Katrin Kogman-Appel & Mati Meyer, Between Judaism and Christianity

7/28/2019 Katrin Kogman-Appel & Mati Meyer, Between Judaism and Christianity

1/487

Bw Jum Cy

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd iKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd i 6/27/2008 4:59:40 PM6/27/2008 4:59:40 PM


2/487

T Mv M

P, Em Cuu, 4001500

Managing Editor

Hug Ky(SOAS, L)

Editors

Pu Mg (S. Aw)Dv Abuf (Cmbg)Bjm Ab ( Avv)

Ly J. Sm (W Mg Uvy)Ov Rm Cb (N Dm)

VOLUME 81

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd iiKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd ii 6/27/2008 4:59:41 PM6/27/2008 4:59:41 PM


3/487

Bw Jum

Cy

A H Ey H

Ev (Eb) Rv-N

Edited by

K Kgm-A M My

LEIDEN BOSON2008

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd iiiKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd iii 6/27/2008 4:59:41 PM6/27/2008 4:59:41 PM


4/487

Cover illustration:Hu m w x ju , b N Fv Bug.W k m Zv W.

bk - .

ISSN 0928-5520ISBN 978 90 04 17106 0

Cyg 2008 by Kkjk B NV, L, N.Kkjk B NV m B, H Pubg,IDC Pub, Mu Nj Pub VSP.

A g v. N ub my b u, , v ym, m y m by y m, ,m, yg, g w, wu w mm ub.

Auz y m u g byKkjk B NV v y Cyg C C, 222 Rw Dv, Su 910,Dv, MA 01923, USA.F ubj g.

printed in the netherlands

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd ivKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd iv 6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM


5/487

CONENS

P .................................................................................................. xKatrin Kogman-Appel and Mati Meyer

Ev Rv-N ......................................................................... 1Ziva Amishai-Maisels

PAR ONE

LAE ANIQUE JEWISH AR

T M N Fv Bug S Lgy A .................................... 9Zeev Weiss

F-(): Jw G-G Rv ................................. 25Rivka Ben-Sasson

Jw A L Aquy: A Exm Jw Iy ...... 39 Kurt Schubert (d. Feb. 4, 2007)

PAR WO

EARLY CHRISIAN AR

J Aqu: A Gu C G .............. 55Margo Stroumsa Uzan

D D R M Pvm j Cu Byz Umyy P ........................................................................... 73Lihi Habas

J Gz Tabula Mundi Rv .................................. 91Rina Talgam

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd vKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd v 6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM


6/487

v contents

PAR HREE

CULURAL EXCHANGE BEWEEN JEWS AND CHRISIANS

Cmgy, A, Lugy ........................................................... 121 Shulamit Laderman

T Cx Bbu Sg, Christian Topography, Qu Jw M Ey C A ........... 139Herbert L. Kessler

N Iu Ezk m V Postilla litteralis N Ly ........................................... 155Walter Cahn

N Ak Ak Cv S S Mv Mu ................................................ 171Andreina Contessa

Puy Imuy: T Nk Wm Bg Jw C A .............................................................. 191Sarit Shalev Eyni

S W N Nm: P W Mv A ............ . 215Colum Hourihane

PAR FOUR

BYZANINE AR

Ev Nuy: A Sg Sm Pu Cg Emy ............................................................... 243Mati Meyer

Su Amg Jw? A-Jw Pm N-Cuy Byz Mg P ............................. 259Emma Fanar

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd viKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd vi 6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM


7/487

contents v

PAR FIVE

HEBREW ILLUMINAED MANUSCRIPS

Jw Sb C Ium:I Eu Cuu Ng ..................... 281Eva Frojmovic

T S Lzg Mz: P Egy Ey Fu-Cuy Gmy ..................................... 307Katrin Kogman-Appel

T S Sm Sb: T Iu Ab Pu 1340 .......................................................... 319Bezalel Narkiss

T H Cu: A Uxu U-Dwg C Mgy Mz ..................................................... 353Dalia-Ruth Halperin

A Wm Hbw Py Bk A M Bu ........................................................................................ 371

Evelyn M. Cohen

L Cbu ........................................................................... 379

Ix .................................................................................................... 000

Iu S ............................................................................ 383

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd viiKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd vii 6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM


8/487

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd viiiKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd viii 6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM


9/487

PREFACE

T y mb Festschrif w w mu-y v P Eb(Ev) Rv-N wk y u . Ty ubu by y w w v m kw wk, ug W C, Evy C,

Ev Fjmv, Cum Hu, Hb K, KuSub, I g w wm wk my y b g ,mg m A C, S Sv Ey, R gm, Zv W. Dug wy y Ev Rv-N b v my u, m wm v yb mv w g w ju bgg mg : Rvk B-S, L Hb,D-Ru H, Emm My-F, Sum Lm, MgSum-Uz, w . A , bu , bu by w P.D. uv,Bz Nk.

Aug my m gu x w bu Festschrif, w m EvRv-N w g : Jw vuuu quy M Ag; y C Byz- ; uu bw Jw C m . F k v m bk w y qu mv .

T u u gu, , m, vum v vy ubj g w mgy vu m. Tu y Ev Rv-N g-m, v wk

gu u w gu u. Tyg m qu yggu, Jw uy , yC Byz m Byz mu um,Jw bk , O m Wmu. Ty b y : Jw y qu , u Ku Sub RvkB-S; g qu Jw C gu

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd ixKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd ix 6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM


10/487

u, m by L Hb; Jw-C m O, xmf byCum Hu Emm My-F; qu Jw C um Hbw bk byEvy C Ev Fjmv; uu bkgu u- Hbw mu K Kgm-A y; C- mgy gm w u Hb L. K,Sum Lm, R gm; mgy m by W C A C; qu Jw C wm u by M

My S Sv-Ey.T u bu mg Ev u-

m w mu-y b qu mv gu mu k vu uu Eu Byzum. Ty g mg m m g w uu vy mv gu , y y , g, uu gu w gu Eu U S, w I.

Ly, w wu k x u gu bu bk, f gg v y u j u. T bk wu k k uv m, , u uub.

B Sv R Dmb 2007

x preace

KOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd xKOGMAN_APPEL_f1_i-x.indd x 6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM6/27/2008 4:59:42 PM


11/487

ELISHEVA REVEL-NEHER

Z AM

E RN tody ckowdgd d t fd od Jw t o t og t pod o t dtuctoo t Scod p to t Rc, wt pc p o

Byt t. H ggt wt t ubjct p pod o ototy y d p t pod wc Jw t w fy cogd gtt bc o t toc c. Moo, w o o t goup o po wo xpod d coodtd tc body o t o Jw t wc d to t ccptc.

E w bo Fc to y wo w t tt t dg o t N. H y d c tg o otwt Jud o bot t gou d t tctu . H uc,Ad N, ubquty bc dg Jw poop d t bc Sup Cout jutc Fc. T y wo y ttd t, d w dg, gdt, AbtN, wot d uttd ou Po Hggd o t ypt u, o o c y ty pt udgoud. E tuy pubd t Hggd c wt toducto (2000).O c potut ucocou cocto btw t tuducpt d tt ucpt uto, wc otky dt bck to to dk dy.

E bg cdc tud t toy Stboug,w t y ttd t w, dg to d t wtLou Godck. S t wt o to tudy Byt t, pcyucpt uto, wt Suy Du, dg xpt tfd, wt wo coptd M.A. o t uc o bbctxt o y d uto o t Book o G (1972). By

tt t, d dy dtd tt Jw ubjct tt td Jw t woud b t oc o tud. W pubgt ut o c, bg wokg o doctot o tdpcto o t Ak o t Cot t. T wok, w og Zo, d E, ubd, t pyct D R,d t two o to gt to I 1974. S dtybg tudyg wt B Nk, xpt t fd o d

KOGMAN_APPEL_f2_1-6.indd 1KOGMAN_APPEL_f2_1-6.indd 1 6/27/2008 4:59:54 PM6/27/2008 4:59:54 PM


12/487


13/487


14/487

4 ziva amishaimaisels

cocg t xtc o y Jw t dtg o Htct tt ucd Ct t, og wt t dc d bbc d. O t ot, popod o dct cotct btwCt t d Jw ouc w Jw .

P to wok o doctot, E d bgu to wok ot g o t Jw Byt t. S ppocd t pob otwo dt g two tc o t dd o t g ptd t to to to o t Mg, wc d upgy uko Pyg bot PoCt t to box t top td Byt t. I Pob dcoogp judoct:

t d cou du Co Gdo d t byt (1974)tc tt w t b o t ctu g t t Wod Cogo Jw Stud 1973 owd tt t boxk tuctu wbd o Jw pyct tt d bco btc o t Jw.I Lcoogp judoct u byt: u ouc dcoc pou to du od ju poqu pct ttudqu (1975), pod ow t dopt o t gyowd t tg u Bytu o t dy wg o t pyw d pyct by t Jw ot oy dug py, tcoo tody, but t tt w, bg gut o utto o Jw Byt ucpt d o udc dcptoo Bbyo Jw, t y Jw wo w ud Byt u t tt d wo obouy cotbutd togy to t g.

T c d E to o o jo book, Te Image othe Jew in Byzantine Art (1992), wc d upgct: dpt t tog tStc to o Byt toogy, ddpt cotpoy tStc cctu o Jw Wt t,Byt t cotud to dpct t Jw ut wy tt ow ot poStc tttud. H y o t coxtc t t d pc o t d poStc pct w outoy coty o t copxty o Ct tttud towdt Jw. S t ocd t fdg by yg t g ot Jw Eg d t (1995). S cotud c o

Bytu du tttud towd Jud by copg Byt dWt ptto o Ecc d Sygog, wc pubd Bck d Wt, Od d Nw: Rxg t cootto oCuc d Sygogu Byt At (2007).

Lty, pcy t dcoy o t ygogu oc Spo 1993, E bco ttd ptcuy



15/487

elisheva revelneher 5

cgg topct ptto o God Jw t. T oquy utd o tc, cudg: Sg t Ib: Sguty o Jw At d t Sctfcto o Pctu (2003)d Sg t Voc: Cofgug t NoFgub Ey MdJw At (2006). T tc o w tptto o t u ot Hd o God Jw t, owg tt, dpdg o t cotxt,t oowo g tt dct t u g o t pctu, wy o ptg t oc o God, d wy o tg tt tpopt wo t pp Du Euopo ctg g o g pow. S cottd t u o t g Jw

oppod to Ct t, tg t Jw d ot to cofgut D pyc . Tu ygogu oc d tJw ucpt uto, t cod doo o t Ak uggt tb quty o God wo c b t o fgud. S o cty dcud t u t cotxt o Jcob dd d cotug to puu t ubjct otcog book, tttyttd Facets o the Invisible: Confguring the Non-Figurable in JewishMedieval Art.H pubcto wy utty ucd d butuygud, bft oqut co, w d y fd.

Ad o coy wok, E d pott cotbuto to t poputo o t tudy o Jw t. S ogdtwo jo tto coc: T Iutto o t Sptugt oy o Kut Wt (1994) d Scptu d Pctu: TBb At (1999). S o b ct t Ct o Jw At t t Hbw Uty, t Socty o Jw At, d t Wod Cog o Jw Stud. S ctud o Jw ttougout Euop, t Utd Stt, d Mxco, tugt t ubjctt t Jw Toogc Sy Nw Yok (1991), ctud o tJw ouc o Byt t t t co Ptqu d Hut tud(1991), d coductd c o Jw At t t CtNto d Rcc Sctfqu (19851988, 2002) P. S wtut ttg t Pog o Stud Jw At t B IUty, d g t opg ctu t 1993 d 1994.

