Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter: a review

Géral!ne SERVANTService de Physique Théorique- CEA/Saclay

Based on work wi" -Tim Tait: hep-ph/0206071 (NPB)-Tim Tait: hep-ph/0206071 (NPB)hep-ph/0209262 (New J.Phys.)

-Bertone & Sigl: hep-ph/0211342 (PRD)

-Kaustubh Agashe: hep-ph/0403143 (PRL)hep-ph/0411254 (JCAP)

-Dan Hooper: to appear

ADD models

only gravity in bulk

R ~ meV-1 (flat)

Warped geometries

(Randall-Sundrum)

Hierarchy p

b solved

R ~ M-1

Pl M ~ TeVKK

but

(AdS)

- radion dark matter m~meV; (fine-tuned)

- branon dark matter (fine-tuned)

TeV X-dims-1

gauge bosons in bulk

all SM fields in bulk

R ~ TeV-1

(flat) "Universal" X-dims

- radion dark matter m~meV; (fine-tuned) - KK dark matter

WIMP!

- radion unstable

if GUT in bulk - KK dark matterWIMP!

WIMP KK dark ma#erSo far, two working models :

4 Universal Extra Dimensions (UED)WIMP = Lightest KK particle (LKP)

4 Warped GUTs

stability symmetry = KK parity

WIMP = Lightest charged particle (LZP) 3Z3Z symmetrystability symmetry =

+ a potential link between the LZP and baryogenesis...

Literature on KK dark matter: the complete list

Servant & Tait '02Cheng, Feng & Matchev '02Servant & Tait '02

Hooper & Kribs '02Bertone, Servant & Sigl '02Hooper & Kribs '04 Bergstrom, Bringmann, Eriksson & Gustafsson '04Baltz & Hooper '04Bergstrom, Bringmann, Eriksson & Gustafsson II '04

Agashe & Servant '04

Kakizaki, Matsumoto, Sato & Senami '05

Kolb & Slansky '84

Dienes, Dudas & Gherghetta '99

Thought about it, but in 1984 R ~TeV was inconceivable...

Detailed relic density calculationDirect and indirect detectionDirect detection

Prospects for neutrino telescopes

Positron excess

mentionned the idea in passingMohapatra& Perez-Lorenzana '02

Majumdar '02 Direct detection

Indirect detection

Indirect detection

A 2nd look at the relic density calculation

Agashe & Servant II '04

Hooper & Servant , upcoming

Model building, relic density, direct detection, collider signatures ...

Indirect detection

KK dark matter in

UED

Warped KK dark matter

-1

+ superWimp KK graviton papers

LKP dark matter Appelquist, Cheng & Dobrescu '01UED : ALL SM particles propagate into flat dimensions

in Universal Extra Dimensions

Conservation of momentum along extra dimension translates in 4D into conservation of KK number

by the orbifold we impose to recover a chiral theory

Other consequence of KK parity:Production of 1rst KK modes

only by pairs:

˛Weak bound on 1/R

LKP: most likely a 1B

Cheng, Matchev & Schmaltz'02

1-loop spectrum of 1rst KK modes

assuming:1/R=500 GeV, ΛR = 20, mh = 120 GeVand vanishing boundary terms at the cutoff Λ

Another intriguing possibility: LKP=KK graviton (see S. Su's talk)

γ 1(actually a )

)

Relic density pre!ctions

"natural KK resonance"hep-ph/0502059Kakizaki & al ,

4 Effect of 2nd KK modes

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

5d1 Flavor

3 Flavors

D = .05D = .01

Wh2 = 0.110 ± 0.006

mKK (TeV)

Wh2

4 Coannihilation effects

Servant-Tait

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

5d6d

Wh2 = 0.110 ± 0.006

mKK (TeV)

Wh2

4 Possible effect of additional dimension

Servant-Tait

Direct detectionExperimental limits :

LKP signal :

Cheng, Feng, Matchev '02

Servant, Tait '02

Particle physics model building in warped space

−2k |y|

Higgs oralternativedynamics for

breaking

TeVbrane

Planckbrane

4d graviton

Gauge fields and fermions in the bulk

y =

−

ds = dx + r dy

EW symmetry

2

Slice of AdS 5

y = 0 rp2 22

L RSU(2) SU(2) U(1)

5p

e

2005 favourite set-up:

Now embed this into a GUT + solve proton stability

4 High scale unification

4 hierarchy pb4 fermion masses

4 Dark matter

4 FRW cosmology

In GUTs ˛ MX,Ywhere ~ few TeV

˛ very fast proton decay

Solution: Break GUT by boundary conditions which split GUT multiplets zero modes=

SM fermions

Mass spectrum of KK fermions

Depends on:

4 type of boundary conditions on TeV and Planck branes

4 c-parameter (=5D bulk mass)(=localization of zero-mode wave function)

˛

For certain type of boundary conditions on fermions, there can be a hierarchy between the mass of KK

fermion and the mass of KK gauge bosons

Not a single KK scale

Ma$ %ectrum of light&t KK fermionvalue

10-1

1

10

10 2

10 3

-0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.110

-1

1

10

10 2

10 3

-0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

c < -1/2 :

mª0.83÷(c-1/2)÷(c+1/2)ekpr(c+1/2)MKK

-1/2 < c < -1/4 :

mª0.83÷(c+1/2)MKK

c > -1/4 :

mª0.65(c+1)MKK

c

m (G

eV)

MKK

10 TeV5 TeV 7 TeV

3 TeV

There exists a very light KK fermion as a consequence of the heaviness of the top quark

˛ LZP belongs to the multiplet containing SM top quarkand smallest c: c of the top quark

zero modes= SM fermions

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

1

10

10 2

10 10 2 10 310

-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

1

10

10 2

10 10 2 10 3

MKK=3 TeV

MKK=6 TeVWh2 = 0.110 ± 0.01

mLZP (GeV)

W h2 ¨ ƨ Æ annihilation is dominated by Z0 exchange annihilation is dominated byheavy KK gauge boson exchange

Relic density pre!ctions

Agashe-Servant '04

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.210

-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

3 TeV

4 TeV

10 TeV

6 TeV

g10

sn-

LZP (

pb)

(spi

n-in

depe

nden

t)

CDMS limit (only applies for some range of wimp masses)

Wimp-nucleon elastic scattering cross section

(spin-independent)

masses of KK gauge bosons

Direct detection

Agashe-Servant '04

Co'ider Signatur&: exampl&4 W + 2 b+ E

T

6 W + 4 b+ ET

Indirect detection in neutrino telescopes

Hooper & Servant, in prep.

MKK=6 TeV

MKK=10 TeV

=4 TeVMKK

Large elastic scattering cross section: large capture rate in the SunEfficient production of neutrinos in annihilations

Cosmic positrons from LZP annihilations

Hooper & Servant, in prep.

Fit of the HEAT datafrom LZP annihilations

40 GeV LZP50 GeV LZP

A natural framework to relate Ωdark matter

Ωbaryons

andOur dark matter candidate carries baryon number! (B=1/3)

BUNIVERSE

= 0 = B + (-B)

carried by baryons

carried by anti-LZP

Assume an asymmetry between t and t is created via the out-of-equilibrium and CP-violating decay :

X' Xs tLZPanti-

Baryon number conservation leads to:

LZPn

LZPn -3 ( ) = n - n b b

Assuming efficient annihilation between and , and and :LZP LZP b b

b m

LZPnLZP

ρ= DM

≈ 6ρ

mLZP

≈ 18 GeV

-

LKP LSPLZP

n-ccn -3

B -( )Z3KK parity

(-1) n

R-parity

(-1) 3(B-L)+2S symmetry

gauge boson

Dirac fermion

Majorana fermion

nature

helicity suppressed(p-wave)

s-wave s-wave

20 GeV-few TeV~600-1000 GeV

4 LHC 4 Direct detection!

entire parameter

4 LHC!4 Indirect detection !

space is testable

4 Indirect 4 LHC fav()te detection

ma$ ran*annihilationcro$ section

detection

related to proton stability

~50 GeV-1 TeV

- Direct detection: CDMS, Edelweiss, Dama, Cresst, Zeplin, Xenon, Naiad ...

Abundance of experimental activity related to dark matter detection:

˛It is timely to study the distinctive signatures expected in different dark matter scenarios.

- Colliders

- Indirect detection:

Neutrino telescopes:

Gamma-ray telescopes:

Cosmic positron experiments:

LKPs, LZPs: viable alternatives to LSPs

To conclude

Hess, Veritas, Glast, Magic

Amanda, IceCube, AntaresHEAT, Pamela, AMS-2