Kunming campaign, first in situ observation of water vapor and ozone in the UTLS during the Asian summer monsoonJianchun BIAN, and Hongbin CHENLAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Holger VmelGRUAN Lead Center, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg, German Weather Service Laura Pan, Mijeong Park, and William RandelACD/NCAR IntroductionKunming campaignUTLS measurementSome water vapor and ozone profilesSummary

Zhou et al (1995) speculated that TP is a key pathway in summer where the lower troposphere air is transported into the stratosphere. They linked the ozone valley to the strong convective activity developed over TP. Such activity brings low-ozone air from the lower troposphere to UT and stratosphere, and also pollutants which are collected from the surrounding region by the inflow in the lower troposphere. These pollutants may deplete ozone in the stratosphere, and lower the ozone concentration there. LSummer Ozone Valley Over TPZhou & Luo, AMS, 1994

Satellite obs. reveals the distinct region of high/low tracers over Asia in SummerHigh water vapor [Jackson et al, 1998, Randel et al., 2001].Low ozone [Park et al.,High CO, CH4, HCN, [..]

OverviewMany studies used satellite data and models, which do not provide enough details for characterizing the transport process. We are presenting the first in situ measurements of ozone/water vapor inside the anticyclone; the data providing information on the structure and strength of the circulation, complements the large scale satellite observationsMotivation

Introduction to the climatology of Experiment Site16770m @ 100 mb shifts 3 northward in relative to 14350 m @ 150 mb

Tpp becomes wider in lat

-78C shifts a bit to south of Low-OLR

16770 m is separated from Low-OLRKunming (25.01N, 102.65E, 1.889 km)

WesterlyEasterly

ParticipantsInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, CASKunming Climate Observatory, CMAHolger Vmel

InstrumentsRS80: T, RH, PCFH: H2OECC O3 sonde: O3GPS: windL-Band: T, RH, P, wind for intercomparison

Summary of sounding information (Aug 7-13, 2009)A total of eleven soundings were launched. *) Sondes launched on the same balloon; A and H demote the Vaisala humicap sensor type of RS80, A-humicap and H-humicap, respectively.

No.Launch Time (Beijing local time)GTS1 RS80Burst Altitude (km)GTS1 RS80120090807 14:02:05 A33.112*20090808 14:11:0020090808 14:11:00 H30.4930.493*20090809 14:02:2420090809 14:02:24 A31.1531.15420090809 19:15:4720090809 19:04:02 A33.2833.725*20090810 14:12:3220090810 14:12:32 H31.9631.96620090810 19:15:1320090810 19:04:09 A36.9534.987*20090811 14:06:1020090811 14:06:10 A33.1533.15820090811 19:15:2820090811 19:02:41 H37.9033.829*20090812 14:02:2120090812 14:02:21 A31.6431.6410*20090813 13:59:4120090813 13:59:41 H32.5732.571120090813 19:15:1720090813 19:31:30 A 5.9231.92

Large-Scale ConditionsFirst StageSecond StageSAH moves westward

Cloud Images

Mean Profiles of Water Vapor and OzoneCompact above 85mbLarge variation belowLow-O3 in UTLSCompact above 85mbLarge variation belowSecond hygropause

Tracer-Tracer Plot & Bi-Peak Distribution

Typical L-shape in tropicsCompact above O3 180 ppbvLarge variation belowTwo distribution centers

RHi Profiles75mb RHi>50% Dry layer300mbSuperSaturationLarge variation from mid-T to LSMany cases of super-saturation3-shape distribution & dry-layer in mid-T

Super-Saturation Level & PDFSuper-saturation between 13.6-18 km3 cases of super-saturation at CPTMaximum at 3705K 20%

Case1 Deep Conv. in Typhoon @ Large-Scale Transp.Low O3 & H2O at 100 mbStrong shear below and abovePositive correlation between O3 and RHiO3: 35 ppb; H2O: 2.0 ppm; CPT: -80.89C

Mechanism: Deep Conv. in Typhoon and Freezing DryDeep conv. Typhoon to UT

Freezing dry by cold T

Fast large-scale transp.

Case 2 Extra-Tropical Stratospheric IntrusionThick dry and high-O3 layer in mid-troposphere

Mechanism: Stratospheric Intrusion

Mechanism: Stratospheric Intrusion

Case 3 Super-Saturation with Multiple or Thick LayersMultipleOne thick layer in 6hrsRelation between RHi & O3 at different levels

Low-Ozone Intrusion into UTHighest minimum levels in UT5/11 cases > 15 km, 2 cases > 16 kmTwo cases have low-ozone in thick layers

Transport by Local ConvectionLocal conv.

Weak wind below 170mb

SummaryFor the first time, H2O and O3 in UTLS were measured during Asian summer monsoon Some specific features in the UTLS region are revealed, but their sources need to be studied by using back-trajectory model combined with convective parameterization and convective cloud data.Further sounding experiment over Tibet is under plan. What can we learn from this experiment? Thank you very much for your attention!

Good morning, everyone. Today, Id like to introduce our recent work about the UTLS water vapor and ozone measurements during Asia summer monsoon. First, Id like to give thanks to my cooperators, Hongbin, Holger for the observation, Laura for inviting me visit NCAR. My talk includes four parts, introduction, large scale conditions, water vapor and ozone profile and where is the convection top?In 1994, Professor Zhou and his colleague found that an ozone valley occurs over Tibetan Plateau in summer. They used ozone data of 15years from TOMS. Zhou speculated that TP is a key pathway in summer where the lower troposphere air is transported into the stratosphere. They linked the ozone valley to the strong convective activity developed over TP. Such activity brings low-ozone air from the lower troposphere to UT and stratosphere, and also pollutants which are collected from the surrounding region by the inflow in the lower troposphere. These pollutants may deplete ozone in the stratosphere, and lower the ozone concentration there. Later, many diagnoses and numerical chemical model simulations have been done to study the formation mechanisms of Tibet ozone valley in summer.Next I will give a short review about the tracer distribution in UTLS over Asia summer monsoon. Because Bill, Mijeong and Andrew are all experts and have done many researches in this field, so I will skip the details and only mention the key points. By using satellite data, Jackson and Bill revealed the distinct region of high/low tracers over Asia in Summer.As mentioned before, Many studies used satellite data and models, which do not provide enough details for characterizing the transport process. There is a debate on the roles of convective and synoptic processes in the TST of water vaporWe are presenting the first in situ measurements of ozone/water vapor inside the anticyclone, the data providing information on the structure and strength of the circulation, complements the large scale satellite observationsTo the north and to the south of Kunming lies westerly and easterly jets, respectively.Many institutes were involved in this experiment. Including Institute of Atmospheric Physics of CAS, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Kunming Climate Observatory, Holger Vmel from Germany, and ACD/NCAR.The used instruments include CFH to measure water vapor, RS80 to measure temperature, relative humidity, and pressure, GPS lid to track wind, and ECC ozonesonde to measure ozone.Here gives a Summary of sounding information during Aug 7-13, 2009. Totally, 11 soundings were launched during this period. Once or twice daily.This movie shows the cloud change during this period. Kunming is located here. A typhoon is moving northwestward and becomes weaker during its landing on continent and is finished.In relative humidity profile, there is a large variance in the UTLS region. Many supersaturation events occur in the layer between 90 and 200mb. In the median profile, there a dry layer in the nearby of 300mb, and a high relative humidity layer lies in the layer between 75mb and 200mb.Last, summary.