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862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 132
Chapter 11
Jovian Planet Systems
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 232
111 A Different Kind of Planet
Our goals for learning
bull Are jovian planets all alike
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
bull What is the weather like on jovian planets
bull Do jovian planets have magnetospheres like
Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 332
Are jovian planets all alike
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 432
Jovian Planet Composition
bull Jupiter and Saturn
ndash Mostly H and He gas
bull Uranus and Neptunendash Mostly hydrogen compounds water (H2O)
methane (CH4) ammonia (NH3)
ndash Some H He and rock
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 532
Density Differences
bull Uranus and Neptune
are denser than Saturn
because they have less
HHe proportionately0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t e r S a
t u r n U r
a n u s N e
p t u n e
D e n s i t y ( g c c )
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 632
Density Differences
0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t
e r
S a t u r
n
U r a n u s
N e p t u
n e
D e n s i t y (
g c c )
bull But that explanation
doesnrsquot work for
Jupiterhellip
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 732
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Adding mass to a jovian planetcompresses the
underlying gaslayers
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 832
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Greater compressionis why Jupiter is notmuch larger thanSaturn even though itis three times moremassive
bull Jovian planets witheven more mass canbe smaller thanJupiter
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 232
111 A Different Kind of Planet
Our goals for learning
bull Are jovian planets all alike
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
bull What is the weather like on jovian planets
bull Do jovian planets have magnetospheres like
Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 332
Are jovian planets all alike
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 432
Jovian Planet Composition
bull Jupiter and Saturn
ndash Mostly H and He gas
bull Uranus and Neptunendash Mostly hydrogen compounds water (H2O)
methane (CH4) ammonia (NH3)
ndash Some H He and rock
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 532
Density Differences
bull Uranus and Neptune
are denser than Saturn
because they have less
HHe proportionately0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t e r S a
t u r n U r
a n u s N e
p t u n e
D e n s i t y ( g c c )
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 632
Density Differences
0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t
e r
S a t u r
n
U r a n u s
N e p t u
n e
D e n s i t y (
g c c )
bull But that explanation
doesnrsquot work for
Jupiterhellip
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 732
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Adding mass to a jovian planetcompresses the
underlying gaslayers
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 832
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Greater compressionis why Jupiter is notmuch larger thanSaturn even though itis three times moremassive
bull Jovian planets witheven more mass canbe smaller thanJupiter
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 332
Are jovian planets all alike
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 432
Jovian Planet Composition
bull Jupiter and Saturn
ndash Mostly H and He gas
bull Uranus and Neptunendash Mostly hydrogen compounds water (H2O)
methane (CH4) ammonia (NH3)
ndash Some H He and rock
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 532
Density Differences
bull Uranus and Neptune
are denser than Saturn
because they have less
HHe proportionately0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t e r S a
t u r n U r
a n u s N e
p t u n e
D e n s i t y ( g c c )
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 632
Density Differences
0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t
e r
S a t u r
n
U r a n u s
N e p t u
n e
D e n s i t y (
g c c )
bull But that explanation
doesnrsquot work for
Jupiterhellip
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 732
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Adding mass to a jovian planetcompresses the
underlying gaslayers
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 832
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Greater compressionis why Jupiter is notmuch larger thanSaturn even though itis three times moremassive
bull Jovian planets witheven more mass canbe smaller thanJupiter
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 432
Jovian Planet Composition
bull Jupiter and Saturn
ndash Mostly H and He gas
bull Uranus and Neptunendash Mostly hydrogen compounds water (H2O)
methane (CH4) ammonia (NH3)
ndash Some H He and rock
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 532
Density Differences
bull Uranus and Neptune
are denser than Saturn
because they have less
HHe proportionately0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t e r S a
t u r n U r
a n u s N e
p t u n e
D e n s i t y ( g c c )
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 632
Density Differences
0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t
e r
S a t u r
n
U r a n u s
N e p t u
n e
D e n s i t y (
g c c )
bull But that explanation
doesnrsquot work for
Jupiterhellip
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 732
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Adding mass to a jovian planetcompresses the
underlying gaslayers
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 832
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Greater compressionis why Jupiter is notmuch larger thanSaturn even though itis three times moremassive
bull Jovian planets witheven more mass canbe smaller thanJupiter
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 532
Density Differences
bull Uranus and Neptune
are denser than Saturn
because they have less
HHe proportionately0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t e r S a
t u r n U r
a n u s N e
p t u n e
D e n s i t y ( g c c )
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 632
Density Differences
0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t
e r
S a t u r
n
U r a n u s
N e p t u
n e
D e n s i t y (
g c c )
bull But that explanation
doesnrsquot work for
Jupiterhellip
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 732
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Adding mass to a jovian planetcompresses the
underlying gaslayers
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 832
