JAPAN

OUTLINE Background Information & Development History

(by Naoto)

Educational system & Educational Issues

(by Hiro)

Background Information(1)Area Size 377,887 sq km

Population (density) 127million (341.8 per sq km)

Ethnic groups Japanese (99%), others(Aynu:23000, Ryukyu, Korean, Chinese)

Language Japanese ( 日本語 )

Literacy Rate 99%

Background Information(2)Life Expectancy Rate (2003)

78.07(male) / 84.93(female)

Infant Mortality Rate (2003)

3.1 per 1000 live births (2003)

GDP $3.651 trillion (PPP 2002)

GDP per capita $28,700 (PPP 2002)

GDP growth rate 0.2%

$0$5,000

$10,000$15,000$20,000$25,000$30,000$35,000$40,000

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

GNI per capita real GDP growth

Background Information(3)Exports $383.8 billion (2002)

Imports $292.1 billion (2002)

ODA $9.3 billion (2002)

Defence Expenditure

6 % of Total Government Expenditure (1% of GDP)

Unemployment Rate

5.3% (2003)

Development History (1)

Edo (Tokugawa) Period [1603-1868] National Isolation Policy Primary enrolment rate (male 79%, female 21%) & estimated Literacy rate (male 40-50%, female 15%)

Domestic Industry

Development History (2) Pre-War period [1868-1945] Meiji Restoration - open the country – Modernisation Basic education & Moral Education (Confucian) *primary school enrolment was over 90% in 1902

Slogans – Japanese Spirits, Western Skills & Western Science, Eastern Morals

Development History (3) Post-war period [1945-] Devastation of the Nation - Restructuring every social systems (Centralised governance structure) Rapid economic growth (1960s-70s) - Strong back up of USA (Cold War), WB

Environmental Problems - four major environmental deteriorations(1960s)