Jib Crane Design and Parameters

7/22/2019 Jib Crane Design and Parameters

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INFORMATION PAPERInternational Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009

145

Standardization of Jib Crane Design by F.E.M.

Rules And Parametric ModelingSandip D. Shinde1

1

PG Student Department of Production Engineering,S.G.G.S.I.E.&T. Nanded- 431 606, Maharashtra, India.Email: [email protected]

Abstract Standardization of jib crane design proceduresenables designers to develop their own jib crane automation

modules for entire jib crane design applications. Since main

effort and time for implementation of the jib crane design

procedures are generally spent for interpretation and

explanation of the available jib crane design standards, a

computer-automated access by using parametric modeling

to the available standards may improve speed, reliability

and quality of the design procedures. Starting from the fact

that components of jib cranes are generally composed ofsimilar mechanical and electrical sub-components

independent of the crane type, a general component tree of

jib cranes is developed for automation purpose. Design

Modules of cranes are defined from the developed

component tree of the cranes based on the available design

procedures. Independent Design Procedures are defined as

atomic design modules of the jib crane design procedures by

considering computational approaches and rules in the "F.

E. M. Rules" for each jib crane component. The "F. E. M.

rules" is selected for this purpose because of its widespread

use and established popularity among the jib crane

manufacturers. Access to the "F. E. M. Rules" from any

design procedure is fully automated by using a systematic

approach of parametric modeling. The parametric model

can be used for various jib crane design cases as well as

further for optimization. Ref. [6]

Index TermsF.E.M. Rules, Jib Crane Design, ComputerAutomated Design, Parametric Modeling.

I. INTRODUCTION

Jib Cranes are industrial machines that are mainly usedfor materials movements in construction sites, productionhalls, assembly lines, storage areas, power stations andsimilar places. Their design features vary widely

according to their major operational specifications such

as: type of motion of the crane structure, weight and typeof the load, location of the crane, geometric features,operating regimes and environmental conditions.However, an appraisal of the available literature revealsthat procedural design of jib cranes are highly saturated

and standardized in various industrial companies andorganizations independent of the jib crane type.

Consideration of the available technology that is mainlybased on the accumulated previous experience isimportant for better performance, higher safety and morereliable designs. It is well known that generic features ofjib crane components are similar for various differenttypes of cranes. Since the jib crane design procedures are

highly standardized with these components, main effortand time spent in jib crane design projects are mostly forinterpretation and implementation of the available design

standards. Many national and/or international standardsand rules offer design methods and empirical approachesand formulae that are based on previous designexperiences and widely accepted design procedures. It is

believed that computer automated access to thesestandards with pre-loaded interpretation; parametricmodeling and guidance rules increase speed andreliability of the design procedures and increase

efficiency of the jib crane designers. Ref. [1]

II. CAD/CAM/CAEINJIBCRANEDESIGN

CAD/CAM/CAE is used mainly for two purposes ina jib crane design process. The first is proceduralprogramming that enables designers to make lengthy andtedious calculations in a short time. This also includes use

of CAD techniques and reduces the design timesignificantly. Another approach is the use of CAE forexpert system applications. CAE are used mainly inselection and decision making stages of the designprocess. It is believed that Design Automation by usingCAE may result in significant improvements on

designers productivity. Greater consistency of design,ability to explore more alternatives and integration of thedesign/analysis/documentation processes are mostsignificant advantages of the design automation by usingparametric modeling. There are many design automationsoftware packages and many more expert systems

developed for industrial applications on various fields. Ifwe use Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL) inthis field then it is really helpful for Design Automationand is aimed to obtain least cranage cost by calculatingthe combined use of different types of jib cranes Ref.[4].

The ANSYS Workbench platform is an environmentthat offers an efficient and intuitive user interface,

reliable and tight CAD integration, automatic meshing,and access to model parameters. Basing current andfuture development on this architecture, ANSYS are ableto provide a single, integrated simulation environment for

its entire product range including structural,electromagnetic and CFD disciplines. Furthermore,

through its multi-physics capabilities, coupled problems,such as fluid-structural interaction, can also beundertaken within this framework, using common meshand geometry manipulation tools.

