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G D W D V H W V � )R U W K H *H U P D Q G D W D � ZH P D NH X V H R Q O\ R I V D P S OH V R I LQ G LYLG X D OV OLYLQ J LQ ZK D W

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D W W K H H Q G R I W K H S D S H U � R X U F R Q F OX V LR Q V D U H X Q F K D Q J H G ZK H Q ZH LQ F R U S R U D W H IH P D OH ZD J H V

D V ZH OO� 2X U OD E R X U V X S S O\ P H D V X U H LV H V V H Q W LD OO\ W R W D O K R X U V R I ZR U N � E R W K E \ P D OH V D Q G

IH P D OH V � S H U IR U P H G LQ W K H H F R Q R P \ LQ W K H \H D U � ZLW K V R P H D G MX V W P H Q W V P D G H W R D F F R X Q W IR U

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P D Q \ G LP H Q V LR Q V � )R U H [D P S OH � W K H R YH U D OO U LV H LQ . LV V LP LOD U E H W ZH H Q W K H W ZR F R X Q W U LH V �

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S H U LR G � 7K X V � D W W H P S W V W R H [S OD LQ W K H G LoH U H Q F H V LQ ZD J H S D W W H U Q V G H S LF W H G LQ p J X U H V � D Q G

� ZLW K D V X S S O\ R I K X P D Q F D S LW D O V W R U \ F D Q Q R W V X F F H H G � 7K H OD U J H V W G LoH U H Q F H E H W ZH H Q W K H

W ZR F R X Q W U LH V LV LQ W K H . � / P H D V X U H � ZK LF K J U R ZV P X F K P R U H LQ *H U P D Q \ W K D Q LQ W K H 8 6 �

5 H F D OO W K D W W K H D U J X P H Q W LQ R X U P R G H O LV W K D W G LoH U H Q F H V LQ W K H U H OD W LYH J U R ZW K U D W H V R I + � /

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D Q G D F U R V V F R X Q W U LH V � )LQ D OO\� W K H MX P S LQ W K H OD E R X U V H U LH V IR U *H U P D Q \ LQ W K H H D U O\ � � � � V

U H q H F W V U H X Q Lp F D W LR Q � $ V G LV F X V V H G D E R YH � D OO R I R X U P H D V X U H V F R U U H V S R Q G W R W K H IR U P H U : H V W

*H U P D Q \ W K U R X J K R X W W K H S H U LR G � 7K H / V H U LH V U H q H F W V P R YH P H Q W V LQ W R : H V W *H U P D Q \ R I D

OD U J H V X S S O\ R I IR U P H U ( D V W *H U P D Q U H V LG H Q W V D IW H U W K H ID OO R I W K H ZD OO� *LYH Q W K D W R X U S D Q H O

G D W D IR OOR ZV D V H W R I LQ G LYLG X D OV ZK R U H V LG H G LQ : H V W *H U P D Q \ E H IR U H U H �X Q Lp F D W LR Q � ZH G R

Q R W G LU H F W O\ P H D V X U H W K H ZD J H V R I W K H V H Q H Z H Q W U D Q W V � E X W ZH G R W D NH D F F R X Q W R I W K H LU LP S D F W

R Q ZD J H V W K U R X J K W K H P R YH P H Q W V LQ W K H / P H D V X U H G H S LF W H G LQ p J X U H � � : H W X U Q Q R Z W R D Q

H P S LU LF D O LQ YH V W LJ D W LR Q R I W K H ZD J H S D W W H U Q V LQ p J X U H V � D Q G � � H [D P LQ LQ J W K H LU U H OD W LR Q V K LS

W R W K H P R YH P H Q W V LQ W K H D J J U H J D W H P H D V X U H V V K R ZQ LQ p J X U H V � D Q G � �

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P D W H V � 7K H V W D Q G D U G H U U R U V D U H F D OF X OD W H G D OOR ZLQ J IR U W K H S R V V LE LOLW \ R I Q R Q �LLG G LV W X U E D Q F H V

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GLVF UH WH H GXF D WLR QD O F D WH J R ULH V� F D Q Y D U\ J UH D WO\ Z LWK VPD OO F KD QJ H V LQ F D WH J R U\ GH pQLWLR QV� 2QH D GY D QWD J H R I XVLQJ

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J U R X S D Q G W K X V W K H U H LV Q R YD U LD W LR Q R YH U W LP H LQ H G X F D W LR Q IR U D J LYH Q J U R X S � 7K LV LQ W X U Q

P H D Q V W K D W W K H U H W X U Q W R H G X F D W LR Q LV Q R W LG H Q W Lp H G ZK H Q ZH X V H W K H p [H G H oH F W H V W LP D W R U �

