2014 Gregorian1435 - 1436 Hijri and

5774 - 5775 Hebrew Calendar

Link of Islamic andJewish CalendarTaken from http://en.wikipedia.org/ and http://islam.about.com/

Written by Ben Abrahamson and Joseph Katz

The Islamic or Hijra calendar is made up of 12 lunar months. Traces of Jewish holidays like Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Pesach (Passover) and Shavout (Pentacost) are still evident in this calendar. However, because of structural changes in the Islamic calendar, the Jewish and Islamic celebration of those holidays coincides only once in about 33 years. It is known that the Jews of Arabia felt that they were the true mourners of Zion and carried customs of mourning for the destruction of the Temple to extremes not matched by Jews elsewhere. And we can assume that the mourning for the Temple inuenced pre-Islamic culture to some extent. But even so, it is surprising to nd one of the most holy days of the Islamic calendar -- the 9th of Dhu al Hijja, the Day of Arafat, the height of the Hajj pilgrimage corresponding to the the Jewish fast day of the 9th of Av (which commemorates the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE). And the fast of Ramadan to be based on the Jewish Serat haOmer[5] which among other things is a time of mourning for the hundreds of thousands killed after Bar Kochbas failed revolt in 135 CE. Although the Islamic Calendar has undergone two distinct changes (discontinued intercalation and frozen commutation), is still possible to align the Islamic Calendar to its Jewish counterpart. The holidays of Ras as Sana (Rosh Hashanah) and Roz e Ashura (Yom Kippur) can be found in Muharram, even though Safar was originally the Sacred Month. Minor events such as the Creation of Adam and ritual bath of Erev Yom Kippur can perhaps be found in altered form. The deletion of the month of Elul and the commutation of Safar and Muharram could also explain a shift of Dahwul Arz from 25 of Elul to 25 of Dhu al Qa'dah. It is signicant that the Jewish Holidays of Succot (Feast of Tabernacles), Purim and Chanuka cannot be found in their corresponding place. Purim and Chanuka are post-Biblical so they could have been dropped as is the Karaites custom today. What is interesting is that In place of Succot we nd the traditional date of the changing of the Qiblah from Jerusalem to the Holy Kaaba. The changing of the Qiblah marks a conscious, deliberate changing of traditional Jewish practice. Other possible dates of the changing of Quiblah are the 15 of Rajab and the 15 of Shabaan, corresponding to Purim and Pessach (Passover), the former not being found and the latter being deprived of all Jewish traditional practice. Chanuka if kept by Arabian Jews would have been eventually overshadowed by Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's Birthday), and any correspondence with the 25th of December and the Birth of Jesus would be pure speculation.

Islamic Yom Kippur (?)

Hebrew CalendarThe Hebrew or Jewish calendar ( , ha'luach ha'ivri) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits (dates to commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many ceremonial uses. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for agriculture and is an ocial calendar for civil purposes, although the latter usage has been steadily declining in favor of the Gregorian calendar. The calendar used by Jews has evolved over time. The basic structural features of the early calendar are thought to have been inuenced by the Babylonian calendar, including the seven-day week, the lunisolar intercalary adjustment and the names of the months. Until the Tannaitic period (approximately 10220 CE) the calendar employed a new crescent moon, with an additional month normally added every two or three years to correct for the dierence between twelve lunar months and the solar year. When to add it was based on observation of natural agriculture-related events. Through the Amoraic period (200500 CE) and into the Geonic period, this system was gradually displaced by the mathematical rules used today. The principles and rules were fully codied by Maimonides in the Mishneh Torah in the 12th century. Maimonides' work also replaced counting "years since the destruction of the Temple" with the modern creation-era Anno Mundi. Because of the roughly eleven-day dierence between twelve lunar months and one solar year, the length of the Hebrew calendar year varies in the repeating 19-year Metonic cycle of 235 lunar months, with the intercalary month added according to dened rules every two or three years, for a total of seven times per 19 years. Even with this intercalation, the average Hebrew calendar year is longer by about 6 minutes and 25+25/57 seconds than the current mean solar year, so that every 224 years, the Hebrew calendar will fall a day behind the current mean solar year; and about every 231 years it will fall a day behind the Gregorian calendar year.

