Key findingsofTetra Pak®LCA studyforNordic … · • general environmental consultancy for Tetra Pak and ACE Neutral and independent • Commissioned also by competitors like bottle

Breakfast Seminar April 19th 2017, Stockholm

Stefanie Markwardt & Frank Wellenreuther

Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Germany

Key findings of Tetra Pak® LCA study for Nordic

countries focussing on the Swedish market

Study title: Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Tetra Pak® carton packages and

alternative packaging systems for liquid food

on the Nordic market

Who is ifeu?

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ifeu – Institute for Energy and Environmental Reserach …

…founded in 1978 by a group of scientists from

the University of Heidelberg.

Today…

…ifeu is an independent non-profit ecological research

institute without any party political and economical

influence. Financing solely project-bounded means

orders 2/3 from public sector 1/3 from private

enterprises.

An important part of the institute…

… is the commitment of its employees to a sustain-

able society. Clients…

… ... include international institutions, federal

and state ministries and agencies, governments, well-

known companies, business associations, NGOs, public

utilities, transport and logistics service providers.


Research and consultingfor a sustainable society

70 Scientists working on

Resource protection and waste

Development of policies for a circular economy and assessment of practical

recycling solutions and its ecological benefits.

Energy

Evaluation of technologies, development of strategies and policies for a sustainable

and efficient energy system , development of climate action plans

Food and Biomass

Environmental assessment and sustainability analyses of foodstuffs, animal feed,

bioenergy and all aspects of renewable raw materials from different biomass sources

Industry and Products

Environmental impact assessment, resource and risk analysis of products, processes,

technologies, sustainable urban development

Mobility

Analysis of energy consumption and emissions from all motorised transport systems,

evaluation of strategies designed to reduce the environmental impact of transport.


Industry and Products

Longstanding experience in

• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and GHG emission calculation

• development of methodologies and standards, e.g. German Federal Environment

Agency (UBA) and ISO Standards for LCA

In recent years

• LCA of packaging systems and cooperation with packaging producers worldwide

• special focus on beverage packaging systems including many LCA studies

• general environmental consultancy for Tetra Pak and ACE

Neutral and independent

• Commissioned also by competitors like bottle or can producers

• Consultancy also for European Commission, ministries and agencies



LCA for Nordic countries

Main objectives

• Assessment of environmental

performance of Tetra Pak carton

packaging portfolio on the Nordic market

• Comparison with plant based plastics &

alternative packaging systems

• Special focus on higher share of

renewable material in beverage cartons

and their impact on environmental profile


What is LCA

Raw materials Manufacturing DistributionEnd of life/recycling

Emissions EmissionsEmissions Emissions

Life Cycle Assessment is a compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential

environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle

–ISO 14040


LCA framework according to ISO 14040/44

Goal and scope definition

• Functional unit

• System boundaries

• Data requirements

Inventory analysis

• Data gathering and selection

• System model

• Databases

Impact assessment

• Selection of impact categories and indicators

• Quantification of the environmental impacts

Interpretation

• Determination of significant issues

• Evaluations(sensitivity, completeness, consistency)

• Conclusions

Critical review panel of

LCA Nordic countries

Publication of LCA

Håkan Stripple(Sweden)

Birgit Grahl (Germany)

Allessandra Zamagni (Italy)

INTEGRAHL


Goal and Scope of LCA Nordic countries

System boundaries

‘Cradle-to-grave’ LCA

Raw materials Manufacturing DistributionEnd of life/recycling

Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions

Wood carton; tray

Oil Polymers

Bauxite Aluminium

Converting

Filling

Transport to

point of sale

Waste collection and sorting

Recycling

Incineration, landfilling


System allocation approach

How are the impacts and benefits of recycling and recovery

processes considered in the system model?



System allocation approach

How are the impacts and benefits of recycling and recovery

processes considered in the system model?

