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மேல்நிலை இரண்டாம் ஆண்டு – விலங்கியல் . kdpjdpd; clw; braypa y ;. cztpy ; g[ ujf ; Fiwg;ghl;odhy ; Vw;gLk ; neha ;. Fth@pahh;f;fh ; & kuh !;k!;. xU fpuhk ; ypg;gpoy ; cUthFk ; fnyhhpfspd ; mst [. 9/3 fnyhhpf ள் ;. itl;lkpd ; ‘ D ’ Fiwtpdhy ; cz;lhFk ; neha ;. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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kdpjdpd; clw; braypay;
மே�ல்நிலை� இரண்டாம் ஆண்டு – வி�ங்கியல்
Fth@pahh;f;fh; & kuh!;k!;
cztpy; g[ujf; Fiwg;ghl;odhy; Vw;gLk; neha;
9/3 fnyhhpfள்;
xU fpuhk; ypg;gpoy; cUthFk; fnyhhpfspd; mst[
M!;onahknyrpah & hpf;fl;!;
itl;lkpd; ‘D’ Fiwtpdhy; cz;lhFk; neha;
2200 fnyhhpfள்
fodj; bjhHpy; bra;a[k; IRM-k; bjhHpy; bra;a[k; nghJ
njitg;gLk; fnyhhpfs; mst[
19-25
Kjpnahh;fspd; cly;epiw vz;zpd; mst[ tiuaiw vd;d+
70 Kjy; 110 kp/fp ? bl.yp
czt[ cl;bfhs;shj rkaj;jpy; clypy; FSf;nfhrpd; mst[
ifnyhikf;uhd;fs;
Eiuj;jy; vDk; vky;rpg;gpf;nfrdpd; nghJ bfhGg;gpd; khw;wk;
fl;lhbgh;rh burpன்
gy; nth;f; FHy; rpfpr;irapd; nghJ gy; FHpapDs; epug;g[k; gir
bfhy!;l;uhல்
gpj;j;f; fw;fis cUthf;FtJ
tpirapd; jhf;fk;
vYk;g[ Kwptpw;Ff; fhuzk;
fhy!;
vYk;g[ Kwpe;j gFjpiar; Rw;wp cUthFk; jpRj; bjhFjp
Ukhl;of; Zl;Ltyp
rpdhtpay; glyj;jpd; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;g[
Mf;od; ,iHfs;
jirfs; RU';Fk; nghJ v/o/gp/ (ATP) Zyf;TWfs; ,iza[k; ,lk;
rhh;nfh gpsh!;kpf; tiy
jirapd; RUf;fjpw;Fj; njitahd fhy;rpak; madpfis btspapLtJ
iynrhirk; behjpfs;
hpfh; khh;orpd; nghJ jirfspy; cs;s g[uj;ij mHpf;Fk; bghUs;
1/1-2/2 kP2
ekJ clypd; bkhj;jj; njhypd; nky; gug;g[
brngrpa!; Rug;g[
rPgk; vd;w vz;bza; bghUisr; Rug;gJ
epwkp cUthf;fj;jpy; FiwghL
my;gpdprk; vd;gJ
Ya[f;nfhblh;kh
Fiwt[s;s my;gpdprk; cz;lhff; fhuzk;
njhy; g[w;Wneha;
mjpf mst[ g[wCjhf;fjph;fspd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; cz;lhtJ/
0/02 fpuhk;? 100 kpyp(0/04 fpuhk ;? 100 kpyp )
,uj;jj;jpy; a{hpahtpd; mst[
fy;yPuy;
a{hpahit cUthf;Fk; ,lk;;
Zd;W
mnkhdpahit a{hpahthf khw;wj; njitg;gLk; ATP
caph;tofl;o
FshkUyh!;; tof;fl;Ljypd; nghJ khy;gp#pad; cWg;gpd bray;ghL
20 Kjy; 25%
rpWePufj;jpw;Fr; bry;Yk; ,uj;jj;jpd; mst[ tpfpjk;
25 kp/kp/ Hg
FshkUyrpy; fhzg;gLk; bkhj;j tof;fl;Lk; tpirapd; mst[
21 fpuhk;
rpWePuf Ez;FHy;fpy; jpUk;g cwp";rg;gLk; a{hpahtpd; mst[
mz;ik fUz;l FHy;
ePh;. FSf;nfh!;. nrhoak;. gh!;ngl; kw;wk; ig fhh;gndl; cwp";rg;gLk; ,lk;
170 ypl;lh;
FshkUyhh; to jputj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ePhpd; mst[
10-15
jw;rkak; ,d;Rypd; vjph;g;g[ ePhpHpt[ neha; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk; taJ tuk;g[
,d;Rypd; rhh;e;j
