Kashmir Odyssey of Freedom by Farooq Rehmani

8/8/2019 Kashmir Odyssey of Freedom by Farooq Rehmani

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Fo}eagy Hkw}}cw hb Bycckha Iw Boyhhq Yceaong

PDCIG]MG[C ! O FNHZN PYHAG]C

[ec _sc}{ghn hb {ec bs{syc }{o{s} hb {ec }{o{c hb Loaas onk Fo}eagy g} o isyngnj {hpgm hb {eckow$ ehrcygnj hrcy {ec }si!mhn{gncn{ dgfc esjc mdhsk}. Om{soddw {ec yc}g}{onmc ahrcacn{ iw {ec

pchpdc hb Loaas onk Fo}eagy ojogn}{ {ec gddcjod onk snls}{ Gnkgon hmmspo{ghn$ g} o }{ysjjdc bhy

{ec igy{e bgje{ hb }cdb!kc{cyagno{ghn o} gn{yhksmck iw {ec ahkcyn ojc ob{cy dhnj }omygbgmc} hb pchpdc hn coy{e onk ycmhjng}ck iw {ec Sng{ck No{ghn} Hyjong|o{ghn gn g{} Sngrcy}od Meoy{cy bhy

esaon ygje{}. [ecyciw$ {ec acaicy }{o{c} hb {ec zhydk ihkw ycobbgyack {ecgy bog{e zg{e

kc{cyagno{ghn gn {ec kgjng{w hb esaon icgnj} onk No{ghn}$ cqsod ygje{} onk hpphy{sng{gc} bhy odd$igj hy }aodd. [ec sngrcy}od meoy{cy zo} kyob{ck {h }orc }smmcckgnj jcncyo{ghn} bhya {ec }mhsyjc

hb zoy}. [ec {zh jyco{ zoy} hb ?7?; onk ?7=7 eok iyhsje{ oihs{ sn{hdk ag}cygc}$ kcro}{o{ghnonk ehyyhy bhy aonfgnk$ Oy{gmdc 33 hb {ec Sng{ck No{ghn*} Meoy{cy ycg{cyo{c} g{} pdckjc {h myco{c

mhnkg{ghn} hb }{oigdg{w onk zcdd icgnj zegme oyc ncmc}}oyw bhy pcomcbsd onk bygcnkdw ycdo{ghn}oahnj no{ghn} io}ck hn yc}pcm{ bhy {ec pygnmgpdc hb cqsod ygje{} onk }cdb kc{cyagno{ghn hb

pchpdc}.

]gagdoydw {ec gn{cyno{ghnod mhrcnon{ hn mgrgd onk phdg{gmod ygje{} okhp{ck iw {ec SN JcncyodO}}caidw hn Kcm. ?2$ ?772 gn {ec oy{gmdc ? onk gn {ec kcmdoyo{ghn gn pygnmgpdc hb gn{cyno{ghnod doz

okhp{ck {eyhsje yc}hds{ghn Nh. 9293 iw SN Jcncyod O}}caidw hn Hm{. 9;$ ?7:0$ ycmhjng}c} {ec

ygje{ hb }cdb kc{cyagno{ghn bhy odd pchpdc} onk }ow} {eo{) iw rgy{sc hb {ec pygnmgpdc hb cqsod ygje{}onk }cdb kc{cyagno{ghn hb pchpdc cn}eygnck gn {ec meoy{cy hb {ec SNH odd pchpdc} eorc {ec ygje{ {h

kc{cyagnc zg{ehs{ cu{cynod gn{cybcycnmc$ {ecgy phdg{gmod }{o{s} onk {h psy}sc {ecgy cmhnhagm$ }hmgodonk msd{syod kcrcdhpacn{ onk crcyw }{o{c eorc {ec ks{w {h yc}pcm{ {eg} ygje{ gn ommhykonmc zg{e

{ec pyhrg}ghn} hb {ec meoy{cy).

Ic}gkc} cnkhy}gnj {ec meoy{cy onk {ec sngrcy}od kcmdoyo{ghn hb esaon ygje{}$ Gnkgo hn ecy hzn

aokc {ec



}h moddck gn}{ysacn{ hb ommc}}ghn mhnkg{ghnod$ pyhrg}ghnod onk {caphyoyw iw okkgnj {h g{ opyhrg}h moddck pdcig}mg{c {h cnoidc {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy$ {h kcmgkc byccdw!{ecgy bs{syc phdg{gmod

}{o{s}. Ojogn g{ zo} Gnkgo$ zeh ob{cy bhyc}ccgnj o agdg{oyw kciomdc gn do{c ;:$ ys}eck {h {ec

}cmsyg{w mhsnmgd hn Lon. 0? ?7;5 zg{e o ycqsc}{ bhy Sng{ck No{ghn} gn{cyrcn{ghn gn {ec }{o{c hb Loaas onk Fo}eagy onk ycpco{ck ecy pdckjc {eo{ )Hnmc {ec }hgd hb {ec }{o{c eok iccn mdcoyck hb

{ec gnrokcy} onk nhyaod mhnkg{ghn} yc}{hyck$ g{} pchpdc zhsdk ic bycc {h kcmgkc {ecgy bs{syc iw {eckcahmyo{gm ac{ehk hb o pdcig}mg{c hy ycbcycnksa$ zegme gn hykcy {h cn}syc mhapdc{c gapoy{godg{w$

agje{ ic ecdk snkcy {ec gn{cyno{ghnod os}pgmc}).

Hn ?3{e< Lon. ?7;5$ zecn {ec ]cmsyg{w Mhsnmgd ac{$ {ec Gnkgon ycpyc}cn{o{grc kcmdoyck ){ec

qsc}{ghn hb {ec bs{syc }{o{s} hb Fo}eagy rg}o!o!rg} ecy ncgjeihsy} onk {ec zhydk o{ doyjc onk o

bs{syc qsc}{ghn$ noacdw zec{ecy }ec }ehsdk zg{ekyoz byha ecy ommc}}ghn {h Gnkgo$ onk cg{ecyommckc. {h Pofg}{on hy ycaogn gnkcpcnkcn{$ zg{e o ygje{ {h mdoga okag}}ghn o} o acaicy hb {ec

SNH$ odd {eg} zc eorc ycmhjng}ck {h o ao{{cy bhy snbc{{cyck kcmg}ghn iw {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy

ob{cy nhyaod dgbc g} yc}{hyck {h {eca).

Gn {ec }smmcckgnj ahn{e} hb {syahgd onk {syisdcnmc {ec ]cmsyg{w Mhsnmgd ac{ onk po}}ckyc}hds{ghn} onk

ommcp{ck ycmhaacnko{ghn} hb {ec SNMGP bhddhzck iw ih{e Gnkgo onk Pofg}{on {h }hdrc {ec g}}sc

{eyhsje o pdcig}mg{c pcomcbsddw snkcy {ec }spcyrg}ghn hb {ec SNH. Hn Kcm. 09$ ?73:$ {ec

]cmsyg{w Mhsnmgd ycmoddck ecy pycrghs} yc}hds{ghn onk od}h {eh}c hb SNMGP ycqsc}{gnj )SN*}ycpyc}cn{o{grc bhy Gnkgo onk Pofg}{on {h aofc onw ycmhaacnko{ghn {h {ec poy{gc} bhy bsy{ecy

oppyhpygo{c om{ghn zg{e o rgcz {h aofgnj pyhjyc}} {hzoyk} {ec gapdcacn{o{ghn hb {ec yc}hds{ghn}

hb {ec SNMGP hb ?= Osjs}{ ?7;5 * onk 3{e Lonsoyw$ ?7;7 onk {hzoyk} o pcomcbsd }c{{dcacn{.)

PH][!POY[G[GHN KCRCDHPACN[]

Ecyc zc }ehsdk nh{ hrcydhhf {ec yhh{ mos}c hb {ec mhnbdgm{ onk yc}pcm{grc mdoga} iw Gnkgo onk

Pofg}{on hn Fo}eagy. Gnkgo eo{meck o }cmyc{ kcod zg{e Aoeoyolo Eoyg ]gnje onk od}h zg{e ]ecgfe

Oiksddoe onk Gnkgon oyack bhymc} bdcz {h *]ygnojoy zegdc {ec {eyhnc dow romon{. Zecn {ec Gnkgon

oyaw Hmmspgck ]ygnojoy$ aonw poy{} gn {ec }{o{c eok odycokw boddcn {h {ec bycckha bgje{cy} onk

OL"F Jhr{. bhsnk hn Hm{. ?7;:. Onk wc{ Gnkgo ommcp{ck {ec ommc}}ghn hb {ec bsjg{grc ysdcy.

Gn {ec icjgnngnj$ Gnkgo mdogack {eo{ }ec }cn{ ecy {yhhp} {h Fo}eagy hn {ec ycqsc}{ hb Aoeoyolo

zg{e {ec oppyhrod hb ]ecgfe Oiksddoe$ gn hykcy {h ecdp {ec }{o{c {h kygrc hs{ yogkcy} byha {ec }hgd

hb Fo}eagy$ is{ Gnkgo od}h mdogack {eo{ }ec }oz o yow hb }cmsdoyg}a gn Fo}eagy onk {es} dgnfck}obc{w hb Gnkgon As}dga} zg{e {ec ommc}}ghn hb Fo}eagy {h Gnkgo. Nhz Gnkgo mdoga} {eo{ Fo}eagy

g} gaphy{on{ bhy ecy {cyyg{hygod gn{cjyg{w onk no{ghnod }hdgkoyg{w. Gn h{ecy zhyk} {ec boiygm hb mhsn{yw*} sng{w onk }hrcycgjn{w g} }h zcof {eo{ gb {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy oyc jgrcn {ecgy ygje{ hb

}cdb!kc{cyagno{ghn$ Gnkgo zgdd kg}acaicy$ As}dga} zgdd ic zgpck hs{ onk }cmsdoyg}a zgdd ic

isygck bhy jhhk. Odd }sme {odf g} boddomghs}$ onk ygkgmsdhs} pyc{cu{ onk ysn} mhn{yoyw {h {ec meoy{cy

hb SNH onk {ec Gnkgon mhn}{g{s{ghn. Snkcy ih{e {ec}c khmsacn{}$ {ec Gnkgon Jhr{. g} yc}phn}gidcbhy dgbc$ ehnhsy onk pyhpcy{w hb ecy mg{g|cn} gyyc}pcm{grc hb {ecgy mo}{c$ mycck onk donjsojc. Nh



pchpdc mon ic fcp{ eh}{ojc} hy snkcy ihnkojc ojogn}{ ahyod$ phdg{gmod onk gn{cyno{ghnod dcjodkgm{sa} hb {ec pyc}cn{ kow esaon }hmgc{gc} onk mgrgdg|o{ghn}. Gnkgo onncuck Fo}eagy zg{ehs{ onw

ygje{bsd mos}c onk boiygmo{ck {ec }h!moddck khmsacn{ hb ommc}}ghn ojogn}{ {ec zg}ec} hb {ec

Pchpdc hb L"F. Jchjyopew onk ycdgjghn$ {ec ah}{ gaphy{on{ bom{hy} hb dgnfojc oyc oi}cn{ic{zccn Gnkgo onk Fo}eagy. G{ g} {ec oi}cnmc hb {ec}c rg{od cdcacn{} pds} {ec mhnbdgm{ ic{zccn

{ecgy }cn{gacn{} onk o}pgyo{ghn} {eo{ Gnkgo g} bomgnj {ec phpsdoy spyg}gnj gn {ec Roddcw hb Fo}eagyzegme meoapghn} {ec mos}c hb bycckha bhy H{ecy poy{} hb {ec hmmspgck ycjghn. ]{gdd Gnkgo g}

yskcdw okoaon{ {h fccp Fo}eagy snkcy ecy lomf ihh{}.

Hn {ec mhn{yoyw Pofg}{on eo} o ph}g{grc mos}c {h hbbcy onk {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy eorc hn }crcyod

hmmo}ghn} aokc nh kg}{gnm{ghn ic{zccn Fo}eagy onk Pofg}{on. [ec pchpdc hb Pofg}{on onk

Fo}eagy oyc dgnfck iw mhaahn byhn{gcy}$ onk {ecgy ycdgjghn g} G}doa. [ec pchpdc hb Pofg}{on eorcodzow} }spphy{ck onk oyc }spphy{gnj {ec ygje{ hb }cdb!kc{cyagno{ghn onk pdcig}mg{c snkcy {ec

}spcyrg}ghn hb S.N.H. [ecw eorc bhsje{(oyc bgje{gnj ojogn}{ hmmspo{ghn bhymc} }ehsdkcy {h

}ehsdkcy rhdsn{oygdw zg{e Fo}eagyg}.

Gn {ec ph}{ poy{g{ghn kow} Gnkgon no{ghnod Mhnjyc}} eok gnbdscn{god }spphy{cy gn Fo}eagy gn {ecpcy}hn hb Oiksddoe. Ob{cy {ec onncuo{ghn hb Fo}eagy iw Gnkgon bhymc}$ Gnkgo zcn{ gn }coyme hb

{oac mo{}$ onk gn}{oddck psppc{ phdg{gmgon} hn Fo}eagy bhy mhn{gnsgnj ecy gddcjod onk myscd

hmmspo{ghn hb {ec }{o{c.

Ob{cy {ec ehyygidc ao}}omyc hb As}dga} onk yopc hb {ecgy zhacn gn Loaas gn Nhr. ?7;:$ {ecPyhrgnmc rgy{soddw moac snkcy {ec myscd jygp hb Egnks Meosng}{} onk bono{gm}$ zeh moyygck {ecgy

moapogjn hb acyjcy hb Loaas zg{e Egaomeod Pyckc}e. Gn Dokofe o }gagdoy moapogjn g} jhgnj hn

zg{e {ec pcybcm{ mhnngronmc hb Kcdeg dcokcy} {h kgds{c {ec hrcy odd }{ysjjdc bhy {ec ygje{ hb }cdb kc{cyagno{ghn iw Fo}eagyg}. [ecw }ow {eo{ Dokofe ic jgrcn snkcy {ec mhn{yhd hb Kcdeg. [eg} g}

ehz Gnkgo ob{cy icmhagnj mcy{ogn hb ecy kcbco{ gn Fo}eagy g} }hzgnj }cck} hb mhaasnod eo{yck

onk ycjghnod igo} oahnj Iskkeg}{} o} zcdd.

Zecn zc mo}{ o dhhf hn Loaas onk Fo}eagy }{o{c poy{gmsdoydw {ec Fo}eagy pyhrgnmc hb pyc!poy{g{ghn kow}$ zc bgnk mdh}c cmhnhagmod onk }hmgod {gc} ic{zccn Loaas onk Fo}eagy$ Psnloi

onk NZBP hb Pofg}{on.

Gn ?7;: {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy zcyc ahyc cojcy {h lhgn Pofg}{on onk }cc bsdbgdacn{ hb {ecgykycoa hb o pyh}pcyhs} G}doagm }{o{c hn {ec bhh{ }{cp} hb Pyhpec{ Aseoaaok %PISE'. [ec

pchpdc hb Fo}eagy eok ommc}} {h Mcn{yod O}gon ycjghn gn {ec iwjhnc kow}. [ec hmmspo{ghn hb

Fo}eagy iw Gnkgo ]crcyck {gc} ic{zccn kgbbcycn{ poy{} hb hsy snbhy{sno{c }{o{c. [ec hmmspgckFo}eagy dh}{!g{} {gc} zg{e {ec mcn{yod O}go$. zegme eok odycokw jhnc gn {ec bcyhmghs} jygp hb

mhaasng}{ Ys}}go. [ec ncz }mcnoygh hb Fo}eagy jorc igy{e {h mhnbdgm{gnj gkco} onk ahyc} onk o

ncz mdo}} hb phdg{gmgon} cacyjck zg{e pc{{w }cdb gn{cyc}{} s}gnj igj }dhjon} zg{ehs{ no{ghnod jhod.

[ec ahyc} hb phdg{gmgon} hn ih{e }gkc} hb {ec }{o{c eorc iokdw {hdk sphn {ec }ahh{e kcrcdhpacn{hb ahyodg{w gn hsy }hmgc{gc}. [ec pchpdc} hb {ec {zh }cpoyo{ck poy{} jyco{dw wcoyn bhy as{sod mh!

hpcyo{ghn is{ o{ {ec }oac {gac$ {ecw bomc }{yonjc acn{od onk }hmgod pyc}}syc} onk cmhnhagm

kg}poyg{w hn ih{e }gkc}. Zegdc As}dga} hb {ec hmmspgck }gkc bomc jcnhmgkc onk {hy{syc iwhmmspo{ghn {yhhp}$ hsy iyh{ecy} hn {ec dgicyo{ck }gkc dhhf mhnbs}ck$ onk {ecgy dcokcy} okk {h {eg}

mhnbs}ghn. [ec bcskod$ isycosmyo{gm onk }cm{oygon zow} hb Pofg}{ong phdg{w ksygnj {ec do}{ =3



wcoy} eorc nhsyg}eck acn{od khsi{} onk ag}jgrgnj} ic{zccn kgbbcycn{ yomc} onk mhaasng{gc} gn{ec mhsn{yw. [ec ic}{ }{onkoyk} hb {ec ahkcyn cksmo{ghn }{gdd ycaogn o pycyhjo{grc hb cdg{c onk

eorc nh{ }{cppck gn {ec ehs}c} hb mhaahn onk phhy Pofg}{ong}. Odd {ec}c {egnj} eorc obbcm{ck

phdg{w onk }hmgc{w hb O|ok Fo}eagy od}h.

Hn {ec mhn{yoyw Loaas moac }hmgoddw onk cmhnhagmoddw mdh}cy {h {ec ncgjeihsygnj }{o{c hb Gnkgoonk *Egnks Meosrgng}a onk bono{gmg}a pcnc{yo{ck kccp gn{h {ec oyco snkcy {ec mhrcy hb

}cmsdoyg}a onk no{ghnod gn{cjyo{ghn. Ob{cy {ec Loaas ehdhmos}{ hb ?7;: {ec As}dga}!bhsnk{eca}cdrc} o{ {ec acymw hb Mhnjyc}} onk No{ghnod mhnbcycnmc onk o{ crcyw {gac dgrck on gn}cmsyc

onk ehyygidc dgbc snkcy {ec }zhyk hb Gnkgon hmmspo{ghn bhymc}. [ec ?723 cpg}hkc iyhsje{ oihs{

ahyc {yojckgc} onk ehyyhy} bhy As}dga} ncckdc}} {h }ow {eo{ {ec Loaas As}dga} eok odycokw dh}{

{ecgy gkcn{g{w o} o phdg{gmod bhymc ob{cy ?7;: . Ehzcrcy$ }hac As}dga oyco} hb {ec LoaasPyhrgnmc dgfc kg}{ygm{ Khko$ zegme dgnjsg}{gmoddw onk msd{syoddw oyc mhn{gjshs} {h {ec roddcw$

mhn{gnsck {h zodf }ehsdkcy {h }ehsdkcy zg{e {ec pchpdc}) ahrcacn{ bhy bycckha hb Loaas onk

Fo}eagy. [ecw zcyc nh{ dck o}{yow iw {ec rgmghs} on{g!bycckha {gyokc hb Gnkgo onk Gnkgonmhaasnodg}{}. [ecw kg}pcddck odd bcoy} ycjoykgnj dhjg}{gm onk nsacygmod hi}{omdc} gn {ec zow hb

bycckha ahrcacn{. Gn {eg} ycjghn As}dga whs{e g} o} }cyghs}$ }cn}g{grc onk kc{cyagnck {h jognbycckha byha Gnkgo o} {ec pchpdc hb {ec Fo}eagy pyhrgnmc$ As}odaon} hb {ec}c oyco} bsddwiomfck {ec pdcig}mg{c ahrcacn{ gn 30*} onk 20*} is{ ?723 iomfdo}e onk ?722$ ?7:9 onk ?7:;

ommhyk} hn {ec hnc eonk ic{zccn Gnkgo " Pofg}{on onk hn {ec h{ecy }gkc ic{zccn Ay} Jonkeg

onk Oiksddoe kg}gdds}ghnck {eca dgfc {ecgy iyh{ecy} gn {ec roddcw.

[ec }dogn {hp dcrcd dcokcy hb L"F Pchpdc} Dcojsc onk Megcb

Mhaaonkcy Bhyacy Lgeok Bhymc$ No|gy Oeaok ]eoe odgo} O|g|!sy!

Yceaon ob{cy eg} ms}{hkgod asykcy gn ?77;.

FO]EAGY OB[CY [EC KEOFO %KOMMO' BODD

Ob{cy {ec Kommo bodd gn ?7:?$ Pofg}{ong dcokcy} kg}mhsyojck yokgmod rgcz} onk oppyhomec} hn

Fo}eagy.

[ec }dhjon {eo{ )Fo}eagy g} o lsjsdoy rcgn hb Pofg}{on) zo} od}h bhyjh{{cn hzgnj {h bcoy byha

Gnkgo.

Aong ]eonfoy Ogwoy }si}{on{go{c} {ec }oac rgcz gn {ec}c dgnc}) GN aw popcy hb Kcmcaicy ?75?

bhy {ec gn{cynod s}c hb {ec Agng}{yw hb Cu{cynod Obbogy}$ G eok kyozn phgn{ck o{{cn{ghn {h {ec



msyghs} oi}cnmc gn {ec Pofg}{on hb {ec }crcn{gc} hb onw ycod icdgcb hb {ec }s}{ognoigdg{w hb {ec

Fo}eagy qsc}{ghn %]cc pp ?3!9:$]spyo').%Aong ]eonfoy Ogwoy*} Pofg}{on Popcy'.

Gn pdcig}mg{c byhn{ khrc} od}h cug}{ck onk Ag}} Agykhdo ]oyo Ieog eok mdh}c mhn{om{} zg{e {eca

onk mhnbgkcnmc isgdkgnj aco}syc} ic{zccn Oiksddoe onk Gnkgo odzow} mhn{gnsck byha 20*} {gdd

:0*} zg{e }hac iycof}. Zecn Gnkyo Jonkeg {hhf hrcy o} {ec Pygac Agng}{cy hb Gnkgo Oiksddoe}pyhidca} icmoac p}wmehdhjgmoddw co}gcy. Ncg{ecy Oiksddoe nhy eg} dgcs{cnon{ Agy|o Ob|od Icj

zcyc zgddgnj {h ac{ {ec$ onjcd hb kco{e$ icbhyc ycomegnj cmecdhn} hb phzcy gn ]ygnojoy$ O{ {ec}oac {gac {ecyc zcyc pchpdc gn Gnkgo oidc {h ycok {ec agnk hb hsy whs{ebsd jcncyo{ghn. Hn {ec

io}g} hb {ecgy hi}cyro{ghn} {ecw bcd{ {eo{ g{ zo} egje {gac {h }o{g}bw Oiksddoe gn eg} dgbc {gac$

icmos}c ob{cy ega {ecyc zo} nh hnc {h }g{ hn {ec {oidc zg{e Kcdeg onk ic ycokw {h }hdrc Fo}eagy

g}}sc zg{egn {ec byoac zhyf hb Gnkgon mhn}{g{s{ghn.

O koygnj jcncyo{ghn hb Fo}eagyg} odzow} cug}{ck onk zhyfck gn {ec roddcw$ zeh}c phdg{gmod

om{grg{gc} zcyc idonfc{ck byha {ec hs{}gkc zhydk. [ecycbhyc$ fccpgnj gn rgcz {ec kg}acaicyacn{

hb Pofg}{on$ ]gado pom{$ domf hb phdg{gmod zgdd oahnj {ec dcokcy} hb pdcig}mg{c byhn{ onk cdcm{ghn

bgje{gnj {cnkcnmgc}$ Ncz Kcdeg {ehsje{ g{ pyhpcy {h jh oecok zg{e {ec pycpoyo{ghn hb o nczgn}{ysacn{ hb mhapyhag}c zg{e Oiksddoe. Hzgnj {h domf hb rg}ghn onk snagnkbsd hb {ec

pycahng{ghn hb hsy psidgm$ Oiksddoe onk Icj zcyc mosje{ gn {ec Gnkgon {yop hb kgodhjsc}$ onkzg{e gn bhsy wcoy}. on ojyccacn{$ ommhykgnj {h {ec gn{cyc}{} hb Gnkgo zo} ycokw ic{zccn Ncz

Kcdeg onk o }ehy{!}gje{ck dcokcy Oiksddoe zeh icmhac megcb Agng}{cy onk Ob|od Icj Kcps{w

Megcb Agng}{cy$ onk }si}cqscn{dw {ec pdcig}mg{c byhn{ zo} yc!meyg}{cnck o} Loaas onk Fo}eagy

No{ghnod Mhnbcycnmc.

[ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy yclcm{ck {ec ommhyk ?7:3 ic{zccn Oiksddoe onk Gnkyo Jonkeg$ onkcupyc}}ck {ecgy eo{yck onk onjcy iw aofgnj {ec dgbc }{gdd hn 95{e Bci. ?7:3$ {eyhsjehs{ {ec Gnkgon

hmmspgck As}dga ycjghn hb {ec }{o{c gn yc}phn}c {h o modd hb {h{od ionke jgrcn iw {ec do{c Pygac

Agng}{cy hb Pofg}{on \.O Ies{{h. [eg} zo} o {ycacnkhs} onk cn{es}go}{gm kg}pdow hb phdg{gmod zgddonk kc{cyagno{ghn iw hsy phpsdomc ojogn}{ {ec sjdw c{egm} hb }cdbg}eonk bhhdg}e dcokcy}.

p

yacy *Oglceok* icbhyc eg}

asykcy iw hmmspo{ghn {yhhp} gn ?77=.