H y tudt go o to c Jw d Bytt t I ut: Kt KogApp t B GuoUty o t Ng, Su Ld t B I Uty d tScct Ittut o t Jw Toogc Sy, E MyF t H Uty, Mt My t t Op Uty, d LHb t Hbw Uty.



16/487

6 ziva amishaimaisels

A wodu tc, cout c, d y pcu bg, E RN wy b dy to o pg d to tudt d cogu, bot coy d po wy. I pd d poud to y tt t b pgo to wok wt d to c y d d y cogu.



17/487

PAR ONE

LAE ANIQUE JEWISH AR



18/487


19/487


20/487

10 zeev weiss

E j y y y f , R-ByE.4 T S L G, xy x y CE y.5 T S, y x , x j.

O , I

y . T N F B, S y f y CE, y y f f . I y y x S y I .

T N F B L S, cardo .6 I x . 50 35 ; , , , . A - k .T P -- P, , L D S, , G Bk y , P P S .7 T

4 S, .., f S#-P, A Sy, N P Cy: By (1995), 141152; (1979), 7090; D (1999), 166171; M(1987).

5 F S, N W (1994);W N (1997), 221; R (1996), 123125; W (2004),47123; W (2003), 94101; W (2005).

6 N W (1995), 166171; W (2002), 5561.7 D S (2002), 9197; Bk (2004), 764766. T Bk

, y f; W (2002),5861. N , .., triclinium, k, ,



21/487

the mosaics o the nile estival building at sepphoris 11

y, , , y , , , . 8

T N F B (15 10 ) k y , , , N F. E y y , , y , .

T , y

. S f , , , y -y y x y . Ty, , y q - By y y S. T - A .

Geometric Carpets

S , , y, - k A. T , x, - q

y , y y . O y, y - . T y y y y fy CE, y . N y f , N F B L S.

8 By f ; .., f, C, G xy CE; F R (1929), III, 55. A S; N FB; A-Y (1961), 184187; D S (1999), II, 157158.



22/487

12 zeev weiss

, H B R B C A.9 NF B, (F. 1), y -k (semis) y A.10

Figural Panels in Geometric Carpets

I , f ,y yy . A x .T y Gk (G H) .11 S y J C k y .12

A x j . I f , y A, (F. 2).13 T k k y . T y f . A x y CE D Ok .14 KW

9 L (1947), 257258, 289291.10 D (1983), 51; O (1987), C. N. 8, 185, 215, 221, 227

; . A: L (1947), P. XCII, CXXVI,CXXXVIII, CXLI.

11 T S y f-y CE y x S; W (2005), 118119.T y y k R, y y.

12 (1972), N. 73, 74, 75; P D S (1987), 272281; Z (1966),132133.

13 W (2002), 7576.14 R (1962), II, P. 2, 9.



23/487


24/487

14 zeev weiss

y , y (paraptasma). A A, y , y (F. 4).

k, y R , S- qy y C Gk yy.T ky y M A A D S,

paraptasma, .20 x, , S H P A.21 T f S, , , y k y .22 I , A- . Ty A, A , - y q qy, y .23

T N (7.6 6.2 ) (F. 5).24 T N R ; , k . V . A N . T 15,16, 17 N

20 By (1990), 5457.21 C (1982), f. 94.22 I A M F H R

y , Dk, ; W (1992), VI:1, N. 128, 129, 130.

23 R (1991), 202204, . Bk A y P y, k y A; Bk (2006), 6061.

24 N W (1992), 7580; W (2002), 6173.



25/487


. A y k f IZ (17 ) N .

V k N R By, , , , .25 S , x, S,26 k S trulla -f/y-x y CE, y HM S P.27 T S k

N, (.., B L B S C My L F ) N f .28

f . T f , Gk - [] , k . T f f Ey E, N f y N R.29 T f N, N , . H x k f . Ak f N .

T k N, , semeion, q y .30 A , y y:k k f . I R , yy y f S, y

25 B (1971), 4965, P. X; P (1977), 166168.26 By (1990), 6567, P. XXXIII.1.27 P y (1934), II, 82, P. 44; D (1961), 53.28 Z (1966), 123134; S (1937), 5863.29 Kky (1982), 290298; J (1988), IV.1:120124.30 B (1971), 53.



26/487

16 zeev weiss

.31 T N S Ax, semeion. y k . T IZ, N, x .

T y Py C S Ax y CE D.32 B y, , Ax.

S k . S , IZ . Ax y y , , , . T P, Ax . 33 T P j y y x y .

T , x . S y y By N , - S.34

Lk , y N S y y N . T P,35 , x, B L M (y y CE) S

31 My (1995), 7273.32 F (1972), II, 8590; E (1998), 100108.33 Py, Historia Naturalis 36.83. F P

y , H(1971), 5961; Cy (1991), 138157.

34 A-R W-Pk (1980), 4546, P. 5657, 64, 84/2, 85;H (1998), 106120.

35 My (1995), 2079.



27/487


(y x y CE).36 O y N k N, , . S q By y y .

Te Antiochene Infuence on Shaping the Mosaic Art at Sepphoris

A , , , f N F B A . W A y ? x, y, y k ?T x S A y.

G , semis S f k A.37 T f A .38

T f N F B y ; , y , k A. S f -, q Cy , A (F. 6), S ( F. 3):39 A, A M, f . Uk S, , f A y,

36 F (1965), 137141, F. 1; By (1990), 6068, P. XXXXXXIII.37 L (1947), 405407, 43653; D (1999), 163164, 176177.38 L (1947), P. XLVII, LXX, LXXIII; Bk K (2005), 222227;

By (1995), 4246.39 L (1947), 6871; , . 00.



28/487

18 zeev weiss

y q .

T Ykx A , -x :40 T y Yk x S, A . A k Yk x, S y f . T

y: - f Yk x , f S y ( yy), .

T N , , -qy, y , A . N , , j N.41 A , A f S. T N - y By P A.

A S f A, y I L, KM. D. D, , .42 T My W H (F. 7), x, y .43 T N F B H A, y y .44 H, -, ,45

40 L (1947), 28283, P. LXIV:.41 S, .., L (1947), 595596, P. CLXXXI.42 L (1963), 189195, 204244; D (1999), 176185.43 L (1947), 337345, 363365; Bk K (2005), 228237.44 By (1969), 713, 1826; (1979), 104109.45 D (1999), 183.



29/487


30/487

20 zeev weiss

R N A.51 T -y CE L :52 - y, A , R W, y N A.

I , y f-y CE N F- B S y k . f , .

M P y R y A , . W- , N A, y , y CE xy . T , y f NF B, , , By .

Bibliography

A-R, E., W-Pk, J. (1980), Justinianic Mosaic Pavements inCyrenaican Churches (R: 1980).

A, M. (1996), L: A M F, Excavations and Surveys in Israel17 (1996),169172.

. (1999), L: A M P, Qadmoniot117 (1999), 4143 (H)A-Y, M. (1961), A Sx-Cy I S, Israel Exploration

Journal11 (1961), 182187.By, J. (1969), La grande mosaque de chasse du triclinos (Apame de Syrie) , M

yx , Cq, 10 (B: 1969).. (1979),Mosaque Antique de Syrie (B: 1979).. (1990), La mosaque de Sarrn [Osrhone] (P: 1990).. (1995),Mosaques antiques du Proche-Orient: chronologie, iconographie, interprta-

tion (P: 1995).Bk, L., K, C. (2005), Te Arts o Antioch: Art Historical and Scientic

Approaches to Roman Mosaics and a Catalogue o the Worcester Art Museum AntiochCollection (W, MA, P: 2005).

B, D. (1971), L N, Revue dgyptologie 23 (1971), 4965.Bk, G. W. (2004), T M I N F B S-: T H D G P (A.D. 51718?) HH A P,Journal o Roman Archaeology17 (2004), 764766.

51 D (1979), 3033.52 A (1996), 169172; (1999), 4143.



31/487


. (2006),Mosaics as History: Te Near East rom Late Antiquity to Islam (C L: 2006).

C, S. (1988), Te Mosaics o Antioch (: 1988).C, A. (1982), Filosoana: la villa di Piazza Armerina: immagine di un aristo-

cratico romano al tempo di Costantino [Te Villa o Piazza Armerina: Te Image o aRoman Aristocrat in the ime o Constantine], I (P: 1982).

Ck, F. (2002),Antioch Mosaics (I: 2002).Cy, P. A. (1991), T P Ax, : Te Seven Wonders o the Ancient

World, . P. Cy M. P (L: 1991), 138157.D, C. M. (1979), A R M P N, Israel Exploration

Journal29 (1979), 1133.D S, L. (1999), E D B P Palestina

Arabia, 47 ., : Te Roman and Byzantine Near East, II, . J. H. H-y, Journal o Roman ArchaeologyS. 31 (P, RI: 1999), 149178.

. (2002), Ax: Gk I N F B, : Te Romanand Byzantine Near East, III, . J. H. Hy,Journal o RomanArchaeologyS.49 (P, RI: 2002), 91100.

D, E. C. (1961), Byzantine Silver Stamps (W, DC: 1961).D, W. (1971), Late Roman Painting(L: 1971).D, M. (1983), Hammath iberias (J: 1983).Dy, G. (1961),A History o Antioch in Syria: From Seleucus to the Arab Conquest

(P: 1961).D, C. (1968), La mosaque des Amazones: ouilles dApame de Syrie (B:

1968).D, K. M. D. (1978), Te Mosaics o Roman North Arica: Studies in Iconography

and Patronage (Ox: 1978).. (1999), Mosaics o the Greek and Roman World (C N Yk:

1999).E, J.-E. (1998),Alexandria Rediscovered(N Yk: 1998).

F, R., R, E., ., C G,Opera

, III (L: 1929).F, L. (1965), L q q , : Colloque international surLa mosaque grco-romaine 1963 Paris, France (P: 1965), 137141.

F, P. M. (1972), Ptolemaic Alexandria, II (Ox: 1972).H, R. (1998), I E N S By M

P I, Palestine Exploration Quarterly(1998), 106120.H, S. (1971), A R C Ax, American Journal o

Archaeology75 (1971), 5774.Hk, J., Sy S: A M P S H-

E, : Culture and Society in Later Roman Antioch: Papers rom a Col-loquium, London, 15th December, 2001, . I. S J. Hk (Ox:2004), 134152.

J, M.-O. (1988), E, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologicae Classicae, IV.1(Z M: 1988), 120124.

Kky, L. (1982), T N, E, Ny,Journal o Egyptian Archaeol-ogy68 (1982), 290298.

K, C. (2000),Antioch: Te Lost Ancient City(P: 2000).L, I. (1963), T H M A T S, DumbartonOaks Papers 17 (1963), 181286.

L, D. (1947),Antioch Mosaic Pavements, III (P: 1947).L, J. H. W. G. (1972),Antioch: City and Imperial Administration in the Later

Roman Empire (Ox: 1972).My, P. G. P. (1995), Te Nile Mosaic o Palestrina: Early Evidence o Egyptian

Religion in Italy(L: 1995).M, D. (1987), Cypriot Mosaics (N: 1987).



