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-JUST CAUSETHE OFFICIAL NEWSlETTER OF CITIZENSP.O. Box 4743, Arlington, VA 22204 AGAINST UFo SECRECY (CAUS) , Inc .U. S .A.JANUARY 1979 VOL. 1 - No . 7

CIA RElEASES DOCUMENTS-GSW PREVAILS IN FOIA LAWSUIT

As the resu l t of a Freedom of Inform- 'ation Act (FOLA) lawsuit originally fi ledin September 1977 by Ground Saucer Watch(GSW). the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)has released approximately 900 pages of i t sown UFO-related f i les and forwarded nearly200 additional documents back to the originat ing agencies in the Department of Defense , the National Security Agency andthe State Department for clearance.

The ma t e r ia l from the CIA's f i les wasreleased on Dec. 15, 1978, in accordancewith a court-ordered s t ipulat ion filedIn U. S. Dis t r i c t Court, Washington, D.C.The st ipulat ion, which was made a courtorder by U.S. Judge John Pra t t on September 18. 1978, granted the Agency 90days t o search 41 of i ts componentsspecified by GSW.In the course of i ts alleged search,the CIA evidently located the documentsit sent back to the or iginating agencies.This ma te r ia l seemS to consist of around700 or more pages, and i t i s being released on a document-by-document basis ,as each is declassif ied and cleared.According to the covering l e t te r ofU.S. Attorney William Briggs, the CIAreturned the following UFO documents tothe originators: Air Force-76; DefenseIntell igence Agency (DIA)-19; Army-30;Navy- l l ; State Department-40; and Nat t ional Security Agency (NSA)-18.VICTORY FOR GSWThe release of the CIA material representsa to ta l victory for GSW, in that the sui tin i t ia l ly sought the re l ease c:C. five documents related to the CIA's contact withformer Marine Ralph Mayher. In March 1976the Agency admitted having five Mayherdocuments, but said i t could only releasetwo, with about 7070 of each delated inaccordance with exemptions (b) ( l) - - rela ted to classif ied information-and (b)(3 ) - re l a t ed to revealing in t e l l igencesources and me thods . The remaining three

aocument s could not be r e leased a t a l l ,said the CIA, in accordance with thesame exemptions.Furthermore , the CIAls 1976 coveringl e t te r to GSW Director Bil l Spauldingsaid: HAt no time prior to the formationof the Robertson Panel (Jan. ' 53) andat no time subsequen t to the issuanceof the Panel IS report has the CIA engaged in the study of the UFO phenomena.The Robertson Panel Report i s summationof the Agency 's in teres t and involvemen tin th is matter (UFOs)."

Although the CIA had refused to de classify the Mayher documents and thereby forced GSW to f i le an FOIA lawsuit ,the entire five documents were re leasedon Dec. 15th with only minor deletions .This, alone, would mean that GSW hasprevai led- i .e . , fo rced the s o u g h t ~ a f t e rdocuments to be released, and withouteven presenting an argument to th e courtSeemingly, therefore, the CIA's originalcalimed exemptions were arbi trary andcapricious, and the Agency apparentlyfe l t i ts claims would be eaSily defeated in court--which i s what GSW r ep r esentat ives have contended a l l along.

The GSW victory i s further attestedt o by the release of nearly 900 pagesof UFO ma t e r ia l the CIA denied having.Or, in the words of an .2.!!!ai:. magazinecolumnist, "hypothetical, alleged secre tUFO f i les . " These documents belie theCIA's oft-repeated claims of non-involvement with UFOs.CIA STUDIES UFOS DURING FLAPSCareful analys is of the CIA mater i a lreveals the CIA in i t ia ted at leas t threeseparate studies of UFOs : in April 1952,in November 1957, and in January 1965.(The "off icial" CIA study in 1952 beganin August; however, testimony from rel iable sources indicates Office of Scient i f ic In te l l igence (OSI) employee Fred(Contd . Page 2, r ight column)


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JUST CAUSEJanuary 1979 Vol. 1 - No.7Ed i tor: W. Todd Zeche lAssistant Editor: Brad C. Spar ksAssociate Editor: Larry W. BryantConSU l t i ng Editor : Richard Ha l lLega l Advisor: Pete r A. Ge r stenMail Address: P.O. Box 4 7 4 ~ . Ar l ington,

VA 22204 (703 - 920-0 593)Office : CAUS, Attn : Peter Gersten, 191E. 161s t St . , Bronx, NY 10451(2 12-992-9600)

Copyri gh t 1979 by Citizens AgainstUFO Secrecy (CAUS) . Al l Ri ghtsR e s e r v

MUFON MEMBERS AID CAUSThe respon se by members of the Mu-tual UFO Ne twork (MUFON) to an art icleby CAllS Director Todd Zechel in a recent issue of The HUFON UFO J01.ffi.NALhas been most encouraging .Zechel ' s art icle had pleaded fo rfinancial and moral support for FOIAsui ts such as GSW's and ones CAllS intends to f i le in the near future. TheCAllS Director related that the GSW sui thad been successfully carried out mainl y through the efforts and sacrificesof three or four people. UFOlogy as awhole had pretty much stayed back andawaited the outcome.Zechel also dilclosed Citizens Against

UFO Secrecy intends to f i le FOIA lawsuits against Depart ment of Defensecomponents, and included in these suitswil l be requests for documents relatedto the recovery of a so-called "crashedsaucer" by e l ~ n t s of the USAF.CAUS legal 4dvisor Peter Gerstensays he intends to handle the forthcomingFOIA action s, including the "crashedsaucer" requests, and wil l f i le actionsafter the CIA has produced an affidavitdetailing the search of i t s fi les andthe documents i t ' s withholding .MUFON members have contributed muchneeded funds to these efforts , and CAUSwishes to express i ts deep g r a t i t u d e ~

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CLA-contd- Durant , posing as a civi l ian, befriended Major Dewey Fournetand Captain Ed Ruppelt in order for theCIA to gain access to the Air Force'sUFO, data as early as April 1952.)The CIA's interest in UFOs was 6 e e m ~ingly increased whenever a "flap" occurred ( i . e . , whenever there was a flurryof UFO activity around the country oraround Washington, D . C ~ ) . Between f laps,the Agency was a so-cal led "passive recipient" of UFO reports.The summer flap of 1952 seems to havecaused the CIA the most worry. Officeof Scientif ic Intelligence off icerssuch as Marshall Chadwell, Ransom Engand Phil Strong presented papers to th eDirector of Central In te l l igence, Geu.