ZEH G] ZEH/ PHDG[GMOD POY[GC]

]eoecck ]ecgfe Jesdoa Aseg!sk!kgn %Feodccd!sy!Yceaon'. [h

dcrcd dcokcy hb L"FPD onk Megcb hb bh

Is{ {ec bhymc} hb }{ysjjdc onk bhy{g{skc$ specdk {ec ionncy hb bycckha ahrcacn{ onk fcp{ {ec{hyme hb egje }pgyg{} isyngnj ojogn}{ odd bcoybsd hkk} hb Gnkgon hmmspo{ghn$ o{ o {gac zecn cdkcy}

bhy}hhf g{$ ycdgjghs} mdcyjw fcp{ asa$ hpphy{sng}{} oao}}ck zcod{e onk Pofg}{on cqsoddw domfck



zgdd onk bgyanc}} hb agnk {h }spphy{ g{. [eg} g} {ec qsc}{ghn zegme ncck} {h ic on}zcyck mhyycm{dzg{e eg}{hygmod dhjgm. Iw aofgnj {eg} cucymg}c zc zhsdk ic oidc {h snrcgd {ys{e$ }orc hsy n

byha bsy{ecy kcmcp{ghn onk {ycomecyw onk dcok {h o }hds{ghn hb {ec g}}sc$ ommhykgnj {h hsy

ycqsgycacn{} onk pcymcp{ghn}. ]sycdw$ o mh{cygc hb rc}{ck gn{cyc}{} zeh {hkow {yw {h icmhadcokcy} hb hsy snbhy{sno{c ahrcacn{ zhyf

wo{ghn

c {ecck hrcy{dw onk mhrcy{dw ojogn}{ {ec mhnmcp{ hb

bycckha$ onk ygje{ hb }cdb!kc{cyagno{ghn.

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y

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}cdb$ eg} cnrgyhnacn{ o} zcdd o} bomcdc}}$ bhuw onk psppc{ phdg{gmgon} ic}gkc} {ec

Gnkgon ysdcy}.

kgbbcycn{ hdk onk ncz phdg{gmgon}. [eg} }g{so{ghn ncck} mhyycm{ onodw}g} iw ackgo acn gn Pofg}{on.

po}{$ nhy {ecw oyc }gnmcyc onk mhapc{cn{ {h jgrc {ec ahrcacn{ hb bycckha o }smmc}}bsd kgycm{ghn.

}

w

Bhymc} onk bom{hy} hb dgicyo{ghn zcyc nh{ gn bsdd pgm{syc hb Pofg}{on ksygnj {ec do}{ {zh kcmoonk {ec gaphy{on{ no{ghnod g}}sc hb Fo}eagy zo} nh{ hn {ec ojcnko hb Pofg}{on ksygnj {eo{

pcyghk. Yo{ecy {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy zcyc dcb{ o{ {ec acymw hb mgymsa}{onmc} onk }silcm{ck {h

crcyw ygkgmsdc onk }o{gyc. G{ g} }{yonjc {eo{ {ec isykcn hb kygrgnj hs{ o esjc ahkcyn oyaw hb Gn

byha Fo}eagy zo} ps{ }hdcdw hn snoyack pchpdc }aodd gn nsaicy$ }syyhsnkck iw egje }nhzmhrcyck Ahsn{ogn} onk bhyc}{}. Gn }pg{c hb }h aonw hi}{omdc} onk mhn}pgyomgc}$ whsnj }hn} onk

kosje{cy} hb Fo}eagy }{hhk crcyw {gac bgya onk yc}hds{c onk gkco} hb bycckha bdhsyg}eck onk

js}eck dgfc {ec zo{cy hb bhsn{ogn} onk }pygnj}$ is{ crcyw }hy{ hb ks}{ onk ysiig}e zo} {eyhzn h{ec}c jdcoagnj }pygnj}$ zegme }{hppck {ec zhydk byha }ccgnj {ec ycod bomc} onk iyogn} hb {eg

ahrcacn{. [hkow }hac hb hsy bygcnk} onk bhc} }ow {eo{ {ec bycckha ahrcacn{ g} zg{e hs{dcokcy}egp. Oppoycn{dw g{ aow dhhf }h$ is{ {ec psyph}c icegnk {eg} pyhpojonko g} {h porc zow bhykg}ehnc}{ onk kg}myckg{ck phdg{gmgon} onk kg}mhsyojc {ec Pchpdc. Ehzcrcy$ {ec }pgyg{ onk ac{od hb

Fo}eagy g} ycmhjng}ck iw odd onk {ec }{skw hb Fo}eagy onk Fo}eagyg} g} on gaphy{on{ }silcm{ bh

}{skcn{}$ }mehdoy}$ eg}{hygon}$ zyg{cy} onk lhsynodg}{} gn Pofg}{on. Snbhy{sno{cdw$ Pofg}{ong} oyc

nh{ zcdd ozoyc hb phdg{gmod$ Ycdgjghs}$ }hmgod onk cmhnhagm mhnkg{ghn} onk od}h bycckha }{ysjjjhgnj hn gn}gkc {ec hmmspgck ycjghn bhy {ec do}{ {zh kcmokc}. [ec whs{e hb Fo}eagy g} o{ zoy

zg{e eg} hzn !

Hb{cn dcokcy} bhyjc{ {ecgy hilcm{grc} onk rodsc} iw powgnj ahyc o{{cn{ghn {h {ec nsacygmod

}spcyghyg{w. Ao}} }spphy{ g} mcy{ogndw gaphy{on{ is{ rgjgdonmc ojogn}{ hpphy{sng}{} onk khsidcbomck g} hb poyoahsn{ gaphy{onmc. Zc ycqsgyc }spphy{ hb Oddoe onk Oddoe zgdd nh{ }spphy{ s} gb zc eonk Hrcy {eg} }omyck ahrcacn{ {h meosrgng}{} onk bhhd} o} zo} khnc gn {ec po}{. Zc as}{

jsoyk ojogn}{ odd eonfw!ponfw {hkow$ ahyc {eon crcy icbhyc$ icmos}c hpphy{sng}{}$ }cn}gnj {ec

kcbco{ hb pyh!Gnkgo bhymc}$ zhyf hs{ {ecgy bs{syc }{yo{cjw snkcy {ec joyi hb dgicyo{ghn onk {yw {h

cupcnk {ecgy oyco hb gnbdscnmc$ onk meonjc {ec zehdc ahrcacn{ gn{h o zoy hb }syrgrod ic{zccn

Snkcy {ec jgrcn gn{ygjsgnj onk gn{ygmo{c mgymsa}{onmc} crcyw Pofg}{ong as}{ aofc o {ysc onk

snigo}ck onodw}g} hb crcn{}$ kcrcdhpacn{}$ pchpdc$ pcy}hnodg{gc} onk hyjong|o{ghn} onk jyhsp} gn{ec byow. Onw ncjdgjcnmc gn {eg} ao{{cy g} byosje{ zg{e konjcy$ icmos}c crcyw jyhsp onk mdo}} g}

gn{cypyc{gnj kcrcdhpacn{} onk gn{yhksmgnj acn onk aonncy} ommhykgnj {h eg} hzn gn{cyc}{. Nh{

hndw cu{cynod bhymc} onk ojcn{} is{ gn{cynod ncck} onk khac}{gm rodsc} oyc od}h mhsn{ck$ yo{ecypsidgm agnk g} bhymck {h icdgcrc gn pchpdc onk phdg{gmgon} zeh pdowck nh yhdc bhy bycckha gn {ec

Zc gnrg{c {ec pchpdc hb Pofg}{on onk {eh}c o{ {ec ecda hb obbogy} {h }cc Fo}eagy onk g{} phdg{gm

byha {ec !cwc} hb Fo}eagyg}. Fo}eagy bycckha }{ysjjdc zo} odzow} khac}{gm$ }{gasdo{ck i

G}doagm onk kcahmyo{gm pcymcp{ghn}. Hsy pchpdc ycrgrck g{ gn bgb{gc} gn on gnkcpcnkcn{ onk



gnkgjcnhs} aonncy zegme ic}gkc} h{ecy yco}hn} bhymck Oiksddoe onk Ob|od Icgj {h {hc {ec }oacdgnc. Is{ {ec pdcig}mg{c Byhn{ snkcy {ec pyc}gkcn{}egp hb Agy|o Ob|od Icgj zo} ahyc mhnmcync

oihs{ isgdkgnj {ec msd{ hb Oiksddoe gn onk hs{}gkc {ec hmmspgck ycjghn {eon {ec bs{syc hb {ec

snbhy{sno{c Fo}eagyg}. [ecycbhyc$ hsy ahrcacn{ bomck {zh ioyygcy}$ hnc zo} {ec yc!cacyjcnmchb ojjyc}}grc hnc aon Oiksddoe msd{ onk h{ecy zo} {ec ga

k

ph}g{ghn. hb psppc{} onk {oac mo{} hn

Fo}eagyg} iw Gnkgo$ zeh ps{ Fo}eagy gn o {cyygidc ac}}.

w gn

c

c}

gn logd} zg{e {ec }oac kc}gjn gn agnk. [ec }oac g}

nh{ oppdgmoidc {h {ec ehnc}{ }hn} hb on no{ghn.

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}$

d

y{gmgpo{gnj gn o

kcahn}{yo{ghn ojogn}{ {ec Kcdeg ommhyk hb Gnkgyo Jonkeg onk ]ecgfe Oiksddoe.

c

{ec

Ic{zccn 20*} onk :0*} hsy whs{e ahrcacn{ bhy bycckha jognck ahacn{sa onk phpsdoyg{mhddcjc} onk }mehhd}. [ec}c ahrcacn{} kgk nh{ pgn ehpc} zg{e {ec cug}{gnj phdg{gmod onk

ycdgjghs} dcokcy}egp hb ]ygnojoy. Zc Fcp{ o mdh}c cwc hn Oiksddoe onk eg} mhddcojsc} onk }acd{

byha 20*} zeo{ zo} icgnj mhhfck gn}gkc {ec kc{cn{ghn ehs}c} ic{zccn Gnkgon onk {ec pdcig}mg{

byhn{ dcokcy}. Cupcygcnmc }ehz} {eo{ }hac {gac} logd} oyc }obcy pdomc} zecyc snehdw oddgonm{ofc pdomc onk zecn boac esnjyw phdg{gmgon} bogd {h jc{ boac iw Zow hb nhyaod onk mdcon

om{grg{gc}$ {ecw s}c bhsd acon} hy pycbcy {h }{ow

Hsy bcoy} zcyc nh{ snbhsnkck$ }gnmc {ec dcokcy}egp zo} kcrhgk hb kcahmyo{gm onk G}doagmpcymcp{ghn}. Zg{e {ec yc}sd{ ?7:3 kcdgrcyck Icj Poy{eo ]oy{ew ommhyk {h {ec pchpdc zegme

ycgn}{oddck Oiksddoe o} {ec Megcb Agng}{cy hb Fo}eagy ob{cy o dop}c hb {zcn{w {zh wcoy}. G{ zo} onsnehdw ycsnghn hb phdg{gmod myhhf} Hb Mhnjyc}} Poy{w onk Pdcig}mg{c Byhn{. Hsy whs{e onk dhrcy}

hb bycckha snkcy}{hhk g{ zcdd onk {ecw ycjyhspck {eca}cdrc} gn Hm{.$ :;. Loaas onk F

Pchpdc} dcojsc zo} {ec hs{mhac hb kcdgicyo{ghn} ic{zccn hsy bycckha bgje{gnj whs{e

hyjong|o{ghn} iomfck iw kg}{gnjsg}eck }hn} bsdd hb }pgyg{ hb }omygbgmc} onk kc{cyagno{ghn. [ecLFPD ycg{cyo{ck g{} sn}eofcoidc bog{e gn {ec bycckha ahrcacn{$ ygje{ hb }cdb!kc{cyagno{ghn$ onk

kcahmyo{gm$ }hmgod onk cmhnhagm hykcy io}ck hn {ec G}doagm gkchdhjw. [ec poy{w od}h yc}

{eo{ {ec bgnod }hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy g}}sc zhsdk ic iyhsje{ hbb iw {ec pchpdc hb Fo}e

[ec Gnkgon Jhr{. onk g{} }o{cddg{c} gn Fo}eagy idomf dg}{ck {ec hyjong|o{ghn onk }{oy{ck}syrcgddonmc hb zhyfcy} byha {ec rcyw kow hb g{} igy{e. [ec zhyfcy} onk {ec }wapo{eg}cy} hb Loaas onk Fo}eagy pchpdc} dcojsc zcyc gapdgmo{ck gn }cyghs} mygagnod mo}c}$ boiygmo{ck iw

}cmyc{ ojcnmgc} ojogn}{ {eca onk acn{od onk pew}gmod {hy{syc zo} pcypc{yo{ck hn s} gn logd

kc{cn{ghn moap} onk gn{cyyhjo{ghn mcn{yc} ksygnj :0*} onk 50*}. [eg} dck {h {ec cmhnhagm

}{yonjsdo{ghn hb hsy }wapo{eg}cy}. [ec pchpdc} Dcojsc zo} ncrcy oddhzck {h moyyw hn pcomcbsphdg{gmod om{grg{gc} crcn zecn {ecyc zo} nh L"F Kg}{syick Oyco} Om{ onk [ec Oyack Bhymc}

]pcmgod Phzcy} Om{. [ecyc zo} snkcmdoyck gaph}g{ghn hb {ec}c doz}. [eh}c zcyc {ec kow} zecn

Jesdoa Aseoaaok Isdoe$ on om{grg}{ hb L"FPD byha ]hphyc zo} fgddck gn mcn{yod logd ]ygnojoygn Bci. :3$ bhddhzgnj eg} oyyc}{ onk iys{od monngnj gn ]hphyc phdgmc }{o{ghn bhy po

Onh{ecy jyhsp hb bycckha bgje{cy} zo} hyjong|ck iw ]hhbg Aseoaaok Ofioy gn ?7:: snkcy {e

noac hb Aoeo|!c!O|okg. Ec zo} o mdh}c o}}hmgo{c hb Oiksddoe onk kg}ojycck zg{e ega hn

}gjngnj hb {ec Kcdeg Ommhyk$ ?!7:;. Gn ?75= Aoeo|!c!O|okg zcdmhack Aseoaaok O|oadnqgdoig$ o kcrh{ck bycckha bgje{cy$ po{ygh{ onk dcokcy gn g{} yonf}. Ec zcn{ {h logd}$ yg}fck

Lhsyncw} {h OL"F ic{zccn ?723 onk ?77?$ onk zyh{c ihhf} hn bycckha. [hkow ec mhn{gnsc} {h



ic {ec megcb po{yhn hb Aoeo|!c!O|okg L"F. Ec zcn{ iomf {h {ec hmmspgck Fo}eagy gn Kcm. ?77;

ob{cy }pcnkgnj bhsy wcoy} gn OL"F.

Onh{ecy whs{e ahrcacn{ moddck Loago{![odoio zo} dosnmeck iw Loaoo{g!G}doag L"F gn ?7::$

zg{e ]ecgfe [oloaasd G}doa o} g{} Megcb. On gn{cyno{ghnod G}doagm Ahh{ hn Fo}eagy mhnrcnck

iw {ec }ogk Loago{ gn Osj. ?750$ zo} ionnck iw {ec Jhr{$ onk pchpdc gn doyjc nsaicy$ gnmdskgnj]wck Odg Jgdong$ ]ecgfe [oloaasd G}doa Onk {eg} zyg{cy zcyc oyyc}{ck onk dhkjck gn boy bdsnj

pyg}hn} hb {ec }{o{c. Ob{cy o bcz ahn{e} Aosdono ]ooksk!kgn Oek Ky. Owsi [eofoy od}h$ zcycoyyc}{ck onk kc{ognck snkcy {ec L"F psidgm }obc{w Om{$ ?7:5. Do{cy L.?$ ycpdomck G.L

$

.[. iw onh{ecy

whs{e zgnj onk g{} megcb ]ecgfe [oloaasd G}doa dcb{ {ec }{o{c gn ?75; {h mhn{gnsc eg} ag}}ghn

7=.

c

jg}do{syc. Gn q770 $ zecn {ec cn{gyc roddcw yhoyck bhy Lgeok dgfc dghn} gn o bhyc}{$ {ec

L.?. dosnmeck Eg|isd Asloegkccn {h hyjong}c yokgmod pyhjyoaac hb Lgeok ojogn}{ Gnkgo. Onk$ L.?.

go

yc

Loaoo{ d}doag gnmdskc Jesdoa Noig Noz}eoeyw$ Aseoaaok Whs}sb ]eoe %nha kc jscyyc ]wck ]odoeskkgn' A O}eyob ]oeyocw$ Jesdoa Aseoaaok ]obg$ Pyhb

gnbgncacn{ gn Gnkgon logd}. Ky. Jesdoa _okgy Zong zeh od}h bomck pyg}hn ob{cy

pyg}hn gn {ec hmmspgck ycjghn$ dck {eg} poy{w }gnmc ?779 gn OL"F onk zcn{ iomf {h ]ygnojoy gn

hb Aseoaaok Aoqihhd Is{{ gn ?75; gnbs}ck byc}e cncyjw gn {eg} hyjong|o{ghn. Ehzcrcy$ {ec

oiyhok. Ky dnowo{sddoe Onkyoig }smmcckck ega onk yc!meyg}{cnck g{ iw Aoeo|g!G}doag gn ?7

Nhz o kow} ]ecgfe [oloaasd G}doa ysn} Gn}{g{s{c hb Fo}eagy Obbogy} gn Pofg}{on.

Loaoo{g G}doag L"F zo} bhyack iw on cksmo{ghng}{ o }mehhd {comecy onk Eobg|!c!_syon

Aosdono ]ok!sk!kgn gn do{c ?7;0*} gn ]ygnojoy$ snkcy {ec gn}pgyo{ghn hb {ec gkchdhjw hb Aosdono

]wck Oisd Odo Aoskhhkg. Gqoao{g Kgn zo} {ec Poy{w*} aogn hilcm{grc. G{ od}h icdgcrck gn {ec

}hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy g}}sc {eyhsje o bycc$ bogy onk gapoy{god pdcig}mg{c. [ec poy{w dogk }{yc}} hn {eahyod onk cksmo{ghnod kgacn}ghn} hb aon onk }hmgc{w. Gn ?7:0 g{ poy{gmgpo{ck gn {ec cdcm{ghn} hb

dhmod ihkgc} onk gn {ec bhddhzgnj wcoy}$ %?7:?$ ?7:9'$ g{ dhhf poy{ gn {ec cdcm{ghn} hb Dhfc }oieoonk }{o{c dc

%OL"F' g} aofgnj mhn{ygis{ghn} snkcy {ec dcokcy}egp hb Oiksd Yo}ecck [syoig gn {eg} hkw}}cw hb

dgicyo{ghn.

Dcokcy} hb L.?. %L"F' pogk ecorw pygmc bhy {ecgy gkchdhjw gn {ec hmmspgck Fo}eagy onk ]wck OdgJccdong o}}sack kg}{gnm{ghn gn {ec egcyoymew hb eg} hyjong|o{ghn o} {ec meoapghn hb on{g Gnk

ahrcacn{. Aosdono Eofga Jesdoa Noig$ Oagy L.G. onk Jesdoa Oeaok Oeyoy icdhnj {h mok

hb ;0}. H{ecy {hp dcokcy} hb

O}eyob ]oyob. _oyg ]ogb!sk!kgn$ ]ecgfe Aseoaaok ]sdogaon$ Jesdoa Aseoaaok Is{{ oyc

h{ecy }cnghy dcokcy} hb L.G.

G.].D. G}doagm ]{skcn{ Dcojsc L"F g} ecokck iw ]eofccd Oeack Iofe}eg. Ec zo} ycdco}ck?77; ob{cy$ dhnj mhn

73. ]eofccd Oeaok Iofe}eg ycmcn{dw lhgnck {ec L"FDB. Onk$ {eg} g} ehz {ec G]D rgy{soddw

acyjck gn{h FDB.

L"FDB Loaas Fo}eagy Dgicyo{ghn Byhn{ g} ecokck iw Aseoaaok Wo}gn Aodgf gn {ec Gnkgon

hmmspgck Fo}eagy$ zeh zo} ycdco}ck ob{cy {yosao{gm kc{cn{ghn gn ?77;. Aoy{wy} dgfc G}eboq

Zong$ Oiksd Eoacck ]ecgfe$ Oglo| Koy icdhnjck {h {eg} poy{w. Gn bom{ {ecw zcyc {ec pcy}hn}$gnmdskgnj Lorcck Oeack Agy$ Egdod Icgj zeh gn{yhksmck LFDB gn {ec hmmspgck poy{ gn ?755.

Io}egy Oeaok Is{{ g} wc{ onh{ecy }{osnme dcokcy hb {eg} ahrcacn{ gn G.E.F. [ec poy{w dck iw

Oaonsddoe Feon zo} bhsnkck onk nhsyg}eck gn Pofg}{on$ OL"F onk SF hn {ec io}g} hb {ecmhnmcp{ hb o sng{ck$ }hrcycgjn onk gnkcpcnkcn{ ]{o{c hb Loaas onk Fo}eagy$ Nh khsi{ {ec idhhk



poy{w dcokcy}egp dhhf} ahkcyo{c o} mhapoyck {h h{ecy} hb {ec }oac gkchdhjw gn Pofg}{on. Io}egyOeaok ]gkkgqg onk Io}eoyo{ Yc|o megcb} hb {eg} poy{w onk {ecgy 99 asloegkccn zcyc ao}}omyck (

aoy{wyck iw hmmspo{ghn {yhhp} gn Eo|yo{iod gn Aoyme {eg} wcoy %?772'. [ecw zcyc obbgdgo{ck zg{e

d

n

.F ob{cy ?7;: onk ]oykoy Aseoaaok Oiksd _owwsa Feon PA

%OLF' o} {ec fcw bgjsyc pdow}$ pgrh{od yhdc gn {ec phdg{gmod obbogy} hb Fo}eagy. As}e{oq Oeack

c

ok

gon

oa

o}eagy. Gnkgon os{ehyg{gc} oyyc}{ck ecy odhnj zg{e ecy ncz!ihyn ioiw

onk es}ionk onk ps{ {eca snkcy kc{cn{ghn bhy hnc wcoy$ zg{e hs{ onw }smmc}} {h iycof {ec gyhn

yoi mhsn{ygc} od}h }omygbgmck {ecgy

idhhk gn {ec isyngnj poyokg}c hb Fo}eagy. Fo}eagyg} zgdd odzow} ycacaicy {ec yhdc hb {ecgy

iyh{ecy} %jsc}{ Asloegkccn' gn

Oaon!sddoe Feon.

A.S.B.(A.M. G{ zo} ksygnj {ec {syahgd hb 50*} {eo{ o phdg{gmod oddgonmc dgfc {ec As}dga Sng{ckbyhn{ Moac gn{h cug}{cnmc. G{} igy{e zo} bhddhzck iw {ec As}dga capdhwcc} Byhn{$ Pyhb. Oiks

Jeong Ieo{ ob{cy eg} kg}ag}}od byha {ec Jhr{. Kcjycc Mhddcjc ]hphyc onnhsnmck {ec bhyao{ghhb$ ASB. Ky. Jesdoa _okgy! Zong onk Pyhb O}eyob ]oyob zhyfck o} J. ]cmyc{oyw hb ASB gn

}smmc}}ghn. hn ]cp. 9$ ?752$ Ahdrg Oiio} On}oyg o }ego dcokcy Pyc}gkcn{ snlsaong G{ceok sd

As}dgaccn icmoac mhnrcnhy hb {ec ASB. gn ?75:$ Pyhb Oiksd Jeong Is{{ bhyack L"F As}dga

Mhnbcycnmc. Ih{e hb {eca bomck hykcod} hb gapyg}hnacn{ ic{zccn ?770 onk ?77; gn Gnkgon logd}[ec poy{w*} bhsn{ogn ecok g} OL"

Zong ycpyc}cn{}$ LFAM gn Pof.

[ec pcy}g}{cn{ cbbhy{} ih{e gnkgrgksod onk mhddcm{grc iw {ec whsnj }hn} hb Fo}eagy fcp{ {ec bdoahb bycckha fgnkdck ojogn}{ odd hkk} onk hpph}g{c }{hya}. ]eoiccy Oeack ]eoe ihyc {ec iysn{ hb

Logd}. Bo|d Eoq _syc}eg bomck cmhnhagm }{yonjsdo{ghn onk pyg}hn}. ]ecgfe Oiksd O|g| ]sbbcyckhykcod} hb gapyg}hnacn{ onk }oac zo} {ec mo}c zg{e Io}egy Oeack ]ecgfe %IPY'$ No|gy Oea

Feon %G}doaoiok'$ Je. Aseoaaok Jonog$ \oehhy Oeack ]ecgfe onk Asfe{oy Oeack zo|o

onk As|obboy Oeack ]eoe %Ipy'. Je. Aseoaaok Feon$ ]hphyc zo} mygppdck iw cmhnhagm

myg}g} onk eg} }ehp zo} isyn{. Ky. Oiksd Odo }omygbgmck eg} ao{cygod mhabhy{} bhy {ec jhod !hb bycckha. Mys}okcy} onk {hp yonfgnj po{ygh{} hb L"F pchpdc} dcojsc$ onk aoy{wyck iw Gnk

hmmspo{ghn bhymc} oyc Oiksd Feodgq Jonog ]eoecck odgo} Loaod Objeong$ No|ccy Oeack ]eoe

]eoecck$ Je. Aseccskgn ]ecgfe *odgo} Feodgd!Sy!Yceaon ]eoecck$ Bowo| Oeack ]eoe]eoecck$ A. ]sd{on Agy ]eoecck odgo} Eo}ega$ Je. Aseoaaok Is{{ Odgo} Yo}egk$ Bgko Es}}ogn

%IGLIK' Io}egy Oeaok Agy$ ]olok Agy$ %G}doaoiok'$ Aon|hhy Oeaok ]eogy$ Bowo| OeaokDowjsyh %G}doaoiok'$ Gy}eok Oeaok Foen %G}doaoiok' H{ecy meoapghn} oyc< As}e{oq!sd!g}dEg|isddoe onk As}e{oq Oeaok \oyjoy %Od!Saoy'. Gn {eg} jyco{ moyoron oyc bhsnk No}gy!sy!G}doa

]eoecck %La'$ Aoqihhd Odowcc ]eoecck$ O}eyob Koy ]eoecck$ ]eoa}!sd!Eoq ]eoecck$ A.

