JunOS Overview and Products

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Juniper JunOS Overview & Products

By:Mohit [email protected]

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Facts about Juniper The company was founded by a former Xerox principal scientist, Pradeep Sindhu in Feb, 1996. Headquarters: Sunnyvale, California.

Employees: 9,600+ employees and 123 offices in 47 countries .Revenue: USD $4.4 billion (2012)

In September 1998, Shipped their’ first product, Internet backbone M40 core router. In September 2000, Shipped their first full-performance access edge routers, M Series Multiservice

Edge Routers. In October 2006, Introduced next-generation packet-forwarding engine technology, I-chip, the basis

for a new family of Ethernet-specific carrier platforms, MXSeries 3D Universal Edge Routers In June 2007, Juniper raised the bar with the industry’s most energy efficient multi-terabit T1600

Core Router. January 2008, Juniper entered the enterprise switching market with new family of EXSeries Ethernet

Switches. In October 2012, Announced the world’s most powerful edge services engine, the MX2020 3D

Universal Edge Router. The world’s top 5 social media properties run on Juniper, supporting more than 4½ billion updates

per day. 7 of the 8 largest stock exchanges in the world trade across Juniper products. Acquisitions 21 total.. Major being Ankeena Networks, NetScreen Technologies, Altor Networks.


WHY JUNOS?

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JUNOS™ Software – Simplifies Operations Deployed since 1998

First high-performance network Operating System

15+ years of innovation and developmentThousands of features for diverse set of needs

Serving most demanding customersHigh-performance enterprise and public sector accountsTop 100 service providers

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JUNOS™ Software – Generates Significant Operational Savings

JUNOS reduced average time spent by 25%*

Troubleshooting

Monitoring

Upgrading

AddingInfrastructure

Planning

Other

29%

24%

54%

18%

i.e. Adding a new router

i.e. Upgrading the OS

i.e. Monitoringdevice health

i.e. Resolvingdevice issues

i.e. Preparingfor adds/changes

Troubleshooting

Monitoring

Upgrading

AddingInfrastructure

Planning

Other


Segregated Control and Forwarding Planes

Data Flows Stay on Forwarding Plane

Distinct Hardware, Processes, & Memory SpaceManagement, Routing Engine, Forwarding Engine

Code Compiled to PFEs (Packet Forwarding Engines)Firewall FiltersPolicersRoute LookupsCounterscflowdSampling


Configuration Editor Commit Changes as a New “Config”

Look at, Compare Last 50 Configs

Add Comments to Each Config

Ensure Exclusive Access to Editor

Schedule Commits

Confirm Commits to Prevent Lockouts

Hierarchal SyntaxUses “stanzas” or levels for each categoryView, edit, save, import, export whole config or partsExtensive search optionsRename values; Find & Replace any text


Other JunOS Benefits

FreeBSD BaseShell access!

Granular, Delegated Admin Rights

Distinct, Interchangeable RIB Tables

Virtual Router OptionLeverage Discrete Routing Engines

Management OptionsCLIGUI (local and central)XML scripting


JunOS Solution Portfolio

EX8208

EX8216

M & T Series

MX Series

SRX650

SRX3000 Series

SRX240

SRX210

J SeriesEX2200

EX4200

EX3200

SRX100 SERVICES G

ATEW

AYS

RO

UTE

RS

SRX5000 Series

Unified Management (NSM)

SW

ITC

HES


Juniper Systems Running JunOS M Series Routers

Built for Aggregation Points – FE to OC-48 Interfaces

J Series RoutersEdge Devices – FE to DS-3 Interfaces

EX Switches1U Stackables with 128 Gbps Uplinks (True Stack)8- & 16-Slot Chassis with 100 Gig Interface-ready Backplane

SRX FirewallsFrom 1U Small Office Case up to Core ChassisUp to 120 Gbps Firewalling; 960 Gbps BackplaneBuild to Purpose with True Linear Scaling & Modular Services

MX and T Series RoutersFor Metro Ethernet and High-end Clustered Routing


Juniper Hardware ComponentsThe major hardware components in a Juniper routers are:

Router Chassis Chassis is a rigid sheet metal, which contains all other router components.

Routing Engine The Routing Engine consists of an Intel-based PCI platform running the JUNOS software. The Routing Engine maintains the routing tables used by the router. Routing Engine consists of a CPU; SDRAM for storage of the routing and forwarding tables and other processes.

Flexible PIC Concentrators (FPCs) The FPCs contains the Physical interface Cards (PICs) used in the router and connect them to other router components.

FPCs install into the front of the router in either a vertical or horizontal orientation, depending on the router.

Physical Interface Cards PICs are used to connect to a network media. PICs receive incoming packets from the network and transmit outgoing packets to the network. PICs encapsulate the packets received from the FPCs before transmitting them to the network.

Power Supplies Each Juniper Routers has one, two, or four load-sharing power supplies. Some routers can operate using either AC or DC power while the other routers operate with DC power only.

Cooling System The cooling system keeps all router components within the recommended operating temperature limits. The cooling system for each router is unique and can consist of fans and air filters.

