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Max
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Ran
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–30
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102%
)M
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(72%
)M
edia
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(72
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“All
the
so c
alle
d ‘s
ecre
ts o
f suc
cess
’ will
not
wor
k un
less
you
do!
” -
Aut
hor
Unk
now
n
Wha
t We
Will
Lea
rn T
oday
•W
hat a
re p
lane
t Jup
iter’s
feat
ures
?•
How
did
Jup
iter
form
and
wha
t is
it m
ade
of?
•W
hat i
s th
e w
eath
er o
n Ju
pite
r lik
e?•
How
doe
s Ju
pite
r’s m
agne
tosp
here
com
pare
w
ith E
arth
’s?
•D
oes
Jupi
ter
have
a r
ing?
•H
ow h
ave
we
expl
ored
Jup
iter?
•H
ow is
Jup
iter
uniq
ue in
the
Sol
ar S
yste
m?
Pla
net J
upite
r’s D
etai
lsP
rop
erty
Val
ue
Sem
i-maj
or a
xis
5.2
AU
Siz
e (r
adiu
s)11
.2 R
Ear
th
Mas
s31
8 M
Ear
th
Ave
rage
den
sity
1.33
g/c
c
Com
posi
tion
Mos
tly H
ydro
gen
& H
eliu
m
Ave
rage
clo
ud-t
op te
mpe
ratu
re12
5 K
Moo
ns>
63
Orb
italp
erio
d11
.9 y
ears
Rot
atio
n pe
riod
(sid
erea
l)*9.
8 ho
urs
Axi
s til
t3.
1o
Orb
ital i
nclin
atio
n1.
3o
Orb
ital e
ccen
tric
ity0.
048
Larg
est p
lane
t in
SS
Mos
t kno
wn
moo
ns in
SS
Fas
test
rota
tor
in S
S
* M
easu
red
base
d on
rot
atio
n of
mag
netic
fiel
d lin
es
Mos
t mas
sive
pla
net i
n S
S
The
Jov
ian
Pla
nets
•M
uch
larg
er th
an th
eir
terr
estr
ial c
ount
erpa
rts
•G
aseo
us c
ompo
sitio
n•
Act
ive
wea
ther
•C
olor
ful c
loud
s•
Rin
gs
Fig
11.
1
How
Did
Jup
iter
For
m?
•B
eyon
d th
e fr
ost l
ine
•H
ydro
gen
com
poun
ds c
onde
nse
–H
2O, C
H4,
NH
3
•~
10
Ear
th-m
ass
plan
etar
y co
re fo
rms
•G
ravi
ty a
llow
s it
to c
aptu
re H
2&
He
atm
osph
ere
•G
row
s in
to a
gas
gia
nt–
Now
99%
H2
& H
e–
Tra
ces
of H
2O, C
H4,
NH
3, P
H3,
S c
ompo
unds
Det
erm
inin
g Ju
pite
r’s S
ize
& S
cale
•C
oper
nicu
s de
term
ined
rel
ativ
e di
stan
ces
in S
S•
Nee
ded
to c
alib
rate
the
scal
e•
Ven
us tr
ansi
t use
d in
176
0s to
m
easu
re 1
AU
•A
ngul
ar s
ize
+ d
ista
nce
give
s us
lin
ear
size
•P
and
a o
f Jov
ian
moo
ns g
ives
us
mas
sα
d
D
α.d
D=
Jupi
ter’s
Rel
ativ
ely
Hig
h D
ensi
ty•
Jupi
ter
is o
ver
3 tim
es a
s m
assi
ve a
s S
atur
n–
But
onl
y sl
ight
ly la
rger
•In
fact
, Jup
iter
is a
s la
rge
as th
e sm
alle
st
star
s•
If Ju
pite
r w
ere
13 ti
mes
mor
e m
assi
ve, i
t w
ould
be
a B
row
n D
war
f (D
eute
rium
fu
sion
in th
e co
re)
•If
it w
ere
80 ti
mes
mor
e m
assi
ve, i
t wou
ld
be a
sta
r (H
ydro
gen
fusi
on in
the
core
)
Fig
11.
