Keep It on the Roof: Designing Green Roofs for Maximum Stormwater Performance Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Green Infrastructure Conference May 31- June 2, 2017, Detroit, MI

David Yocca, FASLA, AICP, LEED AP

Big Sur Award of Excellence 2009

Winner: Fred Ballerini

Member-based non-profit industry association established in 1999.

Mission To increase the awareness of the economic, social and environmental benefits of green roofs and green walls, and other forms of living architecture in North America through education, advocacy, professional development and celebrations of excellence.

Phoenix Convention Center Phoenix, AZ

Award of Excellence 2011 Winner: Ten Eyck Landscape Architects, Inc.

About Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (GRHC)

• Events • Forums • Webinars • Specialized Training • Networking

• Brand Positioning • Valuation Tools • Publications • Reports

Activities

• Building Resilience and Equity Across Cascadia

• Seattle, WA: September 18th to 21st • Policy, Design & Case Studies, and

Research presentation tracks • Trade show • Training courses & GRP accreditation exam • Awards of Excellence ceremony • Green roof and wall tours • Earn continuing education credits from AIA

CES, LA CES, and more! • www.citiesalive.org

Ballard Library, Seattle, WA Green Roof Award of Excellence 2006 Winner: American Hydrotech, Inc

CitiesAlive: 15th Annual Green Roof and Wall Conference

• Spring 2018 – Toronto, Ontario • Green Infrastructure Policy,

Economics, Performance, Case Studies, Products, and Best Practices in the Great Lakes Region

• Networking, expert speakers, training, tours, trade show

Grey to Green: Making Better Infrastructure Decisions

• Green Roof Professional 3-day equivalent Design/Installation Waterproofing/Drainage Plants/Growing Media

• Net Zero Water for Buildings and Sites 2-day equivalent Push the boundaries of sustainable water use

• Online, self-paced training greenroofs.org/education

Online Training

Activities: - Green Infrastructure Charrette - Living Architecture Performance Tool - Workshops and Training - Conferences

GIF partners with communities to create healthy, resilient, and sustainable places

Opportunity Millions of square feet of roof surfaces will either be created (new buildings), or need to be replaced, rebuilt, or substantially remodeled in the next few decades.

Opportunity Many of these buildings are in critical watersheds that experience flooding and water quality problems.

Opportunity Green roofs can reduce stormwater runoff, improve water quality, AND provide other benefits.

Growing medium

Media separator

Drainage layer

Water proofing

Roof deck

Ecological Green Roof Systems Evapotranspiration, detention, cooling

IEPA/CDF Green Roof Monitoring Project Elmhurst, Illinois

IEPA/CDF Green Roof Monitoring Station Elmhurst, IL

Hydrological Response Research

1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10

September 22, 2006 rain event totaling 0.75 inches

IEPA/CDF Green Roof Monitoring Station Elmhurst, IL

IEPA/CDF Green Roof Monitoring Station Elmhurst, IL

Water Management, Energy Savings, Food Production

On average, CDF has saved $1,384.99 per year on cooling costs since installing the green roofs due to a reduction in the number of Kwh used per degree day.

Building heating + cooling data

IEPA/CDF Green Roof Monitoring Station Elmhurst, IL

Strategies To achieve optimum stormwater performance

with green roofs 1. Engage professionals (accredited

GRP) with expertise in green roofapplications- design/engineering,construction, operations andmaintenance

Chicago City Hall Demonstration Rooftop Garden Chicago, Illinois

Strategies To achieve optimum stormwater performance

with green roofs 2. Adapt system technology to

building, site, local climate, programs, and other specific conditions

Strategies To achieve optimum stormwater performance

with green roofs 3. Optimize depth of growing

medium and evapotranspirationpotential of vegetation to maximizestormwater retention

Water- •Slow, cool, cleanse, and evapotranspire (or re-use) rainwater on the roof to the degree possible •Balance Water Use with Supply On-Site •Minimize use of potable water for sustenance

Retention of 80-95 percent rain event results in keeping a half million gallons annually from discharging into City storm system

Ecosystem approach- •Establish habitat- Soil, Nutrients, Vegetation, Water, Maintenance regimes •Maximize biodiversity and system stability

20,000 individual plants of 150 different species were installed initially; system has evolved over time

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Mid Summer 2004 Photo: City of Chicago Web Site

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Transformed Plant Composition

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Some, (minimal) supplemental water is beneficial for initial establishment AND long-term sustenance of many of the plantings; water can be sourced from harvested rainwater, AC condensate, and /or other non-potable sources

Strategies To achieve optimum stormwater performance

with green roofs

4. Integrate green roof with building and site systems for greatest potential benefit

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Energy- •Reduce urban heat island•Mitigate rapid climate change•Minimize heat gain/improve building envelop•Maximize opportunities for renewable energy systems

August 9, 2001, at 1:45 pm, with ambient air temperature in the 90's, the following measurements were observed:

Temperature over standard roof: 169°F Temperature over green roof: 91-119°F Temperature difference: ≥60°F

Estimates for energy savings approximately $60K per year (primarily cooling)

Health and Well-Being •Air Quality •Food •Visual and Physical Access to Outdoor Environment- Biopheli Qualities •Education

ASLA Headquarters Green Roof Demonstration Washington DC

Site conditions

Stormwater Performance Retention: The ASLA green roof retained 77% of rainfall during initial monitoring period Water Quality: A significant reduction in nitrogen was measured initially, and overall water quality improves as the system matures

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Ann Arbor Municipal Center Ann Arbor, Michigan

Systems Integration Green roofs are part of an overall rainwater management approach to balance water on-site to the degree possible, and maximize vegetation and public amenity with minimal water and energy use.

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Ann Arbor Municipal Center Ann Arbor, Michigan

Keep It on the Roof: Designing Green Roofs for Maximum Stormwater Performance Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Green Infrastructure Conference May 31- June 2, 2017, Detroit, MI

David Yocca, FASLA, AICP, LEED AP

Rooftop Urban Agriculture is a success, multiple varieties of fruits and vegetables can be grown

Deeper media (6-8”) allows for native prairie grasses and perennials to succeed

IEPA/CDF Green Roof Monitoring Station Elmhurst, IL

Rooftop urban agriculture

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• Why do we need it? • Living architecture is complex

The Living Architecture Performance Tool

Brooklyn Grange urban agriculture green roof. Brooklyn NY.

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Complexity leads to barriers • Inconsistent policy • Insufficient product testing • A lack of performance

benchmarks • A lack of representation of living

architecture in existing building rating systems

The Living Architecture Performance Tool

Chicago City Hall. Chicago, IL.

EcoCenter at Heron’s Head Park San Francisco, CA.

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• Mission: Develop consensus-based performance criteria and metrics for all major types of living architecture to ensure that living architecture projects will achieve certain performance benefits, so that they can be funded and implemented with confidence.

The Living Architecture Performance Tool

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• Approach: • Align with and help

inform other rating systems like LEED and SITES

• Work with policy makers to help them craft effective policy based on performance

The Living Architecture Performance Tool

Corus Entertainment interior living wall. Toronto, ON.

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Approach: • White papers in subject areas of performance • Draft framework in progress

Questions? Want to get involved? • Rohan Lilauwala: rlilauwala@greenroofs.org

The Living Architecture Performance Tool