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BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 1416, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

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Page 1: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011

Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Page 2: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Background Need for energy dense alternative fuels with reduced emissions compared to those for current fossil fuels.

Page 3: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Coal IndustriesElectricity production from coal is 45% in 2010.Increase in demand for coal.Difficult in getting permissions for IGCC due to increase in emissions.Alternatives to reduce emissions.

Page 4: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

U.S.  coal  industry  would  find  it  beneficial  to combusting  torrefied  wood  as  a  co‐feed  to  reduce carbon and other emissions. Coal  combustion  facilities  can  only  add  5  to  10%  of biomass as a cofeed.New  biomass  fed  electrical  generation  plants  cost from $140 to $200 million.A substitute for coal with similar energy, combustion, shipping  and  handling  properties would  be  an  ideal solution for the coal industry.

Page 5: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Torrefied woodReduces biomass weight by 70%Removal of water and hemicellulosic fractionProduced by heating biomass to 250oCProduct looks like char but contains the original cellulose and lignin content.Original biomass energyAnti‐microbial properties and some water resistance

Page 6: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Torrefaction250‐300oC

Biomass Torrefaction gases

Torrefied Biomass

30% Mass and 10% energy

70% Mass and 90% energy

Page 7: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Advantages of torrefied woodCo‐feeding of torrefied wood with charcoal has demonstrated that emissions of SOx and NOx are reduced.Have low alkali metal content and very low chlorine.Acid gas corrosion will not be a problem.

Page 8: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Torrefied wood pelletsA pelletized or briquetted that is waterproof is required.Waterproof torrefied wood pellet has not been achieved to date.MSU tested a combination of two low‐cost biomass derived compounds to produce a high density pellet with high water resistance.Water resistant bond through unique chemical linking action.

Page 9: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Pellet Making processTorrefied wood + Compound (A+B)

Mechanical stirring in glass beaker for 5‐10 mins.

Placed in a Stainless steel press for 5min with heating at 150oC at 300psi

Page 10: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Composition and Images of Pellets Spec.no.

Torrefied wood(%)

Compound A (%)

Compound B (%)

Hardness(psi)

HHV(MJ/kg)

1 70 20 10 702 21.12 70 10 20 1122 21.23 60 20 20 1533 22.2

Spec no ‐ 1 Spec no ‐2

Spec no ‐3

Page 11: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Mechanical Testing

Page 12: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele
Page 13: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Results of Mechanical TestingSpec.no.

Weight (g)

Radius(cm)

Height(cm)

Volume(cm3)

Density(kg/m3)

Max. load (kg)

Stress(kg/m2)

1 17.38 1.25 3.00 14.73 1180 246 501,891

2 17.00 1.25 3.00 14.73 1154 394 801,915

3 16.80 1.25 3.00 14.73 1141 538 1095,457

Page 14: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Water repellency testPellets Soaked in water for 15 daysPellet has retained the shape without flakingThe weight gain was 1.30% 

Page 15: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Pellets after soaking in water

TW Pellet Coal Pellet TW Pellet after soaking in water for 15 days

Page 16: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Economics Torrefied wood costs about $70/ton and with assistance from the USDA biomass Crop Assistance program the cost of torrefied wood is $35/ton.Cost of Compound A is $1.01 per gallon.Cost of Compound B is $0.70 per gallon.Total variable cost of production of pellets is estimated to be $65 per ton.Considering the capital cost, overhead and profit the estimated per‐ton cost is $75.

Page 17: Kanthi Penmetsa- MSU -BioPro 2011 - Atlanta · 2011. 3. 24. · BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14‐16, 2011 Kanthi Penmetsa and Prof. Philip H Steele

Conclusions and Future workSuccessful in producing torrefied wood pellets with high mechanical strength.Successful in producing pellets with coal dust feed with the same adhesive.To produce high efficient pellets with zero weight gain when soaked in water.Produce pellets with different biomass feed stocks.