Base scenarios: Allocation factor 50%

Sensitivity analysis: Allocation factor 100%


Ressource related


Environmental categories

Climatechange

Photo-Oxidant

Formation

Stratospheric Ozone

Depletion

Particulate matter

Acidification

Aquatic Eutrophication

Terrestrial Eutrophication

Freshwater use

Total Primary Energy

Non-renewable

Primary Energy

Use of nature

Emission related

Inventorylevel




Selection of segments & systems Sweden

Tetra Brik®

1000 mL

Tetra Brik®

Edge

TwistCap

1000 mL

Tetra Brik®

Edge

Biobased

TwistCap

1000 mL

Tetra Rex®

1000 mL

Tetra Rex®

OSO34

1000 mL

Tetra Rex®

OSO34

Biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Top®

1000 mL

HDPE

Bottle 1

900 mL

HDPE

Bottle 2

Biobased

900 mL

PET

Bottle 1

1000 mL

Selection example segment Dairy


Results Segment Dairy Sweden – Base scenario

credits energy

credits material

CO2 uptake

net results

recycling & disposal

distribution

filling

transport packaging

top, closure & label

converting

aluminium foil

plastics for sleeve

LPB

PET/HDPE

Glass

CO2 reg (EOL)

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Tetra Brik

1000 mL

TB Edge

1000 mL

TB Edge

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

fully biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Top

1000 mL

HDPE

bottle 1

900 mL

HDPE

bottle 2

900 mL

PET

bottle 1

1000 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change



credits energy

credits material

CO2 uptake

net results


distribution

filling

transport packaging


converting

aluminium foil

plastics for sleeve

LPB

PET/HDPE

Glass

CO2 reg (EOL)

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Tetra Brik

1000 mL

TB Edge

1000 mL

TB Edge

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

fully biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Top

1000 mL

HDPE

bottle 1

900 mL

HDPE

bottle 2

900 mL

PET

bottle 1

1000 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change



credits energy

credits material

CO2 uptake

net results


distribution

filling

transport packaging


converting

aluminium foil

plastics for sleeve

LPB

PET/HDPE

Glass

CO2 reg (EOL)

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Tetra Brik

1000 mL

TB Edge

1000 mL

TB Edge

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

fully biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Top

1000 mL

HDPE

bottle 1

900 mL

HDPE

bottle 2

900 mL

PET

bottle 1

1000 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change



credits energy

credits material

CO2 uptake

net results


distribution

filling

transport packaging


converting

aluminium foil

plastics for sleeve

LPB

PET/HDPE

Glass

CO2 reg (EOL)

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Tetra Brik

1000 mL

TB Edge

1000 mL

TB Edge

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

fully biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Top

1000 mL

HDPE

bottle 1

900 mL

HDPE

bottle 2

900 mL

PET

bottle 1

1000 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change

3.5 11.5 2.3 -1.1 5.0 1.6 -6.129.7

181

83.7109


-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

Tetra Brik

1000 mL

TB Edge

1000 mL

TB Edge

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

fully biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Top

1000 mL

HDPE

bottle 1

900 mL

HDPE

bottle 2

900 mL

PET

bottle 1

1000 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change

Results Segment Dairy Sweden - Allocation factor 100%

credits energy

credits material

CO2 uptake

net results


distribution

filling

transport packaging


converting

aluminium foil

plastics for sleeve

LPB

PET/HDPE

Glass

CO2 reg (EOL)

10.1 18.2 11.9 5.5 11.7 11.0 3.336.7

206

108130


-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Tetra Rex

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

fully biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Top

1000 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change

Results Segment Dairy Sweden – Key findings

Lower results for beverage cartons

in Climate Change

● No closure

● Biobased closure

● Fully biobased carton

● No transport packaging


-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Tetra Rex

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

fully biobased

1000 mL

Tetra Top

1000 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change

Results Segment Dairy Sweden – Key findings

Lower results for beverage cartons

in Climate Change

● No closure

● Biobased closure

● Fully biobased carton

● No transport packaging

5.0 kg CO2/1000 L 1.6 kg CO2/1000 L

Example biobased closure:

Substitution of 2.6 kg of fossil PE per 1000 packaging units by the same amount bio-based PE leads to a saving of 3.4 kg CO2-eq.