A key component of Workbench is that it has beenspecifically developed to enable parameterization of the

entire simulation model, including geometric, materialand boundary condition variables. As ANSYS supportsnative, bi-directional, integration with the most popular

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CAD systems, the designer can make direct reference to

parameters defined when initially creating the solidmodel. Consequently, a simulation-driven productdevelopment strategy can be adopted by the user, whereCAD modifications are automatically directed from theresults of the simulation. Ref. [7]

III. STRUCTUREOFTHE"F.E.M.RULES""FEM Rules" is mainly a collection of rules (not

procedures) to guide the jib crane designers. Manyrequirements are implied within the "FEM Rules", but

explicit and detailed statements towards establisheddesign calculations are not available. This is very

convenient for jib crane designers of different companiesand institutions, since each company has its own know-how and experience to be implemented in their own jibcrane design technology. Overwhelming features of the

"FEM Rules" are stated below: Ref. [6] Extensive classification of jib cranes and crane

components for the purpose of design,

Classification and identification of jib crane Loadsfor safe and reliable crane design,

Strength and stability requirements to be satisfiedfor various load (including test loads) conditions,

Informative for non-critical jib crane components.A schematic representation of structure of the "FEM

Rules" is given in Figure 1. The figure summarizes theoutline of the text of the FEM Rules from a topical view.The "FEM Rules" starts with a classification of jib cranesand their mechanisms/components and continues with thediscussion of loads and their identification and related

stress/deflection analysis. It also includes criteria todecide on the external loads, to select crane componentsand to test the manufactured cranes. Ref. [3]

Figure 1. Structure of the "F. E. M. Rules"

IV. COMPUTERAUTOMATEDACCESSTOTHE"F.E.M.RULES"

The first phase of this study is to computerize access tothe "FEM Rules" through a jib crane design code. This is

achieved by automated access to the elements of the"FEM Rules" in a Design Modeler environment [6]. Thissoftware packages are developed and integrated such that

related recommendations, computational procedures anddata are transferred mutually during the runtime.Following benefits are expected from the development of

a computer-automated procedure for jib crane design:

Development of an established design procedure, Elimination of any misinterpretation of the Standards

for jib crane design during limited design period, Elimination of absolute dependence on human

experts, hence inexperienced designers may beemployed in a design project,

Accumulation of previous experience in a systematicmanner that will lead to an intelligent design

database. Ref. [5]The program structures for jib crane design automation

are developed, analyzed and tested in detail during this

study. These are explained in the following sections.

A. Modeling and Geometry Editing Tailored For

Simulation

Creating design models is a core part of product

development and the first step in the simulation process.These models can be of a geometry form representing the

actual design detail, or they can be an approximation ofthe design using simplified components like beams andplates. Simulation often demands unique modeling

capabilities that typical CAD operations do not require.Therefore, these capabilities are either lacking in CADsystems or implemented in a fashion that is not optimum

for performing simulation-related functions. DesignModeler is a Workbench application from ANSYS thatprovides modeling functions unique for simulation thatincludes detailed geometry creation, CAD geometry

modification and concept model creation tools. Ref. [7]

B. Detail Geometry Creation

Design-Modeler offers geometry creation features likeextrude, revolve, sweep, and chamfer functions andothers to create fully parametric models. The models can

be used with any core ANSYS simulation product or withadd-on tools like ANSYS Design-Xplorer to perform

design optimization. Ref. [7]

C. Concept Model Creation

Concept models are used in a product developmentprocess prior to creating any detailed CAD geometry.Design approximations-along with simulation results-are

extremely useful in making fast product decisions early inthe design cycle when product costs can be impacted

significantly. Design-Modeler has tools for creating thesemodels quickly and then, with ANSYS simulation tools,easily predicting how the proposed design will perform.