W.B. Smith , expressing deep concern--to the point of Chadwell calling for aCIA policy to be f ormulated to prevent"panic ."The CIA's 1952 study culminated inthe Robertson Panel, which me t for 4days in January 1953 in order to de term-tne i f UFOs "represented a direct , h o st i le threat to national secur i ty." Although many observers have contendedthe Robertson Panel ' s report, which recommended debunking UFOs, demonstrat edthe CIA was responsible for the so-called"cover-up," the evidence seems to indicate it was the Air Force that en gineered the "cover-up" and was guiltyof withholding significant evidencefrom the CIA . Just how signif icant thatevidence was wil l be br ought to l ightin forthcoming legal actions taken byCAUS.Not much is known about the CIA's1957 study, except that i t resultedfrom a "request f rom 'The Hill ' . - Evidently, this means either a Senatoror Congressman, or groups t hereof , requested the CIA to look into UFO's. Inany case, on November 6, 1957, the CIA'sOffice of Scientif ic In te l l igence levieda requirement on the Contact Divisionto col lec t i nformation on UFOs and forward the data to OSI. (The Contact Divis ion, la ter called the Domestic Contact Service and now known as the Dom-est ic Collection Division, is a domest ic intelligence network with offices


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in most American major c i t ies , and morerecently in most smaller ones as well .Ostensibly, the purpose of this divisionis to interview Americans who have returned from travel abroad, particularlyin countries such as the Sovie t Union.Since the CIA is prohibited by law andcharter from engaging in domes t ic spying, i t has received only tac i t approvalfrom the Executive Branch and Congressto have a domestic component engaged incollecting foreign intelligence. How-ever , the CIA's willingness to uti l izethe domestic offices to collect informat ion on UFOs, and th e relat ive easewith which i t managed to conduct theseprograms, keeping in mind that domest ic agen t s of this component usuallyidentify themselves by CIA to and userea l names, certainly indicates theAgency could and may well have usedthe domestic collection offices for avariety of purposes not related to foreign intelligence.)05I ' s 195 7 levy specif ied the Contact Division UFO data had to be forwarded to CIA headquarters by November14th. Although the order to collec t UFOdata went out to at l eas t 15 c i t ies ,the only reports released to GSW dealwith the CIA's contact with UFO photographer Ralph Mayher--which CAUS andGSW officials were already aware of .I t seems the Cleveland Contact Divisionoff ice 's attention was drawn to Mayherby a newspaper art icle that appearedon November 6 , 1957. The art icle reprinted a s t i l l photo from the UFO filmthat Mayher shot 00 July 29 , 1952 (thesame day an Air Force press conferenceannounced the Washington, D . C . ~ radar!visual sightings were attributable toIItemperature inversions I I ) .

Mayher had turned his film over tothe Marines on the same night i t wasmade. On the following day, the 30th,the f i lm was developed in a civil ianprocessing lab aSSOCiated with a MiamiTV stat ion. Although no copies weremade of th e 16mm film, the processingtechnicians did manage to run off twosets of seven or eight frames, one ofwhich was given to Mayher . The otherse t was retained by the TV stat ion,WTVJ, and la ter confiscated by the

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Marines and subsequently transmittedto the Air Porce.The film i t se l f was turned over toMajor William Frazier of Air Force Int e l l i gence on July 31, 1952. Fraziersent the film to Air Force In te l l i gencein the Pentagon, and that ' s the la s tanyone outside the Air Force has seenor heard about the film . I t is notavailable in the National Archives,where al l UFO evidence collected by theAir Force is allegedly deposited.

On November 7, 1957, Mayher was contac ted by an agen t from the Cl eve landdomes t ic Contact office. The agentterviewed Mayher about his sighting andwas g iven five s t i l l photos to be analyzed by the CIA. In December, th ephotos were returned to Mayher by anotheagent, but no analysis results were disclosed. Contact Division memos, however,indicate the film photos were analyzeda t "high levels" of th e Agency, the results of which were not made known evento th e Contact personnel.When th e photos were returned to Mayher, he asked the agent for permissionto s ta te th e CIA had shown an interestin his f i l m and had analyzed frames ofi t . This permission was denied by theCIA r ep re sen tativeJand Mayher was askedto keep his contact with the Agency conf ident ia l . Later, however, Mayher discussed his CIA contacts with Major Donald Keyhoe, Director of NlCAP. Keyhoesubsequently wrote several l e t ters tothe Director of Central In te l l igence ,complaining that Mayher had been s ilenced. Keyhoe's le t ters put the CIAon the spot, but they managed t o sendhim several evasive replies and Keyhoeeventually dropped his interest in themat t e r .

Missing from the CIA material r eleased to GSW are the analysis of theMayher photos, other reports generatedby the Contact Division, conclusions onor evaluations of the data collected.and summary reports issued to whoeverrequested the study in the f i rs t place.The CIA documents reflect th e Agencyperiodically demonstrated an interestin NlCAP (the National Inves t igationsCommittee on Aerial Phenomena ), a groupheadquartered in Washington, D.C. Thus,


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i t seems appropriate that the Agencyturned to NlCAP for information on UFOswhen another study was requested onJanuary 19. 1965. This time. the requestcame from the Director of Centra l Intelligence. based, apparently , over concern about th e flap of s ightings in andaround Washington, D.C./ during December1964 and January 1965. Included in th eflap was a sighting made by Army SecurityAgency personnel in a downtown Washington. office.The same day th e new UFO study wasordered by DCI, th e 19th, an Office ofScientific Intelligence officer calledthe Washington-area Domestic ContactService office and requested agent AlColeman to obtain UFO reports fr omNlCAP. During Coleman's briefing, th eOSI official told him the group washeaded by Major "William Kehoe ," whothe 051 said had retired some threeyears earlie r to form NlCAP-a grouphe was no longer associated with, addedthe 051 man. (Obviously, th e OSI briefing amounted to a farce, since almosteverything which was said ahout NICAPand ''Kehoe'' was totally in error.)Coleman subsequently phoned NlCAPand made an appointment to see RichardH. Hall. Assistant Director and thereal power behind the throne, on th esame day . Keyhoe, author of a numberof books and art icles depicting a massive cover up of UFO evidence by theAir Force, was frequently absent fromNlCAP ' s office and Hall usually handledmanagement of the flourishing organization and i t s enviable sub.committeereportin g network, which Hall had established.Coleman met with Hall later thatafternoon in NICAP ' s Connecticut Ave.office. After a friendly chat, Colemanasked for and was given UFO sightingreports pertaining to incidents whichhad occurred recently in the Washingtonarea. Coleman also requested to be keptpos.d on ensuing developments and "gaveHall several phone numbers whe re hecould be reached. Later, Hall phonedColeman to ask i f he was interestedin more"UFO reports; the DCS agentsaid he w a ~ and Hall sent the new data

