East and Southern Africa

Kenya – Physical Characteristics

Located on the east coast of Africa

Equator runs through it so very hot

Most of Kenya’s people live in the fertile highlands in the SW

Lake Victoria is located in the western part

Kenya – Understanding the Past

British rule began in 1890s, two groups lost their power Masai – herders, Kikuyu

British built a railroad from the coast to Lake Victoria Nairobi was built on the line and grew quickly

Kikuyu went to war against British in 1950s Kenya emerged from British rule in 1963

Kenya – Economic Activities

First president, Jomo Kenyatta, encouraged harambee, which means pulling together

Economic growth mostly in agriculture Cash crops – coffee and tea

Basic crops are sold to countries in Europe Many Kenyans suffer from malnutrition

Kenya – Government and Citizenship

Peaceful country until 1980s when a growing population couldn’t find work or be fed

Many Kenyans blamed Daniel arap Moi, the president for their troubles Demonstrated for political reform

He eventually allowed multiparty elections and stepped down in 2002 – Mwai Kibaki won

Kenya

The Horn of Africa

Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia

Locations near oil supplies of Middle East and shipping lanes of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

Located at the midpoint between Europe and Southeast Asia

The Horn of Africa

Djibouti – vital link between Ethiopia and the sea Income comes from ports on Gulf of Aden and Red Sea Civil War in 1991, peace in 2000

Ethiopia – one of the oldest countries in Africa Droughts in 1984 and 1986 brought famine to country War with Somalia and civil war has hurt Ethiopia Somali Refugees in Ethiopia

Eritrea – won its independence from Ethiopia in 1991 Subsistence farming and herding main economic activities Eritrea - Djibouti Border War

Somalia – gained independence in 1960 Border wars, ethnic conflict, and drought has prevented a

unified nation

Sudan

Largest African nation in area

Mostly desert in the northern part of the country Muslim Arabs live in the north

Southern region is full of plains and a swamp area Different African ethnic groups live in the south

Fighting has occurred consistently since Sudan became independent in 1956

Sudan Today

Landlocked Countries

Uganda – west of Kenya, mostly a fertile plateau Civil War in 1960s and 1970s Became democratic government in mid-1980s

Rwanda and Burundi – ethnocracies One ethnic group rules over other ethnic groups Rwanda – 80% Hutu, 20% Tutsi (Watusi) Civil War in 1994 between the groups Rwanda today Burundi – 14% Tutsi but control army so retain power Rwandan Economy

Tanzania

East of Rwanda and Burundi

Hot and humid coastal lands, cool highlands, varied terrain around Lake Victoria, dry central plains

Many minerals below surface and very fertile soil Poor development has caused it to be very

poor

Tanzania Albinos

South Africa – A Country Divided by Race

Minority Rule – 75% black, 14% white Government and much of the land was controlled by the

white minority

Migration Into African Lands – Europeans in the 1600s Dutch, German, then French – known as Afrikaners British arrived, fought Afrikaners and forced a treaty Combined colony of English-speaking settlers and

Afrikaners

Migration Into White Lands – post independence in 1961 Africans began moving to cities for jobs Inexpensive energy source, capital, connection with

England, and work force allowed economy to become one of the best

South Africa – Artificial Regions

Attempts at Control White govt. worried about black migration to

cities Government forced blacks onto a small % of land Apartheid – nonwhite South Africans were forced

to live apart from whites

International Backlash South Africa’s trade partners placed economic

sanctions against them Bans people from investing in South African

industries as well as the import of South African products

South Africa – Government and Citizenship

Moving Toward Majority Rule 1989 new president F.W. de Klerk made changes He released Nelson Mandela from prison 1990-1991 apartheid laws were repealed Nelson Mandela elected president in 1994

Looking Ahead New constitution was certified in 1996 South Africa

Malawi and Botswana

Southern Africa

Malawi – located on western shore of Lake Nyasa Many migrant workers who work in South Africa Fertile land and an excellent water supply, crowded Jacaranda School

Botswana – borders South Africa to the north Less dependent on South Africa Arid country, sparsely populated Wealthier than Malawi Botswana

Angola and Mozambique

Angola – west coast of Africa Once was a Portuguese colony, independent in 1975 Set up a communist economic system UNITA raged a war against the new government, backed by South

Africa to help end communism With the death of UNITA’s leader, peace in 2002 Oil exports have helped the economy grow recently Angola War Legacy

Mozambique – east coast of Africa Once was a Portuguese colony, independent in 1975 Set up a communist economic system Rebel group named Renamo fought the new government, backed

by South Africa to help end communism Civil finally ended and a political settlement was reached Plenty of natural resources and labor has helped the economy

grow Maputo, Mozambique

Zambia and Zimbabwe

Zambia – located in center of Southern Africa Part of Copperbelt in Zambia allows for revenue Price of copper fell in 1980s and 1990s and country

became very poor Mining in Zambia

Zimbabwe – located south of Zambia Became independent in 1980, elected Robert Mugabe Most land owned by white farmers Slowly land was redistributed, Mugabe seized lands in

2000 and gave them to black Zimbabweans Violence erupted, peace was lost, and unemployment

rose Zimbabwe Land Reform