Ref. [7]

4. Informative For Non-Critical Jib Crane

Components.

3. Strength & Stability

Requirements

1. Classification of Jib Crane

2. Classification of Jib CraneLoad for Safe & Reliable

Design



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D. CAD Geometry Modification

CAD models usually are intended to accuratelyrepresent the exact intent of the final design and often

lack additional features required for simulation. Design-Modeler provides these unique simulation features likesplitting surfaces for applying loads, defining welds orcreating regions around models that represent air is

shown in Figure 2.

A. Patch Surfaces Created On Larger Areas For ApplyingBoundary Conditions

B. Geometry Representing The Air Around An ElectricMotor Armature Is Created For A Later Field Analysis.

Figure 2. Cad Geometry Modification

CAD models also may contain much more detail that the

simulation process requires or the detail may not be in the rightform. Design-Modeler enables tasks like CAD feature deletion;surface extraction from a solid body, suppressing parts and

merging parts into one body is shown in Figure 3. Ref. [7]

Figure 3. Solid Geometry of an Assembly & Surface Geometry

Extracted In DesignModeler for Same Assembly

V. AUTOMATIONOFTHEJIBCRANEDESIGNPROCEDUREBYPARAMETRICMODELINGUSING

ANSYSWORKBENCH

Processes and methods used in jib crane design are

subjected to significant changes after the recentdevelopments in mechanical engineering and computertechnology. However it is clear that the jib crane

mechanisms (Hoisting, Locomotion and others) arecomposed of similar mechanical and electricalcomponents, which are independent of the jib crane type

when crane design procedures in practice and jib craneMechanisms are examined closely. Starting from thisfact, an overall component tree of jib cranes is developedto illustrate the use of similar mechanical and electricalcomponents in jib crane mechanisms of different types.Although the mechanical and electrical components of

different mechanisms are varying in type, size, andmechanical and electrical properties, all of thesecomponents are designed by using similar computationalprocedures and rules. All subsystems of a jib crane (as an

engineering system) are assemblies of these components;hence design procedures of jib crane mechanisms showclose similarities. These mechanical and electrical

components, which have well identified designprocedures, are called "Design Modules" of jib cranes.

Main design modules of jib cranes are determinedfrom the available design procedures and component treeof jib cranes. Design modules are so identified that an"Independent Design Procedure" is defined clearly for

each of the design modules. Collection of the developed"Independent Design Procedures" (IDP) covers any jibcrane design procedure completely, for both designcalculation and/or selection of the design modules. Thisfeature enables designers to use their own preferredparametric modeling values in their design. Ref. [2]

Ansys Workbench simulation strategy for

Parametric-Driven Design is

A. Parametric Architecture Within ANSYS Workbench

Associativity with CAD systems means that designchanges can be made to the CAD model without havingto reapply loads and/or supports. As normal CAD modelsmay be defined with multiple parameters, the engineer

can filter through those parameters which he/she isallowed to modify while suppressing others from anyoptimization work. All other parameters that may affectthe performance of the design, including materialproperties and loading conditions, can also be defined inthe same way (Figure 4). In many cases, this data can alsobe transferred from the CAD system. Consequently, a

master simulation model can be set up once from whichall design changes can be investigated quickly andefficiently. Ref. [7]

In practice, engineers do not always have access toperfect CAD models for parametric-driven simulation.Consequently, capabilities have been included to enable

CAD geometry to be tuned for the purpose of analysiswithout breaking the bi-directional integration. In othercases, CAD geometry has not been created with



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parameterisation in mind, or only legacy faceted data is

available. Again, ANSYS have developed tools to Re-Parameterize models and enable design modificationswithin an optimization framework.