Oiksddoe Ionjyhh ]eoecck A. d}aoccd Is{{ ]eoecck%EA'. Od{ob _syc}eg$ Lorogk Oeaok ]eodo

%GFE'$ Aolgk Koy%AA' ]olok Agy %[A'$ Fegdccd Lgiyon %ODI_' O|eoy Ao}hhk hb Eoyfo{On}oy'. Aonw po{ygh{} }{gdd donjsg}e Gn pyg}hn} onk {ecyc g} o jodouw hb rodgon{ }hn} hb Fo}eagy

zeh dogk khzn {ecgy dgrc} gn ommhykonmc zg{e {ecgy mhaag{acn{ onk bog{e gn {ys{e. Hsy zhacn

bhdf pdowck nh dc}} o yhdc }ehsdkcy {h }ehsdkcy zg{e acn$ {h bsy{ecy {ec mos}c hb dgicyo{ghn onkG}doa. ]wckoe O}gwoe Onkyoig megcb hb Ksfe{cyon!c!Agddo{ aokc acahyoidc mhn{ygis{ghn {h {ec

}{ysjjdc bgcdk gn hmmspgck F

zgdd hb {ec whsnj ah{ecy.

Asloegkccn byha Pofg}{on$ OLF$ Objeong}{on$ ]skon onk O

kgbbcycn{ poy{} hb {ec }{o{c.



]eoecck Oiksd Feodgq Jonog %Loaod Objeong'$ {hp dcrcd dcokcy

L"FPD ob{cy eg} ms}{hkgod asykcy gn ?77=.

{c hb

gy gnhy hb [EF bhy O|ok Fo}eagy onk Pofg}{on.

Aseoaaok O|oa Gnqgdoig icmoac g{} Jcncyod ]cmyc{oyw. H{ecy ycpyc}cn{o{grc} zcyc6 Pyhb

c. [ecmhn}{g{s{ghn hb OPEM eo} ycmhjng|ck {ec {egyk hp{ghn od}h$ ic}gkc} {ec ygje{ hb Fo}eagyg} {h

mmckc {h Gnkgo hy Pofg}{on ommhykgnj {h {ec SNMGP yc}hds{ghn} hb ?7;5!;7. O myg{gmod onodw}g} hb

{ec}c oddgonmc} onk jyhsp} g} nh{ zg{egn {ec }mhpc hb {eg} oy{gmdc o{ {ec ahacn{.

co{ yc}g}{onmc ahrcacn{ hb Fo}eagyonk }hac$ hb {eca o{{ognck aoy{wykha$ poy{gmsdoydw {ec capdhwcc} hb {ec L " F phdgmc bhymc$

[eg} g} crgkcn{ byha o ncz} kc}po{me byha Loaas iw Oag{ Ioysoe$ mop{ghnck o} )L " F phdgmc

)Ycksmck {h }pcm{o{hy }{o{s} gn {ec Fo}eagy roddcw$ {ec Loaas " Fo}eagy phdgmc g} gn konjcy$

ODDGONMC] GN 70}

[ceyccf!c!Esyygwc{!c!Fo}eagy$ on oddgonmc hb cdcrcn bycckha bgje{gnj poy{gc}$ zo} bhsnk gn

?770 gn ]ygnojoy iw dcokgnj bgjsyc} onk hyjong}o{ghn}. Agon Oiksd _owhha$ ]cnghy Okrhmo

Loaas onk Fo}eagy Egje Mhsy{ zo} g{} mhnrcnhy. [.E.F. jyhsp zo} bhyack gn O|ok Fo}ea?779. [ec os{ehy hb {ec}c dgnc} zo} cdcm{ck mhnrcn

O}eyob ]oyob$ Ky. Jesdoa _okgy Zong$ As}e{oq Oeaok Zong$ Ky. As}e{oq Jccdong$ ]wck\goskkgn Isfeoyg$ ]eslo Oiio} " ]esfhhy O|ok.

OPEM Onh{ecy Fo}eagyg oddgonmc hb =; phdg{gmod$ ycdgjghs} onk }hmgod hyjong|o{ghn} onk jyhsp}

zo} bhyack gn ?77=. Agyzog| Ahdrg Sacy Boyhhq g} {ec Meogyaon hb {ec oddgonm

o

YHDC HB FO]EAGY PHDGMC

Ic}gkc} {eg}$ capdhwcc} hb {ec ]{o{c Jhr{. od}h iomfck {ec jy

zeh pyh{c}{ck ojogn}{ aw}{cyghs} oyyc}{} hb whs{e onk {ecgy ms}{hkgod kco{e} iw {ec hmmspo{ghn

{yhhp} onk icmoac {oyjc{ hb rcnhahs} pyhpojonko gn Gnkgo.

icgnj aoyjgnodg}ck) gn {ec kogdw Egnks Aokyo}$ ]snkow$ 3.9.73. [ec ycphy{ g} bsdd hb oddcjo{ghn}

onk }sjjc}{ghn} ojogn}{ {ec Jhr{. ]hac hb {ec cumcyp{} oyc o} snkcy<

icgnj aoyjgnodg}ck gn {ec Loaas ycjghn o} zcdd gb {ec }cygod ido}{} o{ Aosdono O|ok ]{okgsa

hn ycpsidgm kow oyc onw phgn{cy.)

[ec yhh{ eo} nhz }pycok {h Loaas zg{e {ec phdgmc bogdgnj {h pcybhya g{} cdcacn{oyw ks{gc}. Crcn

{ec dgrc} hb egjedw pyh{cm{ck RGP} oyc nh{ }obc o} kcahn}{yo{ck iw {ec Loaas ido}{}.



O aolhy )ycicddghn) gn {ec ]{o{c phdgmc zo} {ec bgy}{ myg}g} bomck iw Ay. ]oucno gn Lonsoyw ?zg{e {ec L " F Oyack phdgmc cumeonjgnj bgyc zg{e {ec Oyaw o{ {ec phdgmc mhn{yhd yhha %PMY' g

]ygnojoy.

O }cmhn

770n

k )ycrhd{) {hhf pdomc gn ]ygnojoy gn {ec bgy}{ qsoy{cy hb ?77= zg{e oyack phdgmcacn

yhoagnj {ec }{ycc{} hb {ec Roddcw zg{e gapsng{w onk ehdkgnj {ec {ecn KJP. Ay. I. ]. Ickg$ {ec

j

cn{.

k {ec

. [ecyc

Roddcw oycsndgfcdw {h aofc o kgbbcycnmc {h {ec hpcyo{ghn} hb {ec phdgmc.

{

[ec mcn{yod }cmsyg{w bhymc} hpcyo{gnj gn Fo}eagy bccd {eo{ {ec dhmod Fo}eagyg hbbgmcy} onk acn

h }cn}g{grc ac}}ojc} oyc crcy ps{ hs{ hn {ec dhmod phdgmc zgycdc}}.

Okkg{ghnod Megcb ]cmyc{oyw %Ehac'$ Ay. Aoeasksy Yceaon$ onk h{ecy hbbgmgod} eh}{ojc gn}gkc

{ec PMY. [ec Oyaw zo} pyc}}ck gn{h }cyrgmc onk {ec phdgmcacn }syycnkcyck zg{ehs{ o }eh{ icgn

bgyck).

Zcckgnj hs{ hpcyo{ghn} {hhf pdomc hn ih{e {ec hmmo}ghn} zg{e }crcyod phdgmcacn ygje{dw icgnjkg}ag}}ck bhy {ofgnj sp mskjcd} ojogn}{ {ec ]{o{c onk om{gnj o} o rcyg{oidc zgnj hb {ec agdg{on{

ahrca

Ycodg}gnj {eo{ {hsje {odfgnj hs{}gkcy} eok iccn snoidc {h yc}{hyc {ec myckgigdg{w onk cbbgmomw hb {ec ]{o{c phdgmc$ Ay. A. N. ]sieoyzod$ zeh eok iccn }esn{ck hs{ hb Fo}eagy$ zo} opphgn{c

KJP.

[ec ycodg{w gn {ec Roddcw g} {eo{ o ro}{ aolhyg{w hb {ec ]{o{c phdgmc pcy}hnncd zcoy {ecgy sngbhya$

mhac hn ks{w onk kyoz {ecgy }odoygc} kc}pg{c {ec ycmcn{ myco{ghn hb ]pcmgod {o}f bhymc gn odd

kg}{ygm{} hb {ec Roddcw.

[ec }{o{c GP] mokyc g} o {egn hnc zg{e o acyc eonkbsd hb }cnghy hbbgmcy} gn {ec yonf hb GJP

g} hndw hnc Fo}eagyg oahnj {ec bcz hbbgmcy} ehdkgnj {ec yonf hb GJP [ec ycpyc}cn{o{ghn hb dhmod

Fo}eagyg} oahnj {ec KGJ} g} od}h rcyw dhz.

[ec ycmcn{ meonjc} gn {ec ]{o{c phdgmc zg{e {ec {o}f} hb gn{cddgjcnmc jo{ecygnj. MGK$ on{g!

eglomfgnj onk mhsn{cy gn{cddgjcnmc icgnj oddhmo{ck {h GMP} hnc come gn Loaas onk {ec

Od}h {zh hbbgmcy} hb {ec yonf hb ]P eorc iccn pdomck snkcy }s}pcn}ghn bhy {ec }cygod ido}{} {eo

yhmfck Loaas mg{w hn Lonsoyw 92$ fgddgnj }crcn pcy}hn} onk gnlsygnj }crcyod h{ecy}.

monnh{ ic {ys}{ck o} {ecw oyc )gnrhdrck) gn agdg{onmw o{ hnc dcrcd hy onh{ecy. Dhmod Fo}eagyghbbgmcy} zcyc }w}{cao{gmoddw ycahrck 90 byha ph}g{ghn} hb gaphy{onmc ob{cy Jhrcynhy*} ysdc zo}

gaph}ck gn {ec ]{o{c gn Lonsoyw ?770.

[ec konjcy hb )Mhn{oagno{ghn}) onk {ec pygmc pogk iw }gkcdgngnj dhmod hbbgmcy} eo} nh{ ycoddwecdpck {ec Jhrcynacn{ icmos}c egje pyhbgdc gnmgkcn{} eorc mhn{gnsck {h {ofc pdomc kc}pg{c {ec

bom{ {eo{ ){ys}{zhy{ew hbbgmcy}) oyc gn pdomc.

O }sjjc}{ghn aokc iw {ec dhmod phdgmc {h kcpdhw mcn{yod bhymc} gn {ec phdgmc }{o{ghn} gn {ec roddcw

zo} yclcm{ck hs{ hb eonk. bhy bcoy {eo{ {ec Fo}eagyg}. aow dcof gnbhyao{ghn {h {ec agdg{on{}. Gn

bom{$ n



Ahyc hb{cn {eon nh{$ {ec lhi hb {ec dhmod phdgmcaon gn Fo}eagy eo} iccn ycksmck {h eonkgnj hrcyihkgc} hb agdg{on{} onk h{ecy {h {ecgy ncu{ hb fgn onk ycjg}{cygnj BGY*} ob{cy {ec cn{gyc gnmgkcn{ g}

hrcy.

nk

s{ {eg} eo} nh{ iccn om{sodg}ck gn pyom{gmc.

ec io}gm g}}sc} eorc {h ic okkyc}}ck. Bhy on{g agdg{onmw aco}syc} {ec }{o{c phdgmc eo} {h jc{ gn{h{ec om{. O bcz oyyc}{} iw {ec ][B} g} o acyc phgn{cy {h {ec om{sod ph{cn{god hb asme aodgjnck

k dcb{ {ec roddcwahs}gdw. [ecw gnmdskck No{ghnod Mhnbcycnmc$ Pyckc}e Mhnjyc}} %?' onk {ecgy }pdgn{cy cdcacn{}.

ionf hb

}oymo}{gmoddw oihs{ _sogkg O|oa {eo{ Ay. Lgnnoe zo} nh{ {ec aon hb pchpdc.

.

hgnck hsy

n. Hsy }spphy{cy} gn

Pofg}{on$ OF onk cd}czecyc gn {ec zhydk }ehsdk aoyf g{ zcdd onk ycmodd gn agnk {yojgm cpg}hkc}

ysjjdc

dg{gmgon} bhy pcy}hnodjycck onk phzcy ds}{.

]eoecck Isyeon hb Lonozoyg ]hphyc$ Kgrg}ghnod

Mhaaonkcy Od!Bo{oe Bhymc Pchpdc} Dcojsc ob{cy eg}

ms}{hkgod kco{e. ko{ck< ?2!;!73.

[yon}bcy} onk myco{ghn hb ncz ph}{} zgdd nh{ ecdp. Bhy bgrc wcoy}$ {odf hb aofgnj {ec phdgmc }{o

hn g{} bcc{ eo} iccn ecoyk i

[

bhymc) %)Egnks! Aokyo})'

BODD HB PYH!GNKGO MOAP]

[ec msyycn{ Lgeok bhy {ec dgicyo{ghn hb Fo}eagy oao|gnjdw }ehhf Pyh!Gnkgo poy{gc}$ dcokcy} onk

cdg{c gn {ec roddcw. [eg} }cjacn{ hb rc}{ck gn{cyc}{} bcd{ oio}ck onk oio}eck on

Ky. Boyhhq Oiksddoe$ zeh}c Bo{ecy*} jyorc mhn{gnsc} {h ycaogn ecorgdw jsoykck hn {ecKod dofc }gnmc ?75=$ od}h royng}eck byha {ec }mcnc. ]ecgfe Oiksddoe$ eg} bo{ecy hnmc ycaoyfck

Oahnj Pyh!Gnkgo phdg{gmgon} Oiksd Jeong Dhnc dsmfgdw poy{ck zow} zg{e {eg} fgnk hb

caioyyo}}acn{ ob{cy oihs{ {eycc kcmokc}. Ec od}h }sbbcyck gapyg}hnacn{ snkcy Lojaheon*} ysdc

Zc oyc cojcy {h }cc {ec kozn hb {ec kow zecn {ec ac}}cnjcy} hb bycckha jc{ sng{ck ojogn}{Gnkgon s}sypo{ghn hb {ec }{o{c onk mdcon {ecgy yonf} hb sn!ehdw cdcacn{}$ hpphy{sng}{} onk

msnngnj pcy}hn}. [eo{ zgdd ycoddw ic {ec bgy}{ kow hb ncz ojc onk do}{ kow bhy Gnkgo gn Fo}eagy.

Zc kh nh{ eo{c {ec do{c mhacy} gn {ec ahrcacn{ hb bycckha$ pchpdc hy phdg{gmgon} zeh l

yonf} zecn {ecw dh}{ odd ehpc} {h jogn phzcy$ onk cdcm{ghn} icmoac gyycdcron{ gn Fo}eagy. Is{$zc }ehsdk nh{ aofc bsn hb {ec eg}{hyw hb bycckha iw }co{gnj }sme pchpdc o{ {ec {hp hb {eh}c }hn}

zeh}c mhaag{acn{ onk bog{e gn {ec gkchdhjw hb bycckha ycaognck sn}eofcoidc gn {ec koyf

kcmokc} hb hsy eg}{hyw. [ec do{c mhacy} }ehsdk nh{ {yc}po}} hn {ec ygje{} hb coydgc}{ onkmhaag{{ck }hn} hb hsy ahrcacn{ bhy bycckha onk ygje{ hb }cdb! kc{cyagno{gh

hb As}dga }hmgc{gc}$ mgrgdg|o{ghn$ onk }bhy o ls}{ no{ghnod mos}c gn}pgyck iw bog

{o{c} mos}ck iw ewphmyg{c} onk bgb{e mhdsang}{}. ]{{e onk mhaag{acn{ g} cn{gycdw kgbbcycn{ byha om{grg{gc}

mhnksm{ck iw gnkgrgksod} onk ph



]eoecck Io}egy Oeaok Is{{$ odgo} Feodgk!sd!G}doa$ [ce}gd Mhaaonkcy hb acyjck Lgeok Bhymc hb

L " F Pchpdc} dcojsc gn Ionkgpsy.

SP]SYJC ONK YCPYC]]GHN

G{ zo} gn {ec bo{cbsd wcoy} hb 50} {eo{ whs{e cnjojck zg{e phdgmc gn pg{meck }{ycc{ io{{dc} onk

*yog}ck }dhjon} nh{ hndw ojogn}{ Gnkgo is{ ojogn}{ phdg{gmod onk ycdgjghs} dcokcy} hb Fo}eagy o}zcdd. [ec pg{meck }{hnc io{{dc} ic{zccn phdgmc onk pchpdc hmmsyyck odah}{ kogdw gn {ec roddcw onk

mhn{gnsck bhy kow} {hjc{ecy.

Gn Hm{. ?75= hnc kow gn{cyno{ghnod ao{me ic{zccn mygmfc{ {coa} hb Gnkgo onk Zc}{ Gnkgc} gn {ec]hnozoy Mygmfc{ ]{okgsa onk kg}pdow hb o eg}{hygmod onk ycrhds{ghnoyw bgda )HAOY

ASFE[OY) gn {ec mgncao eodd} hb ]ygnojoy onk ]hphyc gnbs}ck ahyc cncyjw onk idhhk gn hsy

phdg{gmod ahrcacn{. Gn ?75;$ ob{cy }ccgnj {ec bgy}{ ngje{ }ehz hb Haoy Asfe{oy$ {ec ahi moac

hs{ hb {ec Ycjod Mgncao eodd$ }phn{onchs}dw yog}ck }dhjon} ojogn}{ Gnkgo. onk ]ecgfe Oiksddoeonk od}h kc}{yhwck pgm{syc} hb ]ecgfe Oiksddoe onk h{ecy pyh!Gnkgon dcokcy} onk }gjn ihoyk hb

No{ghnod mhnbcycnmc gn {ec mg{w. Gn ?75;. Aseoaaok Aoqihhd Is{{ zo} }cn{ {h joddhz} iw Gnkgo

gn Kcdeg$ Zg{ehs{ onw hilcm{ghn iw {ec }{o{c Megcb Agng}{cy Boyhhq Oiksddoe. Pcyeop} eg}aoy{wykha od}h zo} acon{ {h }eopc {ec kc}{gnw hb Fo}eagy$ onk ahyc {ycahy} }{oy{ck }eofgnj

roddcw crcywkow. Hn ]snkow$ 92 Osjs}{$ 5;$ Je. Eo}}on Nogf o {ogdhy hb Ioyoasddo zo} {hy{syck{h kco{e snkcy oyaw gn{cyyhjo{ghn gn Ioyoasdgo. [eg} {yojgm crcn{ od}h poyodw}ck dgbc bhy aonw

kow} gn mg{gc} onk {hzn} hb {ec roddcw.

Byha ?75; hnzoyk} {ec }{ysjjdc bhy {ec bycckha hb Fo}eagy icmoac ahyc pyhnhsnmck onk g{}

gn{cn}g{w zo} bcd{ crcyw zecyc ob{cy come }smmcckgnj wcoy$ onk {ec oyig{yoyw om{ghn} hb psppc{

ysdcy} ojogn}{ {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy gnmyco}ck crcyw kow onk ngje{.

Ob{cy doyjc }modc ygjjgnj gn ?75: cdcm{ghn}$ phdg{gmod dcokcy}$ zhyfcy} onk {ecgy }wapo{eg}cy}$

zcyc oyyc}{ck onk kc{ognck snkcy royghs} idomf doz}$ zegme poyodw}ck doz onk hykcy onk pchpdc}{oy{ck s}gnj pc{yhd ihai} gn }{ycc{ io{{dc} ojogn}{ phdgmc. [eg} zo} o mdcoy }gjnod {h {ec GnkgonJhr{. {eo{ {ec pyc}cn{ jcncyo{ghn hb Fo}eagyg} zhsdk jh {h onw cu{cn{ {h omegcrc {ec jhod hb

gnkcpcnkcnmc.

Gn ?755 hsy phdg{gmod ahrcacn{ porck zow bhy }hac }hy{ hb oyack yc}g}{onmc. Ehdkgnj hb jsn}onk {eyhzgnj hb ihai} hn Gnkgon bhymc} ihh}{ck sp ahyodc hb jcncyod psidgm gn ?757. Gn ?770

ao}} phdg{gmod ahigdg}o{ghn onk s}c hb jsn} iw whsnj acn ojogn}{ Gnkgon {yhhp} ycomeck {h g{}



pcof. [ec }pygnj hb ?770 kcahn}{yo{ck on snihsnkck onk jyomcbsd psidgm ahyodc$ zecn ah}qsc}onk }{ycc{} cmehck zg{e on{g Gnkgo }dhjon} iw {ec }co hb esaon icgnj} onk {ec nhg}c hb eonk

jycnokc} onk jsn bgyc} zo} ecoyk crcywzecyc gn mg{gc} onk {hzn} {gdd Gnkgo kcmdoyck Fo}eagy o

kg}{syick ycjghn onk gnrhfck {ec L " F Oyack Bhymc} }pcmgod phzcy} Om{ ?735 {h fgdd gnnhmcn{acn$ zhacn onk megdkycn hb Fo}eagy. [eg} zo} o dgmcn}c bhy jcnhmgkc$ ongaod ds}{ onk iys{odg{w

jgrcn {h {ec Gnkgon$ oyack bhymc} gn Fo}eagy. Gn {eg} zow Gnkgo moac zg{e o ecorw eonk {h }{hppchpdc byha zodfgnj kogdw cncao} {h ]hnozoy$ {h {ec Ecok _soy{cy hb {ec Agdg{oyw hi}cyrcy}Jyhsp hb SNH gn ]ygnojoy$ onk {ygck {h msyi {ec io}gm ygje{} hb {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy. Gnkgo od}h

}{oy{ck gapdcacn{gnj ecy pdon hb whs{e dgqsgko{ghn gn ?770. Ommhykgnjdw$ myomf!khzn onk mhykhn

hb mg{gc} onk {hzn}$ ehs}c {h ehs}c }coyme$ gkcn{gbgmo{ghn poyokc$ bofc cnmhsn{cy}$ kc{cn{ghn$

gn{cyyhjo{ghn onk {hy{syc fgddgnj} snkcy phdgmc ms}{hkw hn o ao}}grc }modc$ {hhf pdomc gn crcywpoy{ hb {ec roddcw. Kgbbcycn{ agdg{oyw hpcyo{ghn} eorc iccn mhnksm{ck {gdd ko{c }sme o} hpcyo{ghn

]egro$ Hpcyo{ghn [gjcy$ Hpcyo{ghn Bhu$ Hpcyo{ghn Jeh}{ onk Hpcyo{ghn Jhhk zgdd c{m.

[ec mhdk idhhkck asykcy hb Agyzog| ahdrg Aseoaaok Boyhhq zo} gnbdgm{ck hn Ahnkow 9?$Aow ?770$ bhddhzck iw jeo}{dw ao}}omyc hb hrcy 900 ahsyncy} gn o igj bsncyod moyywgnj {ec

mhbbgn hb aoy{wyck Agyzog| snkcy ecorw yogn hb isddc{} iw Gnkgon hmmspo{ghn {yhhp} o{ Jhjzoyokhzn{hzn.

Gdds}{yo{ck zccfdw hb Gnkgo$ o boahs} aojo|gnc cupdogn} {ec Hpcyo{ghn [gjcy gn {ec}c zhyk}<

)Zg{nc}} {ec ycmcn{dw dosnmeck hpcyo{ghn {gjcy zegme g} kgbbcycn{ byha pycrghs} hpcyo{ghn} hndw gn }h boy o} g{ {omg{dw }onm{ghn} kco{e} ksygnj gn{cyyhjo{ghn onk aoyf} on ommcdcyo{ghn gn

{ec nsaicy hb bofc cnmhsn{cy} zegme eorc icmhac o yhs{gnc hmmsyycnmc gn }{ygbc {hyn Psnloi.

Od{ehsje K.J.P. Ickg orcy} {ec gn{cn{ghn}$ }cnghy phdgmc hbbgmgod} pygro{cdw mhnbc}} {eo{ g{ g} o)mo{me onk fgdd phdgmw. O} o }cnghy Jhr{6 hbbgmgod {esnkcy}!)Agdg{on{} }ehsdk ic }cjycjo{ck onk

}eh{). [eg} dgnc hb om{ghn g} idgnkdw psy}sck crcn gn mo}c} zecyc {ec aon*} mhapdgmg{w eo} nh{

iccn o}mcy{ognck.)

Hbbgmgod eonk hs{} g}}sck iw {ec os{ehyg{gc} ido{on{dw o{{cap{ {h zeg{c zo}e }sme mo}c}.