itu!; bjhw;wpdhy; Vw;glf;Toa ePhpHpt[ neha; ,t;tifiar; rhh;e;jJ
ilaiyrh;
vJ braw;ifahd rpWePufk; vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpwJ
Ez;qaphpay;
Y}ap gh!;lh;
nugp!; neha;f;F Kjypy; jLg;g{rpia fz;lwpe;jth;
Clf Kiwfis cUthf;Fjy;
etPd Ez;qaphpay; cUthff; fhuzk;hd Kf;fpa epfH;t[
TLjy; ciw fpisf;nfh g[ujj;jpdhy; Mdit
itu!; mikg;g[ mog;gilapy; vJ rhpahdJ my;y
n&g;sha;L itu!;fs;
ithpahdpy; xnu xU epa{f;spf; mkpyk; kl;Lk; fhzg;gLtjhy; mJ ,t;thW miHf;fg;gLfpwJ
Md;nfhb#dpf; itu!;fs;
g[w;Wf; fl;o (m) nfd;riu cUthf;f J}z;Lk; itu!;fs;
Mg;gphpf;fd; J}f;f tpahjp
g[nuhl;nlhnrhth xl;Lz;zpahy; cz;lhFk; neha; vJ
bfhRtpd; clk;gpy;
gpsh!;nkhoah ghy; ,dg;bgUf;f Kiw v';F eilbgWk;
cly; tot';fs; (m) Lnuhnghnrha;l;fs;
neha; cz;lhFk; vd;lkPgh &p!;nlhypofh epiy
rp!;nlhnrhk;fs;
onuhbknlhlh g[Gtifapdk;
,z;lh;bguhன்;
itu!; nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; mjpf bray;bfhz;l ntjpag; bghUs; fhuzp
neha;j;jil fhg;gpay;
midj;Jk;
fPH;bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sitfSs; jLg;ghw;wiyj; J}z;Lgit vit+(m) ghf;Ohpah (M) itu!; (,) xl;Lz;zpfs; (<) midj;Jk;
cs; mikg;g[ jLg;g[
njhy; bray;gLjy; ve;jtif rhh;e;j jLg;ghw;wy;
iynrhirk;
vJ ghf;Ohpah – vjph;bghUs;
,d;lh;bguhd;
vJ itu!; vjph;bghUs;
nkf;nuhng#!; kw;Wk;
epa[l;nuh~gpy;fs;
tpG';Fk; bry; nrhofis fz;lwpat[k;
kh!;l; bry;fs;
&p!;lkpd;idr; Ruf;Fk; bry;fs;
,k;kpndh fpshg[ypd; Zyf;TWfs;
jput tHp jLg;ghw;wy; bray;gLtJ
Ml;nlhfpuhg;l;
vt;tifahd njhy; xl;L braw;if njhy; mWit rpfpr;irapy; cgnahfg;gLfpwJ
MW
MHC #Pd;fs;. Rz;blypapd; ve;jf; Fnuhnkh nrhkpy; cs;sJ
gy;Tl;L brjpy; neha;
Ml;nlh ,k;kpa{d; neha; vJ+
lgE
ve;j tif Md;l;oghofs; xt;thik gz;g[ bfhz;lit
mondhird; o mkpnd!; FiwghL
SCID neha;f;fhd fhuzk;
bul;nuh itu!;
va;l;!; neha;f;fhd fhuzp
12 tUl';fs; tiu
ijk!; Rug;gpad; tsh;r;rp fhyk;
B- ypk;nghirl;Lfs;
,k;a[ndhFnshgpidr; Rug;gJ
,yF r';fpyp nghd;W ,Ukl';fhdJ
,k;a[ndhFnshgpdpy; cs;s H r';fpypapd; Zyf;TW vil
fpisf;nfh g[ujk;
,k;a[ndhFnshgpypd; ntjpag;bghUs;
fd kw;Wk; ,yF r';fpypfspy;
mjpf khWghLfs; bfhz;l gFjpfs; fhzg;gLgit
செ�ndhfpuhg;l;
gd;wpypUe;J kdpjDf;F cWg;g[ xl;L bra;ag;gLtJ
Inrhfpuhgl;
xj;j mikg;g[ila ,ul;ilah;fSf;F ,ilna eilbgWk; cWg;g[ xl;L
jw;fhy kugpay;
v!;brh;rpah nfhiy
ve;jg; g[nuhnfhpahl;oy; mjpf mst[ kugpay; nrhjidfs; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ
thl;rd; kw;Wk; fphpf;
DNA tpy; ,uz;L ,iHfs; (r';fpypfs;) cs;sd vdf; fz;lwpe;jth;
300f;Fk; mjpfkhd
kdpjdpy; vj;jid kug[f; Fiwghl;L neha;fs; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd
re;jjp tHpj; bjhlh;
kdpjhpy; kug[g; gz;g[fisg; gw;wp mwpa cjt[tJ
clw;Fnuhnkhnrhkpy; cs;s #Pd;
