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JOINT TASK FORCE TRAINING. Course of Action Comparison. Purpose. Define course of action comparison and its role in the crisis action planning process Discuss the associated task steps Provide lessons learned from previous exercises and operations. References. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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JOINT TASK FORCE TRAINING
JOINT TASK FORCE TRAINING
Course of Action Comparison
Course of Action Comparison
PurposePurpose
Define course of action comparison and its role in the crisis action planning process
Discuss the associated task steps Provide lessons learned from previous
exercises and operations
ReferencesReferences
CJCSM 3500.05, JTF Headquarters Master Training Guide, 15 Apr 97
Joint Pub 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 1 Feb 95
JP 5-00.2, Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures, 13 Jan 99
Crisis Action Planning Process
Crisis Action Planning Process
CRISIS
ISituation
Development
IICrisis
Assessment
IVCourse of
ActionSelection
VExecutionPlanning
VIExecution
AND/ORI
Mission Analysis/Restated Mission
IICourse of Action
Development IIIAnalysis of Opposing
Courses of Action IVComparison of OwnCourses of Action
VCommander’s
Decision
IIICourse of
ActionDevelopment
Commander’s Estimate Process
OPORD
Deployment Data Base
PlanningOrder
AlertOrder
WarningOrder
ExecuteOrder
Why Compare COAs?Why Compare COAs?
To seek the COA that:
Gives our commander the maximum flexibility
Limits the enemy commander’s freedom of action
Determine which COA has the highest probability of success within the constraints of operational factors
An Objective Process – Facilitated discussion led by the chief of plans
(J3/J5)– Participants include each of the key staff principles
Four Step Process– Select governing factors, construct comparison
method, compare and record, make recommendation
COA ComparisonCOA Comparison
Determine the Governing Factors
Construct the Comparison Method
Do the Comparisonand Record Data
Recommend a COAto the Commander
Task StepsTask Steps
Governing FactorsGoverning Factors
Those dominant factors that appear
during analysis and wargaming that clearly
favor the friendly or enemy forces
JP 3-0, Pg. B-3
Determine Governing Factors (Comparison Criteria)
Determine Governing Factors (Comparison Criteria)
Commander’s intent/guidance Fixed values for joint ops such as:
– Principles of war & MOOTW– Fundamentals of joint warfare– Elements of operational art
Critical factors identified during the analysis such as logistics support, political constraints, etc.– Often in the form of advantages and disadvantages
Determine Governing FactorsDetermine Governing Factors
COA Comparison Prerequisites Eliminate redundant governing factors before
you start comparing Determine weighting of the governing factors
before you begin comparison Identify all governing factors and define them
before you start
Determine the Governing Factors
Construct the Comparison Method
Do the Comparisonand Record Data
Recommend a COAto the Commander
Task StepsTask Steps
Construct the Comparison Method
Construct the Comparison Method
Descriptive Comparison
Positive - Neutral - Negative Comparison
Simple/Weighted Matrix Comparison
Summarize key pointsAssist commander in making decisions
Descriptive ComparisonDescriptive Comparison
COA ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
COA 1
COA 2
COA 3
Narrative or Bulletized
Advantages
Narrative or Bulletized
Disadvantages
“
“
“
“
Positive - Neutral - Negative Comparison
Positive - Neutral - Negative Comparison
COA # 1 COA # 2 COA # 3
Foot PrintSimplicityC2RestraintPerseveranceSecurityCombat Service Support
Governing FactorsCriteria
Totals
Risk
Remarks
0--
00
0
++
0
-0
-
-
+
0
+
0
-1
0
-
0
+
+
0
0
+
2
Simple Matrix ComparisonSimple Matrix Comparison
COA # 1 COA # 2 COA # 3
Foot PrintSimplicityC2RestraintPerseveranceSecurityCombat Service Support
Governing FactorsCriteria
Totals
Risk
Remarks
211
22
2
33
16
11
1
2
3
2
3
2
15
3
1
2
3
3
1
1
3
17
Matrix Comparison With Weighted Governing Factors
Matrix Comparison With Weighted Governing Factors
COA # 1 COA # 2 COA # 3
Foot PrintSimplicityC2RestraintPerseveranceSecurityCombat Service Supt
WT.Governing
Factors
Totals
Risk
Remarks
3
2 211
22
2
3
6
11
41
3 33
16 21
2
32
11 1
1
21
11
33
2
2
3 3
63
2 3
2
3
2 2
9 1 3
1 1
15 24
3 3
17 20
2
Matrix ROEMatrix ROE
The matrix is merely a tool– Organize thoughts– Synchronize execution
The process is more important than the product
The matrix is not a substitute for honest analysis and hard work
Determine the Governing Factors
Construct the Comparison Method
Do the Comparisonand Record Data
Recommend a COAto the Commander
Task StepsTask Steps
COA Comparison COA Comparison
INPUTINPUT Wargamed COAs Agreed upon governing factors & comparison method
OUTPUTOUTPUT Information for paragraphs 4 and 5 of Commander’s
Estimate– Comparison of friendly COAs– Recommended COA
Determine the Governing Factors
Construct the Comparison Method
Do the Comparisonand Record Data
Recommend a COAto the Commander
Task StepsTask Steps
Recommend a COARecommend a COA J5/J3 reviews and records individual staff
recommendations Staff determines which COA to recommend
– CJTF guidance on criteria weighting reviewed and incorporated
In the event of indecision– Staff determines if COA modification would permit
decision– J5/J3 consults CoS for guidance or resolution
Lessons Learned or...“Ways to Cook the Books”
Lessons Learned or...“Ways to Cook the Books”
Define the governing factors after you start comparing, bending definitions to support the intended COA
Add governing factors as you compare to ensure the intended COA wins
Have redundant governing factors that measure the same thing and support the intended COA
At the end, identify a governing factor that supports the throw-away COA so it does not look one-sided
Compare first and then weight the governing factor that supports the intended COA by as much as you need to win in a close one
COA Comparison SummaryCOA Comparison Summary
Facilitates the commander’s decision process Harnesses the collective wisdom of the most
experienced warfighters on the staff Evaluates the key governing factors
If the senior planner knows which COA will be chosen, before you begin comparing, you have not done your job in presenting options
to the commander
QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
Determine the Governing Factors
Construct the Comparison Method
Do the Comparisonand Record Data
Recommend a COAto the Commander