32/487


33/487


W, S. (1992), M, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologicae Classicae, VI(Z M: 1992).

Z, N. (1966), T H Ky L B S, Israel Exploration Journal16 (1966), 123134.

Illustrations

F. 1. L y , N F B.

F. 2. H x j , N F B.

F. 3. k ; NF B.

F. 4. M A .F. 5. T N .F. 6. A: P q Cy .F. 7. A: W H .F. 8. E-Dj, H H.



34/487



35/487


36/487

26 rivka bensasson

u stibadium, mccu qu cuc.T c m pc p C um mucp, cp, mum mu mcu y m u uc , m ppc f J qu .

T y xp m J p C cpy. Sm cu pum m u J cm cum.

T m f stibadium pp m , c mu ppxmy 10 cm m; p Mp Muum A NY F. 1 Sc Mu B F. 2.T c y m cmp , B m c, c my p u cuc m Mp .

A z cmp . Tupp py Hy A, cu p, py c. T Mp y u c, B my y.8T A y muc : acroteria,pp y u . I B A fpc, m Mp c cum C cp. I c m A. N m c mp B . T u pc Succ fu y B , u my pc m p Mp . A c u c Mp .9 T B c stibadium u f . O Mp , p stibadium f c m z

8 T c um c c. H, myc cyc cumy By pp P. O cyc, S 1993, 1416 H.

9 T u c cu y Gu cc f Eucc ym. Gu 195358, . V, 5658.



37/487

ishtailes: jewish goldglasses revisited 27

.10 Immy cu, py .

B cy cp. cmp cp Mp , u , : I BIBASCVM EVLOGIACONP. Sc u cp. Gu , m eulogia , uy cx. O, : C)I BIBAS CVM EVLOGIA CONP(ARI), : Eu yu .11 Ay p . S pp cc P cu

u c c mz, u cu cpc m , uc f stibadium.12

T cp u z B :SALBODOMINO VIALE CVM COIVGE E FILIOS IPSORV FELIXBENER I V S. Fy m y ccp: G m V, c, m Fx Vu.13

Gu u u salvo, u cuc salvus, . H p c Scm: W G p V, c ppy,Vu. Scm u p py y Succ H R.14 Sm, uc ccuu , c Scm u : T m V, c, Fx Bu. S u cp m pcfc cc, uc u u u.15

T mp cuc cp cu m f u . Bu y

10 Au m Mp m, y pc stibadium f. I 1949 Guqu pc, u p py, cpc Mp Muum Byz cu. I m u M H E, muum p cu Byz m .

11 Gu 19531958, . II, 117.12 Ay 1921, 173.13 Fy 1936, . I, 382.14 Scm 1980,277278.15 Sm 1997, 291330.



38/487

28 rivka bensasson

y c qu, y f stibadium.

Ru m stibadium, u c mpc p C u cu Rm. T mc m c y c cuy; cu pp uu ucuy c x cuy, u u , cc m.16

Am c c m c uy . T p m pp c

stibadium pp m Amum cIy, m f cuy CE.17 I c f pc . Du m p , pp mmy c p. T up, up u c stibadium.18 Acc Du up p c c.19 O xmp u Rm ccm,uc mu ccm Cxu, cqu cuy CE F. 3.20

T , , xmp cc upc. Am m p S pm M u, u cuy.21 T c up pp stibadium, u f, y .

A m mu u qu D A f cuyVirgilius Romanus Vc.22 T qu u c stibadium; m u c

16 Du 2003,172.17 I., 7983.18 T pp c ppu cum c . I m

y uc c u f cu CE m up c kline c stibadium. Du c c pcc f pc u , uy cm y c u u.Tu u ym u u , stibadium m, pc triclinium. Du 1996, 6680.

19 Du 2003, 7983.20 I., 176.21 M B 1994, 112.22 Vc Cy, B. Ap. V., C. L. 3867 21 .100 . Buc 1996,

f. 66



39/487


p f , . Tcpc mu C , xmp, mc xcuy c S. Ap Nu R.T c pc L Supp. C p c stibadium. I m p f x .23

A xmp u f p. T S p qu u f c. T pcc mpz y ; p cu f stibades, m stibadium.24 A m

pp Mp , u uc p .

N m J p C c, c: p c pc J . T c pp my u p um fu, p ucuy J ccm V ucuy J p I Muum, cpc .25 Bu c up,c c c 26 pp y C c cx c cpy. A xmp uc my c ucuy Bc c M J u, c stibadium, f m, u m pc.27

W u u J m p C xmp uxp stibadium f qu cmm J ym, uc , m, u pc. T c stibadium m J ym uc u c.

23 Bucc 1990, 112, f. 1.24 Sc pc cu pp p u ,

Pzz Am mc. C, Rcc, D V. 1982, 175187, f. 94,p. XXIV; c. Du 1996, 76, . 41.

25 I Muum, . . 66.36.15. I 2001, c. . 462, 331 H.26 T L m convivium, , pc Gsymposium,

. Du 2003, 1213; 192193: T m C ccm p. I., 176177.

27 A stibadium c pp Bc c, pc I cuc G C. cz 2002, 102, f. 6, 7.



40/487

30 rivka bensasson

Vu xp ppc quc J cx. Sm c u J pc S m.28 K Wz, Su, u stibadium p yu, E A mcc.29 M pcfcy,y pp pc m cu pc yu pcp mccu m.K Wz u cm y u m uc ucu K Num yu. Tu u u m.

c mccu ucu ucuyyu S F. 4,30 c m puy . H, uy yu ccu c , , p C m, uc ccm p cu, y xc Rm.

Lzm u J u pc mmc/mu m cmm p u , , agape, rerigerium31 O c c uc pcfc, uc P c Mp ,32 H R y Succ, c B .33

cu y m, u c,y J, p uc f, um y cy. F m u cx. Tmpc S M34 muc u. T S c By mu, xmp, c c Jp, u f S. A y y, u p f, , cm c m.35 M G R, u u cuy, c

28 Scz 1911, 34; CW 1929, 132.29 K Wz 1916, 141143; Su 1932, 19.30 L 1990, 3684 H.31 By Lzm 1930, 23.32 Ay 1921, 173.33 Scm 1980, 278.34Mishnah Beitza 2:1; Nu 1988, Besah 293.35 By mu, c Sabbath 119. Ep, Seder Moed1938, 58.



41/487


u pp S: f , f y, c.36

I M f ccpu cc S m mc . T Pm 92, c L u mp S, S S, cc . 37

T c f E Dy c. F m Ez, pp D S u m, c u c 47:911.38 T cc m f u

y By mu. Sm m qu pp m L f u P: G m u c m .39 Au L y f u u m J y c, .40 Tu f L, c cc u Ez M, mc xp m f J cc ym.41

T cum Rm J f S m m p uc. Tu, xmp, Pu 3462 CEcu J f , c mc m up. Am , m u Jcum pc uy p u S:

Bu H y cm u, mp u y p c cu m, ppy u cu u , , yu yc yu p, u p S ccumc.42

36 M G R, 72:4; Ep, 664.37Mishnah, amid, 7:4; Nu 1988, 862.38 Rm y ppcy I 11:6 u c

u m: T m.39 By mu, Baba Batra 75. Ep 1938, Seder Kodashim, 299.40 By mu, Hulin 67. Ep 1938, Seder Moed, 364. I J

L py , mm mu, f, c cm ym mc , .., u Succ Am BM, Am Ly, M.B. 32, INF, . 136; WczB 1936,339380.

41 RN 1984,65; Scm 1980, 227228; Sc 1966, 4861.42 Pu, S V, 180184; Rmy 1963, 386389.



42/487

32 rivka bensasson

T f J mu cum Havraa, pc m mu mmy u. T cum m B: pp cm cu D . . .;43 m m m mu, cm m ; m m cup c m.44 Sm x u y Fu Jpu cum. H cu Acu, H , pp y mu . Jpu p u y mp J cum, y c

c.45 F m y c mu, cc pc mu m, y m, u cu m .46

I cumy u mu cmy: cup pc , m u mum. W u By Jummu.47 T um cup xc c f cu CE; f cup qu, u y m R H G cuy um uc .48 T c um cup uc cu cum u muc mmu m cc.49

P C pc p f, uc VirgiliusRomanus ccm p, py c ccppcc c . F, c c uxuy,50

fu agape qu,

cu , c, , , , u.51 Am C,

43 II Smu 3:35.44 Jm 16:7.45 Fu Jpu, Te Jewish War, II, 13; Tcy 1956, 323.46 By mu,Masekhtot Ktanot, Semakhot, 14, 13 H.47 By mu, Ktubot8; Seder Nashim, 3738; Jum mu, Brakhot

6. Gum 2000.48 F cmp cu xc , um ,

Ru 1997, 223233 H.49 T m pm cu y Cuc F u 155230 CE,

agape m m . u, De testim.anime. 4; c. Cum 1922, 55.

50 Py, Natural History9,104; Au, Deipnosophistae 3,116; c. Puc 1995,136137.

51 J 2000, 56.



43/487


f qu p Euc mc f.52

H m f stibadium u J uc ccm? I qu, u qu y p . My , J, p, C, cp PIE ZESES, c m . T cp, L G my u symposium, m c um , m. 53

B D B Jp Em py c p.C p , y ccu my p .54 B c Rm ccm p cx ,Sp L Sm cm ccu m mm y p .55T y c c Ax p, C Muum A PIE ZESEScp p , c u,56 c upp u m, my, u m . A f m cp, c um y .

I u y u pc ccm, c y .57H, y, my m m c, m u m m m cy mp. M, my pc cz m ccm, m m y c y m cp.58

52 C. M. 14:1321; 15:3239; M 6:3444; 8:110; 1420; Lu 9:1117; J6: 513.

53 K 1908, 861864; Gucc c p B [1864]; c. Em 196869, 7.

54 B 1971, . 7, 607; Em 196869, 910.55 Sm 2000, 51.56 Cy 1969, 253261.57 Aum W 1878, 99114; c. Em 196869, 7. cu

, xpc uy cp, J;Sc R 1935, 341346.

58 Sm 2000, 190.



44/487

34 rivka bensasson

I u ppc m c .59

I xp u J cu cuy f.Acc c u f cu cmm u, u cu m, u m , u py. G xmp fcuy cup c u M Pmp u Bc, pp ucuy u

p, xc m S Ku Sz.60 my ucuy Ax p m , c.

I u Havraa, S mc m, pc cJ Rm uc Jpu Pu cc fcc upp , my cm ccu u p cup. W c um uc p m py f, c uxuy cc . my m py cc p f p stibadium, cmmc p uppc m C p J.61 A uxuy , cu u S m J , uc y Ym Kppu.Tu, xmp, u Rm Rm f m.Fy J u y pc, y y Ym Kppu. H pcu p u f.62

T p cu u u mup, u u y . W mu c y c

mu. I y m c pp u py p, p pp c c

59 E 1998, 233.60 Du 2003, 162.61 I., 196198.62 Genesis Rabbah 11: 4; Ep 1951, 83.



45/487


46/487

36 rivka bensasson

T ccumu m u ym J u y uc m puu cm . T my xp p pcm ,69 p p70 cmmm u J .71

Bibliography

Primary SourcesAu 195967, Deipnosophistae,. C. B. Guc L: 195967.Te Babylonian almud1938, . I. Ep, L: 1938, 18 .

