Janapatham May 16 - Kerala34. NndIp≈ hncp∂pImtc kzmKXw] ... n.B¿.Un ssehv samss_¬ Bπnt°j\neqsS. hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw s]mXpP\ßƒ°pw D]Imc {]ZamhpIbmWv C≥^¿taj≥ ]ªnIv dntej≥kv

$Page 1: Janapatham May 16 - Kerala34. NndIp≈ hncp∂pImtc kzmKXw] ... n.B¿.Un ssehv samss_¬ Bπnt°j\neqsS. hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw s]mXpP\ßƒ°pw D]Imc {]ZamhpIbmWv C≥^¿taj≥ ]ªnIv dntej≥kv$
kaImenI

D-≈S°w

P\-]YwC≥^¿ta-j≥ ]_vfnIv dnte-j≥kv hIp∏v ]kn-≤o-I-cWw

01 sabv 2016 ]pkvXIw 2 e°w 10

3

30. a-cW-sØ am-Sn hn-fn-°-cp-Xv

32. I-cn-º\n: a-g-sbØpw ap-tº ]Xn-tcm-[w Xo¿°mw

36. Ip-fn-tc-Im≥ ]-Ir-Xn-Z-Ø am¿-Kßƒ

B-tcmKyw

38. Ip-Spw-_w˛kp-ÿn-c-tem-I-Øn-s‚ A-Snÿm-\ LS-Iw

40. S-®v t^m-Wn¬ H-Xp-ß-cp-Xv am-XrXzw

Ip-Spw_w

41. Irjn- q-an-bn¬ Hcp ]hmk hnP-b-KmY

Irjn

48. tSmw-kv

Hm¿a

42. ]-Øv I-gn-bp-tºmƒ

44. kn-hn¬ k¿-ho-kv A-°mZ-an

I-cnb¿

hmb\

50. ]p-kv-X-I ]-cnN-bw

tIcf \nb-a-k`1957˛2016

Ih

¿ t

Ãmd

n

3

18. Imemh-ÿtbm \-Ω-tfm am-td≠-Xv

20. C-\nbpw A-h-K-Wn°mtam Zp-c-¥ kq-N-\-Iƒ

23. kq-£n-®m¬ cm-k h-kv-Xp-°ƒ an-X-ßƒ

26. J-\-\w˛I-ao-I-c-Ww, kp-c-£, ]-cn-ÿn-Xn

28. ]-Ir-Xn Zp-c-¥-ßƒ ; C-c-Iƒ a-\p-jy¿ am-X-a√

34. Nn-d-Ip-≈ hn-cp-∂p-Im-tc kzmK-Xw

]cn-ÿnXn

]Xn-\memw \nbak -bpsS kmam-Pn-I¿ Npa-X-e-tb¬°p∂ kµ¿ -

Øn¬ ]n∂n´ k -I-fpsS Ncn-X-Øn-te°v Hcp Xncn™p t\m- w...6

4

]talw F∂ alm-hn-]-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn-emWv \ΩpsS \mSv. sX‰mb `£-

Whpw Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fp-sa√mw CXn-\p-Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂p. ]ta-l-sØ-°p-dn®pw £-W-co-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p-sa√mw a\-n-em-°m≥ G]n¬ e°w ka-Im-enI P\-]Yw sIm≠p Ign-™p. C\nbpw CØcw cN-\-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

kn≤n-Jv, ssh‰n-e, Fd-Wm-Ipfw

G]n¬ e°w ka-Im-enI P\-]-Y-Øn¬ "B Kma-ßƒ C∂v Hm¿a-amXw'

F∂ ae-bn≥Iogv tKm]m-e-Ir-jvWs‚ teJ\w hfsc \∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Kmao-W-ambHcp-]mSv Hm¿a-Iƒ \„amIp∂ Cu ImeØv CØcw teJ-\-ßƒ Hcp Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ IqSn-bm-Wv. A`n-\-µ-\-ßƒ

cmtP-µp, t]bm-Sv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

"thjw amdp∂ ae-bm-fn-Isf'°pdn®v G]n¬ e°w ka-Im-enI P\-]-Y-

Øn¬ h∂ e£van Fkv˛s‚ teJ\w \∂m-bn. F∂m¬, Ipń-I-fpsS hnhn-[-XcwhkvX-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw hnhm-l-Im-esØ hnhn-[-Xcw hkvX sS≥Up-I-sf-°p-dn®pw ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠m-bn--√. AXpw IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-am-bn-cp-∂p.

tcmln-Xv, Ieq¿, Fd-Wm-Ipfw

C∂sØ Xe-ap-dbv°v hf-sc-b-[nIw D]-Im-c-]-Z-amb teJ-\-amWv "hb-dns\

NXn-°mØ £-W-Im-ew'. \ΩpsS kº-∂-amb £W-co-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®pw \man∂v AI-s∏-´p-t]mb ^mÃv ^pUv kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ tZmj-h-i-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw an-em-°m\pwIgn-™p. CØ-c-Øn¬ hn⁄m-\-]-Z-amb teJ-\-ßƒ C\nbpw ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

\mcm-b-W≥, Ip∂-Øq¿, sIm√w

4

C°gn™ πkvSp ]co£m êw]kn≤oIcn®t∏mƒ 1,29,994 t]¿ ew Adn™Xv]n.B¿.Un ssehv samss_¬ Bπnt°j\neqsS.hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw s]mXpP\ßƒ°pw D]Imc]ZamhpIbmWv C≥^¿taj≥ ]ªnIv dntej≥kvhIp∏ns‚ ]n.B¿.Un ssehv samss_¬ B∏v .hn. F®v. Fkv. C. hnZym¿∞nIfn¬ 9,683 t]¿]n.B¿.Un ssehv B∏v D]tbmKn®Xmbpw KqKnƒA\enÃnIv Ãm‰kv hy‡am°p∂p.