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H V W LP D W R U V D U H YH U \ V LP LOD U � V X J J H V W LQ J W K D W W K H U H LV LQ ID F W OLW W OH E LD V LQ G X F H G E \ F R U U H OD W LR Q V

E H W ZH H Q LQ G LYLG X D O V S H F Lp F H oH F W V D Q G W K H F R YD U LD W H V LQ W K H V LP S OH 2/ 6 H V W LP D W H V � ,Q R X U

G LV F X V V LR Q � ZH ZLOO IR F X V R Q W K H V LP S OH 2/ 6 H V W LP D W H V E X W W K H V D P H F R Q F OX V LR Q V F D Q E H G U D ZQ

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H G X F D W LR Q D U H IR X Q G W R E H D S S U R [LP D W H O\ � � LQ *H U P D Q \ D Q G R YH U � � IR U W K H 8 6 � 7K H V H

H V W LP D W H V D U H F R Q V LV W H Q W ZLW K R W K H U V U H S R U W H G LQ W K H OLW H U D W X U H � 7K H U H V X OW V LQ 7D E OH � D OV R

LQ G LF D W H W K D W D J J U H J D W H OH YH OV R I E R W K S K \V LF D O D Q G K X P D Q F D S LW D O D U H LP S R U W D Q W G H W H U P LQ D Q W V

R I W K H R E V H U YH G P R YH P H Q W V LQ W K H ZD J H � H G X F D W LR Q S U R p OH V � ,Q S D U W LF X OD U � W K H H V W LP D W H V LQ

7D E OH � V K R Z� � � � W K D W D Q LQ F U H D V H LQ S K \V LF D O F D S LW D O LV D V V R F LD W H G ZLW K D Q LQ F U H D V H LQ W K H

V OR S H D Q G D G H F U H D V H LQ W K H LQ W H U F H S W R I W K H ZD J H �H G X F D W LR Q S U R p OH � � � � W K D W D Q LQ F U H D V H LQ

K X P D Q F D S LW D O LV D V V R F LD W H G ZLW K D G H F U H D V H LQ W K H LQ W H U F H S W D Q G D Q LQ F U H D V H LQ W K H V OR S H R I

W K H S U R p OH � D Q G � � � W K D W D Q LQ F U H D V H LQ 7)3 LV D V V R F LD W H G ZLW K D Q S D U D OOH O V K LIW X S LQ W K H

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F D W LR Q V R I W K H W K H R U \ S U H V H Q W H G LQ 6 H F W LR Q � � : H H [D P LQ H W K D W U H OD W LR Q V K LS E \ F K H F NLQ J W K H

LP S OLH G 5 H V W U LF W LR Q V � W K U R X J K � V H W R X W LQ 6 H F W LR Q � � 5 H V W U LF W LR Q � F R U U H V S R Q G V W R D W H V W R I

ZK H W K H U R U Q R W W K H G D W D V X S S R U W W K H H [LV W H Q F H R I D E D OD Q F H G D F F X P X OD W LR Q S D W K � ZLW K W K H

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W R R oV H W W K H H oH F W R Q W K H LQ W H U F H S W R I W K H ZD J H �H G X F D W LR Q S U R p OH R I D � � LQ F U H D V H LQ S K \V LF D O

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LQ G LF D W H V W K H S H U F H Q W LQ F U H D V H LQ K X P D Q F D S LW D O Q H H G W R R oV H W W K H

H oH F W R Q W K H V OR S H R I W K H S U R p OH R I D � � LQ F U H D V H LQ S K \V LF D O F D S LW D O� % R W K W K H V H Q X P E H U V

LQ G LF D W H W K D W D E R X W D �� � LQ F U H D V H LQ K X P D Q F D S LW D O LV U H TX LU H G W R R oV H W W K H H oH F W R I D � �

LQ F U H D V H LQ S K \V LF D O F D S LW D O� 7K H G LoH U H Q F H E H W ZH H Q W K H V H U D W LR V LV V P D OO D Q G LV V ZD P S H G

E \ LW V V W D Q G D U G H U U R U � 7K X V � ZH F D Q Q R W U H MH F W W K H Q X OO K \S R W K H V LV W K D W D E D OD Q F H G S D W K H [�

LV W V � $ V ZH G LV F X V V H G LQ V H F W LR Q � � W K H H [LV W H Q F H R I V X F K D E D OD Q F H G S D W K LV S U H F LV H O\ ZK D W

LV H [S H F W H G LI W K H H F R Q R P \ LV LQ D W U D Q V LW LR Q S K D V H � V LP X OW D Q H R X V O\ X V LQ J W ZR P H W K R G V R I

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LQ F U H D V H LQ S K \V LF D O F D S LW D O LQ W H Q V LW \ LV S U H G LF W H G W R LQ F U H D V H ZD J H V D W D OO H G X F D W LR Q OH YH OV D Q G