Midrash Rabbah 1951, . I. Ep, L Bumu: 1951, 10 .Fu Jpu 1956, Te Jewish War, . J. Tcy L Cm,

MA: 1956, 7 .Te Jerusalem almud, ractate Berakhot2000, . H. W. Gum B

N Y: 2000.Te Mishnah: A New ranslation 1988, . J. Nu N H L,

1988, 10 .Pu, A. F. 1963,Juvenal and Persius:Satires, . G. G. Rmy L Cm

, MA: 1963.Py 195866, Natural History, . H. Rcm L: 195866, 10 .Te Bible, Authorized Version 1954, . J. S L: 1954.

General Bibliography

Am, D. 2000, T Cu Wu B Rm Tm Ym 54: AcSyu Dpc, : From Dura to Sepphoris: Studies in Jewish Art and Societyin Late Antiquity, . L. I. L Z. W Pmu, RI: 2000, 231234.

Ay, C. L. 1921, Ey C G G, Bulletin o the Metropolitan Museumo Art16 1921, 170175.

69 I c my u m m cubiculum, py cp. O u . A c u, uc ucuy ccm Pmpu; Mc 1998, 48. I y um cc cu xc m; , m c y y m m; m m m c; Em196869, 1112; B 1981, 99.

70 A m p m, uc cm, c, , c., pc m C p ccm; Mc 1998; c. B 1981, 99.

71 F m J uy cum, uz c p cm m, Gc 1997, 131139; 45147.



47/487


Aum W, E. 1878, Rmc G u Smmu H CDc zu K, Bonner Jahrbuch 63 1878, 99114.

B, D. 1971, S. V. G, : Encyclopedia Judaica Jum: 1971, 19 .. 1981, A J GG M m Rm, : Israel Exploration Journal

Readers, .H. OyN Y: 1981, 666671.By, H. W., Lzm, H. 1930, Die jdische Katakombe der Villa orlonia in

Rom B Lpz: 1930.B, G. 1972, A Rm G S Pc Ju II, Israel Explora-

tion Journal22 1972, 150152.Buc, M., . 1996, V Cc. Luz c

m m, Bc Apc Vc Ex Cu Rm: 1996.

Bucc, G. 1990, Ravenne, capitale de la mosaque R: 1990.C, A., Rcc, A., D V, M. 1982, Ff: T V Pzz Am

, T Im Rm Ac m C Pm: 1982.CW, E. 1929, Die jdische KunstB: 1929.Cy, J. D. 1969, T G Ax P, Bulletin o the Cleveland Museum

o Art56 1969, 253261.Duc, R., . 2003, Shlomo: Studies in Epigraphy, Iconography, History and Archaeol-

ogy in Honor o Shlomo Moussaief AJ: 2003.Du, K. 1996, C Spc: D Em Rm V,

Journal o Roman Archaeology9 1996, 6680.. 2003, T Rm Bqu: Im Cy N Y: 2003.E, J. 1998, Imperial Rome and Christian riumph Ox N Y:

1998.Em, J. 196869, Bmu zu Spmc G m G,

Jahrbuch r Antike und Christentum 1112 196869, 725.. 1969, Reallexikon r Antike und Christentum Su: 1969, 7.F, S. 2005, B Rm Jum: T D Pm J Sym,

Art and Judaism in the Greco-Roman WorldCm, UK: 2005.Fy, V. 1936, Corpus Inscriptorum Iudaicarum Vc Cy: 1936, 2 .Gucc, R. 1858, Vetri Ornati di gure in oro, nei cimiteri dei Cristiani primitivi di

Roma Rm: 1858.Gc, S. 1997, L H D: T R B M Mu

Cum J E: 1997 H.Gu, E. 195358, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period N Y:

195358, 13 .J, R. M. 2000, Understanding Early Christian ArtL N Y: 2000.K, A. 2003, Lu E Sym J Iy, : Shlomo: Studies

in Epigraphy, Iconography, History and Archaeology in Honor o Shlomo Moussaief,. R. Duc AJ: 2003, 139145.

K, A. 1908, Das Glas im Altertume Lpz: 1908.K, H., C. Wz, 1916,Antike Synagogen in Galilea Lpz: 1916.I, Y., . 1998, In the Light o the Menorah: Story o a Symbol, Ex C

u Jum: 1998.

. 2001,Antique Glass in the Israel Museum Jum: 2001 H.L, H. 1960, Te Jews o Ancient Rome Pp: 1960.L, L. I. 1990, T I Ac Syu Fu: Fm

Cmmu C L Scuy, Cathedra 60 1990, 3684 H., Z. W, . 2000 From Dura to Sepphoris: Studies in Jewish Art and Society

in Late Antiquity Pmu, RI: 2000.Mc, F. 1998, T Ccm Rm O Cy Fc:

1998.



48/487

38 rivka bensasson

M, M. M., B, A. 1994, Te Sevso reasure A A MI: 1994Puc, N. 1995, E F: T Px S, : Food in Antiquity, .

J. W, D. Hy, M. D Ex, UK: 1995, 132149.RN, E. 1984, Le Signe de la rencontre. Larche dAlliance dans lart jui et

chrtien du IIe au Xe sicles P: 1984.. 198687, L Ac Pm: ymm EzI

cp u u my ,Jewish Art1213 198687, 135146.Rm, P. 1944, Jewish Symbols on Ancient Jewish Coins Pp: 1944.R, C. 1953, J Ac C A, Journal o the Warburg and

Courtauld Institutes 16 1953, 2444.Ru, N. 1997, Te End o Lie: Rite o Burial and Mourning in the almud and

Midrash A: 1997.Ru, L. V., B, K., J, A. F. M., P, I. 2005, Rc

D: J Ip C Ccm, Nature 436 21 Juy 2005, 339

Scz, I. 1911, D FcSym m Juum u Cum,Archiv rReligionswissenscha14 1911, 1853.

Scm, . M. 1980, E Jc G ccyzcSmmu, Forschungen und Berichte 2021 1980, 273280.

Sc, I. 1966, A N J G G, Journal o Glass Studies 8 1966,4861.

Sc, M. M., R A. 1935, E c G m Spuccu Rm, Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana 12/34 1935, 341346.

S, A. 1993, T Bc Sy Rc Amc A:1993 H.

Sm, M. 1997, Zu Duu p c Ic, Zeitschrir Religions u Gcc 49 1997, 29130.

Sm, S. L. 2000, Gold-glass Vessels o the Late Roman Empire: Production, Context,and Function, Upu P.D. T, T S Uy N Jy.

Sp, D. 1967, T Hy M, Te Journal o Jewish Studies 261967, 135139.

Su, L. 1932, Te Ancient Synagogue o Beth Alpha Jum: 1932.cz, C. B. 2002, T Ky Bc C: ypy Ey C

Im P: 2002.W, J., Hy, D., D, M., . 1995, Food in Antiquity Ex, UK:

1995.WczB, R. 1935, Symbole und Gestalten der jdischen Kunst B:

1935.. 1936, D Mc H c Ku,Monatsschri r Geschichte

und Wissenscha des Judentums, 80/5 1936, 339380Y, L. 1971, Te ree o Light: A Study o the Menorah-the Seven-Branched Lamp-

standL: 1971.

Illustrations

F. 1. J . Rm ccm u u cuy, N Y,T Mp Muum A.

F. 2. J . Rm, py J ccm V R,u cuy, B, Sc Mu zu B, FccyzcSmmu.

F. 3. Eucc qu. Ccm Cxu, Rm, p, c qu cuy.

F. 4. S yu, u p, u cuy.



49/487

JEWISH AR IN LAE ANIQUIYAN EXAMPLE OF JEWISH IDENIY

K S (d. F. 4, 2007)

Po o dg v o o om md pod pom dmog o o J d, o

v o ddd: dvopm o J d x d xpo o d ox o H .

T Jd dpod f 598 BCE d 587BCE d og o Bo m J pop x zd gm pv o v .T md Boo o Ez (6:17) dpo o oo o Sod mp 515 BCE. Tg x od v -go pfo og o I . . . opodg o m o o I,1 vog o o dg A o 722 BCE. Mo o popo o d md o pg vom. T Boo o o mo xd Iogg o o No o md , mg mg om o doog o Jd doom om. Evd o d o go o xd I xd Jd od o Ez 37:1528 d Jm 50:4. I op, o od, R. Av d R. Ez Ho d o o o o , om vg d o.

T o , md d o o mg o dg. T do o o od o100 po o doom om. Aodg o Doom

26:1719 Cov God md I dood m

K S md d o oo mo o dd oF 4, 2007. T d, Gm, dd o o d ooo.W g , do mpd o povd x ooo; , ov, o omp.

1 Eg o om B d o Te Oxord Study Bible (1976).



50/487

40 kurt schubert

gm ogo o o d. Doom 7:6 d: . . . oo pop o o Lod o God, d H o oo o pop o o H p poo.

Ao o od o d xd Jd, d m o dvop o og o d Bo dpo. O pp dpod, dd o d.Moov, dpod Jd d od omm.Aodg o Ez 1:1, vd Rv K, mo g f o go ppo. Jm 29:114,

o xd Jd, d xd od pom go mod d d omm -dfdgo om d omm d.

Og o d o omm d go d xom o Jd pd o m Bo C d 539 BCE, o o o o og. Mo oom d po m o o pomo.A 450 BCE o po o mo mpo om oo , Ez d Nm. Ez, p, d o Ez 7:12 d o God o v, mo dg go o o g P dmo. Hm v pd o gop d pd ov PEmp. Nm, o o d, vd om pooo o o govo o Jd.

T dmo o J omm Bo d d J o og omm dd om Jm 29:1: Jm omJm o d o mog x, o p,pop, d pop om Ndzz d dpod omJm o Bo. Aodg o Ez 8:1 o Coo Ed, mod g Ez 14:1: Som o Ed o Ivd m; d Ez 20:1: O d o f mo v , om o Ed o I m o o God d

g m.T omm dvopd ppo o vo d

ddg o , m m PSo. Comm dvopd d oo-go .Foog G 2:3, S odd mmo od o Co. Fom G 9:4, poo g



51/487


52/487

42 kurt schubert

Ld o I. I gdd vg op o , odv vov o m o m xpo.

T o o o d o vd o pog, o oo o mp dmo. I o pop, o o o dpd f o o I fg p o Cov, , o I - o God, og pvd Boo o Doom ddoom oogp. Pm v God od; po dv o o gd g o o oo. I Lv 26:25 d o oo: I g

od g o o vg Cov. T o pop ddvopd o o dfd d og doom vom og .

T Io v o o d m o Bo oo God. Jm 50:23, o xmp, d: Dmog o, m pomo; p og , pd ; Bo , B p o m, Md dmd; doo Bo p o m, god dmd. A o om o o o g ; m d do o o vg . . . Y mo xp v xpd Sod I (I. 44:2845:4): I d o C: Yo mpd o f m ppo, o Jm m d odo o mp d, g o C v-o ov Ko o Ld 546 BCE d o o Bo 539 BCE.