k¿°m¿ hm¿ØIƒ hnc¬Øpºn¬e`yam°m≥ ]_vfnIv dntej≥kv hIp∏v am¿®vc≠n\mWv ]n. B¿. Un ssehv F∂ samss_¬Bπnt°j≥ ]pdØnd°nbXv. ZnhkhpwBdpaWn°v hm¿ØIƒ kw£n]vXambn tdUntbmhm¿Øm cq]Øn¬ \¬Ip∂p. hmbn°pIbpw,tIƒ°pIbpw sNømhp∂ hn[w hm¿Ø-Iƒe`yamWv.

temIØns‚ GXv `mKØp\n∂pwX¬kabw tIƒ°msa∂Xn\m¬ NpcpßnbZnhkßƒ sIm≠pXs∂ P\IobamIm≥ ]n. B¿.

Un ssehn\v Ign™p. hnIk\hm¿ØIƒ,ImbnIw F∂nßs\ hnhn[ taJeIfnembnhm¿ØIƒ thKØn¬ sXcs™Sp°m≥samss_¬ B∏n¬ kuIcyap≠v. tdUntbmbv°v]pdta hoUntbm cq]Ønepffhm¿Øm_pff‰n\pw sshImsX e`yamIpw.]Ømw ¢mkv ]co£mêw B∏n eqsS\¬InbXv ]Xn\mbnc°W°n\v hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v ]tbmP\w sNbvXncp∂p.

sXcs™Sp∏v êw samss_¬B∏neqsS \¬Im\pff ]h¿Ø\w Ahkm\L´ØnemWv. B≥tUmbnUn\v ]pdsa a‰vHm∏td‰nwMv knÃØnepw CXv e`yam°m\pff]h¿Ø\ßƒ ]ptcmKan°p∂p. C≥^¿taj≥tIcf anj\mWv B∏v Xømdm°nbXv. B≥tUmbnUv th¿j\nepff F√m kvam¿´vt^mWnepw ]n.B¿.Un samss_¬ B∏vUu¨temUv sNømw. \nehn¬ 28 cmPyßfnembn PRD LIVE samss_¬ B∏v Uu¨temUv sNbvXn´p≠v.

hnc¬Øpºn¬ hnh-c-ß-fp-ambn

PRD LIVE B∏v

apJ°p-dn∏v

hcn-°m-cm-Im≥: kaImenI P\-]Yw X]m-en¬ e`n-°m≥ Ub-d-IvS¿, C≥^¿ta-j≥ ]_vfnIv dnte-j≥kv hIp-∏v, H∂mw-\n-e,skI-t -dn-b‰v A\-Ivkv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw˛695001 tÃ‰v C≥^¿ta-j≥ sk‚¿, ]kv ¢_v _n¬UnMv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, t^m¨:2518471• Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, knhn¬ tÃj≥, IpS-∏-\-°p∂v]n.H, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, t^m¨: 731300 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥Hmôkv, H∂mw\ne, knhn¬ tÃj≥, sIm√w, t^m¨:2794911 •Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, Ku≠v vtfm¿, knhn¬ tÃj≥,]Ø-\w-Xn-´, t^m¨:2222657 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv,Ku≠v ^vtfm¿, knhn¬ tÃj≥, Ipbn¬ae, ss]\m-hv, CSp-°n, t^m¨:2233036 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, knhn¬tÃj≥ tImºu≠v, Be-∏p-g, t^m¨:2251349 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, ^Ãv ^vtfm¿, knhn¬ tÃj≥, tIm´-bw,t^m¨:2562558 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, ]m¿°v Ah\yp,sIm®n, t^m¨:2354208 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, c≠mw\ne, knhn¬ tÃj≥, Aø-t¥mƒ, Xriq¿, t^m¨:2360644 •Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, Ku≠v vtfm¿, knhn¬ tÃj≥,]me-°m-Sv, t^m :2533329 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, knhn¬tÃj≥, ae-∏pdw, t^m¨:2734387 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv,knhn¬ tÃj≥, sabn≥ _n¬Unw-Kv, tImgn-t°m-Sv, t^m¨:2370225• Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, Ku≠v vtfm¿, knhn¬ tÃj≥,I¬∏‰ t\m¿Øv, hb-\m-Sv, t^m¨:6202529 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥Hmôkv, Ku≠v ^vtfm¿, knhn¬ tÃj≥, IÆq¿,t^m¨:2700231 • Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmôkv, knhn¬ tÃj≥,hnZym-\-K¿, Imk¿tKm-Uv, t^m¨:4255145 • C≥^¿ta-j≥Hmôkv, tIcf lukv, 3˛P-¥¿ a¥¿ tdmUv, \yqU¬ln, t^m :011 23343424

C≥^¿ta-j≥ ]_vfnIv dnte-j≥kv hIp∏v ]kn-≤o-I-cWw01 sabv 2016 ]pkvXIw 2 e°w 10

F-Un-‰¿, k-a-Imen-I P-\-]Yw,sk-I-t´-dnb-‰v A-\-Iv-kv,H∂mw\ne,Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw˛[email protected]^m¨ : 0471 2517036

No- v F-Un-‰¿an-\n B‚Wn sF-. F. F-kv.

tIm˛Hm¿-Un-t\-‰n-Mv F-Un-‰¿kn. c-ta-iv-Ip-am¿

U-]yq- n No- v F-Un-‰¿k-t¥m-jv Ip-am¿ F.F-kv.