It is He who made the sun to be a

shining glory, and the moon to be a

light (of beauty), and measured out stages for her, that ye might know the number of years and the count

(of time)

- Quran 10: 5

Before the deletion of Elul, the month of Cheshvan would have corresponded with Rabi al-Awal. It is tradition Jewish practice to pray for Rain, record the passing of the Flood, and pray if there is a drought during this month. Rabi al-Awal too is etymologically related to rst rains. The correspondence between Lailat al Baraat (Night of Emancipation) and Pesach (Passover) has been mentioned above. The Serah mourning period consists of 49 days from Pesach (Passover) to Shavuoth (Pentecost), however there are diering customs as to the degrees of mourning during that period. Many oriental Jews observe heightened mourning during the month of Iyyar which corresponds to Ramadhan. There is a similarity even in the Serah custom of counting the 49 days of the Omer. In Jewish tradition each day must be counted distinctly and individually. Similar to this most of Islamic jurists think that the intention "I will fast for this approaching month of Ramadan" is not legally enough, since the intention to fast must be formulated each night for the following day, i.e. "I will fast for Ramadan during this day". The 18th of Iyyar is very interesting because until now we have assumed that the Jewish holidays were transformed into Islamic holidays because of the historical record attesting to the observance of these holidays hundreds of years prior the advent of Islam. But Lag BeOmer (the Revelation of the Zohar), if it corresponds to Lailat-el-Qadr (Revelation of the Quran) would indicate the reverse. The Zohar was not known publicly until several hundred years after the advent of Islam. There seems to be a correspondence between Shavouth (Pentacost) and Eid al Fitr, both marking the end of the mourning period. Lastly, for hundreds of years after the destruction of the 2nd Temple, the only Jewish pilgrimage consisted of the 9th of Av pilgrimage to the Mount of Olives to mourn over the ruins of Jerusalem. Previous to this, the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem had always been for the Chag Holidays of Succot (Tabernacles), Pesach (Passover) and Shavuoth (Pentacost). It appears that due to some specic reason this Chag pilgrimage to Jerusalem was changed to the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca.

Hijri CalendarThe Islamic calendar was rst introduced by the close companion of the Prophet, Umar ibn Al-Khattab. During his leadership of the Muslim community, in approximately 638 A.D., he consulted with his advisors in order to come to a decision regarding the various dating systems used at that time. It was agreed that the most appropriate reference point for the Islamic calendar was the Hijrah, since it was an important turning point for the Muslim community. After the emigration to Madinah (formerly known as Yathrib), the Muslims were able to organize and establish the rst real Muslim "community," with social, political, and economic independence. Life in Madinah allowed the Muslim community to mature and strengthen, and the people developed an entire society based on Islamic principles. The Islamic calendar is the ocial calendar in many Muslim countries, especially Saudi Arabia. Other Muslim countries use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes and only turn to the Islamic calendar for religious purposes. The Islamic year has twelve months that are based on a lunar cycle. Allah says in the Qur'an:

"The number of months in the sight of Allah is twelve (in a year) - so ordained by Him the day He created the heavens and the earth...." (9:36).

"It is He Who made the sun to be a shining glory, and the moon to be a light of beauty, and measured out stages for it, that you might know the number of years and the count of time. Allah did not create this except in truth and righteousness. And He explains His signs in detail, for those who understand" (10:5).