T g po po o g Co Pop dvopd o oog o o. Ho m g o God dg I d g m. I md o o f o oog o ovo. T om p ox o Emp oEx, g o Rom Emp. Hov Romod dvo, I po God. T Bo md po pod R. Jd

I, R. Yo H, d R. Smo Yo ovg po m o Jd. R. Jd I pd o Rom, d pz, dg d , odo vm o od p. R. Smo Yo,ov, o d v: dg d od o v o o o x; fd po, d



53/487

jewish art in late antiquity 43

o o o mm. Fo oGod Rom dd og.2

Hellenistic Synchretism as a Hermeneutic Means toward anEmphasis o Identity

A g o Jop Fv,3 o-podg do, o o Mo dMo theios aner, m, ovd om gg -

o o God. Jop po Egp oo o om md o H dd Po od g I d do Egp.Foog po pop, Po gv od o om I.

God od Mo , Amm, o ood, Mo od vd. Og o dv voMo d o v o d o vdo Po p. Mo, g dd N, dovd Tm, Po dg ( do m B),o d d po o od m. Aodgo o, Po dg o oo o o . S d go do o v o om po ooog o vom do pvd o. Mo, d ovg o kashrut d g m o doo , o d o o mo d.Tm, o d, dopd d o dv pp.S od m o , o p o o d d.I mom o p Mo o oo oo. TEgp o, mod o, zd mp-o d dmdd Mo d. Po, ov, gdd God, d o d.

2 Babylonian almud, Shabbat 33; o Eg o, Ep (1938),vo. 2, p. 1, 154158.

3Antiquitates 2:9,27; o Eg o, Fdm (2000), 195.



54/487

44 kurt schubert

Aodg o vo, Mo m o p oPo o. T o o Egp o pd oo, Jo, Jo, d Bm:

W d o [d] o oo o o d p o o d. I od o o om d o, dpv o o o p. Som d od d; opopod o m. Jo mog m d d d doo do g o o o. L m; g o m d god d o gog o. Sod o m o god o o. Sod o o, o do o o d

od o x m. [T d] og o m d Mod o o god. G m d movd d o o gog o. H oo o o mo d og.To o o p d og (Ex. 4:10)4

T v o Mo theios anero vd o m oRom -Jdm gd o o do, p-o, xopo, d o . Apoo Moo, o xmp,md gv Mo gdd J o v do v. H dd J mo dd o -, o o vo.5 J poog mpd m o xggo. Mo, d Ao, vd o

G poop; o, odd, Pgo, So,d Po dd o. Aodg o o J poog,Ap, Egp d o g o Mo.Epom dd Mo vo o p. A m mgo Mo om g o Po o Axd f o Commo E:

o vd om d p, om dd om gog o d pov o Egp, o mmod omG d pom o g d. B o m dvdod p; gd od o,o md o oo o g, ddd m dvd d popodd pom od

o ov.6

4 Exodus Rabbah, p. 1:26 o Ex. 2:10; S (1984), 82.5 Jop Fv, Contra Apionem 2:14; T (1926), vo. 1, 351.6 Po o Axd, De vita Mosis 1:21; Coo d W (1962), vo. 6,

286287.



55/487


Ad :

Ad o m om G go dd opd om mo d o Mo m g o pd vd. . . .7

Aodg o Boo o Pov (8:22), God d od g Wdom, dfd , do, o:

T o p: I o-p o Ho O, d H. I pd p o od, mo g d

p, do o d o o o d, oo o-p. Ad [ o o pp] o-p do o d o o o d, dg d dgm, o o o o o oom d doo. T Ho O, d H,od o H d od. So o d: Bm o gg dd God . . . (G. 1:1). Ad od ogg o o o, Sp , Lod mdm gg o . (Pov. 8:22)8

Sm, Po o exemplum o m d,9 od-g o o J omopo, o vopod o od d Co. T po oJ om o pop o oog d om

v.

Jewish Imagery: Synchretism and Identity

A p xpo o Mo God o dm, theios aner, pp m (dd o 244245 CE) o o gog D Eopo mod S (Fg. 1).10 o g, o d g p Egp. o mg o Po P om d o o, d d oo. T pog o om, o

7 Po o Axd, De specialibus legibus 4:61, d., vo. 8, 4447.8 Bereshit Rabbah, p. 1, Todo d A (1965), 114; o Eg -

o, N (1985), vo. 1, 120.9 Po o Axd, De opifcio mundi 1620; Coo d W (1962), vo. 1,

1417 o Eg vo, R (2001), 5051.10 Fo po o m om gog o D Eopo,

Goodog (1968).



56/487

46 kurt schubert

g dpo o mdv xpg I omgv d , dvg o v o md, o Po od o m o o d o.I o o m , o mo dod, om dg d. A Mo dov -d: d p odg , m o d. W g m po o om o pp d o o mdv g o m.

L po xp mdv o o I v ddo df

m Mo mo d .11 Sm, d fg o p dg opod o dd-g o B x Exod 2:5: S d o m(ammatah).12 I god dmd , vo d. T , p o o g o om mp, o o o Go-Rom o d p o theios aner. A mo og o Axd G No Mm o B oogp. A m o oogp o Gtheios aner ovd Mo od o H. Mo, ov, do o p o o o G o, o vo d mdo o dv .

T o, odd dv gv God o H pop, o g o I o o God d g o o-.13 T d fd xpo o m (C?)om o- V L Rom (Fg. 2 d 3).14 T o p o o o o o po C d po o op o MoS (p vo Cm O) m v . B md mg d J pomod. I o vo, f od Cm C d od

11 Babylonian almud, Sota 11, o Eg o, Ep (1938),vo. 3, p. 6, 5657; Am gmm o Ex. 1:15; o Eg o, Dz(1990), 3643; M (1994), 162; d., 13.

12 Babylonian almud, Sota 12, o Eg o, Ep (1938),vo. 3, p. 6, 6268; Exodus Rabbah p. 1:23 o Ex. 2:5; S (1984), 75.

13Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, Bahodesh 5 o Ex. 20:2, L Ego (1933), vo. 2, 229237.

14 F (1991).



57/487


Cm O, S vo p o pogmm ox dpo o Cog o Rd S.

T m Cm O p Mo g o I, g, o dfo theios aner. I vo Cm C, Mo S o m mpoovg v p dg p o , d dood o g god o xg. I oo mo Mo mgd gdg I, om o mo d og vd dog T poppd p dog o vd, ppd dg

og o d g m o od (Ex. 12:34).Nmo do p mog v d-d, Zo, d S. O o x xp od dd(sulam) d S v m m v 130.15 Ao xo o og o Mo S:

W dd S om? R. Jo g: O o Mo Mo, o o p o I d od f, S pd p poo pd o o d. Fo Ho O,d H, d: S I od po p, fg d v o po .16

I Cm C, S d o dpo o Bdg

o I. Aodg o v om Hekhalot , v p dg o mpo pd vfmm d o vo o God.

Bo mg o Mo pp p o m, o odg Hd o God d vg o . I oMo dg x o od d om o f. Ao x d god o po d: A m Mo o go p o g, od m d do o o m. Mo dd o o o mo oo od o . Tpo mo o od op d d . . . Ad od ovd Mo d d m p. 17Hov, o mg do o opod . T mo g

15 Genesis Rabbah p. 68:2 o G. 28:12, Todo d A (1965), vo. 2, 770;N (1985), vo. 3, 12.

16Midrash ehillim o P 68:15, B (1890), 320; o Eg o, Bd (1959), vo. 1, 544.

17 Pesiqta Rabbati 20:4, I-Som (1963), 96, o Eg o, Bd(1968), vo. 1, 405.



58/487

48 kurt schubert

d m ddo o fg o Lz o mpo Cm O, gv mg o o C m o vo. I vo CmC, Bdg o I o x o S vo, Cm O xpo dpo o D Lo D.T D m v ommo C dp op o vo.18 I gg pm oom o C po o ogJ po mod.

T m ov o gog D-Eopo

o o dmo o dv o J pop. I oog I o o og o p d o o g d ddo(Fg. 4 d 5). Ad o o p o m fd mg o mp m pdpo o o d B-Ko 132135 (Ldm, vom, Fg. 5). Nx o mp dg d mo, og, d v. T g-d o o po Bdg o I, d ov domd g . A mp d Bdg o I povdd pox p,19 d od x.20 T dpo o Bdg o I dood o g god o omm. Foxmp, g p o mg, x o Hd o God o fg dg opg. I dd fg d ,21 d ggd p Im, I-o. R o Im pvo omd pop, mpzd x o fg. Moov, do o xp Im d o Am d

18 Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer31, L (1852); o Eg o, Fdd(1981), 223230. I od od, ov, , odg o mo Co, Bdg o I o d o m o vo.

19 2 C 3:1; J 8:13; o Eg o o Boo o J, VdKm (1989); Jop Fv, Antiquitates 1:13,2; o Eg o, Fdm (2000), 88.

20 Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer31, Fdd (1981), 227.21 S (1975), 14.



59/487


dp Im d I o o P g .22

Bod do, ov mp mg p oL (Fg. 5), d g o L o mo og. Sm, ddg o oL mo o oog mg o o mom p: R. Smo Yo d: T o o o, : [dom] o o oo gp (Pov. 3:18).23 O o Am gmm xp:Fo L o o o d d o o

ov pp v d d o odo om. T L good o o o v od o o .24

Ev do o Jm d mp, fm mog o o o CoPop d o om o d. A f o od R. Smo Yo xpd S, dv dg, ood I o x,25 d o od xpH o p p omm gg gog:Wv po m gog S m, d: God d oggo o God (P 82:1).26Og o dpo o J Pop, S o og ofd o p o, d d m d o ddg o gog o (hagiostopos Go athra qadishah Am).

T d o gog o og mpzd mg o oo mo o B Ap dSppo gog (Fg. 6). Ag, o p o oo om pom oogp o zod. O p o md mg m o d d po

22 Babylonian almud, Sanhedrin 89, o Eg o, Ep (1938),vo. 4, p. 6, 593597; Genesis Rabbah, p. 55:4 o G. 22:1, Todo d A(1965), vo. 2, 715; o Eg o, N (1985), vo. 2, 269270;argum Yerushalmi, G. 22:1.

23 Genesis Rabbah, p. 12:6 o G. 2:4; Todo d A (1965), vo. 1, 105.24 argum Neophyti o G. 3:24, Dz Mo (1968), 19; o Eg vo,

d. 505.25 Babylonischer almud, Megilla 29; o Eg o, Ep (1938),

vo. 2. p. 8, 7478.26Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, Bahodesh 11 o Ex. 20:23; L (1933), vo. 2,

284292.



60/487

50 kurt schubert

opod gog g d v o-p pomd g. T ddg o zod g g god o o d d- dpo o mp mpm, oogp pogm og gog g d mp v.T Jm md xp p og o d o pop oo, d po o p omo opom p f. T m x o o do God d gog d oo.27 I o po zod moz m o po p

p o To o God, pd mo o B Ap o -d ov o .

I Sppo pogm od o p o-g vo p o mp . Zv W o mp o m o dmpo.28 o m dd gv xpo o og gog p d o mp og. T Am o B Ap d Sppo o vd o ddg o gog o . W v ,, dmoo o o po-70 Jdm ovm op o do o og oog op. I m o po o o o ovom m odo d gg o d d d o H mg d po od og.