2
Sun
, M, L
, T d
war
fs, J
upite
r
Insi
de J
upite
r•
Clo
ud to
ps a
re a
t 125
K•
Tem
pera
ture
and
pre
ssur
e in
crea
se
as y
ou g
o do
wn
–A
t abo
ut 1
4,00
0 km
dow
n (2
0%)
•P
ress
ure
~ 2
mill
ion
bars
•T
empe
ratu
re ~
5,0
00 K
(lik
e S
un’s
sur
face
)
•P
rimar
ily k
now
n by
fitt
ing
inte
rior
mod
els
to o
bser
ved
feat
ures
–Li
ke w
e di
scus
sed
for
the
Sun
•P
robe
dro
pped
from
Gal
ileo
was
de
stro
yed
afte
r de
scen
ding
200
km
•W
hy is
Hyd
roge
n liq
uid
desp
ite s
uch
high
tem
pera
ture
s?•
Wha
t is
the
min
imum
cor
e te
mpe
ratu
re
to fu
se H
ydro
gen?
Fig
11.
4
•T
empe
ratu
re a
nd p
ress
ure
rang
es
allo
w fo
r ve
ry in
tere
stin
g en
viro
nmen
ts–
Am
mon
ia, h
ydro
sulfi
de,
wat
er c
loud
s
–“S
now
falls
” do
occ
ur in
laye
rs!
–C
olor
ful l
ayer
s: Z
ones
, Bel
ts
•In
tern
al h
eat s
ourc
e–
Tra
pped
hea
t fro
m a
ccre
tion
–R
adio
activ
ity
–O
ngoi
ng c
ontr
actio
n
–Li
ght o
utpu
t = 2
x S
unlig
ht r
ecei
ved
•V
ery
activ
e w
inds
, wea
ther
–S
tron
g C
orio
lisef
fect
•La
rge
size
, fas
t rot
atio
n
–G
reat
Red
Spo
t•
> 2
x E
arth
siz
e, la
sts
100s
of y
ears
!
The
Wea
ther
on
Jupi
ter
Fig
11.
6
Fig
11.
9
Bel
ts
Zon
es
Vis
ible
In
frar
ed
Fig
11.
10
Jupi
ter’s
Str
ong
Mag
neto
sphe
re
•Ju
pite
r’s s
tron
g m
agne
tic fi
eld
resu
lts fr
om–
Con
duct
ing
inte
rior
(met
allic
Hyd
roge
n)
–In
tern
al h
eat (
Con
vect
ion)
–F
ast r
otat
ion
•T
orus
of c
harg
ed p
artic
les
–C
harg
ed p
artic
les
from
the
Sun
& Io
’s v
olca
noes
•Jo
vian
aur
orae
obs
erve
d by
HS
T
Fig
11.
12
Jupi
ter’s
Wim
py R
ing
•D
isco
vere
d by
Voy
ager
afte
r pa
ssin
g Ju
pite
r an
d se
eing
its
nigh
t sid
e–
We
neve
r se
e ph
ases
of J
upite
r or
see
its
nigh
t sid
e fr
om th
e E
arth
. W
hy?
Fig
11.
34: V
oyag
er 1
dis
cove
ry im
age
Voy
ager
2 d
etai
led
imag
e
Exp
lorin
g Ju
pite
r
•P
ione
er 1
0 &
11
–F
lew
by
Jupi
ter
& S
atur
n in
197
0s
•V
oyag
er 1
, lau
nche
d 19
77–
Fle
w b
y Ju
pite
r &
Sat
urn
–F
arth
est h
uman
-mad
e ob
ject
–S
peed
ing
away
at 3
8000
mph
! W
hat f
uel d
oes
it us
e?
•V
oyag
er 2
, lau
nche
d 19
77–
Fle
w b
y al
l fou
r Jo
vian
pla
nets
•G
alile
o–
Orb
ited
Jupi
ter
1995
–20
03
–D
ropp
ed p
robe
s in
to J
upite
r
–S
ent c
rash
ing
into
Jup
iter
at e
nd o
f a p
rodu
ctiv
e lif
e•
To
prev
ent
cont
amin
atio
n of
pos
sibl
e lif
e at
Eur
opa
Uni
que
Fea
ture
s of
Jup
iter
•La
rges
t & m
ost m
assi
ve p
lane
t in
SS
•La
rges
t mag
neto
sphe
re–
Ext
ends
bey
ond
Sat
urn’
s or
bit
•W
impi
est r
ing
syst
em•
Has
the
mos
t kno
wn
moo
ns–
Has
its
own
“sol
ar s
yste
m”!
•F
aste
st r
otat
or in
the
SS
•M
ost e
xtre
me
tem
pera
ture
ran
ge in
atm
osph
ere
amon
g pl
anet
s•
Big
gest
, lon
gest
kno
wn
stor
m (
Big
Red
Spo
t)•
Onl
y pl
anet
to h
ave
been
obs
erve
d be
ing
impa
cted
by
a c
omet
(S
hoem
aker
-Lev
y 9,
Jul
y 19
94)
HS
T im
age
of S
L9 im
pact
on
Jupi
ter