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to a washington l D.C., post office box.Weeks la ter . al th e reports were returned to NICAP with a covering le t terby Coleman thanking Hall for his cooperation, but without furthe r commentabout the reports themselves.While the documents released to GSWreveal the CIA was considering grantingHall a security clearance and using himas a full . t ime source on UFOs. no an alyses of the reports Hall providedwere re l eased; nor were reports thatseemingly would have been sent by otherDes offices.

In general, i t appears the CIA hasrather carefully selected the mater ia li t has thus far released . disclos ingbasically only those documen t s whichrelate to CIA involvement CAUS and GSWofficials were previously aware of andcould establish in a court of law.At the conclusion of i ts 90-daysearch, the CIA was supposed to havesubmitted an affidavit detailing i tssearch of f i les . l ist ing the documentsi t intends to withhold and accountingfor each deletion i t made in the released material with an appropriateexemption under the Freedom of Information Act. All that was provided toGSW, however, was a covering le t terstat ing the Agency intends to withhold57 documents. Subsequently, the CIAwent to U.S. Distr ic t Judge John Prattand obtained a 60-'day extension toprepare th e affidavit . Pratt grantedthe extension without offering GSW 'sattorney an opportunity to present anargument.In the meantime, CADS Director ofResearch Brad Sparks ha s determinedthat over 200 documents are directlyreferenced in the material released-a l l seemingly related to UFOs-and remain unaccounted for. In other words,the CIA IIdidn' t f ind" at least 200documents i t should have . Furthermore,Sparks asserts the released materialderives from only 4 of the 41 componentsGSW requested to be searched, indicating37 components weren't searched or thatnot one single document was found inthem, whichever you prefer.Even more puzzling- and angering-


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i s the fact CAUS Director Todd Zechelreceived a le t ter from th e CIA in August1978 informing him the Agency had jus tlocated "1,000 additional pages of UFOmaterial ." A follow .up phone cal l byZechel to CIA Information & PrivacyCoordinator Charles Savige determinedthe 1.000 pages were mostly Office ofScientific Intelligence fi les whichhad been located in th e ret ired archives.Furthermore. phone cal ls between GSWattorney Peter Gersten and U.S. AttorneyWilliam Briggs led CAUS officials tobelieve the CIA had located in excessof 5.000 documents. The conversationsbetween Gersten and Briggs took placeaf ter the court-ordered search of fi lessupposedly began on September 18th.and more than a month after th e CIAhad said in a le t te r it had alreadylocated "1,000 additional pages."Thus, there are very serious questiGns remaining about th e validi tyof the CIA's alleged search of f i les .I f there has been any misrepresentation,~ the fault l ie s total ly with the Agencyand the U.S. Attorney. Moreover, theCIA's haste in releaSing the documentsto the public--including a substantialnumber of news media organizations-without accounting for i t s deletions,as i8 required by law. without preparing i t s affidavit as required bythe court , and without taking stepsto protect th e rights of a number ofcivil ians named in th e documents, givesevery indication the CIA was more thananxious to dump the material in orderto fu l f i l l a disinformation purpose.This contention seemS to be supportedby th e fact not one person other thanthose associated direct ly with CAUShas been able to determine th e extentof th e CIA's involvement with UFOsfrom reading the documents. The facts ,as stated in this ar t ic le , are t h e r ~ jhowever, one is required to be an expertin order to interpret and decipher

~ ~ , @pparentlv.NSA AND STATE DEPT. WlTJffiOLD REPORTSMost of the documents sent back tothe originating agency by the C I ~ 2conjunction with GSW 's


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wrote scripts in French and Russian forVoice of America radio broadcasts, amongother covert missions. "Count" de Rochefort managed to get himself appointedVice-Chai rman of NlCAP in late 1956.The "Count" was a controver sia l ultraright-winger and a leading force in thelobbying effort to prevent Red Chinafrom being recognized or admitted tothe U.N. For covers (visible employmentto mask his CIA involvement), he ut i lized professorships at Georgetown andAmerican Universities, as well as c l a i ~ing to be an escort interpreter with theState Department.The other CIA agent was an even more

my sterious person named Bernard J . o.Carvalho , a native of Lisbon, Portugal.Among other missions, Carvalho had beena cut-out (go-between) man for suchCIA proprietaries (secretly owned c o ~panies) as Fairway Corporation, a charterairline utilized by Agency executives.He managed to get himself appointed tochairman of the group's (NICAP's) membership subcommittee, a key position .Since the Air Force had been interested in Townsend Brown's propulsiontheories back in th e early '50s,as Project Blue Book records at test , one mightexpect th e CIA was interested as well(from a research & development point ofview). Additionally, because of theAir Force's and CIA I S concern over thepotential subversiveness of UFO groups,as articulated by th e Robertson PanelReport in 1953, one might well expectto find covert CIA agents infil tratinga newly-founded, Washington-based UFOorganization.Obviously, since de Rochefort isdead and Carvalho hasn't been heardfro m in many, many years, the exactnature of the two agents' roles inNICAP may never be learned. One writerwho attempted to obtain confirmationof de Rochefort's CIA employment throughthe F r e e d o ~ of Information Act, endedup losing an expensive FOtA lawsuitwhen the U.S . Distr ic t Judge upheld theCIA I S "can neither confirm no r deny"posture on covert employees . But thereis more than ample evidence to conclusively establish both de Rochefort andCarvalho were at least during certain