F-Un-‰¿\m-^n-lv Fw.

A-kn-Ã‚ v F-Un-‰¿kn.F- v. Zn-eo-]v-Ip-am¿A-c-p¨ F-kv.F-kv.

Sm≥-k-te-‰¿Sn.F-kv. k-Xn-Ip-am¿

Un-ssk-\¿]-Im-iv hn.Fkv.

k¿-°p-te-j≥B¿. A-\n¬-Ip-am¿

te-J-I-cp-sS A-`n-]m-bw k¿-°m-cn-t‚-Xm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n√. A-h-bp-sS ]q¿-W D-Ø-c-hm-Z-n-Øwte-J-I¿-°v am-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.

]-Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ A-b--t°-≠ hn-em-kw

ka-Im-enI

P\]Yw

May 1, 2016 Volume 2 Issue 10e-mail : [email protected] : www.prd.kerala.gov.in

No^v FUn-‰¿

]Xn-\memw \nbak`bv°v

`mhp-I-ßƒ

5

am-Xr-Im-]-c-am-b H-cp sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v ]-In-b-bn-eq-sS I-S-∂p-s]m-bv-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv \mw. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ A-¥-k-Ø D-b¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-®p sIm-≠v ]-c-am-h-[n _-lp-P-\ ]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-sS thm-s´-Sp-∏v ]q¿-Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈hn-]p-e-am-b \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ F-√m Pn-√-I-fn-epw \-S-∂p-h-cp-∂p. t]m-fn-Mv i-X-am-\wD-b¿-Øp-∂-Xn-\v B-kq-Xn-X-am-b ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ B-hn-jv-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. k-aq-l-Øn-se \m-\m-hn-`m-Kw P-\-ß-fp-sS k-l-I-c-W-tØm-sS-bm-Wv A-h \-S-∏m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a-s‰-√m cw-K-Øp-sa-∂ t]m-se P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-In-b-bn-epwcm-Py-Øn-\v am-Xr-I-bm-b ]m-c-º-cy-am-Wv tI-c-f-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. B b-»-kv D-b¿-Øn-s°m-≠v Cu am-kw X-s∂ \ne-hn¬ hcp∂ ]-Xn-\m-emw \n-b-a-k- bnsekm-am-Pn-I¿-°v F-√m `m-hp-I-ß-fpw t\-cp-∂p. 1957 ap-X¬ 2016 h-sc-bp-≈ 13\n-b-a-k- -I-fp-sS-bpw tI-c-f-Øn-se ap-gp-h≥ a-¥n-k- -I-fp-sS-bpw l-kz-Nn-XwCu e-°w k-Im-en-I P-\-]-Y-Øn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. N-cn-X-Øn-te-°v H-cp Xn-cn-™p t\m- -Øn-\v G-h¿-°pw A-Xv D-]-I-cn-°p-sa-∂v ]-Xym-in-°p-∂p.

c-≠m-a-Xm-bn Hm¿-°m-\p-≈-Xv \mw ]n-∂n-Sp-∂ sIm-Sn-b Nq-Sn-s‚ \m-fp-I-sf-bm-Wv. h-‰n-b In-W-dp-Iƒ, A-]-Xy-£-am-hp-∂ P-e-tkm-X-p-Iƒ, sh-≈-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ A-e-®n-¬, kq-cym-Lm-X-Øn-s‚-bpw Nn-e-t∏mƒ A-Xp-aq-e-ap-≈a-c-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw hm¿-Ø-Iƒ H-s° \mw tI-´p. 44 \-Zn-I-fp-sS \m-Sm-b tI-c-f-Øn-se A-h-ÿ C-ß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ cm-Py-Øn-s‚ a-‰p m-K-ß-fn-se I-Y F-¥m-sW-∂v Du-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xn-\pw A-∏p-d-tØ-°v \o-≠p. h-S-t° C-¥y-bn-em-sI ]n-Sn-ap-dp-°n-b sIm-Spw-h-cƒ-® hn-hn-[ -kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-em-bn 256 Pn-√-I-fn-se 33 tIm-Sn a-\p-jy-sc h-cn-™p-ap-dp-°n-b-Xm-bn kp-]ow tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ tI-µ-k¿-°m¿ \¬-In-b I-W-°p-I-ƒ ]-d-bp-∂p. h-‰n-h-c-≠ Km-a-ßƒ D-t]-£n-®v ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-ß-ƒ ]-em-b-\-Øn-em-Wv. P-e-bp-≤-ß-sf Ip-dn-®p-≈ o-I-c-am-b ]-h-N-\-ßƒ bm-Ym¿-Yy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Im-cy-ßƒ h-f-sc hy-‡-am-Wv. ssI-tb-‰-ßƒ-°pw A-\n-b-¥n-X Nq-j-W-ßƒ-°p-sa-Xn-scbp≈ ]-Ir-XnbpsS ]-Xn-I-cWw ASpØ L -Øn-te°v IS-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Im-em-h-ÿ-bpw ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-bpw a-\p-jy Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ k¿-h-ta-J-e-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. `-£-Ww, h-kv-Xw, ]m¿-∏n-Sw, Du¿-÷w, Hu-j-[w, Ir-jn, D-]-Po-h-\-am¿-§-ßƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bv-s°-√mw \mw B-i-bn-t°-≠-Xv ]-Ir-Xn-sb X-s∂-bm-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠v Im-em-h-ÿm-hy-Xn-bm-\w -Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ k-a-kv-X ta-J-e-sb-bpw ]n-Sn-®p-e-bv-°p-∂p. km-º-Øn-I cm-jv-So-bta-J-e-I-fn-te-°pw A-Xn-s‚ Nq-Spw X-Wp-∏pw hym-]n-°p-∂p.

