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Promising Practices and Potholes for Implementing Interdisciplinary Learning Case Study Prepared For PKAL‐Keck Facilitating Interdisciplinary Learning Project Whitney M. Schlegel, Associate Professor of Biology and Founding Director Human Biology Program, Indiana University Bloomington [email: [email protected]] Institutional Setting and Context for Curricular Change In 2003‐04 Indiana University, a public research university with 43,000 students, positioned itself to facilitate and offer leadership in research and education for the State’s Life Sciences Initiative. At the same time the Provost initiated a competitive funding program, Commitment To Excellence (CTE), to provide funding for new programs that integrated the research and teaching missions of the university. A proposal for A Comprehensive Program in Human Biology was funded under this initiative. Mobilizing Curricular Change A campus conversation/colloquium was launched with the support of university‐wide administration. A shared vision for an integrative undergraduate degree program in human biology emerged from the semester‐long series of symposia and workshops. The vision was one that would capitalize on the unique strongholds of Indiana University, such as the IU School of Medicine and Kinsey Institute. Key Considerations for Mobilizing the Interdisciplinary Teaching & Learning Community (1) Strategic alignment of university/campus goals and initiatives with state ambitions (2) Campus funding for new initiatives (3) Support of university, campus, and unit leaders (4) Campus conversation with facilitation by internal and external experts (5) Early student involvement in shaping vision and curriculum (6) Shared vision of the possible (7) Attention to community building Implementing Curricular Change A multidisciplinary faculty working with input from undergraduate students and employing a scholarly approach developed the Human Biology curriculum. The curricular structure reflects what we know about student learning and provides for intellectual development through a core curriculum with content and skill expertise established within areas of concentration and foundational coursework. Baxter Magolda’s work on self‐authorship served as a guidepost for the development of the learning goals for the interdisciplinary core curriculum while Perry’s intellectual and ethical development scheme steered the student learning outcomes. The core curriculum employs a team‐based and case/problem‐based pedagogy and core courses are taught by two faculty from disparate disciplines. Appropriate assessment strategies (e.g. scientific poster sessions and peer review) were brought to each core course with the intention of authentically engaging students in the environments and processes inherent to science. All learning goals and teaching practices were guided by a backward design approach and the question, “What do we want students to know and be able to do as a consequence of their experiences in Human Biology?” This approach coupled with a review of relevant scholarly literature inspired faculty to continue to ask questions about their student’s learning and design classroom assessments to address these questions. Faculty presented their curricular development work, Putting Theory and Research into Practice in the Development of an Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Major in Human Biology, at the second annual International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning conference in Vancouver, British Columbia. Attendance and presentation at national conferences allowed for faculty and program administrators to gain a better understanding of assessment, to share their experiences and to establish cross‐institutional collaborations. Partnerships with education professionals on campus facilitated scholarly collaborations that led to publications contrasting student learning in disciplinary and interdisciplinary undergraduate science majors. An electronic portfolio was implemented as a means of longitudinally assessing student learning as well as integrating and making visible the learning occurring outside the core curriculum. Campus instructional consultants played a central role in helping faculty to implement classroom assessments and conceive of curricular and programmatic assessments.

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Promising Practices and Potholes for Implementing Interdisciplinary Learning Case Study Prepared For PKAL‐Keck Facilitating Interdisciplinary Learning Project Whitney M. Schlegel, Associate Professor of Biology and Founding Director Human Biology Program, Indiana University Bloomington [email: [email protected]

 Institutional Setting and Context for Curricular Change 

In 2003‐04  Indiana University, a public  research university with 43,000 students, positioned  itself  to  facilitate and  offer  leadership  in  research  and  education  for  the  State’s  Life  Sciences  Initiative.  At  the  same  time  the Provost initiated a competitive funding program, Commitment To Excellence (CTE), to provide funding for new programs that integrated the research and teaching missions of the university. A proposal for A Comprehensive Program in Human Biology was funded under this initiative. 