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Vol. 1 - No . 7periods of their lives covert employeesof the Central Intelligence Agency.Because Townshend Brown wa s mostly adreamer with ambitions lof t ier than hecould even hope to fulf i l l (such aspublishing at leas t two monthly magazines and a salary structure for th eNICAP s taff that many corporations wouldhave envied), he was stripped of hisleadership position in January 1957 andMajor ( U S M C ~ R e t . ) Dona ld Keyhoe wasappointed President of NlCAP .Keyhoe had entered the flying saucerfray with guns blazing away by writingan article entit led "The Flying SaucersAre Real," which appeared in the J anuary 1950 edition of True magazine.An Annapolis graduate-and former aviatiowriter, he gave respect to th e theorythe governmen t--specifically the AirForce--was covering up th e truth aboutUFOs j that th e government knew UFOswere extraterrestrial visi tors but decided not to te l l the public out offear of panic.Evidently because Keyhoe ' s attackson the govemment excluded th e CIA andwere mostly barbs hurled at the AirForce and th e so-called "Silence Group"within i t j shortly after assuming th ereins of NlCAP he managed to induceVice- Admiral (USN- Ret. ) Roscoe 8illenkoetter, former and original Directorof th e CIA (1947-50), to join NlCAP'sBoard of Governors. Hillenkoetter wasa classmate of Keyhoe's at the NavalAcademy t and his service as a figureheadon Keyhoe's chosen board gave th eorganization and Keyhoe a tremendousboost in credibility.Hillenkoetter told Keyhoe privatelythat the CIA had been interested in UFOsfrom the very beginning (June 1947) ofthe reports, and kept a watchful eyeon th e subject despite the lack ofdirectives to do 80 . He also allowedhimself to be quoted as say ing: liTheAir Force has constantly misled theAmerican public about UFOs I urgeCongressional action to reduce th edanger fro m secrecy."In 1961, Keyhoe began sending his"proof" of UFO "reality, censorshipand the increaSing hazards of secrecy"to Congress, hoping to init iate an investigation by the House Science and


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Astronautics Committee. In May of 1961the House Space Committee formed a subcommittee to look into UFOs. In AugustKeyhoe sent the committee members astatement signed by Hillenkoetter. "Acting with the majority of the NlCAP Boardof Governors, I urge i mmed iate Congressional action to reduce th e dangers fromsecrecy about UFOs," Hillenkoetter said.He l isted the dangers as: "The r iskof accidental war, from mistaking UFOformations for a Soviet surprise attack.(2) The danger that the Soviet government may, in a cr i t ical moment, fa18elyclaim the UFOs as secret RU8sian weapon8agains t which our defenses are helpless."By early 1962, Keyhoe was well on theway to forcing Congress to open hearingson UFOs and the Air Force's means ofdealing with the subject . Even thoughmuch of Keyhoe's evidence was predicatedon confidential informers he couldn' tbe cer t ain would tes t i fy , he was countingon Hillenkoetter 's willingness to makecondemnations of Air Force UFO policiesto carry th e day. But suddenly Hillenkoetter pulled the rug out from underhim by abruptly resigning from the Board,and Keyhoe's CongreSSional invest iga t ioncollapsed fas te r than a three-story houseof cards.Hillenkoetter 's l e t t e r of reSignationsaid: "In my opinion, NlCAP's investigation has gone as far as possible. Iknow UFOs are not U.S. or Soviet devices.The Air Force cannot do any more underthe circumstances and I believe weshould not continue to cri t is ize theirinvestigations "Since Hillenkoetter 's le t ter represented an aLmost to ta l reversal fromhis earl ier pOSitions, Keyhoe has longsuspected the Admiral was pressured bythe CIA and/or the Air Force to dropout of the picture and quit making troublesome statements. But unti l the GSW FOlAlawsuit, Keyhoe's suspicions remainedunconfirmed.Without going into details at th epresent time, CAUS has determined thatHillenkoetter was in fact pressured bythe Agency at th e behest of the Air Force,which communicated a number of complaintsabout Rillenkoetter 's role in NICAP to

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But while the CIA and Air Force putextensive pressure on a former CIADirector in order to persuade him todrop his involvement with NICAP, anotherBoard member who held a high-level posi t ion in the CIA apparently wasn't pressured at a l l and remains on the Board tothis day. His name i s Col. QJSAF-Ret.)Joseph Bryan, I I I . He is the founderand original Chief of the CIA' s Psycho, logical Warfare Staff (1947-53).And unti l C A U s ' ~ DoR Brad C. Sparksuncovered Bryan's covert employmentwith the CIA during the course of hisinterviews with former CIA employees,very few people--including Keyhoe- - koewof Bryan's CIA connections. But Bryanhas now confirmed these connections ininterviews with CAUS Director Todd Zeche l in 1977 and 1978.Bryan approached Keyhoe in late 1959asking to see some of his "real ly hotcase s . " Since Bryan was ostensibly anAir Force officer . Keyhoe i mmediatelysuspected an AF plot to inf i l t ra te hisorganization. and he resisted the Colonel 's advances. However, Bryan soonput Keyhoe's mind at ease by allowinghimself to be publicly quoted as saying:"The UFOs are interplanetary devicessystematically observing th e Earth,either manned or remote-controlled, orboth. Informat ion on UFOs ha s been offic ial ly withheld. This policy is dangerous."Contrast Bryan's statement to Keyhoe, which led to his being invited toserve on the Board of Governors, tothe one he made in March 1977, describin g his reason for jo ining NICAP: "Ithought the government was neglectingi t , was turning i ts back on i t , clOSingi t s eyes to i t , and I thought somebodyought to t ake over-and express an inte res t io i t . Don Xeyhoe, whom I r especed and admired very much, seemed to bethe leader in this thing so I joinedup with him."While admitting to hwing been aformer covert official for the CIAand asking that this fact not be madepublic since " i t might embarrass CIA,"Bryan denied any association or co mmunication with the CIA during the periodhe has served on the NICAP Boa-rd. Haw-