And in his nal sermon before his death, the Prophet Muhammad said, among other things, "With Allah the months are twelve; four of them are holy; three of these are successive and one occurs singly between the months of Jumaada and Sha'ban." Islamic months begin at sunset of the rst day, the day when the lunar crescent is visually sighted. The lunar year is approximately 354 days long, so the months rotate backward through the seasons and are not xed to the Gregorian calendar. The months of the Islamic year are : Muharram ("Forbidden" - it is one of the four months during which it is forbidden to wage war or ght) , Safar ("Empty" or "Yellow") , Rabi' al-Awwal ("First spring") , Rabi' ath-Thani or Rabi' al-Akhir ("Second spring") , Jumada al-Ula ("First freeze") , Jumada ath-Thani or Jumada al-Akhir ("Second freeze") , Rajab ("To respect" - this is another holy month when ghting is prohibited) , Sha'ban ("To spread and distribute") , Ramadan ("Parched thirst" - this is the month of daytime fasting) , Shawwal ("To be light and vigorous") , Dhu al-Qa'dah ("The month of rest" - another month when no warfare or ghting is allowed) , Dhu al-Hijjah ("The month of Hajj" - this is the month of the annual pilgrimage to Makkah, again when no warfare or ghting is allowed)

This calender was made just as my hobby. Its present to many people in this world. By this calendar i just want to take a part to spread peace among the people.

Credit to : National Geographic for the photos of Jerusalem. Saudi Aramco for the design layout of the calendar. Chabad Jewish Calendar 5774 and www.hebcal.com for the Hebrew Calendar. And various webs for their articles : www.alsadiqin.org ; www.wikipedia.org ; and www.about.islam.com .

It should be noted to o that the Islamic calendar was adapted from Indonesian Islamic Calendar and National Holidays. Thanks for using this calendar, may God bless us all. aamiin

Husada Tsalitsa Mardiansyahwww.khatit.com

www.karyahusadatm.blogspot.com

January Safar - Rabi al-Awwal 1435Tevat - Shevat 5774 Rabi al-Akhir 1435Adar I 5774FebruaryNotes: Notes:

1 2929 2 301 3 12 4 23

8 67 9 78 10 89 11 910

15 1314 16 1415 17 1516 18 1617

22 2021 23 2122 24 2223 25 2324

29 2728 30 2829 31 293028 2627

5 34 6 45 7 56

12 1011 13 1112 14 1213

19 1718 20 1819 21 1920

26 2425 27 2526

1

2 3 4 85 6 7

9 10 11 1512 13 14

16 17 18 2219 20 21

23 24 25 2826 27

11

22

77

88

1414

1515

2121

2222

2828

2727

44

55

66

1111

1212

1313

1818

1919

2020

2525

2626

33

99

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

7 8 1

15 2 2 2 9

9 2

16 2 3 3 0

10 3

17 2 4 3 1

11 4

18 2 5

12 5

19 2 6

13 6

20 27

14 21 2 8

2 9

2013

1 2 9 16 23 30

3 10 17 2 4 31

4 11 18 2 5

5 12 19 2 6

6 132 0 2 7

7 14 21 2 8

8 15 2 2

O Allh, perfume his noble grave / with the fragrant scent of blessings and peace. O Allh, honour, bestow peace, and shower blessings upon him and his family

- Jafar b. asan al-Barzanj, Mawlid al-Barzanj

Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace; according to Thy word: for mine eyes have seen Thy salvation, which Thou hast prepared before the face of all people:

- Luke 2:29-32

Mawlid an-Nabi Tu bShevat Purim Katan Shushan Purim K.

Epiphany

New Years Day

Present. of Jesus

March Rabi al-Akhir - Jumada al-Ula 1435Adar I - Adar II 5774 Jumada al-Akhir 1435Nisan 5774April

And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and Aspatha, Poratha, and Adalia, and Aridatha, and Parmashta, and Arisai, and Aridai, and Vaizatha;

- Esther 9: 7 10

In the rst month, on the fourteenth day of the month between the two evenings is the LORD's Passover. And on the fteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD;

- Torah, Leviticus 23: 5

Notes:

1

2 3 4 85 6 7

9 10 11 1512 13 14

16 17 18 2219 20 21

23 24 25 2826 27

Ash Wednesday

Notes:

