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Keweenaw InterdisciplinaryTransport Experiment in Superior
20 investigators8 institutions
5-year$5.4 million
Seeking a quantitative understanding of processes dominating the transport, transformation and fate of biologically, chemically and geologically important matter on the continental margins, including the margins of large lakes.
CoOP
Project Goals
Exploring physical processes (e.g. longshore currents and thermal fronts) mediating cross-margin transport of materials discharged to and generated within the nearshore waters of Lake Superior.
KITES
The Thermal Bar
Hypothesis: the thermal bar representsa barrier to offshore mass transport ...
Thermal Bar
The Keweenaw Current
Hypothesis: the current can retard, re-direct and/or accelerate offshore mass transport ...
Thermal Bar
KITES Project Organization
• physical processes
• sediment transport
• chemical gradients
• biological communities
• remote sensing
• mathematical modeling
… each exploring the role of physical processes in mediating cross-margin transport
Study Site on Lake Study Site on Lake SuperiorSuperior
ON
HN
EH
Keweenaw Peninsula
TributaryDischarges
Dr. Marty Auer, Dr. Judy Buddand Tom Gatzke
“The Ontonagon River and the Thermal Bar”
0
10
20
30
TS
S L
oad
(10
3 MT
∙d-1
)
TributaryDischarges
98 97 91 94 92 96 938995 90
9298 93 91 95 90 94 89 97 96
Spring
Runoff
Event
Thermal
Bar
Formation
15 Mar 1 Apr 15 Apr 1 May 15 May 1 Jun
TributaryDischarges
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0-->10 10-->20 20-->30 30-->40 40-->50
% of TSS Load Remaining
Fre
qu
ency
TributaryDischarges
4-20-1998
Remote sensing reflectance at 555 nm
Plankton
Dr. Marty Auer, Laura Bub, and Kim Elenbaas
Dr. Judy Budd and Dave Osterberg
“Dynamics and Distribution”
Bacterioplankton
HN 010 1999
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
A M J J A S O
HN 050 1999
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
A M J J A S O
HN 210 1999
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
A M J J A S O
(10
6 c
ells·m
L-1)
HN 010 1999
0.00.10.20.30.40.5
A M J J A S O
HN 050 1999
0.00.10.20.30.40.5
A M J J A S O
HN 210 1999
0.00.10.20.30.40.5
A M J J A S O(mg
C·m
-3·h
-1)
“Seasonal Dynamics”
Phytoplankton “Mixed Layer Depth”
Chlorophyll Temperature
Phytoplankton Deep Chlorophyll Maximum
Chlorophyll Temperature
Zooplankton
ChlorophyllTemperature Zooplankton
Vertical Distribution
Phytoplankton Remote Sensing
7-15-2000
Chlorophyll a (µg/L)
ZooplanktonDr. Charles Kerfoot
“Resurrection Ecology”
http://www.joensuu.fi/matemluonto/biologia/ekotox/kirppu.html
Zooplankton0 250 500
KeweenawBay
Daphnia mendotaeDaphnia retrocurva
1945
1930
1900
BenthosJason Kahn, Dr. Nancy Auer,Dr. Marty Auer, and Dr. Noel
Urban
“Organic carbon fluxand Diporeia distribution”
C
Benthos
Offshore Distance (km)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 20
Dep
th (
m)
0
2
4
6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Offshore Distance (km)
Dip
ore
ia (
#/m
2)
Benthos
Offshore Distance (km)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 20
Dep
th (
m)
Depth
% S
ilt a
nd C
lay
Benthos
Offshore Distance (km)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 20
Dep
th (
m)
0.11
0.24
0.05gOC•m-2 •d-1
Larval FishJason Oyadomari and Dr. Nancy
Auer“Distribution of Larval Lake Herring in Relation to the
Keweenaw Current”
Larval Fish
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
1000
100
10
1
Distance from Shore (km)# o
f La
ke H
err
ing L
arv
ae ∙
100
0 m
-3
21 May 2000 – Surface Waters
Houghton Transect
Ontonagon Transect
Larval FishGene Mensch and Dr. Nancy Auer
“Dispersal of Larval Fish at Eagle River”
Larval Fish
Mouth 1 km North1 km South
Catostomidae
Mouth 1 km North1 km South
Cyprinidae
7 July 2002Night Seining
Larvae per 20m2
Seine Haul
200
100
0
80
40
0
Carbon Cyclingand Energy Flow
Dr. Noel Urban, Dr. Marty Auer,and Dr. Sarah Green
“A Carbon Budget for Lake Superior”
Falls Photo Copyright 1993 [email protected]
CO2 CH2O
Photosynthesis (150)Tributaries (7)
Dissolved (150,000)
Particulate (8,000)
Respiration (1,100)Settling (20)
MicrobialAssimilation
(100)
Offshore, stratified conditionsStanding Crop (mg•m-2), Transfer Rates (mg•m-
2 •d-1)
Carbon Cyclingand Energy Flow
Photolysis (?)
Fish Community Objectives for Lake Superior
Goals and Guiding Principles
• the ecosystem must be managed within the bounds of its biological productivity
• the ecosystem must be managed based on science
• fish habitats must be protected
• ability to manage fish communities is limited
y’all come see!
Conclusion:
22-24 May 2002
www.iaglr.org/superior
Abstract Deadline: 12 April 2002
Email addresses of investigators cited here:
[email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]@mtu.edu