Front Panel Rear Panel


CLI Overview Command Line Interface access

Router console port Network access via SSH or Telnet

Simple to use, text-based command interface

Various commands for configuring JUNOS and Monitoring/Troubleshooting software, hardware and network connectivity

JUNOS supports two modesOperational ModeConfiguration Mode

CLI Command Hierarchy


CLI Overview – Help Provides context sensitive

(Operational or Configuration mode)help at any level of the hierarchy

juniper@host> ?juniper@host > show ?

juniper@host > show system ?

[edit]

juniper@host#> set protocols bgp ?


CLI Overview – Command Completion Allows completion of commands without requiring user to

recall entire syntax

Applies to filenames, usernames, configuration dependant policies, firewall filters, etc.

Use Space or tabshow version show ver [press space or tab] => show version


CLI Overview – CLI Messages Messages appear when you:

Enter or exit from configuration modeCommit a configurationType a string or value that is not valid

Invalid string a message "syntax error" or "unknown command" appears with a caret (^) indicating error location

user@host> clear route ^ syntax error, expecting <command>.

CLI may display commands available to correct the syntax error

[edit] user@host# load myconfig-file <Enter> ^ syntax error, expecting `merge',`override', or `replace'.


CLI Overview – Hierarchy Movement Keyboard command sequences (Unix Emacs) for line commands

and viewing recently used commands

Ctrl-U Erase Line

Ctrl-W Erase word

Ctrl-A / Ctrl-E Goto Beginning/End of line

Crtl-L Redraw line

Ctrl-F Forward

Ctrl-B Backwards

delete/backspace Delete char before cursor

Exactly Like CiscoExactly Like Cisco


JUNOS CLI Modes

JUNOS Operational Mode JUNOS Configuration Mode


Various CommandsVarious Commands

Operational Mode – Overview Initial mode following successful login

Controlling the CLI

Monitoring and Troubleshooting

Connecting to other systems

File management

Controlling the system

Initiating Configuration mode

Exiting the CLI

Primarily used for viewing the operation of system status


Operational Mode – CLI Environment Setting the CLI environment

show cli

– user@host> show cli

CLI complete-on-space set to onCLI idle-timeout disabledCLI restart-on-upgrade set to onCLI screen-length set to 24CLI screen-width set to 80

set cli

– Change any of the CLI parameters


Operational Mode – A Few Commands show version

show system ?

file ?

show interface

show interface terse

show interface extensive

request support information

show chassis ?


Operational Mode – Command Pipes show interfaces | ?

show interfaces | count

show interfaces | match fxp1

show interfaces | find fxp1

show interfaces | save filename

show configuration | compare rollback 1

request support information | save filename

show configuration| compare (filename | rollback n)Like Unix diff


Operational Mode – File Directory Structure /config (flash)

juniper.conf, juniper.conf.1, juniper.conf.2, and juniper.conf.3

/var (disk)/var/home - users’ home directories/var/db/config - juniper.conf.4 through juniper.conf.49/var/log - Contains system log and tracing files/var/tmp—core files, temp directory for new software

/altroot (disk)request system snapshot commandthe root file system (/) is backed up to /altroot

/altconfig (disk)request system snapshot command/config directory is backed up to /altconfig.


Operational Mode – Log Files Log files kept in /var/log

show log list of log files in /var/log

show log filename more filename

monitor start filenamelike Unix tail –fmultiple people can view log files at same time


Operational Mode – JUNOS Software Each JUNOS software release consists of the base operating system

(jbase) and six software packages:jbase - Contains additions to the operating systemjkernel - Operating system packagejroute - Software that runs on the Routing Enginejcrypto - Security software (Domestic version only)jpfe - Software that runs on the router’s Packet Forwarding Engine

(PFE)jdocs - Documentation for the software

These six packages, when grouped together, are know as a jbundle

Download software packages from: www.juniper.net/support/

The same binary image of JUNOS runs across all Juniper platforms!

http://www.juniper.net/support/

http://www.juniper.net/support/


Operational Mode – Software Naming Convention Package-m.nZnumber.tgz

m.n is the major version

Z is a single uppercase letterA – AlphaB – BetaR – ReleaseI – Internal Test or Experimental

Number is the release number

jbundle-13.2R1.3-domestic.tgzSoftware version 13.2Released softwareRelease 1Build 3Domestic export restricted version


Operational Mode – System Shutdown

Two methods to gracefully shutdown and restart the router and JUNOS

request system haltrequest system reboot


Configuration Mode – Overview Initiated by entering “configure or edit” in Operational Mode Prompt changes Banner appears indicating hierarchy level Hierarchy of statements

area interfacetraceoptions

area-range

stubvirtual-link

Trunk of Hierarchy Tree(Top-level Statements)

Trunk of Hierarchy Tree(Top-level Statements)

bgp

dvmrp

igmp

isis

icmp

ospf

rip

rsvp

router-discovery

mpls

sap

Protocols

Branches of Hierarchy Tree(Container Statements)

