JLPT N4 文法と文型例文

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Grammar and Model Sentences

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Copyright 2014 Horizon Web Services LLC (d.b.a. Nihongo-Pro) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, except for one printed copy for the purchaser’s personal use, without written permission from Nihongo-Pro (support@nihongo-pro.com). The characters and events portrayed in this book are fictitious. Any similarity to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental and not intended by the author. Rev N4-1402-01 February 2014

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JLPT N4 文法と文型例文 Grammar and Model Sentences – Nihongo-Pro.com i

Welcome to Nihongo-Pro This textbook lists the 130 grammar patterns covered in Nihongo-Pro’s online JLPT

N4 Preparation class. These grammar patterns are used in everyday Japanese, so a firm understanding of their use is essential not only for success on the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT), but also success in communicating in Japanese.

Japanese grammar presents challenges for any student of the language. The meaning of a grammar form may not have an exact match in one’s own language, so it can take extra work to learn and understand the exact meaning and the situations in which the grammar form can be used.

However, for most students, the hardest part about Japanese grammar isn’t in learning the meaning of the grammar pattern itself—it’s in remembering the connective tissue, i.e., how the grammar pattern connects with the rest of the sentence: Can I use a noun here? Do I need to put a の afterward? If I use a な-adjective here, what comes after it?

Practicing the correct use of the grammar pattern, including all the various connectives, is a focus of Nihongo-Pro’s JLPT N4 Preparation class. We encourage you to takes notes in this book (print a copy if needed) during your lessons and whenever you study Japanese grammar.

This book was made possible by the combined efforts of many individuals. All of the examples in this book were prepared by Nihongo-Pro teachers, who worked untold hours to produce the JLPT N4 curriculum and to write, check, and recheck the hundreds of model sentences. I wish to thank Nami Hayashi, Yukiko Ishikawa, Fusayo Nagatomi, and Hiroko Yamafuji, who wrote dozens of the model sentences. Yutaka Aso and Yasuyo Sei wrote dozens more, reviewed the JLPT N4 curriculum in its entirety, and added furigana to the model sentences.

Finally, I wish to thank Michiko Lilly, who tirelessly dedicated her time throughout the process, from producing all of our JLPT curricula and writing hundreds of model sentences to orchestrating the efforts of the other contributors. I am deeply indebted to Michiko for her hard work.

I gratefully acknowledge the diligent support of all of these individuals in producing this book and in making Nihongo-Pro’s JLPT classes a reality. I hope you benefit from this book and our JLPT classes as much as we enjoy bringing them to you.

Steve Cooper

February 2014

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JLPT N4 文法と文型例文 Grammar and Model Sentences – Nihongo-Pro.com 1

間あいだ

文型ぶ ん け い

Pattern 1

英訳えいやく

Meaning throughout (the time ...)

接続せつぞく

Connectives 普通形（ナ A な・N の）＋間

例文れいぶん

Model Sentences

1 わたしは夏なつ

休みの間、日本語を 勉強べんきょう

していました。 I studied Japanese throughout summer vacation.

2 わたしは冬ふゆ

の間ずっと、あたたかい沖縄おきなわ

にいました。 I was in warm Okinawa all throughout winter.

3 料理りょうり

している間、いつもラジオを聞いています。 I always listen to the radio while cooking.

4 庭にわ

の花はな

がきれいな間は、虫むし

もたくさん飛と

んできます。 Lots of insects come flying in when the flowers in this garden are blooming.

5 母が仕事しごと

で 忙いそが

しい間、父が料理りょうり

を作つく

っていました。 My father did the cooking while my mother was busy at work.

ノート Notes

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JLPT N4 文法と文型例文 Grammar and Model Sentences – Nihongo-Pro.com 132

Index (Pattern Number Order) 間 ............................................................... 1 間に ............................................................ 2 ところだ ....................................................... 3 たばかりだ .................................................. 4 たら＜その後で＞ ........................................ 5 てから＜起点＞ ........................................... 6 たり～たりする＜反復＞ ............................... 7 て＜緩い連結＞ .......................................... 8 は～より ...................................................... 9 より～の方 ................................................ 10 ほど～ない ................................................ 11 と～とどちら............................................... 12 がいちばん ................................................ 13 すぎる ....................................................... 14 し .............................................................. 15 ので .......................................................... 16 ため（に）＜原因＞ ..................................... 17 て＜理由・原因＞ ...................................... 18 なくて＜理由＞ .......................................... 19 ことがある ................................................. 20 たり～たりする＜不定＞ ............................. 21 てくる・ていく＜変化＞ ................................ 22 ようになる・なくなる .................................... 23 にする ....................................................... 24 ことにする ................................................. 25 ことになる＜決定＞ ................................... 26 ことができる .............................................. 27 られる＜可能＞ ......................................... 28 にくい ........................................................ 29 やすい ...................................................... 30 ため（に）＜目的＞ ..................................... 31 のに＜用途＞ ........................................... 32 たことがある＜過去の特別なこと＞ ............ 33 たことがある＜経験＞ ................................ 34 けれど（も）＜逆接＞ .................................. 35 のに＜逆接 不満・予想外＞ ...................... 36 ば・なら（ば）＜条件＞ ................................ 37

