J IGSAW POWERPOINT2 N D PERIOD

Islamic Empires

The Spread of Islam

Caliph- A successor to the messenger of God.Arabs spread Islam through preaching, conquest, and

trade.Umayyad expanded their empire and made their

capitol Damascus.100 hundred years after Muhammad’s death, The

Islamic state became a great empire.They were successful because they were fighting to

spread religion and let conquered people practice their own religion.

Many conquered people became Muslims.Sufis- spent their time praying and teaching Islam,

Arab merchants helped spread Islam as well.

Struggles within Islam

While Muslims split into two groups, The Arab Empire reached new heights.

The Muslims split into two groups, the Shiites and the Sunnis.

The Umayyads lost power in A.D. 750, allowing the Abbasids to form.

The Abbasids hired the Seljuk Turks as soldiers. They soon saw how weak the Abbasids were and took power themselves.

The Seljuk Turks

The Seljuk ruler named himself Sultan it means “holder of power.”

The Seljuk Turks were nomads and great warriors.

The Seljuk’s were satisfied to rule only the government and army and they let the Abbasid caliph remain as the religious leader.

Time brought many changes to Abbasid rule .The Seljuk’s ruled, but it was still the Abbasid

dynasty.

Later Muslim Empires

The Ottoman empire was the largest Muslim empire

In 1453 they seized Constantinople, the Byzantine capital

They changed the cities name to IstanbulAlso conquering Syria, Palestine, Egypt,

Mesopotamia, parts of Arabia and North AfricaSuleiman 1 ruled in 1500’sHe built schools, Mosques; he was a brilliant

general

How were Non-Muslims treated?

The government made different laws for non-Muslims

They had to pay a special tax, and in return, they were free to practice their religion

Christian families in Eastern Europe had to send their sons to Istanbul there the boys became Muslims and trained as soldiers for the sultan

Who were the Moguls?

Created another Muslim empire in IndiaUsed guns, cannons, elephants, and horsesTheir greatest leader was AkbarMerchants brought paper, gunpowder, and

fine porcelain from china to India