Branches of Hierarchy Tree(Container Statements)

dead-interval

hello-interval

metric

passive

interface-type

priority

retransmit-interval

transmit-interval

transit-delay

poll-interval

Tree Leaves(Leaf Statements)

Tree Leaves(Leaf Statements)


Configuration Mode – Prompt Changes

Prompt changes from “>” to “#”

user@host#

Banner appears indicating Hierarchy level

[edit interfaces]user@host#


ConfigurationIn text file

Nine previousconfigurationsNine previousconfigurations

Configuration Mode – Candidate Configuration Initially a copy of the active configuration

Changes to candidate configuration do not take effect until successful commit or commit confirmed

Container and Leaf statements

CandidateConfiguration

CandidateConfiguration

InterimConfiguration

load

copy, save

CommitConfirmed

Commit“x” minutes

WithoutCommitting

Rollback/config/juniper.conf.n (n=0-3)

/var/db/config/juniper.conf.n (n=4-49)

ActiveConfiguration

ActiveConfiguration


Configuration Mode – Set Command Add or change configuration

set system host-name “Bangalore”

set interface fxp0 unit 0 family inet address 1.1.1.1/24

set routing-options router-id 2.2.2.2/32


Configuration Mode – Edit Command Example:

top?showedit interfaces?showtop


Configuration Mode – Top Command

top level – moves to top of edit hierarchy

edit interfacesshowtopshow


Configuration Mode – Up Command

Move up one level in edit hierarchy

Example: edit system loginshowupshowupshow


Configuration Mode – Exit Command

Exit configuration mode

Move to previous edit level in hierarchy


Configuration Mode – Show Command

View the candidate configuration

Pipe the show command to compare existing Candidate configuration with previous configurations or files


Configuration Mode – Delete Command Remove configuration statements

edit interfaces fxp1 unit 0showset family inet address 1.1.1.1/24showdelete family inet address 1.1.1.1/24show

delete protocol ospfdelete protocol bgp

topdelete


Configuration Mode – Run Command Execute CLI commands from configuration mode with the run

command

run show interface fxp0

run show bgp sum


Configuration Mode – Commit Command Save changes and activate

commit - checks configuration before activating it

commit check - Check only, do not apply changes

commit and-quit - Quit configuration mode if commit succeeds

commit confirmed – next page…


Configuration Mode – Commit Confirmed Command

commit confirmed - Automatically rollback if not confirmed.

By default, the configuration runs for 10 minutes before the rollback.

You can change the time by specifying the number of minutes at the end of the command.

If you do not want the rollback to occur, issue a second commit command before the rollback occurs.

Current config is juniper.conf (/config on flash)

Saved configs are juniper.conf.1, juniper.conf.2, …,juniper.conf.49


Configuration Mode – Save Command save filename

saves the configuration to an ASCII file on hard drive, floppy drive, ftp site, …

Default directory is your user directory /var/home/username

saves from current level and belowtopsave filename

Note: only commit activates and saves all your changes to flash (/config).


Configuration Mode – Load a Configuration File

Configuration information can come from an ASCII file prepared offline

Use the load command tooverride an existing configurationmerge new statements into existing configurationreplace existing statement in current configuration


Configuration Mode – Rollback Command Restore previously committed config

Stores last 50 committed – 0 is current running config and 49 is oldest saved config

set system host-name commitshowrollback 1show


Delete Entire Candidate Config. edit or configure delete show rollback show

OR

edit or configure

save demo

delete

show

load replace demo

show


JUNOS CLI Outline Trace Options set traceoptions file filename

files (default 10)size (default 128k)world-readable

set traceoptions flagWhat do you want to look at?Various options

monitor start filenamelike Unix tail –fmultiple people can view log files at same time

Troubleshooting – Real-time Monitoringmonitor interface <interface>monitor interface traffic


Difference between Cisco and Juniper Architecture:

Cisco IOS traditionally is a monolithic operating system, which means it runs as a single operation and all processes share the same memory space.

JUNOS, on the other hand, was constructed as a modular operating system. The kernel is based on the open source FreeBSD operating system, and processes that run as modules on top of the kernel are segregated in exclusive, protected, memory space.

Operating SystemCisco has number of different operating systems for number of products/Platforms

like IOS, IOS-XR, NX-OS, CatOS, IOS-XE.Juniper, on the other hand is based on One Operating system concept i.e. JunOS

however Critics says that like Cisco, Juniper also has like JUNOS, JUNOS ES, ScreenOS, JUNOSe, IVE OS, NetScreen-IDP but these OS’s are there because of number of acquisitions which Juniper has made till now.

PricePrice is one factor which every service provider or Enterprise Customer is looking

upon these days and Juniper is offering very attractive price for its Hardware compared to Cisco.

UpgradeCisco IOS-XR OS has concept of SMUs (Software Maintenance Upgrade) and these

are like software patch on existing IOS Version which makes it very easy to upgrade in Live platform without long downtime however Junos lacks this feature.


Additional Information JUNOS Documentation CD-ROM (included with every new router) Website – www.juniper.net/support/techpubs/

http://www.juniper.net/support/techpubs/


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JunOS Overview and Products