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ever, when i t was suggested to Bryanthat two CIA covert agents had penetratedNlCAP in the very beginning, he remarked:"Penetrated! Good God! What do you wantto penetrate NICAP for? There's nothingto penetrate about-- i t was a ll overt,the whole thing."Bryan may well be right. Former CIAbriefing officer Karl Pflock was chairman of NlCAP's Washington, D.C. subcommittee during the late 1960s andearly 19708. Pflock denies the Agencyever asked him for information on UFOsor NlCAP. although he kept his CIAaffi l iat ion secret from most NICAP officia ls . But someone close to NICAP gavethe CIA information on the group, asa 1913 document recently released toGSW reveals.The undated CIA document, written byan unnamed person from an unnamed com-ponent of the Agency, indicates somefamiliarity with G. Stuart Nixon, atthe t ime a top assistant to NICAP President John L. (Jack) Acuff. Interest ingly,the NICAP daily activity logs from thelate 1960s and early 1970s ref lect thatNi.%on met with several past and present(then) CIA employees on a frequent basis.The CIA off ic ia ls include Art Lundahl,then the Director of the CIA's NationalPhotographic Interpretation Center, FredDurant, author of the Robertson PanelReport and a former CIA Office of Scient i f ic In te l l i gence missile expert, andDr. Charles Sheldon, a con su l tant tothe Agency now with the L i b r ~ of Cem-gress.Another former CIA employee Nixonsays be's had IIdozens" of conversationswith is Col. Joseph Bryan. Curiously,however, none of the NlCAP logs reflectany conversations between Nixon or Bryan,either by phone or in person, a l t h ~ u g halmost every other daily occurrence isdenoted in th e logs. Questioned recentlyabout this discrepency, Nixon refusedto comment.Even more curious is the fact Nixonrefuses to discuss his involvement in"the ouster of Keyhoe from his positionof NICAP President on Dec. 3. 1969 .However, i t should be noted Nixon's "nocomment" stance serves him better than

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Col. Bryan's statements on the samematter. Bryan f latly denied during a1977 interview that he had anything todo with Keyhoe's abrupt removal fromhis President's position. In fact , Bryanasked the interviewer, Todd Zechel, t ocommunicate a message to Keyhoe. "Pleaset e l l him that I had nothing whatsoeverto do with i t , " pleaded Bryan.Yet. NlCAP fi les on the Dec. 3, 1969executive committee meeting in whichKeyhoe was voted out clearly establisbthat Bryan not only was Chairman of theBoard of Governors at the time, but thahe wrote and distributed a memo in whiche called Keyhoe "inept." Evidently.this memo, coming from the Chairmanof the Board, helped convince an otherwise loyal-to-Keyhoe panel to approvehis f i r ing.Most interesting of a ll is a handwritten note in the same fi le in whichStuart Nixon questions the proprietyof Bryan's remark in l ight of the planto placate Keyhoe with some sort ofResearch Director's appointment. Seemingly, Nixon is only cri t ical of Bryan'action because the subcommittees wil lfind i t incongruous Keyhoe is beingput in charge of their activities afterthe Chairman of the Board has labeledbim more-or-less a bumbling fool. Nixondoesn't seem to quarrel with the factKeyhoe was being treated like yesterdaydung. But not many people at NICAP did.Keyhoe's abrupt dismissal paved theway for Jack Acuff to be appointed thenew President of NICAP. Acuff had beenmeeting with Stuart Nixon since mid-196seemingly waiting in the wings. Priorto his NlCAP appointment, Acuff had beethe head of the Society of PhotographicScientists and Engineers (SPSE). a Wash-!ington-based group that had been thetarget of frequent KGB spying attempts.Apparently, the Soviets were interestedin the Society because a la rge numberof i t s members were photo-analysts withDepartment of Defense intelligence c ~ponents and with the CIA. Acuff, becausof his role as the head of SPSE, wasapproached by Soviet agents on severaloccasions. He reported these approachesto the FBI and subsequently began to


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meet with the KGB agents in behalf ofWashington FBI office, acting, in effect ,as a covert agent.In May 1977, Acuff was once againapproached by Soviet agents. but thistime they expressed an interest in UFOs.Acuff contacted the FBI and the Bureaugave him the go-ahead to play along withthe KGB off ic ia ls . However, other thanmaking a few ambiguous comments aboutoffering Acuff money. the Soviets neverdid make clear what their intentionswere. Recently , however, Acuff disclosed he stands ready to continue cooperating with the FBI and would meetwith the Soviet agents i f they contactedhim.

Since taking over NlCAP, Acuff. hasconverted the organization from beinga vocal and persistent cr i t ic of thegovernment's UFO po l ic ies to being arather "passive recipient" of civil ianUFO reports. The group's investigatingnetwork , the subcommittees, was dis banded shortly af ter Acuff took the job.But even though NICAP offerred the publ ic very l i t t le in the way of originalinvestigations or research, and i t s news_l e t te r , "UFO Investigator," became mostl y a collection of unspectacular sigheing reports mailed in by loyal members ,NICAP managed to maintain a subscribingmembership in excess of 3,000.Since Keyhoe had been accused of mismanagement or non..,;.anagement, and NICAPunder his leadership had constantlyteetered on the brink of bankruptcy,the hiring of a professional managerin the person of Acuff was evidentlya decision by the Board to put thegroup on solid financial footing .Acuff achieved f isca l soundness ina hurry by firing a ll ful l - t ime NICAP

e m p l o y e e ~ including, eveotuallY1 Nixon(Nixon actually re signed under pressure)except for a secretary whose salary wasspread between NICAP and several othernonprofit groups Acuff managed underone roof.After a slow s ta r t , NlCAP was soonbringing in around $50,000 a year underAcuff. However, usually around $35,000of the NICAP income went to Acuff Associates for "contracting services," whichtnclu4ed part of the secretary 's salary ,-9 -