[ec oihrc acn{ghnck Gnkgon lhsynod eo} gkcn{gbgck }hac gnnhmcn{ Fo}eagyg} zeh}c asykcy jgrc}

cwc zg{nc}} lhsynodg}{} o jhyw!}gje{ zecn {ecw }cc o bgb{ccn wcoy hdk Aseoaaok Woqhhi zg{e

poy{ hb eg} oya ygppck hbb$ cuph}gnj {ec cn{yogd}. [ec aojo|gnc zyg{c} {eo{ gnmgkcn{} dgfc {eg} eorciccn gnmyco}gnjdw mhaahn gn {ec idcckgnj rodc hb Fo}eagy. )[ec }oac qsh{c} o }cnghy Jhr{.

hbbgmgod gn ]ygnojoy$ )whs oyc cdgagno{gnj agdg{on{} gn oyg{eac{gmod pyhjyc}}ghn onk jcncyo{gnj o

ncz }c{ hb agdg{on{} iw jchac{ygmod pyhjyc}}). [ec aojo|gnc ojogn kg}mdh}c} {ec psyph}c icegnk{ec}c ys{edc}} fgddgnj}) onk ah}{ hb {ec}c }cn}cdc}} fgddgnj} oyc pcypc{yo{ck iw {ec pcy}hnncd hb

{ec I]B. [ec ac}}ojc g} *mdcoy$ {cyyhyg}c {ec pchpdc {h }siag}}ghn. Onk zg{e crcyw }sme gnmgkcn{

{ec pchpdc*} eo{yck bhy {ec Gnkgon bhymc} ycmcgrc} o byc}e gapc{s}. [ec gdds}{yo{ck zccfdw hb Gnkgo

aofc} bsy{ecy }cn}o{ghnod kg}mdh}syc} hn Gnkgon phdg{gmod ewphmyg}w gn {ec}c zhyk}).

I]B Gn}pcm{hy Jcncyod GJ. Po{cd oddcjckdw ycaogn} gn ycjsdoy {hsme zg{e {ec ILP {hp iyo}} onk

zgddgnjdw {hc} {ecgy eoyk!dgnc hn Fo}eagy. Ob{cy }cyrgnj gn {ec roddcw gn royghs} mopomg{gc} bhy {ec

do}{ :!5 wcoy} ec eo} ls}{ ycmcgrck on cu{cn}ghn gn yczoyk bhy eg} }cyrgmc}).



Ec zyg{c} {eo{ {ec )pchpdc*} }spphy{ bhy {ec ahrcacn{ g} jyhzgnj iw dcop} onk ihsnk}

[ec Gnkgon Bhymc} oyc mhaag{{gnj ecgnhs} mygac} ojogn}{ {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy bhy {ec do}{ bhsy

wcoy}. Ahdc}{o{ghn hb zhacn onk jonj!yopc} gn kgbbcycn{ poy{} hb {ec ecdk {cyyg{hyw }sme o}

FSNON PH]EPHYO onk Meonophyoe$ Zsdoy Ionkgphyc$ ]hphyc onk h{ecy poy{} oyc o mdcoy

pyhhb hb Gnkgon iys{odg{gc} gn Fo}eagy. Gn Fods}o Ionkgpsy gnnhmcn{ zgbc hb Io}egy Oeack]ecgfe }cnghy zhyfcy hb L"F pchpdc} Dcojsc zo} gn{cyyhjo{ck$ {hy{syck onk kyojjck hs{ hb ecy

ehs}c iw hmmspo{ghn {yhhp}$ {h kgrsdjc gnbhyao{ghn oihs{ ecy es}ionk. Zgbc hb onh{ecy zhyfcy{ecn hb {ec }oac rgddojc zo} od}h ico{cn iw }hdkgcy} ksygnj o }coyme hpcyo{ghn gn ?77=.

Fesy}ecck Okgd o whsnj aon hb ]hphyc zo} iys{oddw asykcyck gn I]B ms}{hkw gn ?77?. Eg}

ms}{hkgod kco{e ycaogn} o aw}{cyw o} eg} kcok ihkw zo} nh{ eonkck hrcy {h eg} poycn{}. [ec

nsaicy hb }sme bygje{bsd mo}c} eo} nhz yg}cn* {h {ehs}onk}.

Odd {eg} g} o poy{ hb {ecgy ao}{cy pdon {h dgqsgko{c onk esagdgo{c Fo}eagyg acn onk zhacn onk

cdgagno{c odd {ec whsnj acn zeh eorc o{{ognck agdg{oyw ojc. Zg{e {eg} kc}gjn gn rgcz$ gn {ec bgy}{

zccf hb Lonsoyw ?77= o I]B ycjgacn{ mhykhnck hbb ]hphyc o kcn}cdw phpsdo{ck mg{w onk o

is}gnc}} mcn{yc {h pyhrc {ecgy sppcy eonk hn asloegkccn. [ec ]hphyc moynojc {hhf pdomc hn 2{eLonsoyw ?77= gn zegme yc}gkcn{god ehs}c} onk }ehp} zcyc isyn{ {h o}ec} onk o nsaicy hb acn

onk zhacn zcyc is{mecyck hy yho}{ck odgrc iw acn hb poyoagdg{oyw bhymc}. Ob{cy }hac ahn{e}{eg} {yojgm cpg}hkc zo} ycpco{ck gn {ec }eopc hb {ec ao}}omyc hb Igligeoyo {h }gdcnmc {ec pcomcbsd

kcahn}{yo{hy}$ zeh eok jo{ecyck gn {ec }{ycc{} {h pyh{c}{ ojogn}{ {ec }gcjc hb Koyjoe Eo|yo{iod

iw Gnkgon Hmmspo{ghn {yhhp}. Ay. Rcnfg{c}e Yoaofyg}enoy aokc bhddhzgnj hi}cyro{ghn}$ gn eg}

ycphy{ byha ]ygnojoy gn )Byhn{dgnc) ko{ck$ ??!9!7;$ Snkcy {ec okop{o{ghn) ]gaacygnj ]{o{c).

)[ec o{ah}pecyc oyhsnk Eo|yo{iod g} gn ahyc zow} {eon hnc .}waihdgm hb {ec jcncyod }g{so{ghn gn {ec roddcw. Hs{zoykdw {ec Jhrcynacn{ onk g{} }cmsyg{w bhymc} eorc mhn{yhd. Is{$

zecn g{ khac} {h {ec om{sod cucymg}c hb os{ehyg{w onk {ec pchpdc*} phzcy hb gnbdscnmc$ {ec

Jhrcynacn{ }cca} {h eorc nh ehdk o{ odd. Ommhykgnj {h hi}cyrcy}$ {eg} g} {ysc hb {ec zehdc]{o{c. )

]hphyc$ zecyc {ec I]B onk agdg{on{} bhsje{ o idhhkw io{{dc do}{ wcoy$ g} nhz }zoyagnj zg{e

I]B. pcy}hnncd. [ec jsn} eorc boddcn }gdcn{ onk g{ oppcoyck {h ic is}gnc}} o} s}sod. Is{ {ec h{ecy

bom{hy} phgn{ck hs{ iw {ec }cnghy hbbgmcy} gnmdskc {ec oi}cnmc hb doyjc }modc poy{gmgpo{ghn Hb dhmodphdgmc bhymc} c}pcmgoddw {ec Loaas onk Fo}eagy Oyack phdgmc gn mhsn{cy gn}syjcnmw hpcyo{ghn}.

)Bhy Onw mhsn{cy!gn}syjcnmw hpcyo{ghn {h }smmcck {ec dhmod Phdgmc eorc {h jc{ gnrhdrck gn o igj

zow. Hndw {ecn zhsdk {ec phdg{gmod pyhmc}} od}h icmhac acongnjbsd$) hnc hb {eca phgn{ck hs{.

Ommhykgnj {h ycpyc}cn{o{grc} hb esaon ygje{} hyjong|o{ghn} onk No{ghnod Mhnbcycnmc dcokcy}$

mo}c} hb gnnhmcn{} icgnj {hy{syck iw {ec }cmsyg{w ojcnmgc} mhn{gnsc. ]cnghy }cmsyg{w hbbgmgod} od}h

okag{ {eg}. Hnc hb {eca {hdk Byhn{dgnc {eo{ oppyhugao{cdw 93 pcy mcn{ hb {ec pchpdc icgnj

yhsnkck sp iw {ec bhymc} ksygnj )Myomfkhzn) hpcyo{ghn} oyc gnnhmcn{}. Is{ esaon ygje{}hyjong|o{ghn} }ow {eg} g} o rcyw dhz c}{gao{c. )g{ g} nh{ hndw gn yhsnkgnj sp onk kc{cn{ghn {eo{

gnnhmcn{} oyc rgm{gag}ck. O doyjc nsaicy hb {ec}c pchpdc om{soddw jc{ fgddck iw {ec bhymc}$) }ogk

on om{grg}{ o}}hmgo{ck zg{e {ec gn}{g{s{c hb Fo}eagy ]{skgc}. O ycmcn{ }{skw psidg}eck iw {ecGn}{g{s{c }ow} {eo{ hb {ec 957 ms}{hkgod kco{e} gn {ec ]{o{c gn {ec wcoy {gdd ]cp{caicy ?77=$ ?9?

zcyc hb nhn!agdg{on{}.



]hac hbbgmgod} gn {ec }cmsyg{w bhymc} kh nh{ kcnw {eg} ph}}gigdg{w. )Is{ zeo{ mon zc kh8 [ecjhrcynacn{ o}f} bhymc} dgfc {ec I]B onk {ec Oyaw {h mhnksm{ gn{cyyhjo{ghn gn moap}$ o {o}f bhy

zegme {ecw oyc nh{ {yognck$ onk {eg} dcok} {h o{yhmg{gc} o{ {gac}. Ehz mon zc ecdp gb {ec

Jhrcynacn{ khc} nh{ eorc o mdcoy phdgmw hn zeo{ {h kh onk ehz {h kh8) o}fck o }cnghy hbbgmcy).%Cumcyp{} byha Byhn{dgnc Aokyo}) Ky. Foyon ]gnje yog}ck eg} rhgmc gn borhsy hb Fo}eagyg

psnkg{}$ is{ gn {ec }oac iyco{e {ec okag{{ck$ )G{ g} kgbbgmsd{ {h hbbcy onw cupdono{ghn} zecn whsecoy }{hygc} hb o{yhmg{gc} hn {ec poy{ hb Gnkgon bhymc}. [ec }{hygc} oyc nhz {hh zcdd khmsacn{ck

bhy s} {h gjnhyc {eca). %]snkow Modms{{o 90!9: Nhrcaicy ?77=$ Pojc 95' .

)Onk bhy {ec bgy}{ {gac$ ec }{o{c} hn {ec ycmhyk {eo{ {ecyc mon ic nh jhgnj iomf {h {ec pyc ?757

}{o{s} qsh. Eg} rgcz g} {eo{ {ec }g{so{ghn eo} meonjck bhy crcy onk {eo{ Fo}eagy mon ncrcy icmhac ls}{ onh{ecy Gnkgon }{o{c o} g{ zo} icbhyc {ec myg}g} cupdhkck).%]snkow 90!9: Nhrcaicy

?77=$ Pojc ?= ?' .

Cumcyp{} byha ycphy{ hn Fo}eagy ?77; iw Esaon ygje{} zo{me(O}go bhyacydw O}go Zo{me' o S.].

io}ck hyjong|o{ghn$ oyc ecyc snkcy<

)O} {ec mhnbdgm{ gn Fo}eagy mhn{gnsc} gn g{} bgb{e wcoy$ {ec Jhr{. hb Gnkgo oppcoy} {h eorc }{cppck

sp g{} mo{me onk fgdd moapogjn ojogn}{ As}dga gn}syjcn{}. O} o yc}sd{$ esaon ygje{} ois}c}$

poy{gmsdoydw kco{e gn ms}{hkw eorc c}modo{ck }gnmc coydw ?77;.

[ec }saaoyw cucms{ghn hb kc{ogncc} iw {ec Gnkgon oyaw$ {ec Ihykcy ]cmsyg{w Bhymc %I]B' onk

h{ecy }cmsyg{w pcy}hnncd eo} iccn o eoddaoyf hb mhsn{cy gn}syjcnmw hpcyo{ghn} gn Fo}eagy. [ecycg} nh pycmg}c bgjsyc bhy {ec nsaicy hb pcy}hn} fgddck gn ms}{hkw }gnmc {ec mhnbdgm{ icjon gn ?770$

is{ ycmhyk} fcp{ iw esaon ygje{} jyhsp} }sjjc}{ {eo{ {ec nsaicy} oyc o{ dco}{ gn {ec esnkyck}$

onk pcyeop} egjecy. Gn {ec bgy}{ eodb hb 7;$ esaon ygje{} jyhsp} gn Fo}eagy ycmhykck 900 }smekco{e} gn ms}{hkw. [ec Loaas onk Fo}eagy Ioy O}}hmgo{ghn ycphy{ck bgb{w }saaoyw cucms{ghn}

ic{zccn agk!Aow onk agk!Lsnc odhnc.)

)Gnkgon ]cmsyg{w Bhymc} eorc mhn{gnsck {h fgdd snoyack mgrgdgon} gn yc{odgo{ghn bhy agdg{on{

o{{omf}. Gn ah}{ mo}c} {ec}c gnmgkcn{} bhddhz agdg{on{ oais}ec} gn zegme }cmsyg{w bhymc} oycgnlsyck hy fgddck. Mgrgdgon} dgrgnj gn {ec oyco} zecyc ! {ec oais}e {hhf pdomc {oyjc{ck bhy

ycpyg}od.)

)Kg}oppcoyonmc} eorc iccn hn {ec yg}c gn Fo}eagy. Kg}oppcoyonmc} oyc bomgdg{o{ck iw {ec bom{ {eo{{ec }cmsyg{w bhymc} yhs{gncdw kg}ycjoyk doz} ycqsgygnj kc{ogncc} {h ic pyhksmck gn mhsy{.

Ommhykgnj {h {ec Loaas onk Fo}eagy Ioy O}}hmgo{ghn$ hb {ec hnc esnkyck hy ahyc pcy}hn}

oyyc}{ck crcyw kow gn Fo}eagy$ nhnc g} pyhksmck icbhyc o aojg}{yo{c zg{egn {zcn{w bhsy ehsy}$ o}ycqsgyck iw doz!kc}pg{c {ec bom{ {eo{$ gn do{c ?77=$ Agng}{cy bhy Gn{cynod Kcbcn}c Ay. Yolc}e Pgdh{

g}}sck o kgycm{grc {h odd }cmsyg{w bhymc} gn Fo}eagy$ moddgnj hn {eca {h hicw {ec doz.

Kg}oppcoyonmc} oyc bsy{ecy bomgdg{o{ck iw {ec bom{ {eo{ {ec kc{ogncc} oyc ecdk gn }cmyc{ kc{cn{ghn

mcn{cy}$ zg{ehs{ ommc}} {h dozwcy} hy boagdw. Ommhykgnj {h {ec Ioy O}}hmgo{ghn$ hb {ec }crcyod{ehs}onk eoico} mhyps} pc{g{ghn} pcnkgnj gn {ec Egje Mhsy{ o} hb Lsnc 7; {ec mhsy{} eorc

yc}phnkck {h bczcy {eon hnc).



Gn{cyno{ghnod esaon ygje{} doz pyhegig{} {hy{syc onk h{ecy myscd gnesaon hy kcjyokgnj {yco{acn{hb psng}eacn{. )[hy{syc g} zgkcdw pyom{g}ck gn Fo}eagy o} o acon} hb cu{yom{gnj gnbhyao{ghn

byha kc{ogncc}$ mhcymgnj mhnbc}}ghn}$ psng}egnj pcy}hn} icdgcrck }wapo{ec{gm {h {ec agdg{on{}

onk myco{gnj o mdgao{c hb phdg{gmod ycpyc}}ghn. G{ g} mhaahn gn gn{cyyhjo{ghn mcn{yc} ysn iw {ecoyaw$ I]B onk MYPB {eyhsjehs{ Fo}eagy.) Rgy{soddw crcywhnc {ofcn gn {ec ms}{hkw g} {hy{syck.

Ac{ehk} gnmdskc cdcm{ygm }ehmf} isyngnj zg{e gyhn} onk h{ecy eco{ck hilcm{}$ mys}egnj dcjas}mdc} zg{e o ecorw yhddcy$ }crcyc ico{gnj}$ }s}pcn}ghn iw {ec oya} hy iw {ec dcj}$ zg{e {ecrgm{ga eonjgnj sp}gkc khzn. Kc{ogncc} eorc od}h iccn }silcm{ck {h p}wmehdhjgmod {hy{syc

gnmdskgnj g}hdo{ghn onk {eyco{} {eo{ {ecw hy {ecgy boagdgc} zhsdk ic fgddck.

)Crcyw }cmsyg{w bhymc eo} g{} hzn gn{cyyhjo{ghn mcn{yc} gn Fo}eagy$ zegme gnmdskc {caphyoyw

kc{cn{ghn mcn{yc} o{ I]B onk oyaw moap}$ eh{cd} onk h{ecy isgdkgnj} {eo{ eorc iccn {ofcn hrcyiw }cmsyg{w bhymc}. Kc{ogncc} oyc bgy}{ gn{cyyhjo{ck iw {ec kc{ogngnj }cmsyg{w bhymc bhy pcyghk} hb

{gac zegme aow yonjc byha }crcyod ehsy} {h }crcyod zccf}. Ksygnj {eg} {gac {ec kc{ogncc )g} nh{

pyhksmck icbhyc o mhsy{ hy jgrcn ommc}} {h onwhnc hs{}gkc {ec gn{cyyhjo{ghn mcn{cy. [eh}c}s}pcm{ck hb icgnj agdg{on{} oyc {ecn s}soddw eonkck hrcy {h mhsn{cy gn{cddgjcnmc Fo}eagy %MGF'$

onk gn{cyyhjo{ck o{ Lhgn{ Gn{cyyhjo{ghn Mcn{cy %LGM' o{ zegme come }cmsyg{w bhymc g} ycpyc}cn{ck.Kc{cn{ghn o{ {ec LGM aow do}{ bhy ahn{e}. Esaon Ygje{} Jyhsp} gn Gnkgo onk Fo}eagy eorc

gkcn{gbgck ahyc {eon bgb{w gn{cyyhjo{ghn mcn{cy} zecyc {hy{syc g} pyom{g}ck).

)Onh{ecy }hykgk {odc ycdo{c} {h o ?7 wcoy hdk jgyd hb ]ygnojoy$ kyojjck hs{ hb ecy ehac iw {ec

}hdkgcy} hb I]B$ ksygnj o moapogjn hb myomfkhzn. Ncz}popcy ycphy{} }ogk {eo{ o As}dga jgyd

zo} bhymgidw dhmfck gn o I]B moap {h }o{g}bw Gnkgon }hdkgcy} ongaod ds}{ onk iycof no{ghn*} zgdd$pygkc onk yc}pcm{ bhy {ec rgyjgng{w onk }onm{g{w hb As}dga jgyd}. [ec gnnhmcn{ {ccnojcy zo} fcp{

snkcy acn{od(pew}gmod {hy{syc iw I]B gn {ecgy moap bhy ?00 dhnj kow} onk ngje{}. Bgnoddw$ ob{cy

ecy ecod{e mhddop}ck$ }ec zo} {eyhzn hs{ icbhyc o dhmod phdgmc }{o{ghn. Ncz}popcy ycphy{} bsy{ecy}ogk {eo{ {ec kgrg}ghnod mhaag}}ghncy hb Fo}eagy Ay. ]. Fophhy eok mhnbgyack {ec {yojgm

cpg}hkc onk o}}syck {ec onjyw psidgm {eo{ 'ec oddcjo{ghn zhsdk ic {ehyhsjedw gnrc}{gjo{ck.Ojcnmw ycphy{} okkck {eo{ {ecyc zcyc }h aonw h{ecy gnnhmcn{ jgyd}$ bomgnj {ec }oac

pdgje{(jysc}hac {odc gn {ec I]B moap} hb Kg}{ygm{ Iokjoa). )Gn}ob) Pgnk.

Ncz}popcy ycphy{} ycrcod {eo{ {ecyc zcyc o{ pyc}cn{ 72 mygagnod mo}c} ycjg}{cyck ojogn}{ Gnkgon

{yhhp} gn {ec ]hphyc phdgmc }{o{ghn. Odd }sme mo}c} ycdo{c {h asykcy$ mygagnod o}}osd{ hn zhacn

onk {ecgy ahdc}{o{ghn$ onk jonj yopc. Is{$ nhz {ec ].P. hb {ec oyco eo} bhyigkkcn odd phdgmc}{o{ghn} byha ycjg}{cygnj onw B.G.Y. ojogn}{ hmmspo{ghn }hdkgcy}$ icmos}c }sme mo}c} iygnj o iok

noac hn poyoagdg{oyw bhymc}. )Gn}ob) Zccfdw.

]eoecck Jesdoa Aheoaaok odgo} Yo}egk$ Kgrg}ghnod Mhaaonkcy

Ioyoasddo onk Fspzoyo Od!Bo{oe Bhymc icbhyc eg} aoy{wykha hn

?2.=.73.



MEYOYG ]EOYGB [YOJCKW

Meyoyg ]eoygb [yojckw g} wc{ onh{ecy pyhhb hb {ec Gnkgon {cyyhyg}a gn Fo}eagy. ]egyo| ]gkero

zyg{c} gn Bgnonmgod [gac} Dhnkhn )Meoyoyg ]eoygb$ nc}{dck gn o roddcw gn Mcn{yod Fo}eagy$ dhhf}

dgfc o jeh}{ {hzn byha {ec egdd} }syyhsnkgnj g{). G{ zyg{c}$ )[ec rgddojcy} oyhsnk Meyoyg ]eoygb

gn}g}{ {ecw }oz {ec Oyaw isyn khzn {ec }eygnc. ]hac }ow Oyaw pdonc} kyhppck jsnphzkcy hrcy{ec roddcw hn Aow 5 onk {ecn bgyck ahy{oy} {h }c{ g{ obdoac). %No{ghn$ G}doaoiok!?5.3.73'.

Ahddw Ahhyc onk Lhen Zoyk Onkcy}hn ycphy{ {h Zo}egnj{hn ph}{ byha ]ygnojoy$ )Hrcyngje{$

crcyw!{egnj meonjck gn {eg} Egaodowon roddcw {hzn hn Aow ?0$ {ec noyyhz }{ycc{} is}{dck zg{e

As}dga Zhacn zeh*k }eck {ecgy idomf isyfo} bhy iygje{ Cgk ehdgkow kyc}}c}...)

)Hn Aow ??$ {ec Mopg{od hb {ec Fo}eagy Roddcw zo} kc}cy{ck$ g{} }{ycc{} jsoykck iw jyga bomck

poyoagdg{oyw {yhhp} cnbhymgnj o }{ycc{ msybcz zg{e {coyjo} onk ygbdc}... )

)O 330 wcoy hdk }eygnc isgd{ {h ehnhsy {ec po{yhn }ogn{ hb Fo}eagy roddcw eok iccn isyn{ {h {ec

jyhsnk...)

Ahyc {eon ?300 ehs}c} onk }ehp} gn {ec Ahsn{ogn}gkc hb {hzn hb Meyoyg ]eoygb eok iccn ycksmck

{h }ahsdkcygnj ysiidc.)

[ec ycphy{} }ow}$ )Dhhfck o{ hn o doyjcy }modc$ {ec yo|gnj hb {ec {hzn g} gdds}{yo{grc hb ehz dhz

Gnkgo yhs{gncdw oppyhomec} g{} ah}{ mhapdcu phdg{gmod kgbbgmsd{gc}... Nozo!g!Zoq{ G}doaoiok

%?2.3.73'.

Olg{ Ieo{{omeoylgo %Gnkgon Mhaacn{o{hy' zyg{c} . gn )Pghnccy)<! )G{ g} eoyk {h icdgcrc {eo{ crcn

{ec ah}{ jsnj eh Mhaaonkcy zhsdk hykcy on o{{omf hn$ hy crcn }ecddgnj hb$ Meyoyg ]eoygb hn {ec

ehdw kow hb Cgk. Gb {ec agdg{on{} zon{ck$ {ecw mhsdk eorc }c{ g{ oido|c onw kow gn {ec do}{ {zhahn{e}.) %Nozo!g! Zoq{ G}doaoiok 92.2.73'.

G{ zo} bhddhzck iw wc{ onh{ecy bgyc gn Mesfsy$ Ionkgpsy$ zecyc o boahs} }eygnc hb Odeol _oz}oy

Noqo}eionkg$ o ah}qsc onk o. dgiyoyw zo} isyn{ {h o}ec} iw {yhhp}.

[eg} mwmdc hb jysc}hac {yojgm crcn{} zgdd ycaogn gnmhapdc{c6 sndc}} zc ycmodd {ec Jozfokod

ao}}omyc hb Lonsoyw ?770 ! Yg{s ]oygn %Gnkgon mhdsang}{' ycmhddcm{} {ec {eyco{ gn {ec )Pghnccy$Ncz Kcdeg gn {ec}c dgnc}<!

)Hn Lonsoyw ?770$ crcn o} Lojaheon$ {ec ncz Jhrcynhy hb Loaas onk Fo}eagy zo} aofgnj o

}hy{ hb }zcoygnj gn }pccme gn ]ygnojoy$ {yhhp} bhyack o acnomgnj ygnj oyhsnk pyh{c}{cy} ncoy {ecJozofokod Iygkjc. [ec snoyack Fo}eagyg} zcyc aoymegnj gn pyh{c}{ ojogn}{ {ec oyig{yoyw!

aonncy gn zegme {ecgy ehac} eok iccn }coymeck {ec }oac ahyngnj. O{ dco}{ o esnkyck pchpdc

zcyc ahrck khzn gn {ec ao}}omyc {eo{ bhddhzck$ mhn}gkcyck {ec zhy}{ gn Fo}eagy*} eg}{hyw.Ob{cy {ec }ehh{gnj$ {ec ihkgc} zcyc ksapck gn{h {ysmf} onk {ofcn {h {ec phdgmc ecokqsoy{cy} bhy

kg}ph}od.)



Lhsynodg}{ [odrccn ]gnje ycjoyk} {ec Jhzofokod ao}}omyc o} {ec {syngnj phgn{ gn {ec ph}{!poy{g{ghn eg}{hyw hb {ec Fo}eagy Roddcw. Gn ecy ommhsn{ {g{dck )Fo}eagy) ! O [yojckw hb Cyyhy}$)

]ec zyg{c} {eo{ {gdd {ec Jozofokod gnmgkcn{$ {ec yc}gkcn{} hb Fo}eagy mhsdk eorc idoack Gnkgo hb

phdg{gmod ycpyc}}ghn$ hy kcnwgnj {eca {ecgy ygje{ {h }cdb!kc{cyagno{ghn hb fccpgnj {eca bhymgidwzg{egn {ec Gnkgon Snghn$ is{ nhihkw mhsdk eorc omms}ck Gnkgo hb onw aolhy esaon ygje{}

rghdo{ghn}.