Results Segment Dairy Sweden - Key findings

-0,1

-0,05

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0,35

0,4

0,45

kg S

O2

-eq

uiv

ale

nts

/ 1

00

0 L

Acidification

-0,05

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

g R

11

-eq

uiv

ale

nts

/ 1

00

0 L

Ozone Depletion Potential

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

g P

O4

-eq

uiv

ale

nts

/ 1

00

0 L


-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

g P

O4

-eq

uiv

ale

nts

/ 1

00

0 L


-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

GJ

/ 1

00

0 L


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

GJ

/ 1

00

0 L

Non-renewable Primary Energy


Results Segment Dairy Sweden - Key findings

-0,1

-0,05

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0,35

0,4

0,45

kg

SO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Acidification

-0,05

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

g R

11

-eq

uiv

ale

nts

/ 1

00

0 L

Ozone Depletion Potential

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

g P

O4

-eq

uiv

ale

nts

/ 1

00

0 L


-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

g P

O4

-eq

uiv

ale

nts

/ 1

00

0 L


-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

GJ

/ 1

00

0 L


-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

GJ

/ 1

00

0 L

Non-renewable Primary Energy

• Increased bioplastic content based on

sugarcane leads to higher results in

other impact categories

• Review availabilities of other sources

for bio-polymers is recommended


Results Segment JNSD Sweden

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

Tetra Rex

OSO 34

1000 mL

PET

bottle 2

900 mL

PET

bottle 3

1000 mL

HDPE

bottle 3

1000 mL

TBA Edge

LightCap

1000 mL

TBA Edge

LightCap

biobased

1000 mL

TPA square

1000 mL

TPA square

HeliCap

biobased

1000 mL

PET

bottle 4

1000 mL

Glass

bottle 1

750 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change

credits energy

credits material

CO2 uptake

net results


distribution

filling

transport packaging


converting

aluminium foil

plastics for sleeve

LPB

PET/HDPE

Glass

CO2 reg (EOL)

chilled ambient


-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Tetra Top

mini

330 mL

Tetra Top

Midi

250 mL

Tetra Top

Midi

330 mL

Tetra Top

Mini

biobased

330 mL

HDPE

bottle 4

350 mL

HDPE

bottle 5

350 mL

PET

bottle 5

330 mL

HDPE

bottle 6

380 mL

TBA edge

HeliCap

biobased

250 mL

TBA edge

HeliCap

250 mL

TPA square

biobased

330 mL

APET bottle

330 mL

Glass

bottle 2

250 mL

kg

CO

2-e

qu

iva

len

ts /

10

00

L

Climate Change

Results Segment Grab & Go Sweden

credits energy

credits material

CO2 uptake

net results


distribution

filling

transport packaging


converting

aluminium foil

plastics for sleeve

LPB

PET/HDPE

Glass

CO2 reg (EOL)

Dairy chilled JNSD ambient


Overarching conclusions & recommendations

● Low LCA results for beverage cartons in most environmental impact categories compared

to alternative systems in the segments Dairy, JNSD and Grab & Go in Sweden

● Benefit from use of renewable materials in production processes

● Use of biobased polyethylene instead of fossil-based material leads to lower results in

´Climate Change´

● Cultivation phase of biobased PE increases environmental impacts in other impact

categories

● With strong focus on climate change mitigation in Tetra Pak‘s policy, utilisation of

biobased PE can be an applicable path

● Review of availability of others sources for bio-polymers is recommended to examine if

lower environmental impacts can be achieved

Wilckensstraße 3 69120 Heidelberg Telefon +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 0 Telefax +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 19 www.ifeu.de Wilckensstraße 3 69120 Heidelberg Telefon +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 0 Telefax +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 19 www.ifeu.de

Thank you for your attention

Documents

Key findingsofTetra Pak®LCA studyforNordic … · • general environmental consultancy for Tetra Pak and ACE Neutral and independent • Commissioned also by competitors like bottle