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Acuff 's salary, and a few office expensesthat were also sp l i t with the other groupbeing managed out of the same office.For example : In 1975, NICAP's to ta lreceipts came to $50,333 . 59. Of thatincome , Acuff r eceived a f la t $35,000for his management fe e or "contractingservices." (The contracting servicesfee does not include the newsletterexpenses except for whatever portion ofthe secretary 's time was involved 1ntyping i t ; a l l other newsletter expenseswere l isted separately in disbursements.)During 1975, $76 of the $50,000 incomewas spent on "general research."In 197.6, NICAP began i ts downwardf inancial sl ide. I t received $41,690.05,nearly $10,000 less than the previousyear. Acuff, however, t O Q ~ a cut of only$1,000 , claiming $34 ,000 for contractingservices . That year , $20 went for genera l research. (The ridiculously l ow research figures may account for at leastpart of the decline in income.)By 1977 , Acuff was claiming NICAPowed him money; te l l ing Todd Zechel inMay 1977 t ha t "NlCAP i so ' t pulling i t8own w,eight." In 1978, things took an evengreater turn for the worse. In order toraise money , Acuff took to se l l ing someof NlCAP's supposedly outdated mailingl i s t s . Unfortunately for Acuff , one hiscustomers turned out to be a neo-Nazigro up headquartered in Canada, Samisdat .By August 1978, a new and controversiacharacter emerged from out of NICAP'spast: "Dr. I Williard (a .k.a . " W i l l a r d t ~F. McIntyre, a former photographic consul tant to the group and friend of StuartNixon. McIntyre began accusing Acuff ofof knowingly sel l ing the mai l ing l i s t sto the Nazis and told various UFOlogistsaround the country that Acuff intendedto merge with Samisdat, or sel l NICAPto them. In the meantime, Acuff had beenapproached by Aerial Phenomena ResearchOrganization, a pro-contactee group basedin Tucson, A r i z o n a ~ Jim Lorenzen, AFRO'sIn ternational Director, asked Acuff i fhe was interested in sel l ing NICAP. Acuffevidently replied affirmatively, and aprice in the $40 , 000 range wa s discus sed.In actual fact , Acuff had been trickedinto sel l ing NICAP 1s mail ing l i s t s tothe Nazis by the Nazis' us e of a front -


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group called ''The Idea Center," whichthey employed whenever they wished tomask the Nazi aff i l ia t ion . But McIntyrecontinued with his vociferous accusations,inciting many former NICAP members andemployees to s tar t an ad-hoc group called"The Ad-Hoc COlll'nittee To Preserve NICAP."The ad-hoc members, which included JohnCarlson, Dick Hall and Larry Bryant,worked behind the scenes to block anyattempts .by Acuff to sel l NICAP's potent ial ly valuable fi les to someone whomight misuse and abuse them, or keepthem, hidden away for self ish reasons.While McIntyre worked franticallyto thwart what he thought was a sel l out to th e Nazis, he began to assertprivately that he was a former covertagent of the CIA and said he knew Acuffhad worked for the CIA too. Interviewedby CAUS Director Todd Zechel in August1978, McIntyre said he had util ized theSociety of Photographic Scientists andEngineers (SPSE) as a cover for his CIAemployment. Jack Acuff, then the headof SPSE, had known about this covertCIA activity and willingly cooperatedwith i t , McIntyre alleged.McIntyre also claimed that he f i r s tjoined NICAP around 1967, while workingat the CIA's National Photo Interpretation Center (NPIC). Contrary to Agencypolicy, McIntyre said he did not clearhis NICAP membership with his employers,and was subsequently called on the carpet for not reporting i t . According toMcIntyre, while he was being verballyreprimanded for his failure to notifyhis superiors, Col. Joseph Bryan's namewas mentioned as th e source of the information that a covert CIA agent (McIntyre) had infi l trated NICAP.

McIntyre named his CIA superiorsas Jim Atherton and William Leftwich.He also identified a building at 1000N. Glebe Road, Arlington, Va., as asecret CIA center. However, undersubsequent questioning, McIntyre fa i led to recognize the building's c o m m o n 1 ~ -known (within CIA circles) nickname,"Blue U."(so-named for the blue panelsthat are an eye-catching part of i tsappearance). A CAUS investigation determined Jim Atherton and William.Leftwich both worked in the photographic-10-

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f ield, which McIntyre had been associated with for a number of years, butneither had ever worked for the CIA.Because McIntyre failed to recognize "Blue U." and didn' t seem to knowi t was a CIA training center. and hadincorrectly referred to CIA's clandest ine component as "DDT I! (rather thanDDP- -Deputy Director for Plans), andhad given erroneous information abouttwo persons in the photographic f ield,CADS officials decided to disregardhis allegations about both Acuff andCol. Joseph Bryan.In the meantime, however, McIntyre'saccusations that Acuff was about to"merge with the Nazis" stirred up interest on Capital Hill . Senator BarryGoldwater (R-Arizona), a NICAP Boardmember since 1974, was alerted of Acuffalleged Nazi deal through his aid,Charles Lombard, with whom McIntyrehad apparently spoken.By mid- September 1978, i t was clearAcuff wanted out of the NlCAP job, clairing the organization awed him a ratherlarge Sum of money. Key ad-hoc committeemembers began contacting the NICAP Boardto offer taking posseSSion of the flIesshould the group fold. Dick Hall ofMUFON and John Carlson of INFO proposeda coalition between NlCAP, MUFON, CUFOS(Dr. J . Allen Hynek's Center For UFOStudies) and INFO.In general, the reaction to Acuff'shandling of NlCAP was one of outrageddisgust by former NICAP officials andemployees, many of whom had lost interest in the group's activit ies over thepast several years. The basis of theformer NlCAPers anger was the feelingthey had a l l worked and sacrificed tomake NlCAP a potent influence duringthe mid-1960s; they had assembled aninvestigating network that the AirForce could never hope to match. Now,they fe l t , Acuff had lived off the reputation they had established, had sucked i t dry and thBn wanted to dump i t .Or, as one former NlCAP employee put i t ."Acuff got on a damn good horse and roci t until i t dropped. He never took careof i t or fed i t , and now he's trying tosel l the bones."