D Q LQ F U H D V H LQ K X P D Q F D S LW D O LQ W H Q V LW \ LV S U H G LF W H G W R G H F U H D V H ZD J H V D W D OO H G X F D W LR Q OH YH OV �

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F R U U H V S R Q G W R H D U OLH U S H U LR G V IR U ZK LF K $ V V X P S W LR Q � P D \ Q R W E H YD OLG � ,Q ID F W � H D U OLH U

S H U LR G V LQ W K H W ZH Q W LH W K F H Q W X U \ � R U W K H F X U U H Q W V LW X D W LR Q IR U P D Q \ G H YH OR S LQ J H F R Q R P LH V �

P D \ K D YH E H H Q S H U LR G V ZK H Q Q H ZH U W H F K Q R OR J \ ZD V F D S LW D O�E LD V H G D Q G W K H U H IR U H 5 H V W U LF W LR Q

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p U V W J OD Q F H W R F R Q q LF W ZLW K U H V X OW V LQ W K H OLW H U D W X U H � ZH NQ R Z R I Q R V W X G \ R I ZD J H P R YH P H Q W V

E D V H G R Q LQ W H U Q D W LR Q D O F R P S D U LV R Q V � D S D U W IU R P % H D X G U \ *U H H Q � � � � � � � ZK LF K F R Q W U R OV IR U

E R W K F K D Q J H V LQ F D S LW D O LQ W H Q V LW \ D Q G LQ K X P D Q F D S LW D O� �� + H Q F H LW LV X Q F OH D U W R X V ZK H W K H U

W K H U H U H D OO\ LV D Q \ F R Q q LF W W R U H V R OYH E H W ZH H Q R X U U H V X OW V D Q G W K R V H LQ W K H OLW H U D W X U H R Q F H LW LV

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F K D Q J H V LQ W K H ZD J H V W U X F W X U H �

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U H V X OW V � LQ 7D E OH � ZH S U H V H Q W H V W LP D W H V R I ( TX D W LR Q � D Q G W H V W V R I 5 H V W U LF W LR Q V � �� IR U W K H F D V H

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F R H r F LH Q W V D U H D OP R V W LG H Q W LF D O D Q G W K H S D W W H U Q R I W H V W U H V X OW V F R U U H V S R Q G LQ J W R 5 H V W U LF W LR Q V

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LQ V W U X P H Q W LQ J 7)3 E \ D TX D G U D W LF IX Q F W LR Q R I W LP H � D Q G E \ V LP S O\ D OOR ZLQ J IR U D TX D G U D W LF

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IR X Q G YH U \ V LP LOD U U H V X OW V W R W K R V H U H S R U W H G LQ 7D E OH � D Q G � � 7K H U H IR U H � LW D S S H D U V W K D W R X U

U H V X OW V D U H Q R W G U LYH Q E \ S R W H Q W LD O P LV P H D V X U H P H Q W R I 7)3 �

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D R Q H �W R �R Q H S U R S R U W LR Q ZLW K R X W D oH F W LQ J W K H V OR S H R I W K H S U R p OH � 6 X F K D S D W W H U Q LV YH U \

P X F K V X J J H V W LYH R I D ID F W R U Q H X W U D O YLH Z R I S U R G X F W LYLW \ LP S U R YH P H Q W V ZK H U H E \ D OO H P S OR \H G

LQ G LYLG X D OV E H Q H p W � ,Q F R Q W U D V W � W K H H V W LP D W H V R I � LQ 7D E OH � V X J J H V W � LI ZH E H OLH YH W K H W U H Q G

LV F D S W X U LQ J W K H H oH F W V R I LQ F U H P H Q W D O S U R G X F W LYLW \� W K D W S U R G X F W LYLW \ LP S U R YH P H Q W V D U H

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6 H YH U D O S D S H U V K D YH V X J J H V W H G W K D W W K H ID F W R U E LD V LQ ID F W R U D X J P H Q W LQ J W H F K Q R OR J LF D O

F K D Q J H P D \ K D YH D F F H OH U D W H G R YH U W K H H LJ K W LH V � ,Q R U G H U W R H [S OR U H V X F K D S R V V LE LOLW \� LQ

7D E OH � ZH U H S R U W H V W LP D W H V R I ( TX D W LR Q � ZK LF K D OOR Z �� D Q G �� W R E H IX Q F W LR Q V R I W LP H � ,Q

&R OX P Q � R I 7D E OH � ZH D OOR Z W K H �V W R E H D OLQ H D U IX Q F W LR Q R I W LP H � ZK LOH LQ &R OX P Q � ZH

D OOR Z W K H P W R E H TX D G U D W LF IX Q F W LR Q V R I W LP H � ,Q S D U W LF X OD U � W K LV OD W H U V S H F Lp F D W LR Q D OOR ZV IR U