rpf;fps; bry; (fjph; mhpths;) ,uj;jr; nrhif vjdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ+
bkyhdpd; ,y;yhik
my; gpdprj;jpw;fhd fhuzk;
mz;o';l;ld; bfhhpah
kdpjdpy; clw;Fnuhnkhnrhkpy; fhzg;gLk; X';F #Pdpdhy; Vw;gLk; neha;
Fnuhnkhnrhk;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; glk;
,onahfpuhk; vd;why;
B
Fnuhnkhnrhk;fs; 4 kw;Wk; 5 (nfhpnahilg;gp';) ve;jj; bjhFjpapy; mike;Js;sd
ouhd;!;nghrhd;fள்
vit elkhLk; kug[g; bghUs; vdg;gLfpwJ
Rw;Wg;g[wr;NHy;
Mz;Lfs; 90 kpy;ypad;
kf;fs; bjhifg; bgUf;f tsh;r;rp tPjk; vt;tst[+
,it midj;Jk;
jw;nghJ jpObud mjpfhpj;jpUf;Fk; kf;fs;bjhif mjpfhpg;g[ ,t;thW miHf;fg;gLfpwJ/m) kf;fs;bjhifg; bgUf;fk; M) kf;fs; bjhif btoFz;L,) kf;fs; bjhifg; bghwp <) ,it midj;Jk;
,aw;iff;F vjpuhd kdpjr; bray;ghLfs;
cyfshtpa btg;g cah;tpw;Ff; fhuzk;
CO2
bgUk;ghd;ikahff; fhzg;gLk; fz;zho tPLtha[
i&l;nuh Fnshnuh g[Snuh fhh;;gd;fs;
ve;j tha[f;fs; Xnrhd; glyj;ij ntfkhf mHpf;fpd;wd+
Fnshnuhg[Snuh kw;Wk;
nkw;gug;gpy; Zoitj;jy;
rpwpa mst[ ntjpa fHpt[fisf; bfhz;l mjpf mst[ fHpt[ePiuf;ifahs
vk;Kiw rpwe;jJ
kd;dhh;;tisFlh caphpay; g{';fh
vg;gFjp ‘caphpay; brhh;f;fk;’ vd miHf;fg;gLfpwJ+
5X1020 fp/fnyhhpfs;
xU tUlj;jpw;Fg; g{kpf;F tUk; Nhpa Mw;wy; mst[
i&l;u#d;
ekf;Fj; njitahd midj;J kpd;rhuj; njitfisa[k; g{h;j;jp bra;a vjph;fhyj;jpy; gad;glg; nghtJ
3%
cyfpy; cs;s ePhpy;. Vj;jid rjtPjk; ed;dPh;+
<) midj;Jk;
ed;dPiug; bgWtjw;F cg;g[ePiuf; FoePuhf;Fk; jpl;lj;ij ek;gpapUf;Fk;ehL vJ+m) Jgha; M) Xkhd; ,) g&;iud;
<) midj;Jk;
gad;ghl;L caphpay;
26 ,d';fs;
jw;nghJf; fhzg;gLk; khl;od';fspd; vz;zpf;if
fPy;yhன்;
fPH; cs;sitfspy; vJ ,Git ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ my;y
rptg;g[ fuhr;rp
rpe;jp ,dj;jpd; kW bgah; vd;d+
nfhak;g[j;J}h;
fh';nfa ,dk; njhd;wpa ,lk;
fPh;
ve;j ,dk; may; ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;J my;y
gR mk;ik
bjhw;W nehapd; cjhuzk; vJ+
ghy; fha;r;ry;
Rz;zhk;g[ ePUld; bty;yk; fye;J bfhLg;gJ ve;neha;f;fhd Kjy; cjtp rpfpr;ir
btsp ,df;fyg;g[
Kw;wpYk; xj;j gz;g[fis cila ,d';fis ,dg;bgUf;fk; bra;tJ
b#h;rp ,dk;
gR ,d'fspy; vjDila ghypy; mjpf fnuhl;od; rj;J fhzg;gLfpwJ
,uj;jg; nghf;F
gpd;tUk; mwpFwpfspy; Md;e;jpuhf;!; neha;f;fs; fhzg;gLtJ
,aw;if g[iHfspd; tHpahf
ghpzhkf; nfhl;ghL
#Pd; ghg;!;J yhkhh;f;
tpy';fpay; jj;Jtk; vd;w E}iy btspapl;lth;
tP!;kd;
Kjd;Kjypy; b#h;k;gpshrj;jpid. nrhkhl;nlh gpshrj;jpypUe;J gphpj;jhpe;j b#h;khdpa mwptpayhh;
bgw;wg; gz;g[fs; kug[g; gz;g[fshFk;
bkf;Lfhy; g[jpa yhkhh;f;fpaj;jpid Mjhpj;J btspapl;lf; fUj;J
kpfr;rpwe;jit jg;gp thH;jy;
lhh;tpd; Mjhpj;j ghpzhkg; fUj;Jf;fs;
#p/vy;/ !;blgpd;!;
ghpzhkr; brawgh';F vDk; E}iy btspap;l;nlhh;
jpOh; khw;wk;
#Pd; FGkk; nkk;ghl;ow;F fhuzpfs;