Mobilizing Curricular Change A campus conversation/colloquium was launched with the support of university‐wide administration. A shared vision  for  an  integrative  undergraduate  degree  program  in  human  biology  emerged  from  the  semester‐long series  of  symposia  and  workshops.  The  vision  was  one  that  would  capitalize  on  the  unique  strongholds  of Indiana University, such as the IU School of Medicine and Kinsey Institute. 

 

Key Considerations for Mobilizing the Interdisciplinary Teaching & Learning Community (1) Strategic alignment of university/campus goals and initiatives with state ambitions (2) Campus funding for new initiatives (3) Support of university, campus, and unit leaders (4) Campus conversation with facilitation by internal and external experts (5) Early student involvement in shaping vision and curriculum  (6) Shared vision of the possible (7) Attention to community building 

Implementing Curricular Change A multidisciplinary faculty working with input from undergraduate students and employing a scholarly approach developed the Human Biology curriculum. The curricular structure reflects what we know about student learning and provides for intellectual development through a core curriculum with content and skill expertise established within areas of concentration and foundational coursework. Baxter Magolda’s work on self‐authorship served as a guidepost for the development of the learning goals for the interdisciplinary core curriculum while Perry’s intellectual and ethical development scheme steered the student learning outcomes. The core curriculum employs a team‐based and case/problem‐based pedagogy and core courses are taught by two faculty from disparate disciplines. Appropriate 

assessment strategies (e.g. scientific poster sessions and peer review) were brought to each core course with the intention of authentically engaging students in the environments and processes inherent to science. All learning goals and teaching practices were guided by a backward design approach and the question, “What do we want students to know and be able to do as a consequence of their experiences in Human Biology?” This approach coupled with a review of relevant scholarly literature inspired faculty to continue to ask questions about their student’s learning and design classroom assessments to address these questions. Faculty presented their curricular development work, Putting Theory and Research into Practice in the Development of an Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Major in Human Biology, at the second annual International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning conference in Vancouver, British Columbia. Attendance and presentation at national conferences allowed for faculty and program administrators to gain a better understanding of assessment, to share their experiences and to establish cross‐institutional collaborations. Partnerships with education professionals on campus facilitated scholarly collaborations that led to publications contrasting student learning in disciplinary and interdisciplinary undergraduate science majors. An electronic portfolio was implemented as a means of longitudinally assessing student learning as well as integrating and making visible the learning occurring outside the core curriculum. Campus instructional consultants played a central role in helping faculty to implement classroom assessments and conceive of curricular and programmatic assessments.  

 

Discussion Questions:  (1) What was surprising to you about this case study? (2) What would be the challenges you would face implementing interdisciplinary learning if this were your institution? (3) What do you want to do next to implement interdisciplinary learning at your institution? 

Interdisciplinary Learning Outcomes for Human Biology Degree Program and E‐Portfolio Assessment Competency/level Extradisciplinary

Advocate (=expert) Year 4 Advocate

Interdisciplinary Critic Year 3 Connect/Critique

Multidisciplinary Investigator Year 2 Investigate

Disciplinary Explorer (=novice) Year 1 Explore

Scientific reasoning and inquiry

Convey implications of results & apply new knowledge in a community context

Connect scientific issues & methodologies to social, cultural, artistic, & historical contexts to frame a complex human problem

Recognize competing scientific, social, cultural, artistic, & historical perspectives related to human dilemmas

Identify scientific process, methodologies & uncertainty in scientific knowledge in practice & in different modes of scientific writing

Collaborative problem-solving

Identify, design, implement & evaluate strategies to confront problems in community, professional & academic settings

Articulate & analyze problems, brainstorm & synthesize cooperative strategies for addressing problems

Examine problems from various perspectives & reflect on past & current cooperative approaches & solutions

Devise collective strategies to advance understanding

Integrative synthesis

Demonstrate growth & development of interests & abilities over length of degree in multiple community contexts

Demonstrate growth & development of interests & abilities across coursework & extracurricular activities

Demonstrate growth & development of interests & abilities both in & outside the area of concentration

Demonstrate growth & development of interests & abilities across the first year coursework

Communication Differentiate & implement communication modes to promote understanding within community, professional & academic settings