F-√m a-\p-jy-\pw F-√m-°m-e-tØ-°pw th-≠-sX-√mw ]-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≠v. ]-s£ H-cp a-\p-jy-s‚ t]m-epw A-Xym¿-Øn-°v A-Xv a-Xn-bm-In-s√-∂v ]-d-™-Xva-lm-fl-Pn-bm-Wv. A-Xym¿-Øn sh-Sn-™pw ]-Ir-Xn-tbm-Sv ]-S-s]m-cp-X¬ A-h-km-\n-∏n-®pw ]-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn k-a-c-k-s∏-Sp-∂ ]m-X sX-c-s™-Sp-°-em-Wv C-\n-sb-¶n-epw I-c-Wo-bw. h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂ a-g-°m-e-Øv th-\-en-s‚ ]mT-ßƒ a-d-°m-Xn-cn-°mw. a-g-°p-gn-Iƒ Ip-Øn-bpw a-g-s°m-bv-Øv \-S-Øn-bpw sh-≈-sØ kq£n-®p h-bv-°mw. `p-an-sb-bpw A-Xn-te-°v ho-gp-∂ Hm-tcm Xp-≈n sh-≈-sØ-bpwB-Z-c-thm-sS k-ao-]n-°mw. Hm-tcm hy-‡n-bn¬ \n-∂pw Hm-tcm ho- n¬ \n-∂pw a-g-sb h-c-th¬-°m≥ ssI-Iƒ \o-f-s´.

H -\-h[n P\m-[n-]Xy ]co-£-W-ß-ƒ°v kzmX-¥y-Øn\v aptº thZn-bmb al-Ømb ss]Xr-I-amWv tIc-f-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. Db¿∂

]uc-t_m-[hpw P\m-[n-]Xy hnizm-khpw ASn-Ø-d-bm-°n- kºq¿W P\m-bØ c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-te°p≈ tIcfØns‚ apt∂‰Øn\v

]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ Xs∂ XpS-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1888 am¿®v 30\v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pmhv ioaqew Xncp-\mƒ cma-h¿a hnfw-

_cw sNbvX ePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨kn¬ C¥y-bnse \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ BZy-ambn \ne-hn¬ h∂ \nb-a-\n¿amW k -bm-bn Ncn-X-Øn¬ CSw-

t\-Sn.

P\m-[n-]Xy ]co-£-W-ß-fpsS ]mY-anI Nph-Sp-h-bv∏mbv IW-°m-hp∂ ePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨knen¬ F´w-K-ß-fmWv D≠m-bn-cp-

∂-Xv. 1891se ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-bepw 1904se ioaqew ]Pm-k- bpw AS-°-ap-≈h Cu bmX-bnse \mgn-I°-√p-I-fm-bn. ]Pm-k- -bn-

te°v AwK-ßsf sXc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw P\-ßƒ°v \¬In-s°m≠v 1905¬ cmPm-hv hnfw-_cw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-s®¶nepw hm¿jnI

hcp-am-\w, q\n-Ip-Xn, hnZym- ymktbmKyX XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n LS-I-ßƒ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\pw thm -h-Im-i-Øn\pw ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p.

Iogm-f-scbpw Zp¿_-e-scbpw kvXoI-f-S-°-ap≈ \m\m-hn- mKw P\-ß-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm-≠p≈ kºq¿W P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-In-b-bn-

te°v Ah amdp-∂-Xn\v A[nIw Ime-Xm-a-k-ap-≠m-bn-√. \m´p-cm-Py-ßsf GIo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v mjm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ sFIy-tI-cfw \ne-

hn¬ h∂ tijw BZy s]mXp-sX-c-s™-Sp∏v \S-∂Xv 1957 s^_p-hcn 28-\m-bn-cp-∂p. 1957 am¿®v H∂n\v H∂mw tIcf \nb-ak` \ne-

hn¬h-∂p. \ma-\n¿t±iw sNø-s∏´ Hcw-Kw AS°w BsI kmam-Pn-I¿ 127. i¶-c-\m-cm-b-b-W≥ Xºn kv]o°dpw sI.-H. -sF-jm-_mbn

sU]yqń kv]o°-dp-ambn. 1957 G]n¬ A©n\v sFIy-tI-c-f-Øns‚ BZy apJy-a-¥n-bmbn C.-Fw.-Fkv \ºq-Xncn-∏mSv kXy-]Xn⁄

sNbvXp. apJy-a¥n AS°w ]Øv AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p AZy a¥n-k- -bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

13- mw k -bpsS apJy-a-¥n-bmbn 2011 tabv 18\v A[n-Im-c-ta‰ DΩ≥Nm≠n hsc 21 apJy-a-¥n-am¿ ]n∂oSv tIcfØns‚ c-

W-km-cYyw h-ln-®p. ]Xn-\memw k`-bpsS kmam-Pn-I¿ Npa-X-e-tb¬°p∂ Cu kµ¿`-Øn¬ ]n∂n´ k`-I-fpsS Ncn-X-Øn-te°v Hcp

Xncn™p t\m- w...

