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Foot and Mouth Disease –possible impacts in Australian
red meat industries.
Jeremy Rogers, Senior Veterinary Officer
Foot and Mouth Disease
Would you recognise it if you saw it?
What is it?
What is the impact / seriousness of the disease to Australian red meat industries?
What would you do if you saw these lesions ?
This animal was seen in Murray Bridgein August 2013 !
FMD lesions in sheep – often mild
•Mild clinical disease - “silent shedding and spread”: may go unnoticed •Lameness may be main sign• Mortality in lambs
2 day old lesions, 4 days post-infection
And now pigs
Pigs – Day 1
Pigs – Day 3 early stages have very high fever
Pigs – Day 3
Pigs – Day 4
Pigs – Day 9
If you see this at a lairage………..
….and this…
….and this…
….and this…Then we could have a problem!
Foot and Mouth Disease
Would you recognise it if you saw it?
What is it?
Could it get here?
What is FMD?
FMD is the most infectious animal virus known
Intermediate, sporadic
Endemic FMD ‐Free
Free. Virus present in game parks
Free with vaccination
Countries with multiples zones:FMD‐free, free with vaccination or not free
Endemic FMD
FMD affects mainly ruminant animals and pigs but there are over 70 animal species known to be susceptible
Yaks and wild bovidae:Bufallos. Wild boars. Camelidae (camels, llamas, alpacas, vicunas):subclinical.
Many deer and antelope Elephants can be experimentally infected. European hedgehogs (Uk 2001) Other small rodents
Not horses!!!
Other susceptible species
Range 1 to 14 daysmost likely 2‐5 daysDepends on:
– Pathogen dose– Strain– Species– Pre‐existing immunity– Physiological status– Route of transmission– husbandry
Time from INFECTION to DISEASE
DAYS
MEA
SURE
MEN
T
14654321 87 ● ● ● ●
Virus in blood Clinical/Lesions
Antibody response
fever Vesicles and clinical signs
Recovery – scars, lameness, late abortions
Virus Production per day
Cattle Sheep mainly inhalation Goats Pigs ‐ inhalation and / or ingestion Through skin and mucosae ‐ all species
Routes of Infection
Estimated minimum doses for various species and routes of exposure
in the UK• 14 days in dry manure • 39 days in urine • up to 6 months in slurry in winter• 3 days on soil in summer and 28 days in autumn
• Up to 20 weeks on hay/straw • up to 4 weeks on cow’s hair at 18 to 20 C
How long does the virus survive in the environment?
Could FMD get to Australia?
Animal and product movements (smuggling). Wildlife
People (contact FMDv) Samples from infected animals Lab breakdown Imported product before detectionAgro‐terrorism
Risk Factors for entry
FMD contaminated meat products –poorly cured meat
FMDV may survive for prolonged periods in salted and cured meats The virus has been recovered from:
• sausages for up to 56 days • ham fat for up to 183 days • bacon for up to 190 days.
AUSVETPLAN March 2011
Risk Factors for entry
Albania/FYROM 1996: boned in meat from South Asia (India?). Role of pigs scavenging garbage
Greece, 2000: entry across Evros river from Turkish Thrace (unproven, illegal animal movements?)
UK 2001: pigs consuming waste food that had not been adequately heat treated; probably risk material originated from East Asia Feeding of treated waste food to pigs banned across Europe
UK 2007: escape from FMD laboratory EuFMD standard revised for FMD laboratories, fresh inspections
It happens
Questions?