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The NICAP Board, meantime, hadn Itseemed to have been bothered by the factAcuff took in over $50,000 in 1974 andspent only a paltry $67 on research ( in-vestigations), or that in 1973 he tookin over $48,000, and in 1975 over $50.000again, with similar miniscule amoWltsexpended for "general research. I Neitherdid they seem to be bothered by NICAP'sdwindling membership and an almost totallack of respect for the group throughoutthe world.What did bother the Board, evidently,was Acuff's faux pas in selling the group'smailing l i s t s to Samisdat, and th e factpast and present NlCAP subscribers weresuddenly being deluged with Nazi brochures.Charles Lombard, Sen. Goldwater's aid ,was incensed and worried about the possible effect Acuff's boner would have onhis boss. (Goldwater's opponents couldhave a field ..day with a Nazi t ie-in tothe conservative Senator.)Thus, by the October 17, 1978, Acuff'sfate was sealed--he was through as NlCAPlsPresident . Following the meeting, Boardmembers reported Acuff had "res igned."But Acuff was allowed to remain on theBoard, apparently in an effort to staveoff his demand to be paid in ezaes8 of$20,000 he claimed NlCAP owed him for"contracting services." The f i les wouldalso remain in Acuff's custody. (One former NICAPer said, "He Is holding the fi lesas ransom. ")While the Board more or less rejected the ad-hoc committee's idea for acoalition at the Oct. 17th meeting ,i t did decide to work out some sort ofmerger with Dr. Hynek and CUFOS. Atthe same meeting, two new board memberswere voted in; Charles Lombard, Sen.Goldwater's aid. and John Fisher, headof the American Security COWlcil, anultra-conservative polit ical lobbyinggroup.Toward the end of October, formerNICAP Director Wlder Major Keyhoe, Richard H. (Dick) Hall, began making proposals to the Board and offering toserve as Acuff's replacement. Hall 'sovertures were met with mixed responseby key board members: Gen. (USAF-Ret.)Robert Richardson and Joseph Hartranftreacted favorably, telling Hall he was

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their most l ikely candidate. CharlesLombard, on the other hand, seemed tofeel Hall wasn't qualified for theposition as he defined i t . Lombard indi -cated in an October 30th meeting withHall and Dr. Hynek, wherein Hynek hadflown into Washington at his own expensesince NlCAP claimed i ts treasury wastotally empty, that he was searchingfor a ''White Knight" to rescue NICAP-a ret ired government official withmanagement experience who could ta pcorporations and foundations for donations.Yet. even though Lombard seemed tobe set on appointing an ex-intell igenceofficial of some sort , Richardson kepttel l in g Hall he was their mos t promisingprospect and would probably be appointedat th e November 29th board meeting. How-ever, not only was Hall not appointedin the November meeting, he was droppedfrom consideration. Also suffering atthe meeting was the proposal to mergewith CUFOS and have NICAP newslettersubscribers receive the InternationalUFO Reporter magazine as a substitutefor the nearly-defunct UFO Investigator.Acuff, the resigned President, seemedto be at least partially responsiblefor blocking the CUFOS merger, apparently because he had discovered the Centerwas nearly as moneyless as NICAP. Acuffseemed to be in favor of a merger withAPRO, which indicted i t had substantialfunds or access to t h e ~ (Most observersfeel Acuff wants to be paid off and doesn 't feel the CUFOS deal would achievea quick payment of his "contracting services!)Thus, by January 1979, NICAP was s t i lwallowing in confusion. The Board hadtalked in glowing terms about raisingfunds for UFO research by uti l izingJohn Fisher 's Communication Corporationof America, a conservative fund-raisingmechanism, but details of the campaignto raise money were slow in being workedout. Apparently, up-front money was needed to get the effort started, but neitheNlCAP or CUFOS had operating funds enougto swing i t .In the meantime, Lombard' s search fora ''White Knight" took a humorous turn .Art Lundahl, a ret ired CIA official l iv-


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JUST CAUSE

ing in Bethesda, MD, was offered theNlCAP Presidency by an unnamed boardmember in early January. Lundahl quickly pointed out the storm of protestsuch an appointment would arouse anddeclined the offer. Subsequently, several other re t i red CIA officials wereoffered the job. Finally, one accepted.The new ' 'White Knight" i s Alan N.Hall, about 60, a retired CIA employeel iving in Bethesda. Reportedly, Hallhas agreed to f i l l Acuff's shoes fora 6-month t r ia l period on a volunteerbaSis, without pay_ Not much i s knownabout Hallts background at the moment,except that he evidently worked inBome technical capaci ty_perhaps with

the Office of Scientific Intelligence,or in the DDS&T directorate .Obviously, the appointment of aretired CIA emp loyee raises some serious questions of propriety. Duringthe late 1950s and ear1y-mid-1960s,NlCAP, under Keyhoe, received a greatdeal of confidential information onUFO cases that were being kept secretimilitary and ~ n t e l l i g e n c e sources repeatedly leaked inside UFO info toKeyhoe. Apparently because of i ts pastreputation. NlCAP continued to have

confidential UFO data leaked to i tduring Acuff's tenure. In late 1976,fo r example, an off icer in the Pentagon provided Acuff with copies ofa number of classif ied documents,including the now-famous Iranian report and several other "hot" reports.In 1978. an NSA employee suppliedAcuff with information about domesticUFO reports that were coming in throughNSA's communications system.The fact Acuff was working as a covertagent in behalf of the FBI raises someobvious questions about how these confidential sources were handled. Andnow that a retired CIA employee Istaking Acuff's place, even more seriousquestions are ra ised. Like: What happens to someone who walks in and handsAlan Hall a classified UFO report, notknowing the strong government t ies ?Does th e document ever see the l ight ofday? Does the source ever again see thel ight of day1

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Who knows, maybe this is a ll a setup. One would naturally have to be suspicious of any board of governors thatwas comprised of two former CIA covertemployees (Bryan and Lombard), a retiredAir Force General once associated withthe Foreign Technology Division (FTD),the component that took over UFO analysisand an ultra-conservative polit ical act ivwho once compiled fi les on millions ofAmericans he considered "potentiallysubversive" (Fisher).But maybe i t i sn ' t a set-up. Maybethey just aCCidentally destroyed NICAPby hiring a businessman who couldn'tcare less about UFOs and let t ing himstay on the job until the reputationKeyhoe had established had been milkedfor a ll i t wa s worth.Maybe i t ' s just a coincidence thatthe founder of the CIA's PsychologicalWarfare Staff has been on the board fornearly twenty years. Maybe . i t l s anothercoincidence that Charles Lombard, aformer CIA covert employee (accordingto himself) would seek out a retiredCIA e%ecutive to run the organizationafter a covert agent for the FBI haddecided to resign when the money ranout.