6

H-∂mw \nb-ak-1957 G]n¬ H∂v ˛ 1959 Pqsse 31

BZy ktΩ-f\w : G]n¬ 27 BsI kn‰nMv : 175

a-¥n-am¿ h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ

1. C.Fw.F-kv-. \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. kn. A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m≥ [-\-Im-cyw

3. Sn.hn. tXm-a-kv- K-Xm-K-Xw, sXm-gn¬

4. sI.kn. tPm¿-Pv- `-£yw, h-\w

5. sI.]n. tKm-]m-e≥ hy-h-km-bw

6. Sn.F. a-Po-Zv s]m-Xp-a-cm-a-Øv-

7. ]n.sI. Nm-Ø≥ X-t±-i kz-bw- -c-Ww

8. tPm-k- v ap-≠-t»-cn hn-Zym- ym-kw, k-l-I-c-Ww

9. sI.B¿. Ku-cn- em≥Uv d-h-\yq

10. hn.B¿. Ir-jv-W-ø¿ \n-b-aw

11. tUm. F.B¿. ta-t\m≥ B-tcm-Kyw

c≠mw \nba-k-1960 s^_p-hcn 22 ˛ 1964 sk]v‰w-_¿ 10

BZy ktΩ-f\w : am¿®v 12 BsI kn‰nMv : 300

c≠mw a¥n-k`1960 s^_p-hcn 22 1962 sk]v‰w-_¿ 26

1. ]´w F. XmWp]n≈ apJya¥n

2. B¿. i¶¿ [\Imcyw

3. ]n.Sn. Nmt°m A`y¥cw

4. sI.F. ZmtamZctat\m≥ hyhkmbw

5. ]n.]n. DΩ¿tImb hnZym`ymkw

6. sI.Sn. ANypX≥ KXmKXw, sXmgn¬

7. C.]n. ]utemkv `£yw, Irjn

8. hn.sI. the∏≥ BtcmKyw, hnZyp-—‡n (1962 HmKÃv 26 hsc)

9. sI. Ip™ºp lcnPt\m≤mcWw, cPn-kvtS-j≥

10. Un. ZmtamZc≥ t]m‰n s]mXpacmaØv

11. sI. NµtiJc≥ \nbaw, dh\yp

H∂mw a¥n-k`1957 G]n¬ 5 ˛ 1959 Pqembv 31

7

C.Fw.-F-kv.\ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

]´w F. XmWp-]n≈

A©mw a¥n-k`1969 \hw_¿ H∂v˛ 1970 HmKÃv H∂v

1. kn. ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥ apJya¥n

2. ]n. cho-µ≥ hyh-km-bw, sXmgn¬

3. sI.Sn. tP°_v dh\yq

4. kn.F-®v. apl-ΩZv tImb B`y-¥cw, hnZym- ymkw

5. sI. A-hp-°m-Z¿ Ip-ń \-l Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

6. F≥.-sI. tij≥ [\Imcyw (1970 G]n¬ c≠n\v cmPn-h®p)

7. H. tImc≥ Pk-tk-N-\w, Irjn (1970 HmKÃv H∂n\v cmPn-h®p)

8. sI.Fw. tPm¿Pv KXm-K-Xw, BtcmKyw

aq∂mw \nba-k-1967 am¿®v aq∂v 1970 Pq¨ 26

BZy ktΩ-f\w : am¿®v 15, BsI kn‰nMv : 211,

\memw a¥n-k`1967 am¿®v Bdv ˛ 1969 \hw-_¿ H∂v

1. C.Fw.F-kv. \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. sI.B¿. Ku-cn d-h-\yq

3. C.sI. C-ºn-®n-_m-h K-Xm-K-Xw

4. Fw.sI. Ir-jv-W≥ h-\w, l-cn-P-\-t£-aw

5. ]n.B¿. Ip-dp-∏v P-e-tk-N-\w, k-l-I-c-Ww (1968 H-tŒm-_¿ 21 hsc)

6. ]n.sI. Ip-™v [-\-Im-cyw (1969 ta-bv 13\v cm-Pn-h-®p)

7. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b hn-Zym-`ym-kw (1969 H-tŒm-_¿ 21 \v cm-Pn-h-®p)

8. Fw.]n.Fw. A-l-Ω-Zv Ip-cn-°ƒ ]-©m-b-Øv (1968 H-tŒm-_¿ 24 \v cm-Pn-h-®p)

9. Fw.F≥. tKm-hn-µ≥ \m-b¿ Ir-jn, hn-Zyp-—-‡n (1969 H-tŒm-_¿ 21 \v cm-Pn-h-®p)

10. Sn.hn. tXm-a-kv hy-h-km-bw (1969 H-tŒm-_¿ 21 \v cm-Pn-h-®p)

11. _n. sh-√nw-Kv-S¨ B-tcm-Kyw (1969 H-tŒm-_¿ 21 \v cm-Pn-h-®p)

12. Sn.sI. Zn-hm-I-c≥ s]m-Xp-a-cm-a-Øv (1969 H-tŒm-_¿ 21 \v cm-Pn-h-®p)

13. a-Øm-bn am-™q-cm≥ sXm-gn¬

14. sI. A-hp-°m-Z¿ Ip-ń \-l ]-©m-b-Øv (1968 \hw-_¿ H≥]Xp apX¬)

aq∂mw a¥nk-1962 sk]vXw-_¿ 26 1964 sk]vXw-_¿ 10

1. B¿. i¶¿ apJya¥n

2. ]n.Sn. Nmt°m B`y¥cw (1964 s^_p-hcn 20 cmPn-h-®p)