[ec Jozofokod ao}}omyc meonjck odd {eo{. Crcywhnc idoack Lojaheon bhy g{} boddhs{$ }pcmgoddw*}gnmc ahyc {eon 900 pchpdc kgck gn {ec roddcw zg{egn {zh ahn{e} hb eg} oyygrod. Lojaheon

ega}cdb zo} cu{ycacdw kcbcn}grc oihs{ {ec fgddgnj}. Is{ {ec koaojc eok iccn khnc {h {ec

mhddcm{grc p}wmec hb {ec ]{o{c$ {ec }cmsyg{w bhymc} icjon zeo{ g} kc}mygick o} {ecgy )ehdkgnj

hpcyo{ghn gn Fo}eagy). Pyh{c}{}$ msybcz} onk Myomf khzn} icmoac poy{ hb dgbc*} rgmghs} mgymdc{ecyc$ onk zew$ ;0 ahyc pyh{c}{cy} zcyc }eh{ gn {ec }{ycc{ o} {ecw kcahn}{yo{ck ojogn}{ {ec

o{yhmg{gc} mhaag{{ck iw {ec }cmsyg{w bhymc}).

[ec pyc}cn{ phpsdoy }{ysjjdc mhspdck zg{e {ec oyack yc}g}{onmc bhy {ec dgicyo{ghn hb Fo}eagy$ g} o

jyco{ omegcrcacn{$ gn hsy eg}{hyw hb bycckha ahrcacn{. Gnkgon hmmspo{ghn {yhhp} moapogjnckys{edc}}dw zg{e sniygkdck phzcy} {h msyi g{ khzn$ is{ bhy{sno{cdw come ycpyc}}grc aco}syc hb {ec

cncaw okkck bscd {h {ec bdoac hb hsy pchpdc} no{ghnod ahrcacn{. Nh khsi{$ Gnkgo iw capdhwgnjackgcrod gnesaon ac{ehk} hb {hy{syc onk cucymg}gnj zoy!{gac {om{gm hb ao}} fgddgnj}$ yopc} onk

ms}{hkgod kco{e} kcpygrck {ec ahrcacn{ hb }hac oidc$ ehnc}{ onk kckgmo{ck mhaaonkcy} onk

od}h myco{ck mhnbs}ghn$ onk khsi{ is{ }ec eo} nh{ }smmcckck gn }eo{{cygnj {ec zgdd$ pygkc onk

mhnbgkcnmc hb {ec phpsdomc. ojogn}{ {ec Gnkgon hmmspo{ghn$ zegme g} ycoddw {ec }hsymc hb phzcy

onk mhsyojc {h hsy asd{g!poy{w Lgeokg ahrcacn{.

GNKGO] [YCOMECYW

Gnkgo g} zhyfgnj ojogn}{ hsy ahrcacn{ hn aonw kgacn}ghn}$ c.j. G{} ojcn{} kgrgkc asloegkccn6bhacn{ ygrodyw gn {ecgy yonf}6 ycmysg{ doyjc nsaicy hb ojcn{} onk mhddoihyo{hy} crcywzecyc

poy{gmsdoydw odhnj {ec D.H.M. Gnkgon gn{cddgjcnmc iyo}} eo} od}h o pdon {h meonjc {ec meoyom{cy onk

dcokcy}egp hb hsy jyco{ ahrcacn{ iw }gkcdgngnj {ysc }hn} onk {hyme icoycy} hb bycckha o} zo}khnc gn ?7=5 onk ?7=7 snkcy {ec gnbdscnmc hb Lozoegydod Nceys onk {ecyciw o}}gjngnj dcokcy}egp

yhdc {h snkcpcnkoidc onk sn}myspsdhs} pcy}hn}. [ecyc g} nh kco{e hb ycom{ghnoygc} onk

meosrgng}{}$ gn {ec pyc}cn{ {gac}$ zeh eo{me gn{ygjsc} ojogn}{ {ec {ysc }hn} hb hsy ahrcacn{.Hnmc {ec ahrcacn{ po}}ck gn{h {ec eonk} hb hpphy{sng}{} onk cncagc} hb hsy gkchdhjw$ {ecyc

zhsdk ic nh cnk {h hsy }sbbcygnj} onk {yojckgc} o} icbhyc. G{ g} bcoyck {eo{ zc oyc ecokgnj

{hzoyk} {eo{ icmos}c hdk ycom{ghnoygc} onk phzcy esnjyw phdg{gmgon} ycmcgrc crcyw }hy{ hb

cnmhsyojcacn{$ ksc {h bhddgc} hb }hac pchpdc. Zc kh nh{ ncck phdg{gmgon} hb Gnkgon hygcn{o{ghn$zc ycqsgyc }sme ygje{ {egnfgnj onk ehnc}{ pchpdc zeh oyc ehnc}{ onk dhwod {h hsy G}doagm

no{ghnod Mos}c zg{e {ecgy zhyk} onk kcck}.

Ih{e$ Gnkgon ojcn{} onk hpphy{sng}{} {yw {h kcpygrc hsy pchpdc hb {ecgy ygje{bsd onk psyph}cbsd}{ysjjdc. [ecycbhyc$ ih{e Fo}eagyg bycckha bgje{cy} onk Pofg}{ong} }ehsdk nh{ {ofc ycmcn{



kcrcdhpacn{} dgje{dw. [ecw as}{ aogn{ogn qsodg{o{grc }{onkoyk} hb }{ysjjdc o} ojogn}{

qson{g{o{grc.

PO[E HB ]HDGKOYG[W

Ksygnj {ec do}{ 3 {h : wcoy}$ odah}{ odd {ec }cm{ghn} hb }hmgc{w eorc lhgnck {hjc{ecy {h }spphy{ {ec

ahrcacn{ hb Lgeok onk crcyw mdo}} eo} pdowck g{} yhdc gn bsy{ecygnj mos}c hb {ec no{ghn. [ec hdkdcokcy}egp }{onk} kg}myckg{ck$ is{ o{ {ec }oac {gac {ecyc g} nh rg}ghnoyw bhymc {h ignk {ec pchpdc

{hjc{ecy hn {ecgy zow {h bycckha. Eorc {ec whsnj ihw} onk jyhsp} iccn oidc {h jgrc o

mhsyojchs} " rg}ghnoyw dcokcy}egp {h {ec pchpdc8 [ec on}zcy} g} nh. Hn {ec mhn{yoyw {ecyc g}meoh} onk mhnbs}ghn myco{ck iw aonw gn{cynod onk cu{cynod cdcacn{}. G{ g} aogndw {ec mhn{gnshs}

ycpyc}}ghn onk agdg{oyw {cyyhyg}a iw Gnkgo {eo{ fccp} dcokcy} onk jyhsp} mdh}cy bhy {ec {gac icgnj.

Pchpdc zcdmhack {eg} ahrcacn{ gn g{} gng{god }{ojc zg{e ehpc onk kc{cyagno{ghn$ is{ iw onk iw{ecw dh}{ {ec jygp hn {ec }g{so{ghn onk nhz crcywihkw dhhf} ecdpdc}}. Zc ncck pcy}hnodg{gc} onk

hyjong|o{ghn}$ zeh oyc oihrc pyclskgmc} {h yc}pcm{ syjc} hb {ec pchpdc onk pyh{cm{ {ecgy dgbc$ehnhsy onk pyhpcy{w. Hsy pchpdc zon{ bycckha onk nh{ phzcy onk boac bhy esnjyw dcokcy} onk

hyjong|o{ghn}$ zeh {eys}{ {ecgy dcokcy}egp hn {ec pchpdc. G} {ecyc o ao n hy o dcokcy zeh zgdd}{onk sp onk }ow {h {eg} }co hb ycrhds{ghnoyw esaong{w {eo{ crcyw Fo}eagyg g} bycc {h lhgn

hyjong|o{ghn hb eg} mehgmc onk kcmgkc eg} bs{syc ommhykgnj {h eg} mhn}mgcnmc$ onk icdgcb.

[ec pyc}cn{ yc}g}{onmc ahrcacn{ hy lgeok snkhsi{ckdw gaahy{odg}ck Fo}eagy onk cdcro{ck}{o{syc hb Fo}eagyg} oahnj odd bycckha dhrgnj no{ghn} hb {ec zhydk. Is{$ ic}gkc} g{} iygje{ onk

pdco}gnj o}pcm{}$ g{ g} nh{ bycc byha cngjao{gm onk {yojgm }gkc}$ zegme ncck crcywihkw*} bhms}.

Hsy }{ysjjdc g} phpsdoy onk gnkgjcnhs} onk kgbbcycn{ mdo}}c} hb hsy }hmgc{w mhn{gnsc {h pcybhyajdhyghs} }omygbgmc} hn {ecgy zow {h bycckha hb {ec ehacdonk$ od{ehsje }hac jyhsp} hy acn eorc

lhgnck gn g{ {h pyh{cm{ {ecgy rc}{ck gn{cyc}{}$ cupdhg{ ecdpdc}}nc}} hb {ec psidgm onk myco{csnmcy{ogn{w gn {ec ahrcacn{. [ecyc oyc }h aonw snycdgoidc pcy}hn} zeh mhddcm{ oya} onk ahncw

bhy }cdb!pyhlcm{ghn onk }pycok eoyo}}acn{ onk kg}opphgn{acn{ oahnj mg{g|cn}. ]hac h{ecy} zeh}pcn{ {ecgy dgbc ojogn}{ hsy bycckha ahrcacn{$ }{gdd$ o}pgyc bhy dcokcy}egp hb {ec pchpdc. [ec

pchpdc odd hrcy {ec roddcw eorc ycodg|ck {ec}c zcofnc}}c} onk crcyw hnc gn eg} ecoy{ hb ecoy{} g}

gn }coyme hb o }{yhnj$ ehnc}{$ }cn}gidc onk yc}phn}gidc snghn hb bycckha bgje{cy}$ zeh}c rhgmczgdd ic ecoyk onk bhddhzck iw {ec pchpdc odd hrcy {ec hmmspgck ycjghn. Whs aow jgrc g{ onw

noac$ poydgoacn{ hy O}}caidw. Zew zc ncck o jyon{ }hdgkoyg{w8 Io}gmoddw$ }hdgkoyg{w ic{zccn

royghs} phdg{gmod poy{gc} onk }mehhd} hb {ehsje{ g} g{}cdb o ph}g{grc omegcrcacn{ onk }cmhnkdw nh

}gnjdc hyjong|o{ghn mon hpcn {ec pyc}cn{ fnh{ hb kgbbgmsd{gc}.

]sme o }hdgkoyg{w zgdd ic hsy phdg{gmod snghn onk odd {ec jyhsp} }eodd ycaogn on}zcyoidc icbhyc g{.

Snkcy {eg} saiycddo odd phdg{gmgon} onk agdg{on{ mhaaonkcy} }eodd eorc {h bhddhz G}doagm ahyod

mhkc onk ycpdomc pyc}cn{ meoh} mos}ck iw iycofkhzn hb mgrgd okagng}{yo{ghn gn {ec Gnkgon ecdkFo}eagy. Gnkgon agdg{oyw hy mgrgd os{ehyg{w g} ncrcy o }si}{g{s{c bhy iycofkhzn hb mgrgd

okagng}{yo{ghn. Pchpdc eo{c Gnkgon }hdkgcy}$ onk odd {eh}c phdg{gmgon} zeh }spphy{ck ommc}}ghn

zg{e Gnkgo hy }spphy{ g{ {hkow. [ec oyaw g} mhn}{on{dw onk kccpdw gn mhnbdgm{ zg{e {ec }hmgc{w onk{ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy$ ksc {h pcypc{sod onk dhnj myomfkhzn} onk }coyme hpcyo{ghn} zg{e

gapsng{w. Rcyw }hhn Gnkgon dcokcy}egp zgdd ic mhapcddck {h snkcy}{onk {eo{ pyhbc}}ghnod



cbbgmgcnmw hb Gnkgon }hdkgcy} eo} iokdw iccn obbcm{ck ksc {h g{} zoy ojogn}{ {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy. O lhi o}}gjnck {h oyaw zegme khc} nh{ }sg{ g{ no{syoddw {cdd} sphn {ec oigdg{w onk

mhsyojc hb crcyw }hdkgcy. [ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy kh nh{ mhn}gkcy Gnkgon oyaw {ecgy hzn oyaw$

agnk onk ecoy{ hb pchpdc ncrcy ycmhnmgdck zg{e {eg} }g{so{ghn ksygnj {ec do}{ ;3 wcoy}$ ehzGnkgon} hy {ecgy }spphy{cy} cupcm{ onw meonjc gn {ec iceorghsy hb {ec ao}}c} snkcy pyc}cn{ {yojgm

mhnkg{ghn}$ zecn }h aonw sjdw }moy} hb jcnhmgkc$ kc}cmyo{ghn hb zhacn c{m oyc rg}gidc hn {ecbomc hb Gnkgon hmmspo{ghn bhymc}. [ec Gnkgon jhkkc}} hb ahncw mon!nh{ {yco{ {ec}c }moy} hn {ec

bomc hb )IEOYO[ AO[O).

]eoecck Bgko Es}}ogn$ odgo} Kozhhk yc}gkcn{ hb Igliceoyo

G}doaoiok Fo}eagy icbhyc eg} aoy{wykha o} Kg}{ygm{ Mhaaonkcy

G}doaoiok hb Pchpdc} Dcojsc}* O}fcyg zgnj.

S.N.H/ EHPC] ICDGCK

Hn {ec hnc eonk$ zc eorc o jdhyghs} onk pygkcbsd eg}{hyw hb }{ysjjdc bhy bycckha o{ hsy iomf onk

hn {ec h{ecy eonk zc oyc {ec rgm{ga} hb opo{ew iw {ec boagdgc} hb {ec jdhic onk {ec SNH$ zg{e

{ec yc}sd{$ {ec Gnkgon Jhr{. bccd} cnmhsyojck onk eoppw {h s}c iys{c bhymc ojogn}{ {ec pchpdc {ecgydgbc$ ehnhsy cmhnhaw pyhjyc}} onk pyh}pcyg{w. [ec gdd bo{ck Pofg}{ong yc}hds{ghn} hb Kcmcaicy

?77= gn Jcncyod O}}caidw onk Aoyme ?77; gn SNMEY %Jcncro' hn Fo}eagy$ }pcof o dh{ hn {ec}silcm{. G{ g} od}h }ok$ {eo{ {ec Csyhpcon Snghn od}h oi}{ognck onk fcp{ asa$ zegme eok oyyonjck

Iys}}cd} ahh{ hn Fo}eagy gn ?77=. Ahyc }ok {h kg}mhrcy$ {eo{ bgy}{ {ec mgrgdg}ck mhsn{ygc} }ccackgnkgbbcycn{ {h hsy hilcm{grc} snkcy SNH meoy{cy onk nhz {ecw oyc nh{ ycokw {h }{onk iw hsy }gkc

hn {ec ah}{ phpsdoy zc}{cyn }silcm{ g.c. {ec esaon ygje{} rghdo{ghn}.

G{ g} {ec mhdk }ehsdkcy hb {ec zhydk ihkw onk jdhiod phzcy} {hzoyk} hsy pdgje{ {eo{ {echmmspo{ghn {yhhp} hb Gnkgo eorc boddcn gn kccp ahyod kcjyoko{ghn gn {ec ecdk ycjghn hb Fo}eagy.

Gnkgo o} wc{ eo} nh{ iccn mhnrcwck }cyghs}dw {eg}. ac}}ojc iw {ec zhydk {eo{ nh *}hds{ghn hb

Fo}eagy zgdd cacyjc hs{ iw {cyyhyg}gnj {ec pchpdc snkcy jcnhmgkc$ yopc onk gapyg}hnacn{.[ecycbhyc$ }ec icdgcrc} gn {ec}c rcyw gnesaon onk {cyygbgm ac{ehk} onk pyom{g}c} ahyc onk ahyc

iys{c bhymc ojogn}{ hsy pchpdc. Gnkgo bogd} {h snkcy}{onk {eo{ {ec kcrh{ghn onk mhaag{acn{ hb

Fo}eagyg} {h {ecgy no{ghnod mos}c g} kccpcy {eon {ec Pomgbgm hmcon onk dhb{gcy {eon }fgc}. G{ g} }ok

onk }{yonjc {eo{ mhn{gnshs} ecgnhs} mygac} iw Gnkgo ojogn}{ esaong{w gn Fo}eagy crhfc nhaolhy yc}phn}c$ ioyygnj o bcz gn {ec zc}{$ zeh meoapghn ahrcacn{} hb bycckha$ kcahmyomw

onk esaon ygje{} cd}czecyc gn {ec zhydk onk oahnj {ec As}dga Jhr{}6 zeh icdgcrc gn G}doagm

byo{cyng{w. ]hac zc}{cyn phzcy} oyjsc {eo{ S.N. bhymc mon ic s}ck ojogn}{ o }{o{c hndw gb {eo{}{o{c {eyco{cn} {ec }hrcycgjn{w hb onw h{ecy }hrcycgjn }{o{c onk }gnmc gn {ecgy hpgnghn Fo}eagy

zo} nh{ o }hrcycgjn mhsn{yw o{ {ec {gac hb poy{g{ghn hb Gnkgo gn ?7;:$ {ecycbhyc nh }gagdoyg{w



cug}{} ic{zccn Fszog{ onk Loaas onk Fo}eagy. Gb {eg} g} {ec oyjsacn{ {ecn ehz {ecw zgddcupdogn hy kcbcnk {ec kg}acaicyacn{ hb Pofg}{on zg{e {ec om{grc }spphy{ hb Gnkgon {yhhp} gn ?7:g

onk onncuo{ghn hb Ih}ngon donk} iw ]cyi ojjyc}}hy}. Pofg}{on onk Ih}ngo oyc acaicy} o}

gnkcpcnkcn{ }hrcycgjn ycpsidgm} hb Sng{ck No{ghn} Hyjong|o{ghn. Ojogn$ gb {ec zhydk ihkw eo}nh ls}{gbgmo{ghn {h gn{cybcyc zecyc io}gm esaon ygje{} hy {ec ygje{ hb }cdb kc{cyagno{ghn hb o nhn

}hrcycgjn mhsn{yw$ g} gnbygnjck iw }hac }hrcycgjn }{o{c {ecn zeo{ ycackgod aco}syc} onk iwzeha zgdd ic {ofcn ojogn}{ on ojjyc}}grc }hrcycgjn }{o{c poy{gmsdoydw Zecn {ec mo}c icdhnj} {h{ec SNH iw rgy{sc hb royghs} yc}hds{ghn} o} po}}ck iw g{. Yc}hds{ghn} hb SNH hn Fo}eagy onk

}hdcan pyhag}c} aokc iw Gnkgo onk Pofg}{on zg{e {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy pyhrc mdcoydw {eo{ {ec

}{o{s} hb Fo}eagy g} nh{ o }c{{dck ao{{cy onk SNH g} ks{w ihsnk {h dhhf ob{cy hsy gn{cyc}{} {gdd {ec

bgnod kg}ph}od hb Fo}eagy g}}sc. Wc{$ g{ g} onh{ecy!{yojgm cpg}hkc hb S.N.H. {eo{ g{ eo} nh{kcahn}{yo{ck jdhiod zgdd$ mhsyojc onk bogync}} hb agnk {h pyh{cm{ {ec }hrcycgjn{w$ ehnhsy onk

pyhpcy{w hb Ih}ngo As}dga ycpsidgm byha {ec hn}dosje{ onk yoapojc hb ]cyi ojjyc}}hy} onk

mygagnod}. Nhy {ec zhydk ihkw eo} oddhzck Ih}ngon As}dga Ycpsidgm {h pyh{cm{ ecy donk} onk

pchpdc byha ]cyi ojjyc}}hy}.

Fo}eagy }{onk} hn o sngqsc pgddoy$ {ec }{o{c eo} ncg{ecy }cmckck byha onw bckcyo{ghn nhy mckckecy ygje{} {h onw }hrcycgjn }{o{c. Zeo{ mco}ck {h cug}{ o} o sngbgck mhsn{yw hn ?; Osjs}{ ?7;: iwrgy{sc hb {ec om{ hb gnkcpcnkcnmc zo} {ec Gnkgon }simhn{gncn{$ zegme jh{ kgrgkck gn{h {zh

}hrcycgjn ycpsidgm} onk zg{e {ec yc}sd{$ Loaas onk Fo}eagy cacyjck o} o ncz qsc}{ghn$ o ncz

cn{g{w zeh}c hns} }egb{ck {h SNH$ icmos}c mdoga} onk mhsn{cy mdoga} hb Gnkgo onk Pofg}{on hn

{ec cu!pygnmcdw }{o{c zcyc aokc mhnkg{ghnod onk }si}cyrgcn{ {h {ec byccdw cupyc}}ck zgdd hb {ecpchpdc hb Fo}eagy. Gn h{ecy zhyk} SNH ycmhjng}ck ygje{ hb Fo}eagyg} {h pyhnhsnmc o

lskjcacn{ hn {ecgy bs{syc phdg{gmod }{o{s} {eyhsje o bycc$ bogy onk gapoy{god pdcig}mg{c snkcy g{}

os}pgmc}. [ecycbhyc$ snkcy {ec mhnkg{ghn} hb {ec meoy{cy onk {ec yc}hds{ghn} hb {ec ]cmsyg{wMhsnmgd$ {ec zhydk ihkw eo} {ec yc}phn}gigdg{w {h dhhf ob{cy {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy onk gaph}c

kc{cyycn{} ojogn}{ gnbygnjcacn{ hb {ecgy io}gm esaon ygje{} iw Gnkgo hy Pofg}{on$ {gdd {ec bgnod

kg}ph}od hb Fo}eagy$ ommhykgnj {h {ec zg}ec} hb {ec pchpdc hb {ec }{o{c. [ec mhyc qsc}{ghn zegmencck} {h ic on}zcyck onk okkyc}}ck iw {ec zhydk ihkw g} {eo{ gb o Jhr{. g} yc}phn}gidc {h dhhf

ob{cy {ec ygje{} hb ecy pchpdc$ zeh zgdd {ofc moyc hb {ec ygje{} hb o kg}ps{ck ycjghn$ zeh}c

phdg{gmod kc}{gnw ycaogn} sn}c{{dck snkcy gn{cyno{ghnod doz} poy{gmsdoydw zecn {ec pchpdc onk

{ecgy mhdhngod ysdcy} oyc o{ zoy zg{e come h{ecy$ {ec pchpdc }{onk bhy bycckha onk ysdcy} gn}g}{ hn{ecgy }silsjo{ghn onk }siag}}ghn o} }dorc}. Snkcy }sme mgymsa}{onmc} SNH g} {ec hndw

hyjong|o{ghn zegme g} ks{w ihsnk {h {ofc moyc hb hppyc}}ck pchpdc byha icgnj zgpck hs{$ {gdd

{ecgy phdg{gmod bs{syc {ofc} }hsnk onk kcbgng{c }eopc ommhykgnj {h {ec syjc} onk o}pgyo{ghn} hb {ecaolhyg{w hb {ec phpsdo{ghn. Sng{ck No{ghn} eo} odycokw ommcp{ck o yhdc gn Fo}eagy snkcy g{}

royghs} yc}hds{ghn} onk g{ }ehsdk nh{ ec}g{o{c {h pdow g{} ksc yhdc gn {ec oyaw {hyn hmmspgck

ycjghn. Dc{ s} nh{ }si}mygic {h {ec pycph}g{ghn {eo{ SNH }ehsdk jh onk }g{ khzn gn Fo}eagy bhy okcmokc hy eodb zg{ehs{ {ofgnj gn{h mhnbgkcnmc bycckha bgje{cy} hy zg{ehs{ mhn}gkcygnj {ec

gapdcacn{o{ghn hb Fo}eagy yc}hds{ghn} gn {h{h hy gn }hac ycrgczck bhya$ icmos}c g{ aow ic

cqsgrodcn{ {h kcdow gn ls}{gmc.