33

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

2 322 4

9 1099 11

16 17 18

23 24 25

30 3030

544 55

121111 1212

191818 1919

262525 2626

New Years Day

29

30 31

2929

3030

5 6

12 13

19 20

2625

2 3 4

9 10 11

16 1719

18

23 24

1

7 8

14 15

21 22 27

28 29

5 62 3 41

12 13

19 20

2625

9 10 11

16 18

23 24

7 8

14 15

21 22 27

28 29

1

8

15

22

2928

6 7

13 14

20 21

27

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

11

88

1515

2222

2929

1 2 9

16 2 3

3

10

17 2 4

4

11

18 2 5

5

12

19 2 6

6

13 2 0 2 7

7

14

21 28

8

15 2 2

3

4

11

18 2 5

5

12

19 26

6

13 2 0 2 7

7

14

21 2 8

8

1

15

2 2 2 9

9 2

16 2 3 3 0

10

17 2 4 31

Taanit Eshter

Shushan PurimPurim

Shrove Tuesday

1st Sunday in Lent

2nd Sunday in Lent

3rd Sunday in Lent

Annunciation

Passover, 1st Day Passover, 2nd Day Passover, 3rd Day Passover, 4th Day Passover, 5th Day

Passover, 6th Day Passover, 7th Day

1st Seder 2nd Seder

Passover, 8th Day

Yom haShoah

Passion Sunday

Palm Sunday Maundy Thursday Good Friday Holy Saturday

Easter Day

May Rajab - Shaban 1435Iyar - Sivan 5774

After he had spoken unto them, was received up into heaven, and sat down at the right hand of God.

- Mark 16: 19

Notes:

Shaban - Ramadan 1435Sivan - Tammuz 5774June

And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, even of the rst-fruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the turn of the year.

- Torah, Exodus 34: 22

Notes:

1616

2323

99

3030

8

15

22

29

28

6 7

13 14

20 21

27

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

88

1515

2222

2929

33

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

2 322

4 9 1099

11 16 17

18 23 24

25 30 11

544 55

121111 1212

191818 1919

262525 2626

1

8

15

22

2928

6 7

13 14

20 21

27

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

11

88

1515

2222

2929 31 22

1 2 3 4

9 10 11

16 17 18

23 24 25

30

33

1010

1717

2424

44

55

1111

1212

1818

1919

2525

2626

5

12

19

26

11

22

5

6

13

2 0

2 7

7

14

21

2 8

8

1

15

2 2

29

9

2

16

2 3

30

10

3

17

2 4

11

4

18

25

12

19

2 6

5

6

13

2 0

2 7

7

14

21

28

8

1

15

2 2

2 9

9

2

16

2 3

3 0

10

3

17

24

3 1

11

4

18

2 5

12

19

2 6

Pesach Sheni

Lag bOmer

Yom HaZikaron

Yom YerushalayimIsra Miraj Ascension Day

Shavuot 1st Day Shavuot 2nd Day Isru Chag

Pentecost

Corpus Christi

Lailat al-Baraa

Ramadan Start

July Ramadan - Shawwal 1435Tammuz - Menachem Av 5774

The month of Ramadan is that in which was revealed the Quran; a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the criterion (of right and wrong).

- Quran, Albaqarah:185

Shawwal - Dhu al-Qadah 1435Menachem Av - Elul 5774August

How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! How is she become as a widow! She that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!

- Lamentations 1: 1

Notes:

Notes:

2 3 4

9 10 11

16 17 18

23 24 25

30

5

12

19

26

1

8

15

22

2928

6 7

13 14

20 21

27 31

33

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

99

11

44

55

1111

1212

1818

1919

2525

2626

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

88

1515

2222

2929

22

33

44

2

3 4 9

10 11 16

17 18 23

24 25 30

5

12

19

26

1

8

15

22

2928

6 7

13 14

20 21

27

31

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

99

3030

55

1111

1212

1818

1919

2525

2626

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

88

1515

2222

2929

11

22

33

44

55

7

8

1

15

2 2

2 9

9

2

16

2 3

3 0

10

3

17

2 4

11

4

18

2 5

12

5

19

2 6

13

6

20

27

14

21

2 8

6

7

14

21

2 8

8

1

15

22

29

9

2

16

2 3

3 0

10

3

17

2 4

11

4

18

25

12

5

19

26

13

2 0

2 7

Tzom Tammuz

Nuzul al-Quran

Yaum al-Quds

Eid al-FItr

Tisha bAv Transguration

September Dhu al-Qadah - Dhu al-Hijjah 1435Elul 5774 - Tishrei 5775

Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.