3. sI.F. ZmtamZc tat\m≥ hyhkmbw, Xt±ikzbw`cWw

4. ]n.]n. DΩ¿tImb s]mXpacmaØv

5. sI.Sn. ANypX≥ KXmKXw, sXmgn¬

6. C.]n. ]utemkv `£yw, Irjn

7. sI. Ip™ºp lcnPt\m≤mcWw

8. Un. ZmtamZc≥ t]m‰n s]mXpacmaØv (1962 HtŒm-_¿ Fń\v cmPn-h-®p)

9. sI. NµtiJc≥ \nbaw, dh\yp (1962 HtŒm-_¿ Fń\v cmPn-h-®p)

10. Fw.]n. tKmhnµ≥ \mb¿ s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKyw (1962 HtŒm-_¿ H≥]Xp apX¬)

11. Sn.F. sXmΩ≥ \nbaw, dh\yp (1964 am¿®v c≠v apX¬)

tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k- -I-fpsS tcJm-NnXw

8

B¿.-i-¶¿

C.Fw.-F-kv.

\ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

kn. ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥

\memw \nba-k-1970 HtŒm-_¿ \mev ˛ 1977 am¿®v 22

BZy ktΩ-f\w : HtŒm-_¿ 22 BsI kn‰nMv : 32

Bdmw a¥n-k`1970 HtŒm-_¿ \mev ˛ 1977 am¿®v 25

1. kn. ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥ apJya¥n

2. F≥.-C. _-me-dmw hy-h-km-b-w (1971 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ 24 \v cmPn-h-®p)

3. ]n.sI. cm-L-h≥ lcn-P-\-t£aw, h\w (1971 sk]v‰w-_¿ 24 \v cmPn-h-®p)

4. ]n.F-kv. io-\n-hm-k≥ K-Xm-K-Xw, ssh-Zyp-Xn (1971 sk]v‰w-_¿ 24 \v cmPn-h-®p)

5. Sn.sI. Zn-hm-I-c≥ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv, Sq-dn-kw (1976 P-\p-h-cn 19 hsc)

6. t_-_n tPm¨ d-h-\yq, sXmgn¬

7. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b hn-Zym-`ym-kw, B`y-¥cw (1973 am¿-®v H∂n\v cm-Pn-sh-®p)

8. sI. A-hp-°m-Z¿ Ip-ń \-l `£yw, Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

9. F≥.sI. _m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ B-tcm-Kyw, Irjn

10. Fw.-F≥. tKm-hn-µ≥ \m-b¿ K-Xm-K-Xw, ssh-Zyp-Xn (1971 sk]v‰w-_¿ 25 apX¬)

11. Sn-hn tXm-a-kv hy-h-km-bw (1971 sk]v‰w-_¿ 25 apX¬)

12. sI. I-cp-Wm-I-c≥ `h\w (1971 sk]v‰w-_¿ 25 apX¬)

13. sI.Sn tPm¿-Pv [-\-Im-cyw

14. h-°w _n. ]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥ Ir-jn-, sXmgn¬

15. tUm. sI.Pn. ASn-tbmSn h-\w, `£yw

16. hn. Cu®-c≥ l-cn-P\t£-aw, km-aq-ln-I hn-I-k-\w

17. t]mƒ ]n. am-Wn -£y˛s]mXp-hn-X-cWw (1972 sabv 16 apX¬)

18. Nmt°cn A-l-Ω-Zv Ip- n hnZym- ymkw (1972 am¿®v c≠p apX¬)

19. sI.Fw. am-Wn [-\-Im-cyw (1975 Unkw-_¿ 26 apX¬)

20. B¿. _m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈ K-Xm-K-Xw (1975 Unkw-_¿ 26 apX¬)

21. sI. ]¶-Pm-£≥ s]m-Xp-a-cm-a-Øv (1976 s^_p-hcn \mev apX¬)

22. sI.Fw. tPm¿-Pv K-Xm-K-Xw (1976 Un-kw-_¿ 11 hsc)23. sI. \m-cm-b-W Ip-dp-∏v K-Xm-K-Xw (1977 P\p-hcn 26 apX¬)

A©mw \nba-k-1977 am¿®v 22 ˛ 1979 \hw-_¿ 30


Ggmw a¥n-k`1977 am¿®v 25˛1977 G]n¬ 25

1. sI. I-cp-Wm-I-c≥ ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. sI.sI. _m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ l-cn-P\t£-aw

3. Fw.sI. tl-a-N-µ-≥ [-\-Im-cyw

4. D-Ω≥ Nm-≠n sXmgn¬

5. sI.Fw. am-Wn `h\w

6. sI. i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥ Ir-jn

7. sI. \m-cm-b-W Ip-dp-∏v K-Xm-K-Xw

8. C. tPm¨ tP-°-_v -£y˛s]mXp-hn-X-cWw


10. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b hnZym- ymkw

11. ]n.sI. hm-kp-tZ-h≥ \m-b¿ hy-h-km-bw

12. sP. NnØ-c-RvP≥ s]m-Xp-P-\m-tcm-Kyw

13. Im¥-tem´v Ip™ºp h-\w

14. t_-_n tPm¨ d-h-\yq

15. sI. ]¶-Pm-£≥ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv


9

kn. ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥

sI. I-cp-Wm-I-c≥

F´mw a¥n-k`

1977 G-]n¬ 27- ˛ 1978 H-tŒm-_¿ 27

1. F.sI B‚-Wn ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. sI.sI. _m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ lcn-P-\-t£aw