Or maybe we lre a l l paranoid. Maybewe shouldn't even blink our eyes whenthese hocus-pocus acts occur. PerhapsKeyhoe deserved to be fired from theorganization he bui l t with his own sweat,blood and sacrifice. The timing couldn'thave been better. in any case. Keyhoe,after al l , was beginning to focus on theCIA in 1969. instead of his tunnel-visonedattacks on the Air Force. Then there wasthe matter of the Condon Report, issuedin 1969. With Keyhoe out of the way.the laughable conclusions of Condon andhis gang of merry UFO debunkers allowedthe Air Force to get off the hook forgood.To come r ight out and say i t was a lla conspiracy would either be leaping atconclusions or stating the obvious--takeyour pick. But in the f inal analysis ,the re sul t s speak fo r themselves. And theresults ar e that i f they wanted to d e s t r ~the leading anti-secrecy organization ofthe 1960s, they couldn't have done a bettjob i f theyld tried.


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JUST CAUSE

Editor ' s Note: I t ' s possible the gentlemen associated with the NICAP Boardof Governors are gui lty of nothingmore than poor judgement. Most Boardmembers who took part in the hiringof Jack Acuff have expressed regrets.They say the hiring was a mistakeand that a management-type with nointerest in UFOs wouldn't and couldn 't work out. Yet, knowing that hasn 't prevented them from appointin gan ~ C I A employee to replace Acuff.By this and other actions, they havecreated the appearance of impropriety.CAllS worked dil igently behind thescenes attempting to convey the ideato the Board that another unpopularand secretive hiring such as the onewhich occurred in 1970 would doomNICAP and place the Board in totalsuspicion . Our warnings went unheeded. I f the Board thinks NICAPcan exist on an island by I tself ,cut off from mains tre am UFOlogy, andwith a total lack of t rust and cooperation, we think they will discover they've made a t remendous andtragic mistake.

CAUS NOTES*Since mid-December, CAUS and GSW havebeen overwhelmed with media in terestin our activit ies . CADS Director Tod dZechel has been interviewed by over40 radio stations, several newspapers,television stations , and a number ofmagazines , including Newsweek andseveral foreign publ ications.*+bB ,Washington Post, one of th e nat ion'smost influential papers, carried afront-page story entit led ' ~ a t Were ThoseMys terious Craft" on January 19, 1979.The story was based on documents obtainedby Todd Zechel under th e FOLA related toth e Oct./Nov. 1975 flap of hoveringsb9 low-altitude UFOs over SAC B-52 basesand missile sites . The story was pickedup by the wire services and many papersthroughout th e country carried i t frontpage, including the Atlanta Constitution,which ra n i t as a banner headline .*CAUS Director Todd Zechel and GSW DirectorWilliam Spaulding appeared toge ther onNBC-TV's "Today Show" on Wednesday, Jan . 24 .

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Interviewed by co-host Jane Pauley aboutthe 1975 flap (which Pauley was underthe mistaken impression had been releasedas part of the CIA suitj in fact, the 175flap materia l had been r eleased mostlyin 1977), Zechel said t he reportsdica ted t he Air Force had a major securitproblem on i t s hands.*On Thursday, Jan. 25, CAUS Director ToddZechel testif ied before the House RulesCommittee of the ~ u s e of RepresentativesState of Mississippi. Rep. Horace Buckleya black legis l ator from Jackson, Miss.,introduced a r esolution in th e Houseasking th e Mississippi government topetit ion the U.S. Senate to conduct aninvesti gation into UFOs. The r esolutionalso called for President Carter to l iveup to his reported campaign promise anddisclose what the government knows aboutth e subject.Zechel and Al Hendry, Chief I nvestigatorfor th e Center For UFO Studies, were invited by Rep. Buckley to appear 8S expertwitnesses on th e problems of getting UFOinformation fro m th e govlt . and th e needfor scientific re search.Interestingly, the members of the commitdidnlt deny th e reali ty of UFOs; on thecontrary, at least two members of the subcommi t tee argued that the government cons idered UFOs a threat to nat ional securi ty and had a perfect r ight to withholdinformation.*CAUS is presently swamped with documentsand is working intensely to sort out theones which would be of interest to i t smembers. A new l i s t of documents for salewill be circulated to a ll members whohave requested i t . CAUS Document Manager& Publ ic Relations Coord inator Don Berl iner will be handling the sales.*CAUS is syndicating a radio series ent i t led CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE GOVERNMENTKIND . Highlight of the series is thecrashed saucer case . Four separate witneswi l l be heard, as well as a document thatseems to support the case. Contact yourfavorite r ad io s tation and ask th em i fthey've heard from us .

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JUST CAUSEUFO WHISTLEBLOWERS

""iotl.b1owing -_ that fine a r tat a government employee's ratting onh1e/her employer tor alleged i11egal/improper conduct -_ became a minigrowth industry 1n tM Watergate eraard now is inviting the attention ofresearchers specializing in "investigative rej>Orting" of UFO infor1'l\ationpolicies/practices. To the vhistleblower's craft we owe the revelationsof th e f8 l l l0U9 Iranian and Cuban airintercept UFO cases.

Though there are too few incidences of UFO vhlstleb10wing to drawa firm personality protile, here'swhat we can surmise about the typicalpractitioner:

(S)he is an intelligence em-ployee (ei ther military or civilian)privy to raw UFO data being processedthrough the nation s intelligencechannela.

(S)he i. familiar enough withthe popular UFO l i terature to be ableto discern politics fraM legitimateconcern tor "national security" - - and1n so doing is motivated more by asense of w y to the ultimate nationa1 interest vis-a-vis the UFO controversythan by all)'" sense of loyalty to hisfher employing agenc,r.

Vo l. 1 - 7

(S)he is willing to go only sofar in subjecting career security tothe almost thankless prospect or honesty and candor in public affairs. (S)he can be influenced to blcrnthe whistle louder and more frequently i t s( he) perceifta support from

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fellow workers and from the reCipients ofhi . /her "lenks!! of rcreto!"ore suppressedUFO data.

The above was submitted by a memberof the CAUS staff. He suggested wecreate a special fund to offer amonetary reward to persons who pro-vide leads to suppressed UFO data.We feel the idea has merit- bu t wewould no t want the offer to be construed as an inducement to violatelegitimate laws. vows or oathes ofsecrecy. After all . we operate under 'the assumption UFO.related documentscannot be lawfully withheld undernational security grounds accordingto the countless statements and findings made by various government agencieswhich proclaim exactly the opposite.We would like some reader feedbackon this matter. with let ters addressedto CAUS Administrator Larry W. Bryant.

J UST CAUSEP.O. Box 4743Arlington , VA 22204Send FIRST ClASS To:

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Just Cause Zechel v1 i7