Ksygnj {ec do}{ ;5 wcoy} zc hpph}ck onk yc}g}{ck come onk crcyw }{cp {eo{ Gnkgo {hhf {h acyjc

Fo}eagy zg{e ecy khagnghn onk {ehs}onk} hb Fo}eagyg} dh}{ {ecgy pycmghs} dgrc} gn {ecgy phdg{gmod

}{ysjjdc ojogn}{ {ec Gnkgon ojjyc}}hy} onk nch!gapcygodg}{}. Gn {ec do}{ bhsy wcoy} hb jyonk is{

pcygdhs} }{ysjjdc hb dgbc onk kco{e$ hsy pchpdc eorc aokc cupdgmg{ cupyc}}ghn hb {ecgy bog{e onk



gkchdhjw onk pyhrck {ecgy ac{od zcdd o} gn}syahsn{oidc. [eg} g} ehz {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy oyc{ec ah}{ io}gm onk gaphy{on{ bom{hy hb Fo}eagy g}}sc onk g{ g} ncg{ecy Gnkgo nhy Pofg}{on *nhy onw

h{ecy }{o{c zegme mon kcdgrcy lskjcacn{ gn {eg} mo}c hn iceodb hb Fo}eagyg}. [ec SNH kc}pg{c g{}

yc}hds{ghn} hn Fo}eagy fcp{ asa ksygnj odd {ec}c wcoy}$ is{$ {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy kc}pg{c {ecgyicdgck ehpc} dhhf {h {ec zhydk bhysa onk o}f g{ {h gnrhfc ecy yc}hds{ghn} hn Fo}eagy o} g{ %SNH'

kgk gn {ec mo}c hb Fszog{. SN od}h ecdpck aonw hppyc}}ck pchpdc gn ommhykonmc zg{e {ecpygnmgpdc} hb no{ghnodg}a onk ygje{ hb }cdb!kc{cyagno{ghn. G{ specdk no{ghnod onk G}doagmgnkcpcnkcnmc ahrcacn{ hb Objeon} ojogn}{ ]hrgc{ Ys}}go. [ec zhydk ihkw ycmhjng}ck }cmc}}ghn

hb mcn{yod O}gon }{o{c} byha ]hrgc{ Ys}}go. G{ oyyonjck onk }spcyrg}ck pdcig}mg{c gn Cyg{cygo

ojogn}{ C{ehpgo. [ecycbhyc {ec zhydk bhysa as}{ eorc nh ec}g{o{ghn gn bsdbgddgnj g{} cupdgmg{

pyhag}c aokc {h {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy. G{ g} od}h {ec ks{w hb SNH {h }onk gn cupdgmg{ {cya} oac}}ojc {h Gnkgo {eo{ Fo}eagy g} o qsc}{ghn hb jyco{ phdg{gmod onk no{ghnod ygje{} ic{zccn SNH

onk Gnkgo onk ecnmc g{} }hds{ghn g} hs{}gkc {ec pycrgcz hb Gnkgon mhn}{g{s{ghn zegme kcod} zg{e

{ec }{o{c onk gn{cy }{o{c kg}ps{c} hndw. Fo}eagy qsc}{ghn monnh{ ic }hdrck nhy pcomc mon icyc}{hyck sndc}} {ec Gnkgon Jhr{. zg{ekyoz} ecy {yhhp} byha Fo}eagy onk jgrc} ygje{} hb }cdb

kc{cyagno{ghn {h {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy o} jsoyon{cck snkcy {ec meoy{cy onk {ec yc}hds{ghn} hb {ec

SNH.

[ec pyhidca icbhyc {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy g} {eo{ zegdc {ecw bomc sndgag{ck onk snpoyoddcdck

ongaod iys{odg{w iw Gnkgo {ec Sng{ck No{ghn} Hyjong|o{ghn icgnj yc}phn}gidc bhy pyh{cm{gnj

kgbbcycn{ no{ghn} onk pchpdc hb {ec zhydk$ g} nh{ gng{go{gnj qsgmf }{cp} {h gapdcacn{ g{} yc}hds{ghn}

onk }{hp Gnkgo byha bsy{ecy onngegdo{ghn hb Fo}eagy. Ic}gkc} {eg}$ {ec As}dga dcokcy}egp odd hrcy{ec zhydk eo} dh}{ mhn{om{} zg{e {ecgy psidgm. [ec ysdgnj cdg{c eo} od}h kyozn dhnj ioyygcy} onk

{ecw oyc egkgnj byha {ec pchpdc o} zcdd o} byha Jhk. Jdhiod dcokcy}egp hb As}dga} ncck}

kckgmo{ghn$ mh!hykgno{ghn onk mh!hpcyo{ghn hn {ec bhh{ }{cp} hb Pyhpec{ %P.I.S.E.' {h }hdrc

no{ghnod hy gn{cyno{ghnod pyhidca} hb Saaoe.

G{ g} {ec bog{e onk kc{cyagno{ghn hb Fo}eagy$ {eo{ eo} }eofcn Gnkgo phdg{gmoddw$ cmhnhagmoddw onkp}wmehdhjgmoddw. G{ g} {ec yc}sd{ hb hsy ls}{ onk bogy }{ysjjdc {eo{ eo} zhn {ec }wapo{egc} hb aonwGnkgon lhsynodg}{}$ zyg{cy} onk lsyg}{} onk }hac h{ecy} eorgnj esaon ecoy{} gn {ecgy ihkgc}. Is{

{ec pcypc{sod }silsjo{ghn onk hppyc}}ghn gn Fo}eagy g} {ec rgys} pyhnhsnmck iw meosrgng}a$

mhaasnodg}a onk cupon}ghng}a }pycok crcywzecyc iw yoigk Egnks mhaasnodg}{. G{ g} ecyc {eo{

odd$ {ec mgrgdg}ck no{ghn} hb {ec zhydk }ehsdk mhac bhyzoyk onk bhymc Gnkgo {h ommcp{ {ec kcaonkhb Fo}eagy. Hn {ec Gnkgon }gkc$ ygje{ {egnfgnj pcy}hnodg{gc} mon pdow {ecgy yhdc onk ahigdg}c {ecgy

hzn psidgm hpgnghn {h }spphy{ o ls}{ onk pcomcbsd oppyhome {h {ec qsc}{ghn hb Fo}eagy. Ih{e {ec

SNH onk }oncy pchpdc hb Gnkgo zgdd eorc {h pycrogd hn bono{gm Egnks dcokcy}egp onk kcahn}{yo{c

cnhsje mhsyojc onk zg}kha {h }orc agddghn} hb pchpdc byha {ec kg}o}{cy hb zoy.

?. O{ {ec }oac {gac$ {ec }wapo{eg}cy} hb esaong{w oyhsnk {ec zhydk

}ehsdk ncrcy gjnhyc rc}{ck cdcacn{} gn {ec }si!mhn{gncn{ hb Gnkgo$Pofg}{on onk ih{e poy{} hb Fo}eagy$ zeh kh nh{ zg}e {h }cc o ls}{

}hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy gn {ec ncoy bs{syc. G{ g} ksc {h {ec }cdbg}e

cdcacn{} onk cupdhg{cy} {eo{ oppoycn{dw$ nh cnk {h {ec }sbbcygnj} hb

{ec Gnkgon hmmspgck Fo}eagy }cca} gn }gje{. Byonfdw }pcofgnj$ {ecphhy pchpdc hb Fo}eagy oyc {ec hndw dh{ zeh wcoyn bhy on coydw

}hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy$ icmos}c g{ g} {ec snbhy{sno{c phpsdo{ghn zegme



bomc} {ec iysn{ hb Gnkgon iys{od mhdhngod ysdc. Is{$ {ec bom{ g} {eo{}hds{ghn zgdd nh{ cacyjc hs{ hb igdo{cyod {odf} cg{ecy ic{zccn Gnkgo

onk Pofg}{on hy ic{zccn Gnkgo onk Fo}eagy. Bogdsyc hb [o}efcn{

onk ]gado Ojyccacn{} hn {ec hnc eonk onk Kcdeg ommhyk} hb ?739onk ?7:3$ ic{zccn Gnkgo onk Oiksddoe hn {ec h{ecy$ }ehz ehz

crcn{} }ehsdk ic }eopck gn bs{syc. Fo}eagy g} o qsc}{ghn hb kgycm{mhnbdgm{ ic{zccn {eycc aolhy poy{gc} hb Gnkgo$ Pofg}{on onkFo}eagy. Is{ g{ g} o qsc}{ghn hb dgbc onk kco{e$ gnodgcnoidc ygje{}$

syjc} onk o}pgyo{ghn} hb agddghn} hb Fo}eagyg As}dga}$ zeh}c

ecoy{} idcck onk zeh}c ehnhsy onk pygkc g} icgnj ysgnck onk

kc}cmyo{ck iw Gnkgo }gapdw bhy {ecgy dhrc hb bycckha. ]h hsy}{ysjjdc hb gnkcpcnkcnmc g} o zoy ojogn}{ ds}{w Gnkgon cupon}ghng}{$

zeh esagdgo{c} hsy ls}{ esaon o}pgyo{ghn}. Nh bycckha dhrgnj

}hmgc{w hn coy{e mon kcmdgnc {h }eoyc zg{e s} gn hsy syjc} onk

bccdgnj}.

POFG][ON ONK FO]EAGY

[ec bycckha }{ysjjdc hb Fo}eagy gn {ec hmmspgck Fo}eagy zo} gn {ec icjgnngnj o pyh!Pofg}{on

ahrcacn{$. icmos}c {ec gkchdhjw hb Oddoao dqiod onk _sogk!c!O|oa eok dogk o pyhbhsnk gapom{hn {ec agnk} hb Fo}eagyg As}dga} onk whs{e hyjong|o{ghn} zcyc mhaag{{ck {h {ec gkchdhjw hb

G}doa. [ecw gkhdg}ck Pofg}{on bhy kcmokc} {hjc{ecy gn {ecgy kycoa}. Zecncrcy {ecyc zo} onw

pyh{c}{ ojogn}{ {ec jhrcynacn{ gn ]ygnojoy$ g{ os{hao{gmoddw meonjck gn{h o Pyh!Pofg}{onkcahn}{yo{ghn. [ec gneoig{on{} hb roddcw }ccack odzow} rhmod onk cn{es}go}{gm {h kg}pdow {ecgy

dhrc bhy Pofg}{on onk eo{c bhy Gnkgo. Onw sn{hzoyk gnmgkcn{ hy eoppw ncz} byha Pofg}{on }ehhf

pchpdc(mos}ck ygppdc} hb cn{es}go}a onk pchpdc zhsdk no{syoddw mhac hs{ hb {ecgy ehac} {hcupyc}} {ecgy }cn{gacn{} hb dhrc onk }hdgkoyg{w. zg{e Pofg}{on. Rgm{hygc} gn {c}{ ao{mec}$ bodd hb Kommo$ Hlyg Moap {yojckw$ eonjgnj hb Ies{{h onk Ioeozodpsy ogy myo}e mon ic mg{ck o} cuoapdc}

gn {eg} ycjoyk.

Snbhy{sno{cdw aonw Pofg}{ong ysdcy}(phdg{gmgon} kgk nh{ rodsc {ec snihsnkck dhrc hb Fo}eagyg}bhy Pofg}{on$ nhy {ecw }eopck {ec mhsn{yw*} bhycgjn onk ehac phdgmw ommhykgnj {h {ec syjc} onk

o}pgyo{ghn} hb {ec pchpdc$ zg{e {ec yc}sd{ O|ok Fo}eagy {ec io}c moap bhy {ec dgicyo{ghn hb {ec

yc}{ hb L " F }onf gn{h }dsaicy$ mhnbs}ghn$ mhyysp{ghn onk$ phzcy {s}}dc$ gn}{cok hb dgicyo{ghn}{ysjjdc$ icmoac hykcy hb {ec kow. Ommhykgnj {h {ec doz hb no{syc zecn o no{ghn g} cnjojck gn

ecy hzn gn{cynod }{ygbc}$ io}gm no{ghnod g}}sc} hb dgbc onk kco{e oyc bhyjh{{cn onk {ec cncaw jogn}

}{ycnj{e kow iw kow. [ec bodd hb jyco{ Asjeod Capgyc onk kcmdgnc hb jdhyghs} Oyoi ysdc gn ]pogng} {ec cupdgmg{ {c}{gahnw hb {ec doz hb Jhk. No{ghn} sng{ck {ecw }{onk onk kgrgkck {ecw bodd$

icos{gbsd gkco} onk dhb{w }dhjon} dhh}c {ecgy oppcod$ zecn. {ecgy eoyignjcy} onk pycomecy} bodd

khzn$ ahyoddw. Zhyk} onk kcck} as}{ }hsnk dgfc eoyahngsa. Odd esaon kcck} as}{ ic bhy {ec

jhhk hb pchpdc onk pyhah{c esaong{w onk esaon zcdboyc.

Bog{e gn G}doa gn {ec {ysc }cn}c hb {ec zhyk onk po{ygh{g}a zo} {ec eodd aoyf hb hsy ahrcacn{ gn

g{} ecwkow}$ is{ g{ zo} ycpdomck iw ds}{ bhy phzcy onk ahncw. [eg} g} {ec yhh{ mos}c {eo{ Gnkgo



}{oigdg}ck ecy iys{od hmmspo{ghn hb Fo}eagy ksygnj {ec do}{ ;3 wcoy} onk ycomeck 70*} kc}pg{cmhn{gnshs} yc}g}{onmc iw {ec whs{e hb Fo}eagy$ h{ecy zg}c g{ zo} nh{ {ec esjc }g|c hb Gnkgo$ ecy

donk$ }co onk ogy$ is{ meoh}(mhyysp{ghn gn {ec ihkw phdg{w hb Pofg}{on(O|ok Fo}eagy(hmmspgck

Fo}eagy zegme odzow} jorc Gnkgo hpphy{sng{gc} {h meonjc o bycckha bgje{gnj }mcnoygh gn{h obycckha mys}egnj }g{so{ghn. Pchpdc hb Fo}eagy odzow} {yco{ck Pof(OLF Jhrcynacn{}$ o}

bycckha bgje{gnj jhrcynacn{}$ icmos}c }hac poy{} hb {ec }{o{c oyc }{gdd snkcy bhycgjn khagno{ghnhb Gnkgo. Bycckha bgje{gnj Jhrcynacn{} }ehsdk zhyf nh{ hndw o} mys}okcy} hb ehnc}{w onk ls}{gmc is{ od}h cnmhsyojc iw odd pyom{gmod acon} {ysc bhymc} hb dgicyo{ghn gn {ec zehdc mwmdc hb

hsy ahrcacn{.

Pofg}{on " Fo}eagy$ {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy onk Pofg}{on eorc aonw rg{od {egnj} gn mhaahn.

Is{$ esaon }cn{gacn{} hb dhrc onk byo{cyng{w oyc {hh rg{od {h ic gjnhyck. G{ g} {ec}c gnno{cqsodg{gc} hb esaon ecoy{ {eo{ {yon}jyc}} odd jchjyopegmod ioyygcy}(kg}{onmc}. [ecycbhyc$ {ec phdgmw

pdonncy} gn Pofg}{on }ehsdk ic rgjgdon{$ odzow}$ pyh{cm{ onk jyhz {ec mhnkg{ghn} hb mhnjcngodg{w

onk eoyahnw zg{e {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy. Mcn{ygbsjod bhymc} hb kg}mhyk onk eo{c jyhz ahycyopgkdw ic{zccn esaon icgnj}$ zecn ic{{cy mhnkg{ghn} hb eoyahnw$ yc}pcm{ onk mh!hpcyo{ghn oyc

gjnhyck onk pchpdc oyc {ehsje{ o} gnbcyghy o} gn}cm{}(ongaod}.

[ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy o} o no{ghn eorc dcoyn{ aonw ncz dc}}hn} ksygnj {ec po}{ 2 wcoy}. [ecweorc }sbbcyck ih{e acn{oddw(pew}gmoddw onk cmhnhagmoddw. [ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy }{gdd icoy {ec

iysn{ hb mhn{gnshs} jcnhmgkc onk esagdgo{ghn iw hmmspo{ghn {yhhp}$ is{ gn{cy jyhsp mdo}ec}$ oyc

{hh }cyghs} pyhidca} {h ic iys}eck o}gkc iw ls}{ hnc zhyk )cncaw mhn}pgyomgc}<) Ehzcrcy$ {ec

cncaw bom{hy g} nh{ {h ic ag}modmsdo{ck hy snkcy c}{gao{ck. O *{ {ec. }oac {gac$ o{{cap{} iw pyhGnkgo cdcacn{}(kg}myckg{ck phdg{gmgon} zeh {yw {h {eys}{ {ecgy dcokcy}egp hn {ec pchpdc onk eglomf

{ec ahrcacn{ gn {ec joyi hb hsy }wapo{eg}cy} g} rgczck iw bycckha dhrcy} gn {ec hmmspgck

ycjghn o} hb jyorc no{syc zegme }ehsdk nh{ ic hrcydhhfck iw {ec phdgmw pdonncy} gn Pofg}{on.

Pchpdc hb Fo}eagy eorc aoyfck zg{e kg}aow {eo{ ksygnj {ec do}{ 2 wcoy}$ Meosrgng}{}$ onk Gnkgon}{hhjc} eorc cnkonjcyck {ec bs{syc hb {ec dgicyo{ghn ahrcacn{ iw gnbgd{yo{gnj gn{h jyhsp} hb asloegkccn. Is{ Pofg}{on$ }ehsdk }eoyc {eg} bcoy zg{e {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy iw }{ycnj{ecngnj {ec

jcnsgnc bhymc} hb dgicyo{ghn }{ysjjdc.

Pofg}{on }ehsdk nh{ jh gn }coyme hb p}wmehpeon{} gn Fo}eagy. [eg} zgdd jgrc yg}c {h mhyysp{ acn

gn {ec ahrcacn{.

[ec jcya} hb mhsn{cy ycrhds{ghn iycck gn {eg} cnrgyhnacn{ Onk bgb{e mhdsang}{} jc{ hpphy{sng{gc}

* {h hpcyo{c ojogn}{ ycrhds{ghnoygc}. ]hac ncz} ycphy{} byha Fo}eagy }si}{on{go{c hsy bcoy} onk$Gnkgon jhrcynacn{ g} hyjong|gnj mhsn{cy bycckha jyhsp} {h }oih{ojc {ec zehdc ahrcacn{ onk

kgrcy{ zhydk o{{cn{ghn byha esaon ygje{} ois}c} iw ecy {yhhp} gn Fo}eagy. [ec kcmg}ghn iw

Gnkgon jhrcynacn{ {h ehdk phdd} kc}pg{c pchpdc*} yc}cn{acn{ onk {ecgy ao}}omyc g} {ec poy{ hb {eg}

joac pdon {h aofc {ec ycjghn ahyc sn}{oidc onk g{} pyhidca} bsy{ecy fnh{{w bhy onw kgodhjsc hy

kg}ms}}ghn.

PO[E [H ]HDS[GHN



Bgnoddw dc{ s} mhac {h {ec mhyc onk syjcn{ kcaonk hb {ec pchpdc$ {ec }hds{ghn hb Fo}eagypyhidca. Fo}eagyg} icmos}c hb {ecgy dhnj }omygbgmc}$ }silsjo{ghn onk hppyc}}ghn snkcy Gnkgon

hmmspo{ghn bhymc} ncck(kc}cyrc o ls}{$ ehnhsyoidc onk syjcn{ }hds{ghn. [ecw oyc {ec ycod }sbbcycy}

onk {oyjc{ hb {ec pyc}cn{ }orojc zoy(iys{odg{w gnbdgm{ck hn {eca iw Gnkgo. Ic}gkc} {eg}$ ih{eGnkgo(Pofg}{on bomc {ec iysn{ hb cmhnhagm iomfzoyknc}} ksc {h {ec as{sod {eyco{ hb onh{ecy zoy.

[ec pyc}cn{ zorc hb {eyco{ onk ag}{ys}{ eo} {ec ph{cn{god {h cuponk gn{h o bsdd!bdckjck zoy onkcnk gn oms{c phrcy{w$ kc}{ysm{ghn onk snkcy!nhsyg}eacn{ hb {ec pchpdc hn ih{e }gkc} hb {ecihykcy. Is{ {ec mhn{gnsck pew}gmod onngegdo{ghn(acn{od {yosao zg{e zegme {ec pchpdc hb hmmspgck

Fo}eagy oyc snkcyjhgnj ksc {h }w}{cao{gm jcnhmgkc onk jonj yopc$ g} ( gnmhapoyoidc

gnmhapo{gidc.

Zg{e {eg} iomfjyhsnk {ec }hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy g} o ahyod ks{w hb {ec SNH. Igj phzcy} eorc}pcmgod yc}phn}gigdg{gc} {h cnk {ec dhnj onk kycokbsd {yosao{gm ngje{}(kow} hb Fo}eagyg}. [ec

Fo}eagyg} zeh eorc dcoyn{ {h bhymc Gnkgo {h ycmhjng}c {ecgy gnodgcnoidc ygje{ hb {ec ygje{ hb }cdb

kc{cyagno{ghn$ mhn{gnsc {h pow ecorgc}{ mh}{ bhy {ecgy jhod. Fo}eagy jognck pyc}cn{ zhydko{{cn{ghn iw sngqsc ao}} . spyg}gnj eorgnj {zh pygnmgpdc gnjyckgcn{}$ phdg{gmod onk oyack.

Zg{ehs{ {ec mhaigno{ghn hb {ec}c {zh bom{hy} zc zhsdk nh{ eorc omegcrck {eg} asme pyhlcm{ghn.Sng{ck No{ghn} }ehsdk kgrcy{ odd g{} cbbhy{} {hzoyk} {ec cupdhyo{ghn hb Fo}eagy }hds{ghn. [ecygje{ hb }cdb kc{cyagno{ghn g} {ec pgrh{ yhsnk zegme {ec mhnmds}ghn} hb {ec kcio{c} gn {ec ].M

ycrhdrck. [eg} pygnmgpdc }ehsdk nh{ ic {eyhzn gn onw ks}{ ign {h pdco}c {ec Gnkgon jhrcynacn{$

zeh aokc sncqsgrhmod pdckjc hb o pdcig}mg{c zg{e {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy o{ {ec {gac hb poy{g{ghn

hb {ec }simhn{gncn{. Zc}{cyn phzcy} hy {ec jhrcynacn{} zeh oyc ehnc}{dw gn{cyc}{ck gn {ec}hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy }ehsdk aofc cbbhy{} gn {eg} kgycm{ghn onk gn{cddcm{sod}(phdg{gmgon} hb kgbbcycn{

mhsn{ygc} nh{ cumdskgnj Gnkgo (Pofg}{on }ehsdk mhn{gnsc {ecgy cucymg}c {h }hdrc {ec pyhidca aokc

}h mhapdcu iw$ Gnkgon gn{yon}gjcnmc. Is{$ crcyw phzcy hn coy{e$ gn}{g{s{ghn$ hyjong|o{ghn$ jhr{ hyN.J.H. as}{ omfnhzdckjc {ec jcnc}g} hb {ec pyhidca$ {ec gn{gboko onk {ec }omygbgmc} hb {ec

pchpdc. Zg{ehs{ omfnhzdckjgnj g{ hy iw iygnjgnj o{ poy zg{e come h{ecy$ Gnkgo {ec hppyc}}hy onk

ojjyc}}hy onk Fo}eagy {ec }silsjo{ck$ odd gn{cddcm{sod onk phdg{gmod cucymg}c zgdd cnk gn bs{gdg{wonk bogdsyc.

Hsy zcdd zg}ecy} onk {eh}c hb {ec }sbbcygnj esaong{w eorc {h }eoyc aolhy yc}phn}gigdg{w {hzoyk}

{ec bgnod }hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy qsc}{ghn. [h oyygrc o{ }hac pcomcbsd }hds{ghn hb {ec pyhidca {ecw

as}{ ecdp {h }{ycnj{ecn {eg} gn{gboko zg{ehs{ zegme$ Gnkgo g} nh{ jhgnj {h meonjc ecyygjgk(ncjo{grc }{onk onk }g{ oyhsnk o ncjh{go{gnj {oidc. ]h$ {ec {odf hb }hds{ghn zg{ehs{ pyc}cn{

}{ysjjdc hy g{} ksc ycmhjng{ghn iw jdhiod mhaasng{w g} o myscd lhfc. O{ ehac ao}}c} bhya {ec

io}g} hb hsy dgicyo{ghn ahrcacn{. G{ g} {ec jcnsgnc khn} hb hsy }hgd zeh ycoddw gnbs}ck byc}eidhhk gn {eg} jyco{ ahrcacn{ onk ahsdkck {ec kcahmyo{gm zhydk {h {ecgy mos}c. O dgicyo{ghn

ahrcacn{ yc}{} hn {ec phpsdoy zgdd$ zegme kyoz} gn}pgyo{ghn byha ehnc}{$ }cdbdc}} onk kckgmo{ck

dcokcy} nh{ {syn mho{} onk cupdhg{cy}.

Phdg{gmoddw Fo}eagy zon{}(ncck} on oddgonmc hb jcnsgnc eg}{hygmod bhymc} *nh{ meosrgng}{} hy bofc

bycckha bgje{cy}. G{ zgdd jh mhn{yoyw {h {ec gn{cyc}{} hb {eg} ahrcacn{ gb o mdo}} hb rc}{ck gn{cyc}{}

g} gaph}ck hn {ec ecok} hb pchpdc onk hdk zgnc gn ncz ih{{dc} g} hbbcyck {h {eca. Agdg{oygdw zc

mon nh{ obbhyk {h eorc royghs} oyack asloegkccn jyhsp}. [ec dc}}hn} byha Objeong}{on oyc cwchpcncy {h crcyw }oncy cdcacn{ gn {ec mhsn{yw. Is{$ {h ms{ {ec yhh{} hb ycod }hn}(bhymc} hb }hgd gn

{ec noac hb ycksmgnj jyhsp} g} onh{ecy bhddw zegme g} cqsoddw konjcyhs} bhy {ec bs{syc hb



Fo}eagy. Snkcy {ec jgrcn mgymsa}{onmc} zecn kgbbcycn{ jyhsp} ehdk os{hao{gm ygbdc} gn {ecgyeonk} cg{ecy {ec Gnkgon oyaw zgdd }w}{cao{gmoddw zgpc hs{ hsy pchpdc$ hy zc zgdd ic cdgagno{ck gn

as{sod jyhsp mdo}ec}. [ecycbhyc {ec agdg{oyw zg}kha phgn{} {h o sngbgck mhaaonk$ o }gnjsdoy

agdg{go hb odd asloegkccn hb Fo}eagy hn {ec po{{cyn hb Odjcygon yc}g}{onmc ahrcacn{ gn 20}. Is{$g{ zgdd nh{ ic o agdg{go hb hnc poy{gmsdoy hyjong|o{ghn. G{ as}{ eorc o no{ghnod nhn poy{w meoyom{cy

zegme zgdd nh{ dcok {h poy{w kgm{o{hy}egp hy {h{odg{oygong}a ojogn}{ G}doa onk G}doagm mhnmcp{ hb kcahmyomw. ]sme agdg{go zgdd nh{ gnksdjc gn onw h{ecy phdg{gmod hy }hmgod om{grg{w cumcp{ {ec jhodhb bycckha. Icbhyc jgrgnj o bgnod }eopc {h {eg} gkco$ zc }ehsdk hb mhsy}c fccp gn agnk

gkchdhjgmod onk {om{gmod cyyhy} zegme zcyc mhaag{{ck iw Odjcygon onk Podc}{gngon ahkcd} gn {ecgy

kow} hb yc}g}{onmc. Oyack }{ysjjdc icmhac} s}cdc}} zecn g{ dhh}c} ecod{ew ycdo{ghn}egp zg{e g{}

hzn pchpdc. O }{yhnj onk myckgidc phdg{gmod saiycddo zgdd om{ o} o zo{me khj bhy {ec }ogk }w}{ca.[eg} }w}{ca(hyjong|o{ghn* mhspdck zg{e Pof(ahyod onk ao{cygod }spphy{ zgdd bsyng}e {eyhsjehs{

on c}}cn{god dcrcy$ zg{ehs{ zegme zc mon nh{ ic oidc {h bhymc Gnkgo {h ncjh{go{c bgnoddw hn hsy

{cya}.