3. Fw.sI. tl-a-N-µ-≥ [-\-Im-cyw

4. D-Ω≥ Nm-≠n te-_¿

5. sI i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥ Ir-jn

6. sI.Fw am-Wn B`y-¥cw (1977 Unkw-_¿ 21 \v cmPn-h-®p

XpS¿∂v 1978 sk]v‰w-_¿ 16 \v ]Z-hn-bn¬ Xncn-s®Øn)

7. sI \m-cm-b-W Ip-dp-∏v K-Xm-K-Xw

8. C. tPm¨ tP-°-_v `-£y kn-hn¬ k-ssπ-kv


10. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b hnZym-`ymkw (1977 Unkw-_¿ 20 \v cmPn-h-®p

XpS¿∂v 1978 HtŒm-_¿ \men\v ]Z-hn-bn¬ Xncn-s®Øn)

11. ]n.sI. hm-kp-tZ-h≥ \m-b¿ hy-h-km-b-ß-fpw

12. sP. NnØ-c-RvP≥ s]m-Xp-P-\m-tcm-Kyw

13. Im¥-tem´v Ip™ºp h-\w

14. t_-_n tPm¨ d-h-\yq

15. sI. ]¶-Pm-£≥ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

16. ]n-.sP. tPm-k- v B`y-¥cw (1978 sk]vXw-_¿ 15 \v cmPn-h-®p)

17. bp.F. _ocm≥ hn-Zym- ym-kw (1978 HtŒm-_¿ aq∂n\v cmPn-h-®p)

18. Sn.F-kv. tPm¨ `-£yw, kn-hn¬ k-ssπ-kv (1978 HtŒm-_¿ 19\v apX¬)

H≥]Xmw a¥n-k`1978 H-tŒm-_¿ 29 1979 H-tŒm-_-¿ Fgv

1. ]n.sI. hm-kp-tZ-h≥ \m-b¿ ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. sP. NnØ-c-RvP≥ s]m-Xp-P-\m-tcm-Kyw (1978 \hw-_¿ 18\v cmPn-h-®p)

3. Im¥-tem v Ip™ºp h-\w (1978 \hw-_¿ 18\v cmPn-h-®p)

4. Zm-tam-Z-c≥ Imfm-t»cn lcn-P-t\m-±m-cWw

5. F.F¬. tP-°-_v Ir-jn

6. Fw.sI. cm-L-h≥ sXm-gn¬, lu-kn-Mv

7. F-kv. h-c-Z-cm-P≥ \m-b¿ [-\-Im-cyw

8. sI. A-hp-°m-Z¿ Ip-ń \-l Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw (1978 Unkw-_¿ H≥]Xp apX¬)

9. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b hnZym- ymkw

10. Sn.F-kv. tPm¨ `-£y kn-hn¬ k-ssπ-kv

11. sI.Fw. am-Wn `h\w (1979 Pqsse 26\v cmPn-h-®p)

12. sI. \m-cm-b-W Ip-dp-∏v K-Xm-K-Xw

13. t_-_n tPm¨ d-h-\yq, k-l-I-c-Ww

14. sI. ]¶-Pm-£≥ ImbnIw, s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

15. sI.]n. ]-`m-I-c≥ s]m-Xp-P-\m-tcm-Kyw (1978 \hw-_¿ 18 apX¬)

18. ]n.F-kv io-\n-hm-k≥ hy-h-km-b h-\w (1978 \hw-_¿ 18 apX¬)

]Ømw a¥n-k`1979 H-tŒm-_¿ 12 ˛ 1979 Un-kw-_¿ H∂v

1. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. F≥.sI. _m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv, Ir-jn

3. F≥. m-kv-I-c≥ \m-b¿ [-\-Im-cyw, B-tcm-Ky-w

4. F. \oe-tem-ln-X-Zm-k≥ \m-Sm¿ sXm-gn¬, h\w

5. sP. Nm-t°m d-h-\yq, k-l-I-c-Ww6. sI.F am-Xyp hy-h-km-bw, h-\w


10

F.sI B‚-Wn

]n.sI. hm-kp-tZ-h≥ \m-b¿

kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b

Bdmw \nba-k-1980 P\p-hcn 25 ˛ 1982 am¿®v 17

BZy ktΩ-f\w : s^_p-hcn 15 BsI kn‰nMv : 112

]Xn-s\m∂mw a¥n-k`1980 P\p-hcn 25˛1981 HtŒm-_¿ 20

1. C.sI. \m-b-\m¿ ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. sI.B¿. Ku-cn Ir-jn, kmaq-lnI t£aw

3. Fw.sI. Ir-jv-W≥ l-cn-P\t£aw

4. Sn.sI. cm-a-Ir-jv-W≥ B`y-¥cw

5. C. N-µ-ti-J-c≥ \m-b¿ `-£yw, kn-hn¬ k-ssπ-kv

6. ]n.F-kv. io-\n-hm-k≥ d-h-\yq, a’y_-‘-\w

7. tUm. F. kp-∫ dm-hp P-e-tk-N-\w

8. B-cym-S≥ ap-l-Ω-Zv sXm-gn¬, h-\w (1981 H-tŒm-_¿ 16 \v cm-Pn-h®p)

9. ]n-.kn. Nm-t°m hy-h-km-bw (1981 H-tŒm-_¿ 16 \v cm-Pn-h®p)

10. h-°w _n. ]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥ B-tcm-Kyw, hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-cw (1981 H-tŒm-_¿ 16 \v cm-Pn-h®p)