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Greater compressionis why Jupiter is notmuch larger thanSaturn even though itis three times moremassive
bull Jovian planets witheven more mass canbe smaller thanJupiter
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 632
Density Differences
0
05
1
15
2
J u p i t
e r
S a t u r
n
U r a n u s
N e p t u
n e
D e n s i t y (
g c c )
bull But that explanation
doesnrsquot work for
Jupiterhellip
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 732
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Adding mass to a jovian planetcompresses the
underlying gaslayers
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 832
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Greater compressionis why Jupiter is notmuch larger thanSaturn even though itis three times moremassive
bull Jovian planets witheven more mass canbe smaller thanJupiter
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 732
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Adding mass to a jovian planetcompresses the
underlying gaslayers
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 832
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Greater compressionis why Jupiter is notmuch larger thanSaturn even though itis three times moremassive
bull Jovian planets witheven more mass canbe smaller thanJupiter
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 832
Sizes of Jovian Planets
bull Greater compressionis why Jupiter is notmuch larger thanSaturn even though itis three times moremassive
bull Jovian planets witheven more mass canbe smaller thanJupiter
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 932
Rotation and Shape
bull Jovian planets arenot quite sphericalbecause of their
rapid rotation
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1032
What are jovian planets like on
the inside
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1132
Interiors of Jovian Planets
bull No solid surface
bull Layers under high pressure and
temperatures
bull Cores (~10 Earth masses) made of hydrogen
compounds metals amp rock
bull The layers are different for the different
planets WHY
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1232
Inside Jupiter
bull High pressures
inside Jupiter cause
phase of hydrogen
to change with depth
bull Hydrogen acts like a
metal at great depths
because its electrons
move freely
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1332
Inside Jupiter
bull Core is thought to
be made of rock
metals and
hydrogencompounds
bull Core is about same
size as Earth but 10
times as massive
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1432
Comparing Jovian Interiors
bull Models suggest cores of jovian planets have similar
compositionbull Lower pressures inside Uranus and Neptune mean no
metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1532
Jupiterrsquos Internal Heat
bull Jupiter radiates
twice as much
energy it receives
from Sun
bull Energy probably
comes from slow
contraction of
interior (releasing
potential energy)
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1632
Internal Heat of Other Planets
bull Saturn also radiates twice as much energy it
receives from Sun
bull Energy probably comes from differentiation
(helium rain)
bull Neptune emits nearly twice as much energy
as it receives but the source of that energyremains mysterious
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1732
What is the weather like on
jovian planets
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1832
Jupiterrsquos Atmosphere
bull Hydrogen
compounds in
Jupiter form clouds
bull Different cloud
layers correspond to
freezing points of
different hydrogen
compoundsH2O
NH4SH
NH3
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 1932
Jovian Planet Atmospheres
bull Other jovian planets
have cloud layers
similar to Jupiterrsquos
bull Different
compounds make
clouds of different
colors
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2032
Jupiterrsquos
colors
bull Ammonium sulfide clouds (NH4SH) reflect redbrown
bull Ammonia the highest coldest layer reflects white
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2132
Saturnrsquos
colors
bull Saturnrsquos layers are similar but deeper in andfarther from the Sun --- more subdued
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2232
Methane on Uranus and Neptune
bull Methane gas of
Neptune and Uranus
absorb red light but
transmit blue light
bull Blue light reflects
off methane clouds
making those planes
look blue
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2332
Jupiterrsquos Bands
White ammoniaclouds form
where air risesCoriolis effect
changes N-S
flow to E-W
winds
Between white
clouds we seedeeper reddish
clouds of
NH4SH
Warmer red bands
are brighter in IR
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2432
Jupiterrsquos
Great
Red
Spot
bull A storm twice as wide as Earth
bull Has existed for at least 3 centuries
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2532
Weather on Jovian Planets
bull All the jovian planets have strong winds andstorms
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2632
Do jovian planets have
magnetospheres like Earthrsquos
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2732
Jupiterrsquos Magnetosphere
bull Jupiterrsquos strong magnetic field gives it an enormousmagnetosphere
bull Gases escaping Io feed the donut-shaped Io torus
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2832
Other Magnetospheres
bull All the jovian
planets have
substantial
magnetospheres butJupiterrsquos is largest
by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 2932
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3032
Thought Question
Jupiter does not have a large metal core like theEarth How can it have a magnetic field
a) The magnetic field is left over from when Jupiteraccreted
b) Its magnetic field comes from the Sun
c) It has metallic hydrogen inside which circulates
and makes a magnetic field
d) Thatrsquos why its magnetic field is weak
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3132
What have we learned
bull Are jovian planets all alikendash Jupiter and Saturn are mostly H and He gas
ndash Uranus and Nepture are mostly H compounds
bull What are jovian planets like on the inside
ndash Layered interiors with very high pressure andcores made of rock metals and hydrogencompounds
ndash Very high pressure in Jupiter and Saturn canproduce metallic hydrogen
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far
862019 Jovian Planet Chap11I
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulljovian-planet-chap11i 3232
What have we learned
bull What is the weather like on jovian planetsndash Multiple cloud layers determine colors of
jovian planets
ndash All have strong storms and winds
bull Do jovian planets have magnetosphereslike Earthrsquos
ndash All have substantial magnetospheres
ndash Jupiterrsquos is largest by far