G{ g} snbhy{sno{c {eo{ {ec phdg{gm} gn OL"F onk Pofg}{on mhn{gnsc} {h ic byh}{w onk byhz|w$ crcn

o{ o eo|oykhs} }{ojc hb ih{e Fo}eagy onk Pofg}{on eg}{hyw. [ygbdgnj joac} hb phzcy hrcy}eokhzno{ghnod hilcm{grc} hb {ec mhsn{yw. G{ g} {ec ihkw phdg{gm$ {ec meoyom{cy hb phdg{gmgon}$ isycosmyo{gmo{{g{skc}$ phdg{gmod joaidgnj(aonhcsrygnj$ }cag!kcahmyo{gm iceorghsy$ bcskodg}a$ nch

mopg{odg}a$ c{engm onk ycdgjghs} bono{gmg}a$ kg}poyg{w gn cksmo{ghn$ gjnhyonmc byha G}doa*} ZO][

rgcz hb dgbc$ domf hb as{sod {ys}{ ic{zccn kgbbcycn{ }cm{ghn} onk bckcyo{gnj sng{}$ gncqsodg{w gn

hpphy{sng{gc}$ cupdhg{o{ghn hb zcofcy }cm{ghn} onk co}w jsn msd{syc$ c{m. {eo{ eo} pdojsck {ec

mhsn{yw zg{e snmcy{ogndw onk mhyysp{ghn.

Ehzcrcy$ Fo}eagy g} {ec no{ghnod g}}sc hb Pofg}{on onk {ec dgicyo{ck poy{ g} {ec poy{ hb {ec zehdc

}{o{c$ {ec ahsn{ogn} onk byhn{gcy} hb Pofg}{on onk Fo}eagy fg}} come h{ecy onk zo{cy} hb ygrcy} "}pygnj}$ bdhz {h gyygjo{c bgcdk} hb Pofg}{on. [ecycbhyc$ o eoyahnghs} bgiyc hb ycdo{ghn}egp. ic{zccn

Pof(OL"F g} hb poyoahsn{ gaphy{onmc bhy {ec dgicyo{ghn hb hmmspgck Fo}eagy. OL"F od}h ncck}o mdcon phdg{gm}$ " okagng}{yo{ghn$ zegme odhnc zgdd o{{yom{ ecy iyh{ecy} gn GEF. Pofg}{on iwokrhmo{gnj {ec ygje{ hb }cdb kc{cyagno{ghn snkcy SNH(yc}hds{ghn} eo} {ofcn hrcy o jyonk(}omyck

yc}phn}gigdg{w o} ojogn}{ Gnkgo zeh g} *rghdo{gnj {ec rcyw meoy{cy hb S.N.H. gn Fo}eagy. Pofg}{on

khc} nh{ ncck {h zonkcy gn Fo}eagy gn }coyme hb ecnmeacn hy kh zeo{ Gnkgo g} khgnj bhy {ec do}{

}crcyod wcoy} gn hmmspgck ycgjn$ cu{cnkgnj mcn{yod doz} onk pyh{cm{gnj gn{cyc}{} hb mhyysp{(kgy{wphdg{gmgon}. Pofg}{on zo} myco{ck iw {ec }omygbgmc} hb odd As}dga} gn {ec }si! mhn{gncn{$ dck iw

_sogk!c!O|oa$ o jyco{ phdg{gmod kcahmyo{ hb zhnkcybsd rg}ghn onk rodhsy. [ec }pgyg{ hb {ec

ahrcacn{ zo} hi{ognck byha G}doa onk g{} crhds{ghnoyw pcy}pcm{grc zo} kcygrck hs{ hb {ec gkco}hb ]eoe Zodgsddoe$ Loaodskkgn Objeong$ Mehzkyw Yceao{ Odg$ ]gy ]wck onk dqiod. Pofg}{on g}

{ec hndw mhsn{yw hb {ec ahkcyn zhydk zegme io}ck ecy mhnmcp{ hb }{o{c!ehhk hn {ec pygnmgpdc} hb

{ec do}{ ycrcodck ihhf$ g.c. _syon. Ojc} zgdd ncrcy {syn Od!Fg{oi hdk(gyycdcron{ onk icdgcrcy} zgdd

ycmcgrc jsgkonmc byha _syon {gdd {ec Lskjcacn{ Kow.

FO]EAGY OZOG[] EG][HYGM KCMG]GHN



Gkco} hb dgicy{w$ {eo{ hnmc icmoac eoddaoyf hb Bycnme onk Oacygmon ycrhds{ghn} onk meonjckkc}{gnw hb {ec}c donk} onk pchpdc} oyc nh{ oppdgck iw {ec meoapghn} hb Zc}{cyn onk Oacygmon

kcahmyomgc} {h {ec pyhidca} hb Loaas onk Fo}eagy. [ec khsidc }{onkoyk hb jdhiod phzcy} !

okrhmo{c} hb SN meoy{cy onk mgrgdg}o{ghn} oyc doacn{oidc.

Fo}eagy g} o dcjomw hb ph}{ Eg{dcy cyo. Eok Eg{dcy zhn {ec zoy zeo{ {ec ahkcyn byccCsyhpc(Oacygmo zhsdk eorc khnc {h dgicyo{c {ecgy donk}8 Zgdd {ecw on}zcy8

[ec zgnncy} hb Zhydk zoy ?? ycpdomck {ec dcojsc hb No{ghn} iw {ec SNH. [ecw aokc {ec

sngrcy}od kcmdoyo{ghn hb esaon ygje{} onk omfnhzdckjck {ec ygje{ hb {ec pchpdc hb Loaas onk

Fo}eagy {h mehh}c {ecgy phdg{gmod kc}{gnw {eyhsje o bycc$ bogy onk gapoy{god pdcig}mg{c. Is{ {ecwfcp{ {ec bgdc hb Fo}eagy snkcy ks}{$ {gdd {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy dosnmeck {ecgy ao}} yc}g}{onmc

ahrcacn{ hb dgicyo{ghn gn 50} {h ks}{ hbb {ec g}}sc.

[ec pyhidca zg{e {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy g} {eo{ {ecw oyc As}dga} onk zg{ehs{ hgd zcod{e$ onk {ecpyhidca hb Fo}eagy eo}. iccn oddhzck {h jc{ mhapdgmo{ck iw nh{ gapdcacn{gnj yc}hds{ghn} hn

Fo}eagy. [ec mhdk zoy }mcnoygh mhn{ygis{ck {h {ec Gnkgon gn{yon}gjcnmc o} Fo}eagyg} icmoacycpco{ckdw {ec rgm{ga} hb S.].].Y$ rc{h. [ec zhydk ihkw eo} nh{ specdk {ec rhgmc hb {ec

hppyc}}ck onk }silsjo{ck pchpdc hb Fo}eagy$ zecn {ecw ah}{ ncckck {ec ecdp. Zgdd {ec Sng{ck]{o{c} onk }hac h{ecy cmhnhagm(Agdg{oyw phzcy} phnkcy hrcy {ec gkco {eo{ {ec zhydk ihkw zgdd

nh{ }syrgrc onk mgrgdg}o{ghn(pyhjyc}} hb aon zgdd nh{ mhn{gnsc zg{ehs{ ksyoidc onk ls}{ }hds{ghn}

hb }hac isyngnj phdg{gmod pyhidca} hb {ec Zhydk8

Pcomc g} {ec syjc hb aon hn coy{e. Is{$ pcomc zg{ehs{ ls}{gmc g} s{hpgon. [ec gapyc}}ghn g} {eo{

{ec Sng{ck ]{o{c} onk ecy Zc}{cyn oddgc} zhyf hrcy{dw(mhrcy{dw bhy pcomc zg{ehs{ ls}{gmc {h {ec

ojjygcrck pchpdc$ no{ghn} onk mhsn{ygc}. Zegdc odd Fo}eagyg} eorc sn}eofcoidc icdgcb gnbycckha$ fnhzn gn hsy bhdf donjsojc )O|okg) mhnnh{gnj }cpoyo{ghn byha Gnkgo$ {ec Gnkgon

Jhrcynacn{ odhnjzg{e ecy yoigk$ bono{gm Egnks phdg{gmgon} gn}g}{} hn mhn{gnso{ghn hb pyc}cn{hmmspo{ghn iw ecy bhymc}. SF borhsy} igdo{cyod {odf} ic{zccn Gnkgo onk Pofg}{on zegdc$ {ec S]

}ccf} o ncjh{go{ck }c{{dcacn{ hn {ygpoy{g{c io}g}.

Ehz ycod g} {ec oppyhome hb S] {h Fo}eagy pyhidca8 Onk$ g} {ecyc onw mhnbhyag{w zg{e {ec

syjc} onk ncck} hb {ec pchpdc hb Fo}eagy8 Zeo{ oyc S] pyghyg{gc} onk zeo{ mhnmcyn} ah}{$ hndw

}spcy phzcy gn {ec zhydk8 [eg} g} crgkcn{ byha {ec bhddhzgnj ycphy{ hb )[ec Cmhnhag}{)$ Aow

90{e ! 92{e ?773)<

)Ob{cy {ec Fo}eagy kg}ps{c do}{ bdoyck sp$ gn* ?757$ Oacygmo icjon qsgc{dw }phn}hygnj

)mhnbgkcnmc isgdkgnj) aco}syc} {h moda {egnj khzn... [ec ycrhd{ gn Fo}eagy gn ?757 dhhfck o}{ehsje g{ agje{ pyhrhfc onh{ecy zoy. Zhyygck {ec Oacygmon} }cn{ Yhicy{ Jo{c}$ o }cnghy zeg{c

Ehs}c hbbgmgod %onk do{cy Ecok hb {ec MGO' {h G}doaoiok onk Kcdeg. Eg} oga zo} {h pyhksmc o

ahyc yo{ghnodc ycdo{ghn}egp ic{zccn {ec {zh mhsn{ygc}. Hnc hb eg} }sjjc}{ghn} zo} {h ycksmc {ec

yg}f} hb zoy iw hpcngnj dgnc} hb mhaasngmo{ghn ic{zccn {ec {zh oyagc}$ onh{ecy zo} {h pyhah{c

on )snhbbgmgod kgodhjsc)... }hac s}cbsd {egnj} eorc eoppcnck... )

[ec }oac zo} nh{ khnc$ zecn gn 50} cu!}hrgc{ oyaw hrcyyon Objeong}{on onk onncuck {ec donk

hb Objeon}.



[ecn Lgeok zo} odd ygje{. Ahncw$ acn onk bdhz onk }{hmfpgdc hb oya} onk oaasng{ghn gnObjeong}{on onk Pofg}{on zo} Hfow onk gn {ec ic}{ gn{cyc}{} hb {ec ycjghn. Ncg{ecy Pofg}{on nhy

{ec Lgeokw jyhsp} zcyc kcmdoyck {cyyhyg}{} hy bsnkoacn{odg}{} {ecn. Is{$ hrcy! ngje{ {ec

acongnj(kcbgng{ghn hb oya} onk acn$ zhyk} onk om{ghn} meonjck$ onk Fo}eagyg} zcyc ksiick o}{cyyhyg}{}(bsnkoacn{odg}{} onk Pofg}{on zo} {eyco{cnck {h ic kcmdoyck o {cyyhyg}{ mhsn{yw. O

}coyme bhy acn onk pchpdc oahnj Fo}eagyg} gn(hs{}gkc Fo}eagy icjon$ {h }sg{ ncz acongnj}onk gn{cypyc{o{ghn hb bycckha.

Fo}eagy g} hn {ec ojcnko hb S.N. [ec pchpdc hb {ec ycjghn mhn{gnsc {h yc}g}{ iw crcyw ph}}gidc

zow {ec gddcjod onk snls}{ Gnkgon ysdc hrcy Fo}eagy.

[ec cu{yo!hykgnoyw Pyc}gkcn{*} ysdc cupgygnj hn ?:{e Lon. ?772 eo} bsy{ecy iccn cu{cnkck bhy 2

ahn{e}.

Nh Gnkgon pdon {h isyw {ec g}}sc hb pdcig}mg{c hy }si}{g{s{c g{ *zg{e o boymc hb cgje{ cdcm{ghn} eo}

}smmcckck ksygnj {ec do}{ bhsy kcmokc}.

Hp{ghn} oyc icgnj kg}ms}}ck moycbsddw iw kgbbcycn{ zhydk ojcnmgc}. Is{ nh mhn}cn}s} hn onw

}pcmgbgm bhyasdo g} wc{ gn rgcz. Eg}{hyw hb hp{ghn} g} o} hdk o} {ec pyhidca hb Fo}eagy g{}cdb. Nh

yhok {h {ec bgnod jhod hb bycckha g} co}w$ sndc}} kgbbcycn{ yhs{c}(hp{ghn} oyc kg}ms}}ck {eycokioyc

zg{e Fo}eagyg}.

[ec pchpdc hb {ec {oyjc{ck(hmmspgck ycjghn zcyc {ec ah}{ op{(ygje{ pchpdc {h bgnk hs{ on on}zcy

{h {ec Fo}eagy gaiyhjdgh. Is{ odd cbbhy{} {h {eg} cnk eorc iccn {ezoy{ck(}oih{ojck iwgn{yon}gjcnmc hb Gnkgo onk h{ecy rc}{ck gn{cyc}{} gn ih{e Gnkgo$ Pofg}{on onk Loaas onk Fo}eagy.

Eg}{hyw hb poy{g{ghn onk ph}{ poy{g{ghn kcrcdhpacn{} gn {ec SN rg}!o!rg} Fo}eagy dogk khzn

mcy{ogn rg{od *Pygnmgpdc} zegme jorc Fo}eagyg} o pcybcm{ yhdc {h kcmgkc. {ecgy bs{syc onk }{hp Gnkgo

onk Pofg}{on byha jhgnj {h zoy. Is{$ {ec yhdc hb Fo}eagy zo} agngag}ck onk {ec g}}sc hb pchpdchb Fo}eagy zo} isygck bhy aonw wcoy}. G{ g} hndw {ec kcrcdhpacn{ hb {ec do}{ 2 wcoy} {eo{ {hkow

}hac rhgmc} hb {ec gn{cyno{ghnod dcrcd omfnhzdckjc yhdc hb Fo}eagyg} {hzoyk} o ksyoidc }hds{ghn

hb {ec g}}sc. Gb {ec pyc}cn{ bhymcbsd syjc hb }cdb! kc{cyagno{ghn oahnj Fo}eagyg} g} bsddwyc}pcm{ck$ {ec pyhidca zgdd ahyc co}gdw onk oagmoidw mhac {h o }sypyg}gnj cnk. Ehzcrcy$ g{

ncck} cu{yo!hykgnoyw mhsyojc onk ahyod jyonkcsy gn Gnkgo onk Pofg}{on. ]sme cucapdoyw

kc{cyagno{ghn zo} kcahn}{yo{ck iw Pyc}gkcn{ Jcncyod Kc Josddc hb Byonmc gn ?729$ zecn ecpyhmdogack {ec gnkcpcnkcnmc hb Odjcygo !ojogn}{ {ec zg}ec} hb eg} mhsn{yw*} dcokgnj Jcncyod}

zeh zcyc hn {h{od yoapojc onk kc}{ysm{ghn hb Odjcygo {h gapckc {ec aoyme hb Bycckha.

[ec do}{ {eycc wcoy} jorc igy{e {h }hac ncz pecnhacno zegme eorc icjsn {h gnbdscnmc ac{ehk}hb }{ysjjdc onk iceorghsy hb pchpdc {hzoyk} g{. Od{ehsje io}gm phdg{gmod oga hb o Fo}eagyg zgdd

mhn{gnsc {h ycaogn bycckha byha Gnkgo$ is{ {hkow crcyw Fo}eagyg g} gn zegydphhd$ onk ec zon{}

{h eoaacy }hac g}}sc}. Eg} cwc} oyc hn bhddhzgnj {egnj}<!

?. [yosao{gm o{ah}pecyc mos}ck iw jcnhmgkc$ yopc " gnbgje{gnj.

9. Mhsn{cy!ycrhds{ghn om{grg{gc} iw oyaw iomfck jonj}$ agdg{on{} onk on{g!}hmgod cdcacn{}.=. Nh ycmhjng{ghn hb kg}pdomck Fo}eagyg} onk phdg{gmod rgm{ga} o} ycbsjcc} iw SN.



;. Nh Gn{cyno{ghnod Ycdgcb Pyhjyoaac} iw esaong{oygon ojcnmgc} onk meoyg{gc} bhy {ecboagdgc} hb kc{cnsc}$ aoy{wy} onk pchpdc zeh}c ehac} zcyc isyn{.

3. Ahrc iw Pofg}{on {h ic}{hz )Ah}{ Borhsyck No{ghn ]{o{s} %ABN' hn Gnkgo snkcy {ec

pycbcycn{god {yokc ojyccacn{} ic{zccn {ec zhydk {yokc Hyjong}o{ghn JO[C onk ]OOYM.2. Kcrcdhpacn{ hb ycdo{ghn} gn {ec bgcdk} hb msd{syc$ {yokc$ mhaacymc onk phdg{gm} ic{zccn

Gnkgo onk ecy ncgjeihsy} poy{gmsdoydw Gyon onk Megno.:. [cnkcnmw oahnj Pofg}{ong gn{cddcm{sod} onk phdg{gmgon} {h c}{oidg}e mdh}c dgnf} zg{e Gnkgo

{es} ycksmc Fo}eagy o} o }cmhnkoyw g}}sc gn Pofg}{on.

Ob{cy odd zeo{ }ehsdk ic {ec bs{syc kc}{gnw hb Fo}eagy8 Ommc}}ghn zg{e Pofg}{on hy o }hrcycgjn

ycpsidgm hb Fo}eagy8 Nh }sme mhn{yhrcy}w oyh}c {gdd ?757 zecn bhy {ec bgy}{ {gac Loaas "

Fo}eagy Dgicyo{ghn Byhn{ bhyack g{} zgnj gn$ hmmspgck Fo}eagy. Bhy }hac {gac {ec kg}ms}}ghnmos}ck }hac mhnmcyn$ mhnbs}ghn onk kgrg}ghn oahnj {ec pchpdc. Is{ nhz!o!kow} nh po{ygh{ dhhf}

mhnbs}ck$ icmos}c {ecyc g} mhn}cn}s} hrcy {ec gkco hb )O|ok/) byha Gnkgo o} {ec pygaoyw

hilcm{grc hb crcyw jyhsp onk }cm{ghn hb }hmgc{w.

Oacygmo onk Csyhpc rgcz }h!moddck pyhph}ck cdcm{ghn} gn Fo}eagy o} o }{cp {hzoyk} }hdrgnjFo}eagy qsc}{ghn gn {ec dgje{ hb {ecgy hzn kcahmyo{gm {yokg{ghn}. Ic}gkc} h{ecy eg}{hygmod yco}hn}$

dosnmegnj hb agdg{on{ jyhsp} iw Gnkgo gn Fo}eagy eo} aokc {ec gkco hb }h!moddck phdg{gmod pyhmc}}ahyc eo|oykhs} onk gnmyckgidc. Pchpdc zgdd nh{ crcn }pg{ hn {ec}c cdcm{ghn}. Fo}eagyg} eorc

onnhsnmck $!{h ihwmh{{$ cdcm{ghn} snkcy {ec mhn}{g{s{ghn hb Gnkgo.

[ec S]GP %Sng{ck ]{o{c} Gn}{g{s{c hb Pcomc' eo} g}}sck o khmsacn{ zegme pyhrgkc} {ec yc}sd{} hb

{zh kgodhjsc} %hn Fo}eagy' oyyonjck iw {ec Gn}{g{s{c gn ?77= " ?77;. Zegdc }{o{gnj {ec

gaackgo{c mos}c} onk cdcacn{} icegnk g{} %S]GP' cbbhy{} bhy o pcomcbsd yc}hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy

qsc}{ghn$ {ec khmsacn{ }ow}<

)Zg{e ih{e ]{o{c} nhz mhn}gkcyck o} ncoy!nsmdcoy phzcy}$ {ec {eyco{ hb onh{ecy yhsnk hb bgje{gnj hrcy {ec {cyyg{hyw mhn}gkcyoidw yog}c} {ec }{ofc} bhy odd poyg{gc} mhnmcynck onk bhy {ecgn{cyno{ghnod mhaasng{w. On okkg{ghnod cdcacn{ ycdo{grcdw ncz }cn{gacn{ zg{egn poy{ hb {ec

{cyyg{hyw bhy mhapdc{c gnkcpcnkcnmc$ zegme eo} iccn gnmyco}gnjdw cupyc}}ck iw gn}syjcnmw gn

ycmcn{ wcoy}. Gn {eg} mhn{cu{$ {ec S]GP bgy}{ mhnrcnck o pygro{c snhbbgmgod kgodhjsc oahnj o

jyhsp hb bhyacy kgpdhao{}$ agdg{oyw hbbgmcy}$ lhsynodg}{}$ esaon ygje{} okrhmo{c}$ }mehdoy}$ phdg{gmgon} onk onodw}{} byha Gnkgo$ Pofg}{on onk Loaas " Fo}eagy ncoy. Zo}egnj{hn$ K.M

hn Lon. ??!?;!?77=. [ec kgodhjsc zo} gn{cnkck o} on hbb {ec ycmhyk bhysa {h cupdhyc myco{grc

oppyhomec} {h yc}hdrgnj {ec Fo}eagy mhnbdgm{. [ec pyhksm{grg{w hb {ec ?}{ acc{gnj dck {ec Gn}{g{s{c {h iygnj {hjc{ecy o mhapoyoidc jyhsp bhy o }cmhnk acc{gnj gn {ec }oac }gb{gnj

Lonsoyw$ hn ??!?;!?77;).

[ec S]GP }ow} {eo{ ){ec khmsacn{ g} nh{ o mhn}cn}s} khmsacn{). G{ bsy{ecy }ow} {eo{ o }mcnoygh

bhy o phdg{gmod pyhmc}} {hzoyk} yc}hds{ghn hb {ec Loaas " Fo}eagy mhnbdgm{ icjgn} byha }hac

o}}sap{ghn}$ psyph}c} onk pcymcp{ghn}. G{ }ow}<

)[ec meoyom{cy hb Fo}eagy pyhidca eo} meonjck mhn}gkcyoidw gn {ec po}{ bhsy wcoy}. [gac

odhnc khc} nh{ borhsy o pcomcbsd yc}hds{ghn).



[ec S]GP khmsacn{ }sjjc}{} peo}c rg}c isgdkgnj bhsnko{ghn} bhy kgodhjsc hn dhnj {cya}

yc}hds{ghn}. [ec pyhmc}} g} kgrgkck snkcy bhsy ecok}<

• Peo}c hnc ! Ycmgpyhmod gapdcacn{o{ghn hb {ec ojyccacn{.

• Peo}c {zh ! Pycpoygnj bhy kgodhjsc oihs{ {ec bs{syc.

• Peo}c {eycc ! Kgodhjsc hn {ec dhnj {cya bs{syc.

• Peo}c bhsy ! Ncjh{go{ghn}.

O} g}}sc} bhy bhyaod ncjh{go{ghn oyc gkcn{gbgck$ icjgn zg{e kg}ms}}ghn hb hnc }silcm{ o{ hnc {gac).

Zc ncrcy jyskjc {ec cbbhy{} bhy o pcomcbsd yc}hds{ghn hb Fo}eagy$ icgnj {ygck iw zhydk

dcokcy}(NJH}. Is{$ }sme cbbhy{} zgdd pow kgrgkcnk} hndw zecn Gnkgo g} bhymck {h }{hp {ec pyc}cn{

iys{od hn}dosje{ ojogn}{ Fo}eagyg} onk odd pyc}cn{ kyomhngon doz} oyc zg{ekyozn byha Fo}eagy.

Igdo{cyod {odf} ic{zccn Gnkgo onk Pofg}{on od}h pyhrck bs{gdc onk nh ecokzow mhsdk ic aokc

{eyhsje {ec}c kgodhjsc}. Crcn kgodhjsc} ic{zccn Fo}eagyg dcokcy} onk Gnkgo gn {ec po}{ bogdck {h

gapyc}} o ksyoidc onk ycod meonjc.

O phdg{gmod }hds{ghn }ehsdk pow bsdd ycrcycnmc {h {ec syjc} " o}pgyo{ghn} !hb {ec pchpdc onk

}ehsdk dcok {h o ycod pcomc gn {ec }{ygbc {hyn ycjghn hb Loaas " Fo}eagy.

Phdg{gmod pyhph}od} io}ck sphn Zc}{cyn(Oacygmon rgcz} hb mhnbdgm{} onk {ec Cjwp{gon (

Podc}{gngon ( Mecmengon ( Ih}ngon ahkcd} eorc nh jyhsnk oppcod gn Fo}eagy. O }hds{ghn as}{ icehnhsyoidc onk ksyoidc$ zg{ehs{ onw }poyf hb khsi{ onk kg}}o{g}bom{ghn {h gjng{c {ec bhsnko{ghn

hb pcomc.