Figure 4. Parametric Definition of Material Data

B. How We Can Deal With Non-Parametric CAD

Simulation often demands modeling operations, suchas mid-surfacing and de-featuring, beyond the intrinsic

CAD design. Such capabilities are either lacking in CADsystems or Workbench application that prepares CADdesigns for the purpose of high quality FEA or CFD

without breaking the parametric link. Furthermore, newparametric features can be implemented in a fashion that

is not optimum for performing simulation relatedfunctions. Furthermore, the user may wish to maintain a

divide between CAD models for the purpose of detailingand manufacturing, with geometry required forsimulation. Design-Modeler is an added to a static CAD

model. Figure 5 shows how parametrically defined anglecan be created / modified within an existing design.

Figure 5. Example of How Parametrically Defined Angle Can be Modified In Cad Model



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C. How We Can Deal With Non-Parametric Legacy

Mesh

In some cases, the CAD designer may want tooptimize their design but have not yet created a

parametric 3D geometry. By working with faceted data

rather than a solid model, mesh morphing technologyallows parameterization of models created from CADdata, nonparametric geometry data such as IGES orSTEP, or mesh files such as NASTRAN, ABAQUS or

ANSYS data files (Figure 6). Ref. [7]

Figure 6. Recreating Geometry & Parameterising a Legacy Mesh

VI. CONCLUSION

Jib Cranes vary widely in configuration, capacity,mode of operation, intensity of use, working environmentand cost. The variety of forms, operating conditions,

environmental factors make the design of jib craneschallenging. Usually a new design need arises whenexisting cranes do not meet the requirements for a newapplication. However, in most of the cases the requiredknowledge on configuration and structure of a jib cranecan be obtained from previously accumulated technicalinformation. The technical information is generallystandardized. Besides that, the available jib cranecomponents are also well standardized all over the worldand suitable for computer automated design procedures.Since jib Crane design procedures are highly

standardized, main effort and time spent in jib cranedesign procedures are for the interpretation and use of the

parametric modeling. As a result of these facts, acomputer-automated access to the available standards isrequired for the completeness and efficiency of anydesign automation for jib crane design. Ref. [6]

In general, some of the main benefits of the automateddesign include the following: Greater consistency of design; this makes

manufacturing and field service easier. Ability to explore more alternatives; because design

can be created in a shorter time, it allows designersto study more alternatives.

Retention of design expertise; Movements ofengineering personnel can cause difficulties forengineering organizations. Automating the design

process can capture and document this designexpertise.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author wishes to thank my respected guide &

Head Department of Production Engineering Dr. B. M.Dabade, Director Dr. S R. Kajle, for providing necessaryfacilities. This work was supported in part by a grantfrom Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering& Technology Nanded, Maharashtra, India.

REFERENCES

[1] Baker J. Cranes in Need of Change,Engineering, v. 211,n. 3, p. 298. 1971.

[2] Basu A., Majumdar A. K., Sinha S., An Expert SystemApproach to Control System and Analysis, IEEE Trans.

on Systems, Mans and Cybernatics, v. 18, n. 5, pp. 685-

694, 1989.[3] Erden Z., Erkan M. and Erden A., A Computer Based

Design Support System for Automate Access to the F. E.M. Rules in a Crane Design Procedure, Proceedings ofthe 7th International Machine Design and Production

Conference,pp. 575-583, Ankara, Turkey 1996.

[4] Gupta T. An Expert System Approach in ProcessPlanning: Current Development and its Future,Computers and Engineering, v. 18, n. 1, pp. 69-80, 1990.

[5] Marchese P. J. and Rice R. F., Trends in EquipmentDesign and Controls for Heavy Duty Industrial Overhead

Traveling Cranes,Iron and Steel Engineer, v. 51, n. 9, p.66, 1974.

[6] Unsal (Erden), Z. and Erden, A., Computer AutomatedAccess to the F.E.M. Rules for Crane Design,Proceedings of the International Conference on

Engineering Software, pp. 135-142, Stafford, UK 1993.[7] Ansys Workbench 11.0 help library 2008.


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Jib Crane Design and Parameters