JB Traversac, Cal-Med Meeting - Sonoma, oct 2007 Wine & Environment, salient caracters and first results the French experience Jean-Baptiste Traversac,

JB Traversac, Cal-Med Meeting - Sonoma, oct 2007

Wine & Environment, salient caracters and first results

the French experience

Jean-Baptiste Traversac, French National Agronomy Research Institute (INRA SAD-APT Paris)


Wine and sustainability

works on economicsworks on economics

- Industrial organisation- Wine market regulation

(self-governance & public policyin the AOC)

- Local networks organisation

expertiseexpertise on Vine & Wine biotechnics on Vine & Wine biotechnics

~ coordination of 25 programs- - Vine & Environement

C. Compagnone- Integrated Pest Management

A. Pugin, G. Sentenac, & al- Virus Insect Vectors

E. Boudon-Padieu, X.Daire- Soil Research

G. Trouche

diverse reports for: the strategic planning of the research networks for the vineyard of the north-est of France (CRECEP/RVVS) a european project (FORESCENE)

first results of a work on the environmental policy in thefrench vineyard


• Focal issue and area of expertiseA biotechnic and Economic expertise

• Long terms sustainability goal and targetsThe Renewal of local Agro-Food Systems Network’s

• Key scenarios elements for a sustainable developementProspective Vines and Wines – Scenarios for Research and actors

• Key possible instruments and measuresA suggestion

An expertise for a european project FORESCENE : making scenario for the sustainable development of rural areain agriculture


Environnemental impacts

• The pest disease management probleminterogations about the viability of the pest dependant crop systems & healths consequences

• Viticulture use 50 % of the total weigth of pesticide for 3 % of the

crop area (25OOO tons/year)

Cultures % area % pest consumption

(in value)

Cereals 24% 40%

Corn 7% 10%

Colza 4% 9%

Vine 3% 20%

Total 38% 79%

data colected by the French agricultural departement & the industry union of pesticide producers


Dispersion of pest applications

Lucas P & al., INRA 2004


Consequences

• Health impact : for the producers, numerous studies about relation between use of pesticide (generaly wihtout care) and some severe deseases (e.g. on the children fertility, cancer rate, etc….)

• Water quality : difficulty to respect the directive EEC 80-778 & the directive cadre on water (2000/60/EC)

The problems are very localised due to the limited wine area


133 000 cepsmesurés

Root Unearthing Method = RUM

Quantification and spatialisation of erosionphenomenon on the burgundy coast

-0.3-0.28-0.26-0.24-0.22-0.2-0.18-0.16-0.14-0.12-0.1-0.08-0.06-0.04-0.02

RUM (m)100 m.

0.9 mm.an-

1

1.2 mm.an-1

0.9 mm.an-1

1 mm.an-1

1.2 mm.an-1

1.4 mm.an-1

2.2 mm.an-1

Scale - * 10 years

chemin

drainBrenot et al., 2004


Montainside dynamic

erosion/transit/sedimentation

key questions on the ability to preserve the soil patrimony


Environmental impact factor’s of the wine industry

• Farms sustainability index (IDEA):structural (AC) & financial survey (RICA)(IDERICA)

scale components Indicators numbers IDERICA

Indicators numbers IDEA

Edaphic Diversity 3 5

Space distribution 5 7

Agricultural pratices 5 7

Social Food quality & terroir 7 5

Employement & services 5

Ethic & sustainability 6

Economics Economic viability 2 2

Independance 2 2

Transmissibility 1 1

Efficiency 1 1

direct survey(IDEA)

Girardin P. & al., INRA 2004


Biodiversity: can we conclude with a structural index?


Score on the biodiversity of wine farms


Biodiversity in viticultural farms: a specific entry

• Random sexual reproduction→ exclusively by wood except for specific program creation of new variety is stoped (resistant variety or new table grappe variety)

low inter ~ 0, but high intra and studies show that - genetic varity in grape is in regression

- association with neighbours species could be rich of insect

• Quality signal based on variety → 8 major varieties (~ 45% french wineyard )

• Huge diversity in collection and in different vineyards in almost all EU


Pest management: pertinence of a financial index ?