Bibliography

Primary Sources

Te Oxord Study Bible (1976), d. M. J. Sgg, K. D. Sd, d J. R. M (NYo: 1992).

Bd, W. G., d. d . (1959), Midrash on Psalms (N Hv: 1959).. (1968), Pesikta Rabbati. Discourses or Feasts, Fasts, and Special Sabbaths , (N

Hv d Lodo: 1968).Fdm, L. H., d. d . (2000), Flavius Josephus. ranslation and Commentary, vo. 3:

Judean Antiquities 14 (Ld, Boo, d Coog: 2000).

27Jerusalem almud, Berakhot V (8d oom); o Eg o, N(198999), vo. 1, 195196.

28 W (2005), p. 5.



61/487


Fdd G., d. (1981), Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer: According to the ext o the ManuscriptBelonging to Abraham Epstein o Vienna (Lodo: 1981).

Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael (1933), d. J. Z. L o o Eg(Pdp: 1933).

Midrash Bereshit Rabbah (1965),d. Y. Todo d H. A (Jm: 1965).Midrash ehillim o Pm 68:15 (1890), d. B, S. (V: 1890).N, J., d. (1985), Genesis Rabbah: Te Judaic Commentary to the Book o Genesis:

A New American ranslation (A: 1985).. (198999), Te almud o the Land o Israel. A Preliminary ranslation and Expla-

nation, (A: 198999).Pesiqta Rabbati (1962), d. M. I-Som ( Avv: 1962).Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer(1970), d. D. L (W: 1852, p. Jm: 1970).R, D. ., d. d . (2001), On the Creation o the Cosmos According to Moses

(Ld: 2001).

S, A., d. (1984), Shmot Rabbah (Jm: 1984).argum Neofti, d. A. Dz Mo (Mdd d Bo: 1968).argum Onkelos, d. d . I. Dz (Hoo: 1990).argum Pseudo-Jonathan, d. d . M. M (Cogv: 1994).T, H. S. J. (1926), d. d ., Josephus (Cmdg, M.: 192665).VdKm, J. C., d., (1989), Te Book o Jubilees: A Critical ext (Lov: 1989).

General Bibliography

F, A. (1991), Te Unknown Catacomb (N L, UK: 1991).Goodog, E. (1968),Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period(N Yo: 1968).S K. (1975), D Bdg d Bd d Ag p Sgo-

g, dg m Bp d o d Sgog vo D Eopo,Kairos 17 (1975).

W, Z. (2005), Te Sepphoris Synagogue. Deciphering an Ancient Message through ItsArchaeological and Socio-Historical Contexts

(Jm: 2005).

Illustrations

Fg. 1. Sgog o D Eopo, S, 244245, I o Mo.Fg. 2. V L Com, Rom, f o o , C, I

Mo S.Fg. 3. V L Com, Rom, f o o , O, I

Mo S (Ro o Lz).Fg. 4. Sgog o D Eopo, S, 24445, o S.Fg. 5. Sgog o D Eopo, S, 24445, oo o m ov

o S: o L.Fg. 6. Sgog o B Ap, x , mo pvm.



62/487


63/487

PAR WO

EARLY CHRISIAN AR



64/487


65/487

JONAS OF AQUILEIAA GESURE O CONSANINE HE GREA

M S U

A f c dpc J cyc dd by c w xcvd h c h h h h

pch Chch A. Ahh bh J d c w pp bc R d y Ch , h h y kw xp ch cb (F. 1).1 I cphc h d ch h h h J cw ddd c h h w dpd Ch c h b h h cy wh hy d w h cc.2 I wh w, I dc hhc cx whch h c w xcd d h w ccvd h b . Ry hcvdc, w cp d cphc y, I h h c h wk, cd d h pv- h bhp A, Td (c. 314319), C h G. Mv, k h wh, hc hd hc-pc cc, c c fch D cvy h dvpd Nh Ac w hd Dc pc Ch h b hh cy.3

T pc h J y h y Ch w bd, d , h hy h Nw :

T h cb d Ph d h, ch, w wh y. B h wd h, v d d k ; b h b v xcp h h pph J. F J w h dy d h h h

1 T chch d c hv b dd vy c h f wdcvd h d h h cy. T bc wk h chch d c : Lckk, Swbd, d N (1906); Ccch (1933); Mb(1953); B d Zv (1957); M (1958); M (1971); M (1986).

2 Rw (1994), 97109; Schch (1977), 233307.3 O h D chch Fd (1985).



66/487

56 margo stroumsa uzan

by h wh, w h S M b h dy d h h h h h h. T Nvh w h dwh h d cd ; hy pd h pch J, d bhd, h h J h. (M. 12:3841;c. Lk 11:2932)4

J pc fcd y Ch by -b h dpc h J cyc d b dp.5 M h dpc b y cx:ccb w (.., h -cd Ccb Ay, V App,d S P d Mc), d cph (ch h Chd

cph h Ny Cb Gyph Cph d h cph d h Mc S G Gy R).6

A dd cphc w dy cdd hy Ch pd. I h p, h cw ch h J y: (1) T hw J h b, b wwd by h b h dpcd K();7 (2) J cd h h h d d;(3) J d h Qiqayon,8 whch pd by p h ccb y, cch-hpd h bv h.9T h c xpd wh dpc h hh pp y , ch h Gd Shphd, h O,h Phph, Ad d Ev, Nh, D, T Hbw.

4 A My d M (1988).5 M h 250 dpc J y Ch dcbd d h

y J; Cb d Lcc (1927), 25722631. S Wp (192936); F- (1962), 769. O h J y Ch hy, Dv (1973).

6 T J dpc cph d ccb w y xpdby h fc Jwh x h y Ch y; Fy d D(1985), 671697. I h h J, d hh vd by Gd h Jwh py Mi sheana, cd d h Dy A-, d by h Ordo Commendationis Animae.

7 T b h h Hbw x (dag gaddol) w d h Spby h wd K wh c h Nd, dchd hd Oc, Gk yhy. O h K , Bd (198199),

v. VIII, 1, 731736.8 O h d p h p Rb (1985/3), 390403.9 T chc p h ccb y p h qiqayon c

h b hw wkd: hy dd y y h bbc x, b d h d d c. P h ccb y(d, h, d ccb) w wdy d R d, h bdv hdd p; F (1998), 36.



67/487


68/487


T f dvdd c. T h c h w bdvdd h c h cdd p, Ch yb, ch h Gd Shphdd Vcy, , d p , w c dc.T y J dpcd h h p h f c, h d h h (F. 1).

T ywy cd h h w, w d. Tc h f h wdh h h; v d h; d cp d ch wy h b dd wh vwd d h

h. A bv ppchd h p h h, hy wh y J vd. T bd h p h J p hc h h f pvd h pp h , h wd, h cd h chch.

A d bv, h h w bc h Jch c d h J y . Uk hy J, Ch pc p xcc, h c w d -Ch R f c, y xp whch w d Nh Ac.13 T, ch w d hk, ddby, h h A c w xcd w ph: h , c h d h hd cy b hh w d chch, hw h h b d h hh h ck, d h cd, h J cyc dh cp dd Ch h h, ppxy wyy .14 T p wd k y cphc, yc, cp cc bw h w bc h ccd.Hwv, h cp, h h, d h y h h w p h c w vd y. Mv, h J y pp hv cd pc h b h D, ccvb h h p-c d hc ccc d whch h c w xcdw pb h xp d h h cp.

13 T c p dvp h Nc c. T dd h h bc Nc cp R . I dpc h h hd, , d, w, d bk. Ech h hd p d- d c v; A (1958), XII, 43.

14 Rw (1994), 97109; Schch (1997), 233307.



69/487

jonas o aquileia 59

T D v d Nh Ac h dcd h h cy. Nd D M, bhp Ch 315 h dh c. 355, h D cdd bhpwh hd cbd wh h p h d h p-c Dc (303), bc hy dd p hy bkd c. T D cd h bhp traditores, by, dd h hy w b d h chch hy hd h c h Hy Sp d h cd dh c cvy. Wh M, bhp Ch, dd 311, Cc w dd h cc by Fx, bhp

Ap. T D cd h , cd Fx traditor, d ddM (d. 315) h pc.15

A v cc p v h pb, A314 C vd y-x bhp d h chch h Ch c h Ep, cd Td, bhp A, yd A, d h Ccd M. Sx h d c G, Iy, Ac, x Sp, h B, d D.16 T dcd h yd w d cpbw Cc d M, bh c b bhp C-h, b C cdd h cc hv pccc: v h D h, dy dpp Nh Ac, h p d.17 Cbvd w h dy pbc d d Ch y,php ch bc h w dpy Ch, b bc hw h wy cd h pc bcv v dchc v d h dc h chch.18

T c h w A pv w d A,Bhp Td d dc d Ah, h vpc h cy. Mv, Td h

15 Fd (1985), 324, 141168.16 Gd (1977), 11; Dv (1981), 58.17 Eb c C C, bhp Ch,

312/3. I C h bhp y, whch b py h Chc chch Nh Ac, Nd, d M; Eb(1981), 406407. Op, bhp Mv d h cd h h h c-y, c ppdy by C A (Ap?), h v Nh Ac 313, whch C pk h dv hEp; Op(1997), 181184.

18 Ed (1977), c v p cc C cv;Dv(1981), 58; K(1981), 6366.



70/487


71/487

jonas o aquileia 61

Chch. T why h wh c h D S pd b h bck h h h Chc h.

I h h pd h d h A c.C c vk h J y: J p cp Gd by hh; h b h Gd wb kw h h c; h dk h h by, whh pyd Gd hp; h ccpc Gd hp v hh hw why ; d y h Gd vd h h w S-K, d wd h v h c Nvh c dy hh c h h.

T chc J d h f h A chch y ppp C hc w hpc . I -chd h Td d hc A cd k h cc bw Cwd d h J y. I d k h cc vdc pb, hy pd h c : hh dc, C w v Gd cp by v hD h ppy p wh ph. T NhAc bhp w pbby wh h w (dd c. 225), C Axd (dd c. 215), d O (ddc. 254), h Ac h wh cd J. I h Against Marcion, phd Gd cp h hb- Nvh,22 d C Axd, h Stromata, pd J pc.23 W kw h O d h y h pph v cc (hh h cy J w ).24 Accd J In Ionam, O w Jdp h d y Gd d. Wh Jw h cd v h, Gd d h c h y. Hc, h J y p Ch;h p vy traditorbhp wh h hv cbdwh R h h Dc pc.

T J y xp h cp d cy Gd. Tdpcd y pd h h traditores d h C-

h, wh w pcd hv pcd Ch

22 Mc bvd w dh c c d h c Ch. F -, h bk J w d hw h h Od Gd w c h h Gd h Nw , hy w . Dv (1973), 169.

23 Dv (1973), 103104, 186.24 Ibd., 191211.



72/487


b h cv. Dp C c - wh h D, w 321 h h d h hby c ccd h ccc d dcd h h p dp bw h d h Ohdx Chch hd b h d Gd.25

Wh Td w vd A, h w pbby dy hk- h ppp dc h chch. I hd b b y c Chy hd bc . W d kw wh x Td w w h d hD ch Nh Ac pb cc. H

Nh Ac c, hwv, wh w cfc whh D, w dbdy d -D pp-d c h Md. I h b hTd w fcd by h d h ccp h c.