W K H S R V V LE LOLW \ W K D W ID F W R U E LD V p U V W D F F H OH U D W H G W K H Q G H F H OH U D W H G R YH U R X U S H U LR G � $ V F D Q E H

V H H Q IU R P W K H 7D E OH � H YH Q ZK H Q D OOR ZLQ J IR U V X F K D G H J U H H R I q H [LE LOLW \� ZH V W LOO p Q G V W U R Q J

H YLG H Q F H LQ ID YR X U R I R X U W ZR �F R P S H W LQ J W H F K Q R OR J \ P R G H O� )R U H [D P S OH � ZH V W LOO p Q G W K D W

W K H G D W D LQ G LF D W H W K H H [LV W H Q F H R I D E D OD Q F H G J U R ZW K S D W K D Q G W K D W LP E D OD Q F H V R I K X P D Q

YH U V X V S K \V LF D O F D S LW D O OH D G W K H ZD J H �S U R p OH W R V K LIW G R ZQ ZD U G V D Q G V W H H S H Q � + H Q F H � W K H

G D W D LV D E OH W R F OH D U O\ G LV W LQ J X LV K W K H H OH P H Q W V NH \ W R R X U W ZR W H F K Q R OR J \ P R G H O D V R S S R V H G

W R D P R G H O ZK LF K H [S OD LQ V U H OD W LYH ZD J H P R YH P H Q W V D V V W H P P LQ J IU R P R Q J R LQ J ID F W R U E LD V H G

W H F K Q R OR J LF D O F K D Q J H W K D W V K LIW V D J LYH Q S U R G X F W LR Q IX Q F W LR Q � $ V D Q D G G LW LR Q D O U R E X V W Q H V V

F K H F N� 7D E OH � S U H V H Q W V U H V X OW V IU R P H V W LP D W LQ J ( TX D W LR Q � X V LQ J ZD J H R E V H U YD W LR Q IU R P E R W K

P H Q D Q G ZR P H Q � ,Q W K LV F D V H � ZH LQ F OX G H G D V D G G LW LR Q D O U H J U H V V R U V F R X Q W U \ V S H F Lp F IH P D OH

G X P P LH V D V ZH OO D V F R X Q W U \ V S H F Lp F IH P D OH D J H �S U R p OH V � ,Q 7D E OH � � ZH U H S R U W U H V X OW V IR U W K H

V S H F Lp F D W LR Q V F R U U H V S R Q G LQ J W R W K H p U V W F R OX P Q V R I 7D E OH � D Q G � � $ V F D Q E H V H H Q � LQ F OX G LQ J

R E V H U YD W LR Q V R Q IH P D OH ZD J H V G R H V Q R W D oH F W D Q \ R I R X U LQ IH U H Q F H V �

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W K H D V V X P S W LR Q W K D W W K H ZD J H �ID F W R U TX D Q W LW LH V F R P E LQ D W LR Q V ZH R E V H U YH U H YH D O W K H V W U X F W X U H

R I W K H OD E R X U G H P D Q G F X U YH � : H W K H U H OD W H W K LV V W U X F W X U H W R S D U D P H W H U V R I W K H X Q G H U O\LQ J

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W LR Q IX Q F W LR Q D U H Q R W F R U U H OD W H G ZLW K R E V H U YH G P R YH P H Q W V LQ H P S OR \H G ID W R U V � 6 LQ F H W K LV

LV D TX H V W LR Q D E OH D V V X P S W LR Q � ZH D OV R H [D P LQ H G ZK H W K H U R X U U H V X OW V D U H U R E X V W W R X V LQ J

D Q LQ V W U X P H Q W D O YD U LD E OH V W U D W H J \ W R R E W D LQ W K H S U R G X F W LR Q IX Q F W LR Q S D U D P H W H U V � ,Q H oH F W �

R X U D S S U R D F K LV W R LQ V W U X P H Q W IR U E R W K . � / D Q G + � / X V LQ J G H P R J U D S K LF YD U LD W LR Q LQ W K H

H F R Q R P \� ZK LF K ZH W D NH W R E H H [R J H Q R X V W R U H V LG X D O W H F K Q R OR J LF D O F K D Q J H � ,Q S D U W LF X OD U � ZH

H V W LP D W H D W ZR V W D J H OH D V W V TX D U H V V S H F Lp F D W LR Q ZK LF K H [S OR LW V W ZR p U V W V W D J H U H J U H V V LR Q V �

R Q H ZK H U H . � / LV W K H G H S H Q G H Q W YD U LD E OH D Q G D Q R W K H U ZK H U H + � / LV W K H G H S H Q G H Q W YD U LD E OH �

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