Score on the use of pesticide of wine farms


Soil protection


Score on the soil protection of wine farms


Water use


Score on the use of water of wine farms


Social implication


Score on the social implication of wine farms


Collective work


Score on the job creation of wine farms


Subsidies sensibility


Score on the use of subsidies of wine farms


Sustainable development of agriculture: a place for a specific farm census

need of a european agricultural survey in four parts

- structure (ES): land, workers, crop, cattle, machine,…, - activity (EA): with more informations in backward and lateral activities - financial results (RICA): with a more detailed and reliable information - sustainable developement index (EDD): with edaphic and social index

(periodicity of 3 years)

IDERICA pertinent index

• edaphic & social index: significativity in question• economics index: a view of financial performances


• Discussion about the most efficient method to reduce pest treatmentpollution

public prescription vs private certification

certification and labelling efficiency

state efficiency of control of the producersor/and volontary approach

Goals and issues of Sust. Dev.Goals and issues of Sust. Dev.debates & perspectivesdebates & perspectives


Maria L. Loureiro (2001)

No 44 %

Yes 56 %

Would you willing to pay a premium for a Colorado wine,If it was grown and labeled using sustainable agriculturaland environmentally friendly techniques?


results on the hedonic prices of SD labels show that it is complicated to associate a SD label to GI (AOC)

• D. Boughedra, 2004• Giraud, 2005 ; Halawany, Giraud, 2007• Soler & al., 2007

efficiency of certification and labelling ~ 0


Evolution de la densité apparente du travail en viticulture dans les vignobles du septentrion

-34% -35% -51% -30% -19% -5%

-

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

5,00

Autre

s Vig

n. F

ranc

e

Beauj

olai

s

Alsace

Bourg

ogne

Jura

& S

avoi

e

Cham

pagn

e

ha

/ U

TA

-900%

100%

Evolution of the work intensity in the french vineyards


Dispersion of pest applications: a political choice

% product on target

% product dispersed

Lucas P & al., INRA 2004

rampes & buses vs soufflerie


Network of innovators and the grass management in Monthelie

C. Compagnone, 2007


Network of innovators and the use of spray machine in Monthelie

C. Compagnone, 2007

Law presssure spraying

High pressure spraying


Is the number of participant matter in the effectiveness of environment prescription ?


Main composants of the model

n : number of participant (constant in a short term)

i’ : level of environmental performance(voluntary approch requires i < i’)

I : overall level of pollution (I is a function of several parameters)

(α is the proportion of non participants)

' (1 )

( ' )

I ni ni

I i i ni

[ ,1]O


'

'

ai i

i

α is the switching cost from i’ to ia is the ease of adopting the integrated approach


11 1 '

1'a

a

In a i i

i

1'

'

a

a

i iI n i

i

we integrate α

1

1' 1

( 1)ai i

a

the extremum is:


2

20

I

i

To minimise I the second order condition has to be positive

21

2( 1) ( ' )

'a

a

I naa i i

i i


An application for i’=1 (worst score) and a=1 (high inertia to change)

REM: • for each n, there is 2 sub-optimal solutions• i = 0,5 is the optimal solution to optimise I


Overall environmental performance as a function of required level of pollution per participant and the total number of enterprise (i’=1, a=1)


Policy implication

1) How to determine the level of resistance to change a?

2) The solution for certain value of i are twice(if there is a cost of negociation C, the administration will preferthe smalest number)

3) An interest group can select a level of i in relation with it’s own interrest(what could be the good reaction to the constitution of such groups?)


Thank you for your attention

Documents

JB Traversac, Cal-Med Meeting - Sonoma, oct 2007 Wine & Environment, salient caracters and first results the French experience Jean-Baptiste Traversac,