- Hail Maria

Dhu al-Hijjah 1435 - Muharram 1436Tishrei - Cheshvan 5775October

This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my expiation. This chicken shall go to death and I shall proceed to a good, long life and peace.

- Prayer of Kapparot

Notes:

2 3 4

9 10 11

16 17 18

23 24 25

30

5

12

19

26

1

8

15

22

2928

6

7 13

14 20

21 27 23

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

99

301

34

45

1111

1212

1818

1919

2525

2626

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

88

1515

2222

2929

12

56

55

77

66

Notes:

1 2 3 4

8

67

9

78

10

89

11

910

15

1314

16

1415

17

1516

18

1617

22

2021

23

2122

24

2223

25

2324

29

2728

30

2829

31

2930

28

2627

5 6 7

12

1011

13

1112

14

1213

19

1718

20

1819

21

1920

26

2425

27

2526

11

22

33

44

Yom HaZikaron

2

3

10

17

2 4

4

11

18

2 5

5

12

19

2 6

6

13

2 0

2 7

7

14

21

2 8

8

1

15

22

29

9

16

2 3

3 0

3 1

1

2

9

16

2 3

3

10

17

2 4

4

11

18

2 5

5

12

19

2 6

6

13

2 0

2 7

7

14

21

28

8

15

2 2

29

30

Eruv Tavshilin Rosh haShanah

Tzom Gedaliah

Birth of Mary

Yom Kippur

Sukkot, 1st Day Sukkot, 2nd Day Sukkot, 3rd Day

Sukkot, 4th Day Sukkot, 5th Day Sukkot, 6th Day Hoshana Rabba Shemini Atzeret Simchat Torah

Yaum ArafahYaum Tarwiyah

Eid al-Adha

Ras as-Sanah

November Chesvan - Kislev 5775 Kislev - Tevet 5775December

This is a good day, this is the day when Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemy and Musa (Moses) fasted on this day. So he fasted on this day and told the people to fast.

- Sahih Bukhari Book 31 Hadith 222

Notes:

Muharram - Safar 1436

Notes:

1

2 3 4 85 6 7

9 10 11 1512 13 14

16 17 18 2219 20 21

23 24 25 2826 27

88

1414

1515

2121

2222

2828

2727

1111

1212

1313

1818

1919

2020

2525

2626

99

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

29

2929

56

67

23

34

45

301

12

30 78

Safar - Rabi al-Awwal 1436

1 2 3 4

8 9 10 11

15 16 17 18

22 23 24 25

29 30 3128

5 6

7 12 13

14 19 20

21 26 27

1213

1314

1920

2021

2627

2526

910

1011

1112

1617

1718

1819

2324

2425

89

1415

1516

2122

2223

2728

44

55

11

22

33

2829

2930

88

99

66

77

4

5

1 2

1 9

2 6

6

1 3

2 0

2 7

7

1 4

2 1

2 8

8

1

1 5

2 2

2 9

9

2

1 6

2 3

3 0

10

3

17

24

31

1 1

1 8

2 5

3

4

11

18

2 5

5

12

19

2 6

6

13

2 0

2 7

7

14

21

2 8

8

1

15

2 2

2 9

9

2

16

23

30

10

17

2 4

31

2014

Chanukah, 1st Day Chanukah, 2nd Day Chanukah, 3rd Day Chanukah, 4th Day

Chanukah, 5th Day Chanukah, 6th Day Chanukah, 7th Day Chanukah, 8th Day

Yaum AshuraYaum Tasua

1st Sdy of Advent

2nd Sdy of Advent

3rd Sdy of Advent

4th Sdy of AdventChristmas Day

We light these lights for the miracles and the wonders, for the redemption and the battles that you made for our forefathers, in those days at this season, through your holy priests.

- Hymn of Hanerot Halalu

Page 1Page 2