I y d h J c h bckd -D pc cc, pb h h pv wpdcd d C v A 318319, yb h p h. T ch Mx (286305),C h--w hh h dh F, hd pc A. C vd h 318 d hprocessus consularis (pbc ppc h p), whch whd h 319.26 I h p pc h Cw dd h h h cc h chch, whchk pc h hy b hy Td dh. Bh c-c vdc pp h p.

A h bckd, I b h h J c c pc w hc , ppvd by C h-. Th h v cc C w b dv

25 E(1996), 9394. T kby d b D, wh y y d v h vd c h chch Nh Ac, fc h h D ch wd wh h Chc Chch.D h , D w chd d h chch; h ww d d h y vd h dh. H w xd 347 ddd b 355, wdy dd y. H w ccdd h ph Dh G d h cc Ac h b cpd h Ah Eyp. Uk Ah, hwv, h w h d h vy dph. H w y ckwdd v d, b h ppdyd h xv w.

26 Tprocessus consularis cd d c d A h, B (1966), v. 8, 388.



73/487

jonas o aquileia 63

c h bhp d h pp: h h Chc wh y ppvd h; h h ppvd h bhp c; hh w y b h p; d h h hd dpyd d d c bhv wd h D.

T bv ccp h pc d hc cx pb whch h c w dd. Dc- h cphc d cp pc y pvd hh h ccc d whch w xcd. Ahh dd x h y wd hv b , h pb w h xv h h c

h bc v h y. A pc cd h yd y c yc dc y pdc h c h y h bw h Jcyc d h c.

T w bcJ d h hcd hv yd cphc cc hy w pd cp. A v c h b hwvk hp. y vb: v h b d h hck. T h w w bd d p d h h chch h hk 1348. I h cd b h c dc h vh h hd, hd dckby cd. T h wh h w c b ycd h hd b h .27 T c bw hh d h p bd h p pv ccpd Ch wd cc h :

A h wkd by h S G, h w w bh, S wh cd P d Adw h bh, c h ; hyw h. Ad h d h, Fw , d I w k yh . Ad h h w w h bh, Jh Zbd d Jh h bh, h b wh Zbd hh, d h , d h cd h. Idy hy hb d h h, d wd h. (M. 4:1822).

Ch, bhp A 388 h dh 407,

c cy b, h, h, d h

27 I p d wd h h c, c wbd Nc c whch pp wd p, c h c P A. Idd, h c h h h wd c h d h hy . Nvh, I c xpwhy h wd, wh h .



74/487


h ractatus in Matthaeum.28 T h p h bv wh w dp. T bv d dp hhCh-J dh d c h hd dy. T h h wh bdy h , bv , Ch dd h:

Ad J c d d h A hy hv d h hb v . G h d k dcp , bph h h Fh d h S d h Hy Sp, chh bv h I hv cdd y . . . (M. 28:1820).

A dd h d h h cy chch R, M d G (whch x, b kw kch d by D R 1870) y pp h pp h hh p h p.29 T w p h cp cp wh h d b, d h hd, A. I h pp c Ch d h, bk c h , d h dcp hd c h hd.T w c h h pp : h dcp vbv h d h wd hh h Hy Scp, h h d v h h-bv h d h , h .

I h h p h bv d h h h p, h

h J b y p h p p h h bc c : T h d h Ld xcdy,d hy d cc h Ld d d vw. (J. 1:16). I dpc h pp kd, b wh h chd,h w h c, whch d h wk, pbby h .30 I h A c, hwv, h c ch h k, hh k. T h kbw h wd d hvh bd bw h bv dGd. F Ch h p Gd h Ch (habensDeum gubernatorem),31 b wh h c w xcd h yhv pd h d h Chc bhpc d, pc-

cy, Td h.

28 L (1989), 141152.29 T kch pdcd by Dw (1981), 536.30 S, c, h J cph, Vc cy, hd cy, h

M P C, Vc Cy, pdcd Wp (192936), v. I, p. IX, 3.31 L (1989), 144.



75/487

jonas o aquileia 65

A c bp h yd A y h hdc h bhp.32 O h D cw h h vdy y c dpdd p h pwh h p d . I cy wh wy w bp p, h bp wd bvd, d h p wd hv b bpd .A h D- pcd bhp hv b dd by traditor, kCc, hy bpd b h cy. Tpcc w pcy bh h hdx, d h cc A bd . I h pb h h c pc

cc bp. I p hdx bhp (T-d?) d h c bp, k h p hy hdx bp h hd dy dd cy cd dp.33

O h d chcc R c hccp yy ypc -c w -v d. H vc p bh y chv hc.34 T A c d p y kd b,whh d h p b. T c-y w wh h c cp d ky w w h h wk dvd h.35 T, hhch cp y h b xpd by h ck d h pc xp, v ky h h Jy, k h cp, w vy h c d.

32 De Arica autem quod propria lege sua utantur ut rebaptizent, placuit ut adecclesiam si aliqui hereticus uenerit, interrogent eum symbolum et, si peruiderint eumin Patre et Filio et Spiritus sanctoesse baptizatum, manus tantum ei imponator. Quod siinterrogatus symbolum non responderit trinitatem hanc, merito baptizetur. Et cetera. Inanother manuscript: Venientes de Donatistis vel de Montensibus per manus impositionemsuscipiantur, ex eo quod contra ecclesiasticum ordinem baptizare videntur; Gd(1977), 50, 66. Mb (M) w ck ck h D, h hy c h , d w h cd.

33 T bp p h c w M, wh xpd hc c h w h w: T h h ccdd hdy bpd bv, wh h h h ccdd h cch,pp h cv h c bp; M (1986).

34 S, c, h v c E D (cd h h hd cy) E D M (), pdcd Bchd-L . (1995), . 69, h R h Fh Cpd d h R h S H, bh h V Ec h P A (y h cy), pdcd Cc(2000), 40 d 41.

35 A w kw c c wkhp c d.



76/487


O h yy h v dy, whch dvdh cp w , dw by y - h hw c h h. T hh c h c h J cycJ b hwvbd d wwd by h K. I h h h b d h w h, y k. Tcd c h w h J c, b d hck wh h. h wh b h, hp d by h vy d, b cwdd dc. T dc h h c b d by

cp wh h K. T pp c wh wwJ d wh d h d h h k bw hw . dd c bck h yd pc d h J v.

A dy d, h J cyc pp y c-x. T ccb p w ccd wh h ybc ch c h wh v c d cddvy c dpd y. S h d y c p h dpv h y.36Hwv, cph h y w dpcd ccv -v. T h cv c w d h bdy hcph, c vy cp bd h d h ccb. O ch xp, h -hd-cyJ cph h Vc cy, dvdd w p;d h, J c h , h dd,d h d (y) (F. 2). T cp, - , pb c h J c , v wy. F, h pp hh c: h d h hd c h y y , wh h cd c (J b hw p d) . T c b h c: J dh K h cd c h J d h K h d J d h y. Scd, h p: h

d cd c h h , wh hhd c h cd, d b hh. T chcc

36 A h Ac cbc d h V cbc h Pc c-cb, d h Ay ccb V Ap, pdcd Vc, Bc,d M (1999), 100, . 111; 97, . 107; 70, P. II, pcvy.



77/487

jonas o aquileia 67

c b h c: h d cd c h y h , d h hd hy hh. Fh, cph, tavola ensata h c, whch h hdcd cbd, dvd h w p h cp.Sy, h A c h cp c T-d dvd h cp w p.

A h y h ch cph hhv b d cphc c h J p hc, h h b. T h dcd by h p-p h K d h h bh . I pp h h

h K pvdd cpv c h h: d h, b K, h dpcd h h, wh dh K, h h . T d whh w d dpd h d c h c-p, h , J d h , b h c c kbw h w bc h c h vw ckwd h hw p w dvpd h , d w d. Mv, h h dpd h h K, c h h J cyc w h c h cp: hh J cyc w dw d h h cp w vvdd ch c.37

M c, pp Nh Ac d h hdd h c, chd Iy hh Scy.38 T Nh Acxp w pd d cd by C B vcp c.39 T p cp pd , c cycpd . T p dpcd bd y vw, b h h p. T c-cy vwp d Eyp ccp ppcv d ypc Nc c. Fh wk w ddd h bccp, c. T h ddd hd p vw d w y dpcd h- p.S h w hw, h h d h bck

37 Cd h h f h hd b pvd by c ( h 7002), pb ccd h v wkd y. T h hv hppd wh h J c: D cw wk y d p h c h hv cd h p bw w d.

38 My h c b h P A. Dbb h pd h Nh Ac fc h c; Dbb (1999), 7073; W (1982), 413428.

39 B (1978), 1721.



78/487


h c, dd dcp d. T cpxy h c-p h hv b h chd wh yhc c wddd, h Uy d h S c D () h pc Aph C (A).

A chcc R chc Nh Ac wh cpdc bw bd c d dc.O h c h w ccd h chc c h bd whch w dd. F xp, h c Od (), kw h v h Lb, h hdcy (w h Bd M), p vw

wh v c dy . Myhc wh ppc vhd cc, h c h b pd S (), dd h dd h cd cy (w h S M), wh v h d hh d hhd Np.40

T J y A b h yhc c hNh Ac c, y c, b p h cp. T y, h v c h Jy h yhc c. T A c h hvb ccvd by Td d h c A bbcch J ypc yhc , dd c wh cp. T xch h yhc pc wh bbc Ch fc h ch w,Ch, cphy wh h w-bhd d h c d.

p, h J cyc d h c h c A bd h by cphc, hc, h-c, d . T cp fc x p ywh Ch hc c, p cvy xyv pc-hc . T cp wk h c ( ck yy) c pbby b ccd by y, w cd d d (cp dp) d d c (p d Ch) cvy c

. A h D ch w vy kw d Ac,h c d bc d cphc - w dpcd wh, v by Ch, bhp A, hy y . Nvh, h db

40 P (1965), 21931; Pcd (1960): 1749.



79/487

jonas o aquileia 69

h h c hd pc Ch w h Ch bv A, h h p hc:

Hw bd h wh Gd h ch y ch h w d w, w , h dy dv pchd vc c! Ad h ch pch w whyd ppp Ld, h h w pchd by h wd h wd, whch dd c h wd by h wd h wd, b bd hkd h dh by ppch h h, h pcd d h (h), d h p.41

Bibliography

Primary Sources

A (1958), On the Characteristics o Animals, . A. F. Schd (Cbd, 1958),3 v.

Chc dA (196971), Sermons, d. J. L, . H. d, Sources Chrtiennes154(P: 196971), 2 v.

C Axd (1991), Stromata, . J. F (Wh, DC: 1991).Eb (1981 [1965]), Te History o the Church rom Christ to Constantine, dc-

d by G. A. W (Hdwh: 1981 [1965]).Op (1997), Against the Donatists, d./. M. Edwd (Lvp: 1997).

Te Old estament Pseudepigraphia (1983), d. J. H. Chwh (Nw Yk: 1983).Bible and N.., Te New Oxord Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha (1988), d. H. G.

My d B. M. M (Nw Yk: 1988).

Secondary Sources

B, C. (1978),Marine Genre Mosaic Pavements o Roman North Arica, pbhdPh. D. d, Uvy C.