Pcomc ojyccacn{} gn Co}{ hy Zc}{ }gjnck ob{cy {ec bodd hb GGG Ycgme gn ?7;3 hy gn pyc}cn{ {gac}

snkcy {ec ocjg} hb SNH hy igj phzcy} dhhf ahyc ob{cy {ec gn{cyc}{} hb phzcybsd mhsn{ygc}.[ecycbhyc$ Gnkgon gn{yon}gjcnmc hn Fo}eagy bomc} nh meoddcnjc} byha {ec}c }h!moddck jsoykgon}

hb zhydk hykcy$ onk {ecyc g} hndw hnc hp{ghn gn {ec Gnkgon agnk. Odd kgbbcycn{ hp{ghn} onk

pyhph}od} }cca {h ic$ hnc }gkck. Nh Gnkgon dcokcy(phdg{gmgon }sjjc}{} hy }spphy{} onw pyhph}od gn{ec noac hb {egyk hp{ghn. Nh {wpc hb {egyk hp{ghn$ o bsddw gnkcpcnkcn{ Fo}eagy hy qso}g

gnkcpcnkcn{ }{o{s} hy mhn}{g{s{ghnod os{hnhaw hy crcn mhnkhagngsa hy kgrg}ghn hn

ycdgjghs}(ycjghnod jyhsnk} g} ommcp{oidc {h Gnkgon agnk zegme g} ecdpdc}} icbhyc Egnks

bono{gmg}a onk agdg{onmw.

Ay. Lojaheon cu!Jhrcynhy hb Loaas " Fo}eagy ]{o{c$ hnc hb {ec pyh{ojhng}{} hb oiyhjo{ghn hb

oy{gmdc =:0$ zyg{c} gn eg} ihhf )Aw Byh|cn [syisdcnmc gn Fo}eagy).

)Hnc hb {ec }{yhnjc}{ yhh{} hb Fo}eagyg }cpoyo{g}a onk odgcno{ghn dgc} gn Oy{gmdc =:0 hb {ec

mhn}{g{s{ghn hb Gnkgo$ zegme jgrc} }pcmgod }{o{s} {h {ec ]{o{c hb Loaas " Fo}eagy).

Ec bsy{ecy }ow}<

)Hndw hp{ghn ! pdomck o} g{ g} ! Gnkgo eo} nh }cmhnk$ {egyk hy bhsy{e hp{ghn. G{ eo} hnc onk hndw

hnc$ hp{ghn ! {ec okhp{gnj coync}{dw$ onk gapdcacn{gnj cbbcm{grcdw$ {ec mhnmcp{ hb *hnc }{o{c*



hnc no{ghn onk hnc kc}{gnw*... [ec meoddcnjc icbhyc s} g} {h agnjdc onk acd{ odd {ec }si}gkgoyw }{yonk} gn{h o Jyco{ [yokg{ghn hb Gnkgon msd{syc onk myco{c o ncz oddhw ! on oddhw {eo{ g} o

ycbdcu hb hsy! gkchdhjw hb Hnc Gn Odd Onk Odd Gn Hnc). %Pojc} 25=!25;'.

[ec}c ycaoyf} ycagnk ac hb dqiod*} Pcy}gon rcy}c hb do{c {egy{gc}<

[yon}< G oa okrg}ck {h {eyhz ozow {ec yh}cyw is{ ec moyygc} {ec %whng' }omyck {eycok hn eg}

}ehsdkcy.

Ay. Lojaheon aokc o {cn phgn{ okrgmc {h {ec Poydgoacn{ hb Gnkgo zegme gnmdskck oahnj h{ecy}<

• %g' ps{ }{yhnj " }s}{ognck pyc}}syc hn pyh!Pofg}{ong {cyyhyg}{} onk {ecgy mhddoihyo{hy}.

• %r' Hyjong}c mhsn{cy!jscyygddo jyhsp}$ }sme o} J]J!7 hb Jcyaonw$ ]O] hb SF onkJGJN hb Byonmc.

• %u' Pyhrgkc dgicyod ycdgcb {h {ec Fo}eagyg. Ponkg{} onk }hdrc gaackgo{cdw nsacyhs}

pyhidca} hb agjyon{ capdhwcc}.

Snkcy {ec jgrcn eo|oykhs} mhnkg{ghn} onk jgrcn {ec bono{gm$ agdg{on{ onk gn{yon}gjcn{ no{syc onkhs{dhhf hb Gnkgon phdg{gmod(agdg{oyw iyo}}$ zeo{ g} {ec zow hs{ bhy Pofg}{on onk Fo}eagy {h acc{

{ec kcaonk hb {ecgy pchpdc}. ]ehsdk Gnkgon} ic oddhzck {h kgds{c$ {ec gnkgrg}gidc psidgm agnk hn

bycckha onk zc }ehsdk jgrc gn co}gdw icbhyc {ecgy aongpsdo{ghn}$ dcorc hsy }{ysjjdc o{ {ec acymwhb mgymsa}{onmc}. [eg} koyf Lhsyncw eo} odycokw {ofcn dgrc} hb oihs{ 30$000 Fo}eagyg} ic}gkc}

kc}{ysm{ghn hb pyhpcy{gc}$ hymeoyk}$ bhyc}{} onk ahdc}{o{ghn onk yopc hb zhacn gn {ec ic}gcjck

ycjghn. Gnkgon} {ehsje }mhynbsd hb crcyw hp{ghn h{ecy {eon gn{cjyo{ghn onk ommc}}ghn kh jgrc {ec

gapyc}}ghn {eo{ {ec ahrcacn{ hb ?770 g} nhz o kgrgkck {egnj byha crcn gkchdhjgmod rgcz phgn{.

[zh Gnkgon Lhsynodg}{} gn ]ygnojoy onk gn Ncz Kcdeg zyg{c gn )Byhn{ Dgnc) {es}<!

) ...... [h {ec {zh hp{ghn} hbbcyck iw {ec Sng{ck No{ghn} gn {ec coydw wcoy} hb {ec kg}ps{c$ {ec

ycmcn{ agdg{onmw okkck {ec {egyk hnc hb gnkcpcnkcnmc. [eg} eo} dck {h on gn{cynod }meg}a

zg{egn {ec gn}syjcnmw zg{e {ec pyh!Pofg}{on cdcacn{} kg}ag}}gnj {ec {egyk hp{ghn o} megacygmod onk gnokag}}gidc. Boyhhq Oiksddoe eo} nhz. }smmcckck gn iygnjgnj o bhsy{e hp{ghn$ {eo{ hb

os{hnhaw... Crcn {eh}c h{ecyzg}c }mcp{gmod oyc zgddgnj {h mhn}gkcy {ec bhsy{e hp{ghn o} o

{yon}g{hyw peo}c$ pcnkgnj o bgnod }c{{dcacn{}.)

Byhn{!dgnc bsy{ecy zyg{c}<

)[eg} khc} nh{ acon {ec phdg{gmod jygkdhmf gn Gnkgo zgdd pcyag{ onw co}w mhnmc}}ghn} pyghy {h

{ec cdcm{ghn} {h Poydgoacn{ ncu{ wcoy... Onk zg{egn {ec }{o{c g{}cdb$ {ec mhnmcp{ hb os{hnhaw yc{ogn} kccpdw kgrg}grc ph{cn{god$ zg{e Loaas onk Dokofe icgnj orcy}c {h onw phdg{gmod ioyjogn

{eo{ zhsdk }egb{ {ec iodonmc hb phzcy {hzoyk} {ec Fo}eagy roddcw). %*Zgn{cy hb snmcy{ogn{w iw

]sfsaoy Asyodgkecyon gn Ncz Kcdeg. ]esgo{ Isfeoyg gn ]ygnojoy'

[eg} }ehz} {eo{ Gnkgo eo} }smmcckck gn aofgnj {ec po{e {h }hds{ghn mhapdgmo{ck$ Nh{ hndw {ec

mhnmcp{ hb o pdcig}mg{c snkcy SN eo} iccn isygck gn {ec cwc} hb SN g{}cdb$ is{ crcn h{ecy hp{ghn}

yonjgnj byha o }hrcycgjn Fo}eagy {h o qso}g gnkcpcnkcn{ ycjghn oyc icgnj qsc}{ghnck onk



kccack iw Loaas " Dokofe %Egnks}' {h ic o )Fo}eagyg ysdc). Fo}eagyg Ponkg{} hb roddcw eorc

odycokw kcaonkck o }cpoyo{c ehacdonk %{h ic moyrck hs{ hb Fo}eagy pyhrgnmc' snkcy Gnkgo.

[eg} g} {ec {gac hb {c}{ bhy {ec zg}kha onk mhsyojc hb Pofg}{on onk bycckha bgje{cy} hb Fo}eagy.

Snbhy{sno{cdw Fo}eagy eo} iccn aokc }hsymc hb phzcy phdg{gm} onk mhyysp{ghn eo} phdds{ck onk

aokc idcof {ec bs{syc hb hsy }omyck }{ysjjdc.

Ehz Pofg}{on(Fo}eagy dcokcy}egp} }ehsdk on}zcy {ec meoddcnjc} ph}ck iw Gnkgo*} }si{dcphdg{gmod(agdg{oyw kgpdhaomw onk }{yo{cjw. Gnkgon }si{dc{w$ aonhcsrygnj onk ys{edc}}nc}} eo}

aokc aonw phdg{gmod(agdg{on{ dcokcy} ncyrhs} onk ps||dck$ od{ehsje Gnkgo g} ecokgnj {hzoyk} on

cmhnhagm mhddop}c$ is{ ehz }hhn Gnkgo zgdd ycodg}c ecy aoknc}} kcpcnk} hn hsy zgdd$ zg}kha$gkchdhjgmod mhaag{acn{$!onk }mgcn{gbgm onk cmhnhagm okronmcacn{.

Fo}eagy mcy{ogndw ncck} on syjcn{ phdg{gmod }hds{ghn ic{zccn Gnkgo$ Pofg}{on onk Fo}eagy. Is{$

{ec bhms} hb come mhsn{yw g} }{yonjc. Gnkgo g} ojjyc}}grc hn hnc hp{ghn$ zegdc Pofg}{ong} oyc o}fck{h mhapyhag}c crcyw zecyc onk hn SNMGP yc}hds{ghn}. Idhhk hb gnnhmcn{ Fo}eagyg} onk {ecgy

nsacyhs} jyorc} gn crcyw mg{w onk rgddojc eorc iccn hrcydhhfck iw {ec zhydk mhaasng{w. Onkehz {ec yhok {h }hds{ghn zgdd hpcn zecn Gnkgo }{gmf} {h hndw hnc hp{ghn onk Pofg}{on(Fo}eagy

oyc pyc}}syg}ck {h jgrc sngdo{cyod mhnmc}}ghn} {h Gnkgo.

?. [ecw %Pofg}{on onk Fo}eagy' }ehsdk kyoz hs{ o lhgn{ pdon hn {ec gn{cyno{ghnod dcrcd {h

jogn ycod bhms} hb zhydk bhyo bhy Fo}eagy. Kcrh{ghn {h mos}c onk kgpdhaomw }ehsdk ic

zcophn} gn {ec eonk} hb Fo}eagyg onk Pofg}{ong ycpyc}cn{o{grc} gn gn{cyno{ghnod bhyo.9. O|ok Loaas " Fo}eagy }ehsdk ic ahigdg}ck hn no{ghnod dcrcd {h lhgn {ec hnjhgnj

}{ysjjdc gn Fo}eagy$ }h {eo{ {ec dgicyo{ghn ahrcacn{ ycomeck g{} dhjgmod onk }smmc}}bsd

cnk.=. [ec omegcrcacn{}(bogdsyc} hb {ec pyc}cn{ oyack ahrcacn{ }ehsdk ic onodw}ck. Oyco} hb

kg}opphgn{acn{(kg}gdds}ghn }ehsdk ic gkcn{gbgck onk ycmhjng}ck.;. Gn hykcy {h }ehz ycjoyk onk yc}pcm{ bhy {ec jyco{ esaon }omygbgmc} hb Fo}eagy$ Pofg}{on

}ehsdk bhyasdo{c }si{dc onk mhecycn{$ phdg{gmod(agdg{oyw pdonngnj bhy {ec dgicyo{ghn hb Loaas " Fo}eagy.

3. Pofg}{on }ehsdk nh{ zhyyw$ nhy cuph}c ecy hp{ghn} hn Fo}eagy. G{ }ehsdk ic Gnkgo bhymck

{h jh gn }coyme hb hp{ghn} onk kg}mdh}c ecy mehgmc hy pycbcycnmc. Pofg}{on }ehsdk cupdhycncz orcnsc} hb }{ysjjdc onk }spphy{$ onk zecycrcy ncmc}}oyw ahkgbw hdk hnc} {h aofc

ecy }{yo{cjw gn {hnc zg{e {ec msyycn{ Ecdd dgfc }g{so{ghn gn Fo}eagy.

2. Pofg}{on }ehsdk byha g{} hzn ojcnko gn mhnbhyag{w zg{e {ec gn{cyc}{}(ncck} hb Fo}eagyg}onk {ecgy ahrcacn{. Onk$ zg{ehs{ onw pyclskgmc zeo{}hcrcy. [ecw %Pofg}{on onk

Fo}eagy' }ehsdk nh{ bhddhz ycokw aokc ojcnko hb h{ecy phzcy}.

:. Pyhidca} hb Asloegkccn onk Aseojgyccn }ehsdk ic }hdrck. Ycqsgycacn{} hb Asloegkccngn}gkc(hs{}gkc %cncaw oyco}' }ehsdk ic bsdbgddck. Crcyw gyyg{on{ }ehsdk ic ycahrck byha

{ec po{e hb }{ysjjdc. Kcrh{ghn }ehsdk ic cnmhsyojck onk kcrh{ck pchpdc }ehsdk ic

ycmhjng}ck onk yc}pcm{ck.

[ec pyc}cn{ oyack }{ysjjdc }ehsdk ic ycpdomck iw o }gnjdc sng{ck!agdg{go hb Fo}eagyg

Asloegkccn onk g{} }{o{s} }ehsdk ic yog}ck sp.



Mos}c} hb mhsn{cy!agdg{onmw onk mhsn{cy!ycrhds{ghnoyw om{grg{gc} }ehsdk ic gkcn{gbgck(onodw}ck {hzhyfhs{ on gaackgo{c bs{syc phdg{gmod(agdg{oyw pdon hb om{ghn. Mos}c} hb kcmdgnc(}c{ iomf

ycmc}}ghn gn {ec phdg{gmod ah{gro{ghn }ehsdk ic onodw}ck onk ncmc}}oyw }{cp} ic gng{go{ck {h

ycahrc {eca.

Gn}{cok hb hbbcygnj hp{ghn} hy rhgmgnj mhnmcyn hn hp{ghn} iw kgbbcycn{ qsoy{cy}$ Pofg}{on }ehsdk{ofc odd pyom{gmod }{cp} {h ycjogn {ec phpsdoy ecoy{ hb Fo}eagy. G{ }ehsdk bsy{ecy gng{go{c phdg{gmod$

kgpdhao{gm onk agdg{oyw }{cp} onk mhapcd Gnkgo {h mhac hn {ec {oidc zg{e ehnc}{w onk zgdd {h

}hdrc Fo}eagy ommhykgnj {h {ec syjc} hb Fo}eagyg}.

Pofg}{on modd} Fo}eagy g{} )Lsjsdoy Rcgn) is{ Pofg}{on*} ah{gro{gnj phzcy eo} ycaognck phhy gn!odd {ec}c kcmokc} hb dsdd hy {syahgd. Crcn {hkow Fo}eagy ycmcgrc} o} }cmhnkoyw {yco{acn{ hn {ec

hbbgmgod cdcm{yhngm ackgo hb {ec mhsn{yw$ o} mhapoyck {h {ec pyhjyoaac} hb

jdoahsy(cn{cy{ognacn{.

Pofg}{on ag}}ck {ec {yogn o{ }crcyod hmmo}ghn} gn eg}{hyw$ icmos}c$ {ec ysdcy}(phdg{gmgon} bhddhzck

{ec ojcnko hb h{ecy}. ]ec eo} odzow} iccn kcmcgrck iw ecy }h!moddck bygcnk} onk }ec eo} ncrcyiccn hidgjck iw ecy bygcnk} gn ncck. Pofg}{on eo} nh{ khnc gn Fo}eagy zeo{ Gnkgo kgk gn Cu!Co}{

Pofg}{on$ gn ?7:?. Zeo{ Pofg}{on bomck gn ?7:?$ gn Co}{ Pofg}{on$ Gnkgo g} bomgnj {ec zhy}{ gnFo}eagy }gnmc ?770. Pofg}{on ag}pdowck onk dh}{ ecy moyk} gn Co}{ Pofg}{on nhz Ionjdokc}e.

Is{$ Gnkgo g} nh{ dowgnj khzn ecy oya} gn Fo}eagy bhy {ec do}{ 2 wcoy}. ]ec g} mhaio{gnj ojogn}{

phpsdoy$ ahrcacn{ hn odd byhn{} onk mhyncy}.

[gac g} ysnngnj }ehy{. G oa aofgnj {ec}c }sjjc}{ghn} }gnmcycdw onk ehnc}{dw$ icmos}c G fnhz aw

ahrcacn{ aw bygcnk} onk bhc}$ aw eg}{hyw onk {ec pyc}cn{ ojhnw hb hsy ecdpdc}} pchpdc. Nh

khsi{ odd g} nh{ zcdd bhy Gnkgo$ is{ zc }ehsdk nh{ ycaogn mhn{cnkck. Gb {ec jdhiod mhaasng{w khc}nh{ mhapcd Gnkgo {h ycok {ec zyg{gnj hn {ec zodd hy iygnj ecy hn {ec {oidc hb kgodhjsc$ {ecn {ec

pyc}cn{ }g{so{ghn agje{ bsy{ecy kc{cyghyo{c onk Fo}eagyg As}dga} agje{ ic dcb{ o{ {ec acymw hb Gnkgo$ zeh zgdd dcorc nh }{hnc sn{synck {h onngegdo{c Fo}eagyg} gn Fo}eagy.

Pofg}{on eo} {h {ofc gng{go{grc$ icmos}c g{ g} o}}hmgo{ck zg{e hsy }{ysjjdc bhy kcmokc}. Gb }ec eo} nh}sme zgdd hy ph}g{ghn$ {gac zgdd nh{ zog{ nhy {ec }{onk}{gdd mhnkg{ghn zgdd ecod sp {ec zhsnk} hb

{ec pchpdc. Gb Gnkgo onk Pofg}{on kh nh{ }g{ {hjc{ecy onk aofc o lhgn{ pdckjc {h ehnhsy {ec zg}ec}

hb {ec pchpdc$ {ecn zeh fnhz} zeo{ kgycm{ghn zeccd hb {gac aow {ofc {h iygnj zyo{e hb no{syc {h

{ec cn{gyc ycjghn. dqiod ! {ec phc{ pegdh}hpecy }ow}<

[yon}do{ghn< No{syc mhnngrc} o{ gnkgrgksod} Is{$ g{ ncrcy poykhn} }gn} hb no{ghn.

Dgicyo{ghn hb Fo}eagy byha Gnkgon mds{mec} g} o dhrgnj oga onk kycoa ih{e bhy Fo}eagy onkPofg}{on. [ec ponj} hb {eg} kycoa ahrc crcyw As}dga. Aonw no{ghn} oyc ihyn hn coy{e ob{cy

po}}gnj {eyhsje {ec}c ponj} hb dhrc onk {syahgd. Is{ kycoa} ao{cygodg}c hndw zecn pchpdc}{ysjjdc bog{ebsddw onk {ecgy dcokcy} dcok {eca ehnc}{dw$ zg}cdw$ sng{ck onk zg{e gn{cjyg{w. G pyow

{h Oddoe bhy {ysc sng{w onk }hdgkoyg{w hb nh{ hndw Fo}eagyg} is{ od}h bhy Pofg}{on {h jc{ hrcy {ec

pyc}cn{ mysmgod pcyghk hb Eg}{hyw.



]eoecck Loaod Objeong onk Kgrg}ghnod Mhaaonkcy Bhyacy

Lgeok Bhymc Pchpdc} Dcojsc ]eoecck . Bowo| .Oeaok %]eoegk'

hb Ioyo|oddo ]ygnojoy.

OB[CY ZHYK

Zc oyc zyg{gnj hsy eg}{hyw zg{e hsy idhhk$ come kow kgjjgnj jyorc} zg{e {coybsd cwc} bhy hsy

rodgon{ }hn} now pdon{gnj crcyjyccn {ycc} bhy ph}{cyg{w$ onk zg{e come aoy{wy crcywkow$ zc okk o

ncz meop{cy hb kg}mhrcyw {h hsy no{ghnod meyhngmdc. G{ g} {ec G}doagm }cn}c hb esaong{w$ zegmeaofc}(aokc eg}{hyw hb G}doa onk As}dga}. G{ g} {ec Lgeok onk Eglyo{ zegme Oddoe(Pyhpec{

%P.I.S.E' hykognck onk As}dga} jcncyo{ghn ob{cy jcncyo{ghn specdk g{ bhy {ec mos}c hb esaong{wojogn}{ hppyc}}ghn.

G ycqsc}{ aw c}{ccack ycokcy} {h {yco{ aw oy{gmdc o} o {ygis{c {h {ec pyc}cn{ acahyoidc onkaoyrcddhs} spyg}gnj hb Fo}eagy$ zegme eo} }sypyg}ck Gnkgo(Pofg}{on onk S.N.H. pcyeop} {ecw

ncrcy {ehsje{ o kow zgdd crcy kozn zecn ;: wcoy hdk mhaag{acn{} hb {ec sng{ck no{ghn} zgdd jc{

nhsyg}eacn{ byha {ec idhhk hb Fo}eagyg}.

[ec sp}syjc hb Fo}eagy eo} ahrck {ec gneoig{on{}$ kg}{syick pchpdc onk }hmgc{gc} onk

mhapcddck {ec zhydk {h {odf hn Fo}eagy pyhidca zg{e ! }cyghs}nc}} onk mhnmcyn. Gnkgo gn yc{syn

g} yogngnj isddc{} hn hsy pchpdc is{ od}h }cnkgnj oppoycn{dw hrcy{syc} hb pcomc onk mhn}{g{s{ghnod

pomfojc} {h Fo}eagyg}. Ecyc G zgdd qsh{c o {ehs}onk {gac} rodsoidc }owgnj hb on Odjcygonbycckha bgje{cy$ zeh o}fck Byonmc gn ?720 gn yc}phn}c {h {ec dc{{cy} hbbcy hb gn{cynod os{hnhaw.

]ook Koedof zoynck Byonmc hn 90 Lsdw ?720 gn {ec}c zhyk}.

)Hsy pchpdc eorc nh{ co{cn jyo}} onk yhh{} gn hykcy {h hi{ogn o ncz }{o{s{c jgrcn o} o

mhnmc}}ghn)<. *]orojc zoy hb pcomc* iw Odg}{ogy Ehac .

[hkow$ o{ o myg{gmod {gac hb hsy eg}{hyw zc bomc cncagc} zg{egn od}h$ zeh oyc }cdbg}e pchpdc$

yh{{cn cjj} onk zhdrc} gn doai} }fgn. ]sme cdcacn{} eorc odzow} {ygck {h }oih{ojc no{ghnod

ahrcacn{} bhy {ecgy pcy}hnod cnk}. G{ g} ksc {h {eg} bom{ {eo{ {ec }oac pchpdc zeh okhyck {ec

dcokcy} hb {ec pyc}cn{ ahrcacn{ o} ecyhc} onk jhk}$ nhz bomc gnmyco}ck konjcy {h {ecgy dgbc$

ehnhsy onk pyhpcy{w. Is{$ }{gdd {ecyc oyc {ysc po{ygh{} pgrh{ hb ehpc} onk {hyme icoycy} hb dgje{oagk koyf ngje{} hb {eg} joykcn. Pchpdc dhhf {h {eca onk nh{ {hzoyk} om{hy} hy ommgkcn{od

meoyom{cy}.

[eg} g} nh{ hsy oga {h myco{c on oy{gbgmgod(}eoddhz dcokcy}egp onk gaph}c borhsyg{c poyyh{} hn {ec

pchpdc. G}doa eo} {h{oddw o kgbbcycn{ oga icbhyc g{ onk As}dga} hb Fo}eagy eorc ygje{dw o

ac}}ojc hb {ys{e onk eoyahnw. Fo}eagyg} oyc on snkosn{ck pchpdc. [ecw kh nh{ bcoy onw coy{edw



jhk. Nh jhkkc}} hb zcod{e(phzcy mon oddsyc {eca. Nhy hdk zgnc gn {ec ncz ih{{dc} mhsdk crcy

}o{g}bw {eca. Dhhf ehz icos{gbsddw Nophdchn Ihnopoy{c kcbgnck {ec jhod hb aonfgnk hn coy{e<

)[ecyc oyc hndw {zh phzcy} gn {ec zhydk {ec }zhyk onk {ec }pgyg{. Gn {ec dhnj ysn$ {ec }zhyk g}

odzow} kcbco{ck iw {ec }pgyg{)

Dc{ crcyw Gnkgon ysdcy(phdg{gmgon snkcy}{onk onk ommcp{ {ec ac}}ojc qsgmfdw.

NCEYS*] RGCZ] HN MHN][G[S[GHN " FO]EAGY P{. Nceys }{o{ck hn 92{e Lsnc ?739<

)Zc eorc nh{ jh{ o mdcoy }do{c {h zyg{c sphn6 zc oyc dgag{ck$ gnegig{ck iw hsy mhaag{acn{} {h {ec

Sng{ck No{ghn}$ iw {eg} iw {eo{. Is{ ncrcy{ecdc}}$ {ec io}gm bom{ ycaogn} {eo{ zc eorc kcmdoyck

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Kashmir Odyssey of Freedom by Farooq Rehmani