たら＜条件＞ ............................................ 38 と＜条件＞ ................................................ 39 と～た・たら～た＜発見＞ .......................... 40 なら ........................................................... 41 ても ........................................................... 42 始める ....................................................... 43 出す .......................................................... 44 続ける ....................................................... 45 終わる ....................................................... 46 ておく ........................................................ 47 ないでおく .................................................. 48 てしまう＜完了＞ ....................................... 49 てみる ....................................................... 50 そうだ＜直前＞ .......................................... 51 そうだ＜予想・判断＞ ................................. 52 そうだ＜様子＞ .......................................... 53 がする ....................................................... 54 てある ....................................................... 55 ている＜初めからの外見、状態＞ ............... 56 ている＜変化の結果の残存＞ .................... 57 は～が～ ................................................... 58 をしている ................................................. 59 ようだ・みたいだ＜比況＞ ........................... 60 らしい＜典型＞ .......................................... 61 がる .......................................................... 62 たらいい＜希望＞ ...................................... 63 といい＜希望＞ ......................................... 64 ばいい・ならいい＜希望＞ .......................... 65 よう＜意志＞ ............................................. 66 ようと思う .................................................. 67 つもりだ＜意志＞ ...................................... 68 ようとする .................................................. 69 ようにする ................................................. 70 た方がいい ................................................ 71 たらどうですか ........................................... 72 たらいい＜勧め＞ ...................................... 73 ばいい＜勧め＞ ........................................ 74

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JLPT N4 文法と文型例文 Grammar and Model Sentences – Nihongo-Pro.com 134

Index (五十音ご じ ゅ う お ん

順じゅん

Japanese Order) あいだ ........................................................ 1 あいだに .................................................... 2 お～ ....................................................... 120 お～ください ............................................. 79 お～する ................................................ 121 お～になる ............................................. 122 おわる ...................................................... 46 がいちばん ............................................... 13 がする ...................................................... 54 かもしれない ............................................ 95 がる ......................................................... 62 けれど（も） ＜逆接＞ ................................. 35 ご～ ....................................................... 120 ことがある ................................................ 20 ことができる ............................................. 27 ことにする ................................................ 25 ことになる ＜決定＞ .................................. 26 させてください ........................................... 80 させられる .............................................. 118 させる ＜許可・恩恵の使役＞ ................... 115 させる ＜強制の使役＞............................ 116 させる ＜誘発の使役＞............................ 117 し ............................................................. 15 しろ ＜命令＞ ............................................ 81 すぎる ...................................................... 14 ずに ....................................................... 125 そうだ ＜直前＞ ........................................ 51 そうだ ＜予想・判断＞ ................................ 52 そうだ ＜様子＞ ........................................ 53 そうだ ＜伝聞＞ ...................................... 100 たことがある ＜過去の特別なこと＞ ........... 33 たことがある ＜経験＞ ............................... 34 だす ......................................................... 44 たばかりだ ................................................. 4 たほうがいい ............................................ 71 ため（に） ＜原因＞ .................................... 17

ため（に） ＜目的＞ .................................... 31 ため（に） ＜恩恵＞ .................................. 123 たら ＜その後で＞ ....................................... 5 たら ＜条件＞............................................ 38 たらいい ＜希望＞ ..................................... 63 たらいい ＜勧め＞ ..................................... 73 たらいいですか ......................................... 76 たら～た ＜発見＞ ..................................... 40 たらどうですか .......................................... 72 たり～たりする ＜反復＞ .............................. 7 たり～たりする ＜不定＞ ............................ 21 だろう ＜推量＞ ......................................... 93 だろう ＜推量＞ ......................................... 93 だろうとおもう ............................................ 94 つづける ................................................... 45 つもりだ ＜意志＞...................................... 68 て ＜緩い連結＞ .......................................... 8 て ＜理由・原因＞ ...................................... 18 て ＜方法・状態＞ .................................... 126 てあげる ................................................. 108 てある ...................................................... 55 ていく ＜変化＞ ......................................... 22 ていない ................................................. 128 ている ＜初めからの外見、状態＞ .............. 56 ている ＜変化の結果の残存＞ ................... 57 ておく ....................................................... 47 てから ＜起点＞ .......................................... 6 てくる ＜変化＞ ......................................... 22 てくれる .................................................. 109 てしまう ＜完了＞ ...................................... 49 てしまう ＜残念＞ .................................... 130 てはいけない ............................................ 84 てみる ...................................................... 50 ても .......................................................... 42 てもいい ＜許可＞ ..................................... 85 てもいい ＜譲歩＞ ..................................... 86

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