Bchd-L, M., . (1995),Mosaics o Roman Arica: Floor Mosaics rom unisia(Nw Yk: 1995).

Bd, J. (198199), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Zch:198199), 10 v.

B, G. B., d Zv, P. L. (1957),Monumenti paleochristiani di Aquileia e Grado(Ud: 1957).

41 O beatos piscatores istos quos Dominus inter tot doctores legis et scribas, inter totsaeculi sapientes, ad divinae praedicationis of cium et ad gratiam apostolatus primos elegit!Et digna sane Domino nostro atque conveniens praedicationis eius uit talis electio, ut in

praedicatione nominis sui tanto maioris laudis admiratio nasceretur, quanto eam mundiinmi et humiles saeculi praedicassent qui non per sapientiam verbi mundum caperent,sed per simplicem dei praedicationem de errore mortis genus humanum liberarent, sicutait apostolus; L (1989), 147.



80/487


B, M. (196681), C d Lc (AD 313337), : TeRoman Impe-rial Coinage,d. C. V. H. Shd (Ld: 196681), v. 68.

Cb, F., d Lcc, F. H. (192728), Dictionnaire darchologie chrtienne et deliturgie (P: 192728), 15 v.

Ccch, C. (1933), La Basilica di Aquileia (B: 1933).Cc, S. (2000), Mosaics o the Villa Erculia in Piazza Armerina, Morgantina,

(B: 2000).Dv,B. . (1981), Constantine and Eusebius (Cbd: 1981).Dw, L. (1981), Fh d Fh Pd: F h S S h Lv W,

Art Bulletin 63 (1981), 533547.Dbb, K. M. D. (1999), Te Mosaics o Roman North Arica: Studies in Iconography

and Patronage (Cbd: 1999).Dv, N., d C, J. P. (1996), L chch db dp 1936:

h pb, Antiquit tardive 4 (1996), 2237.

Dv, Y. M. (1973), Le livre de Jonas dans la littrature chrtienne grecque et latine;sources et inuences du Commentaire sur Jonas de Saint-Jrme (P: 1973).

Ed, J. W., d. (1977), Te Conversion o Constantine (Nw Yk: 1977).E, . G. (1966), Te Christianity o Constantine the Great (Sc: 1996).F, L. (1998),Ancient Roman Gardens (Sd: 1998)F, A. (1962), Pp d G, Revue dArchologie Chrtienne 38 (1962),

769.Fy, D. A., d D, D. R. (1985), Hc Sy Py, : Te Old

estament Pseudepigraphia: Prolegomena or the Study o Christian Origins, d. J. H.Chwh (Nw Yk: 1985), 671697.

Fd, W. H. C. (1985), Te Donatist Church: A Movement o Protest in Roman NorthArica (Oxd: 1985).

Gd, J. (1977), Conciles Gaulois du IVe sicle (P: 1977).K, P. (1981), Constantine: A Great Christian Monarch and Apostle (Ad:

1981).Lckk, K. V., Swbd, H., d N, G. (1906), Der Dom von Aquileia,

Seine Bau und seine Geschichte (V: 1906).L, J. (1989), Syb d , d v, d pch d pch ch

Chc dA,Antichita Altoadriatiche 34 (1989), 141152.M, G. C. (1958), La basilica paleocristiana nelle diocese settentrionali della metropolis

di Aquilee (Vc Cy: 1958).. (1971), Nuovi studi iconologici sui mosaici teodorieni di Aquileia (Ud: 1971).. (1986), Il complesso episcopale teodoriano di Aquileia ed il suo battisterio (Ud:

1986).Mb, R. M. (1950), L p d p ch bch d A

d P Rivista di archeologia cristiana (1950), 181194.. (1953), Cd d d A, : Studi aquileiesi

oerti il 7 ottobre 1953 a Giovanni Brusin nel suo 70. compleanno (A: 1953),209243.

Odh, C. (1993), C Ep h Bhp h Cc A: A D Ip Ahhp, Journal o Religious History17/3 (1993), 274289.

Pcd, G. C. (1960), M Ac d III . p. J.-C., Revue Archologique2 (1960), 1749.P, C. (1965), Q d d Dy

dUy T (), : La mosaque grco-romaine.Actes du colloqueinternational pour ltude de la mosaque antique (P: 1965), 219231.

Rw, S. (1994), Z Pbk d pch R d Gd dDkch A,Jahrbuch r Antike und Christentum 32 (1994), 97109.

Rb, B. P. (1985), J Qy P, Zeitschri r die AlttestamentlicheWissenscha97/3 (1985), 390403.



81/487


82/487



83/487

DONAIONS AND DONORS AS REFLECED IN HE MOSAICPAVEMENS OF RANSJORDANS CHURCHES IN HE

BYZANINE AND UMAYYAD PERIODS

L H

j, w Byz p p Pv A

gg g gg P P, Su, , w ug y u w u g uy. Cu pk x uy u Uyy p.

W puy kg p j g, w w , ggp - f u, w uppy, v u wu . T pp guy u u qu. W w u u ug u? W w p u ? W w p w y gy, w w py y gup u ug pg?

Ug v pp y pv p w qu. W u puy g , pg p, -p-gp y pvw y p, p, u p p pv. T y g u v j C uyug Byz Uyy p.1

1 T gu j y uy M. P, w I vygu.



84/487

74 lihi habas

Dedicatory Inscriptions

I v p u j, v pz y p p ug p. Tp w p y p, gyp w tabula ansata. T p u v ( y ) p u-g u, , g . Ag uu xp, w y gup u j, u Hgu

Cu u S. P (Fg. 1) S. Gg K-S, g p ug yu: I Au y 5[32]. O L, v y p vg g w v [AD 627];2 u S. Pu, S. P, S. B R, S. Pu g p u u: A y Ap Puu, Bu uuparamonarius, p S Pu w p pv w , k g J E, [ ] Myu, Ju y 490 pv [AD595];3 Cu Vg My M;4 Cu S.C Du K Dy/z-Z/S;5 Cu S. T K S.6 Dy p v u j, Cu S. L Ppu, Cu S. Gg, w Cp PJ K -Mukyy;7 y -Dy M;8 K g Pp-A;9 Cu J Bp G.10

2 P (1993), 306308, g. 600602, 606608, 611, 614.3 P (1993), 311312, g. 626630, 633.4 D Sg (1992), 256257, g. 1.5 K (1997), 2126, g. 12.6 S (1995), 528, g. 4, 5.7 D Sg (1998), 439440, 442443, 445446, . 36, 42, 47.8 P Ru (1976), g. 5, 6, p. XXVIII:1.9 Njj S (1994), 551, g. 1, p 3, 4, 9.

10 W (1938), . 306.



85/487

donations and donors as relected in the mosaic 75

T p g v w , w g w .T p p v pu g,w w x g kgu v gppg u.

Te Image o the Donor in the Mosaic Pavementso Churches in ransjordan

T y p pv ugu u p w w p u-g pv u p , u, pu w, uu vu. Ty pv y u u v p w p g ppu . D y v y u , w v p p.11 T p u py u .T gu w p, yu y . F, u, , v pp y w wg v g j.

Hw w y g -p w guv p? Hw w gu w gu g w p , wwy xp w ? I g ky , w ?

O , gu pp ug p. F , Cu Rv (S. Sgu) K M U -R, p .Dp v g, g pg

w u k u u gu g , g u . A gu, w k

11 Hu (1994), 119121.



86/487

76 lihi habas

u , pkg u . gu, g y g, p.12

I Cu S. C Du KDy/z-Z /S, w P Su (Fg. 2),p gy, w py , v yy . O gu candelabrum (k) thuribulum (). I w p: A S C Du, y yu My. T p w - p: + O L G, S C Du,

y yu v T. A p v :I uu p C p Ku . . . S C Du, wkw u y T [ ?] Au, k p p . T wk g y P J . . . Sgu Cu M w y . . . 18.13

I Cp E, M, Sg G, gy pp p v ug p , w u p p y v v ug, w y (Fg. 3). T w y. E w py v . M v y v y -p ; g (u) j. Sg uv g; v g . B p w .Uk v u w g , gu , z p -g . S Bg Sg g w, w u gu p g Hv.14

p , w gu pw vg , v x p uu u

12 P (1993), 240, 241, g. 391, 392.13 K (1997), g. 12, 1416.14 S Bg (1949), 269289, p. 45, 50:12, 51:1.



87/487


88/487


89/487


p. Fu gu py p. T y u, u g y puv u , y, , ppw pp ug u. Ag , D,Az, Hyu, I .22

Fgu y , wg v, gk, k, , g orans p, pp p u, py v, w p y .

Ag gu orans p, I y v

p p Pp-A, w w zu; kgu py pvp gg w , w pp gv gu .23 A gu orans p J Au Cu S. Gg K -Mukyy (Fg. 8).J w p v ppu y p pk, g zu, p y . A p p w u u J w yp u. T orans p, wyz u pyg P, S Bg y gu J p p pyg u. T p pk pp zu, y y L Dy, upp u.24

Ag gu g , I p Ou Ouw g , g u v Cu Bp Sgu (587/8) U -R. I pv yu , yg u, pg u (Fg. 6).25 Ag g gu v Cu Bp I (559) G, Gg T; gu w y py p v.26

22 Njj (2001), 414415.23 P (1993), g. 459, 460, 462.24 S Bg (1949), 6777, 99, g. 8, p. 28:3, 29:13; P (1993), 40,

178, g. 244247.25 P (1993), g. 336, 370.26 P (1993), 294, g. 566.



90/487

80 lihi habas

O gu p k (py). J py g g u p v Cu Rv (S. Sgu) U -R, v Cu Bp Sgu J py w (Fg. 6).27

P w w y , wu y-g p, p pv upp Cp P J (565) K -Mukyy(Fg. 9). T g, w u p u, w tunica laticlavia w p

pu. T w w u (lacerna), y jw . S Bg p-p u P J, j p g w ug p yg , w (Ppy, R, M) p -u v, w Cu S. L Ppu vg.28 T gu p u xp v p, y p upp- Byz .29

A v Cu P W (586) U-R p u u y Bp Sgu, u upv P W; w w: . . . T p v. T p y pp p u p p y gu u k P W, g w u vg gu ( v?) pp . O w gu, g . Au gu g w p u g p. T g gu wg k g wp g , w v . Aug gu y p, g z pu

upp w w v,

27 P (1993), g. 395; Santo Steano: mosaici (1994), g. 12.28 S Bg (1949), 4955, 173177, 191193, g. 4, p. 10:3, 34:2; D Sg

(1998), 444, 447448, . 44, 51, 52.29 B(1992), 78, 14, 82; Hu (1994), 120.



91/487


pp u.30 I Cu S.Gg (Cu N. 79) K -S, p p g v. Aug guv p w g y , py pv. I p yp: By g . G, Yu kw w . Hvy . A Ap T [ Cu] S Gg w pv w y Ku, paramonarius. T p pu w p p .31

T gg g y vp uu . Lk Su , w pp v Cu S.Sp U -R, p vp Cu L (574 589) . Ty vg g pg , u k.S , u Pu Ku, y k wu u. A yu gu p u v.32 I Cu S. C Du G ( Fg. 4), py x p T Gg. Ty g g k u u y J Au Ku.33

Documents

Katrin Kogman-Appel & Mati Meyer, Between Judaism and Christianity