Integrate perspectives from various disciplines with different modes of communication & use peer review to advance understanding

Recognize & evaluate appropriate communication mode(s) for a given situation & perspective

Identify & practice different modes of communication and recognize own strengths & weaknesses as communicator

Personal and professional identity

Represent oneself to a variety of audiences in the context of career objectives & personal goals

Connect personal & professional goals through engagement in career and/or community activities

Characterize identity in relation to others, including beyond the major & into the community

Define what you know & what you need to know as a college student

Ethical reasoning and action

Use evidence-based, decision-making process to express values & participate in public discourse about issues of social justice

Analyze & discuss controversial issues using an evidence-based process

Argue respectfully for a position using a variety of perspectives (e.g., scientific, cultural, social, historical, legal)

Identify ethical basis of collaborative work & scientific endeavors

Civic engagement

Demonstrate leadership in community setting

Participate actively in community event/organization

Investigate connections between academic & community issues & experience community events

Develop awareness of community issues & organizations

 

Key Considerations for Implementing Interdisciplinary Learning (1) Dedicated time for faculty‐driven development of curriculum and assessment (2) E‐Portfolio for longitudinal assessment of interdisciplinary learning outcomes (3) Eye to the work of national leaders and scholars (4) Support from campus teaching and learning offices (5) Partnerships with campus education experts and students (6) Scholarly inquiry by faculty as means of realizing assessment aims and aligning academic mission (7) Conference attendance/presentation for gaining knowledge of best practices and connecting work 

In May 2009 the program graduated its first class, a class comprised of 84% women and 21% underrepresented minorities in science. Enhancing diversity is one of four strategic directions for the campus and the program directly supports this by retaining a high minority (14.4%) enrollment and enrolling unusually high numbers of women (74%), especially when compared with other science majors in the college. The culture of the interdisciplinary program in human biology is one that engages community in the support of learning in context and encourages student leadership, mentorship, and ownership within the program and through these best practices has cultivated a diverse and robust interdisciplinary science learning community. 

Institutionalizing Curricular Change Key Considerations for Institutionalizing Interdisciplinary Learning  

(1) Affiliation with internal units and external communities (2) Faculty governed policies and procedures with strong and collective leadership  (3) A sense of community with a shared intellectual agenda (4) Common physical space (5) Adequate personnel and resources (6) Excellent assessment to provide evidence of effectiveness and basis for revision (7) Support of administration for the program mission, faculty and leadership 

Discussion Questions:  (1) What was surprising to you about this case study? (2) What would be the challenges you would face implementing interdisciplinary learning if this were your institution? (3) What do you want to do next to implement interdisciplinary learning at your institution? 

Potholes for Implementing Interdisciplinary Learning The Human Biology program faculty crafted program governing policies and procedures and sought ways to ensure equitable distribution of leadership across all disciplines contributing to the program. Establishing policies to govern faculty teaching in the program’s core curriculum remained elusive in part because initially teaching had been generously funded by the competitive campus award. Later, the variance in departmental culture within the college and changes in administration would hamper the program’s efforts to establish memorandums of agreement and institutionalize procedures for teaching in the program. The program’s history has been to rely upon the good will of faculty and departments which is clearly not a sustainable model. Gaining understanding and support for the program from campus leaders was challenged by an unusual turnover in campus leadership that transcended the program’s development. Changes to the program, and in particular its core curriculum, have occurred as a result of cuts to the program budget, reduced resources for faculty, and removal of class size caps. Confidence in the core curriculum was shaken by claims that the interdisciplinary core courses were shallow and traded rigor for confusing learning objectives that appeared to be more skill than content driven and furthermore, they were costly because of the team teaching and small class sizes. The number of core courses was reduced from three to four and faculty led seminars have been replaced by graduate student led discussion sections. These struggles are inherent to all forms of interdisciplinary work and necessitate strong institutional collaborations and communities to sustain their integrity.  The Human Biology program continues to use community building as a means of growing understanding of best practices inherent to all science teaching and is currently leading a faculty inquiry community examining interdisciplinary team teaching.  

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