11. F.kn. jäp-J-Zmkv ImbnIw (1981 H-tŒm-_¿ 16 \v cm-Pn-h®p)

12. t_-_n tPm¨ hnZym- ymkw

13. B¿.-F-kv. D-Æn Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

14. tem-\-∏≥ \ºm-S≥ K-Xm-K-Xw

15. sI.Fw. am-Wn [-\-Im-cyw \n-b-aw

16. B¿. _m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈ ssh-Zyp-Xn

17. ]n.Fw. A-_q-_-°-¿ s]m-Xp-a-cm-a-Øv

]¥≠mw a¥n-k`1981 - Un-kw-_¿ 28 ˛ 1982 am¿-®v 17


2. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b D-]-ap-Jy-a-¥n

3. ]n-.sP. tPm-k- v d-h-\yq, hn-Zym- ym-kw

4. sI.Fw. am-Wn [\-Im-cyw, \nbaw

5. D-Ω≥ Nm-≠n B`y-¥cw

6. sI. in-h-Zm-k≥ sXmgn¬

7. kn.Fw. kp-µ-cw Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

8. B¿. kpµ-tc-i≥ \m-b¿ B-tcm-Kyw & Sq-dn-kw

Ggmw \nba-k-1982 tabv 24 ˛ 1987 am¿®v 25

BZy ktΩ-f\w : Pq¨ 24 BsI kn‰nMv : 249

]Xn-aq∂mw a¥n-k` ------------1982 tabv 24˛ 1987 am¿®v 25


2. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b D-]-ap-Jy-a-¥n (1983 sk]v‰w-_¿ 28 hsc)

3. sI.sI. _m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ K-Xm-K-Xw (1983 Hm-K-Ãv 29 \v cm-Pnh®p)

4. Fw.-]n. Kw-Km-[-c≥ P-e-tk-N-\w (1986 am¿-®v 12 \v cm-Pnh®p)

5. kn.hn. ]-fl-cm-P≥ kmaq-lnI t£aw (1983 Hm-K-Ãv 29 \v cm-Pnh®p)

6. kn-dn-b-Iv tPm¨ Ir-jn (1983 Hm-K-Ãv 29 \v cm-Pnh®p)

7. sI.]n. \qdp-±o≥ h-\w


11

C.sI. \m-b-\m¿

sI. I-cp-Wm-I-c≥

sI. I-cp-Wm-I-c≥

8. h-b-em¿ c-hn B`y-¥cw (1986 sa-bv 24 \v cm-Pn-sh-®p)

9. C. A-l-Ω-Zv hy-h-km-bw

10. bp.F. _ocm≥ `-£y kn-hn¬ k-ssπ-kv

11. Sn.Fw. tP-°-_v hnZym- ymkw

12. ]n-.sP. tPm-k- v d-h-\yq

13. B¿. _m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈ ssh-Zyp-Xn

(1985 Pq¨ A©n\v cm-Pn-sh-®v 1986 sa-bv 25 \v ]-Z-hn-bn-se-Øn)

14. sI.Fw am-Wn [-\-Im-cyw, \n-b-aw

15. Fw. I-a-ew kl-I-cWw

16. sI.Pn.-B¿. I¿Ø B-tcm-Kyw (1983 Hm-K-Ãv 29 \v cm-Pnh®p)

17. F≥ io-\n-hm-k≥ F-Iv-ssk-kv (1986 sa-bv 30 \v cm-Pnh®p)

18. sI in-h-Zm-k≥ te-_¿

19. kn.Fw. kp-µ-cw Xt±i-kz-bw- -cWw

20. F.sF. tP-°-_v Ir-jn (1983 sk]v‰w-_¿ H∂p apX¬)

21. F≥. kpµ-c≥ \m-Sm¿ K-Xm-K-Xw (1983 sk]v‰w-_¿ H∂p apX¬)

22. ]n.sI. th-em-bp-[≥ kmaq-ln-I-hn-I-k\w (1983 sk]v‰w-_¿ H∂p apX¬)

23. sI.]n. cm-a-N-µ≥ \m-b¿ B-tcm-Kyw (1985 sabv 29\v cmPn-h-®p)

24. sI. A-hp-°m-Z¿ Ip-ń \-l D-]-ap-Jy-a-¥n (1983 HtŒm-_¿ 24 apX¬)

25. X®Sn ]- m-I-c≥ [-\-Im-cyw (1986 Pq¨ A©p apX¬ 1987 am¿®v A©p hsc)

26. c-ta-iv sN-∂n-Ø-e Km-a-hn-I-k-\w (1986 Pq¨ A©p apX¬)

F´mw \nba-k-1987 am¿-®v 25 ˛- 1991 G]n¬ A©v


]Xn-\memw a¥n-k`1987 am¿®v 26 ˛ 1991 Pq¨ 17

1. C.sI. \m-b-\m¿ ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. t_-_n tPm¨ P-e-tk-N-\w

3. sI. N-µ-ti-J-c≥ hn-Zym- ym-kw, \nbaw

4. C. N-µ-ti-J-c≥ \m-b¿ -£y˛s]mXp-hn-X-cWw

5. sI.B¿. Ku-cn A-Ω hy-h-km-bw

6. Sn.sI. lw-k s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

7. tem-\-∏≥ \ºm-S≥ `h\w

8. F. \oe-tem-ln-X-Zm-k≥ \m-Sm¿ kv-t]m¿-Sv-kv, bp-h-P-\-Im-cyw

9. sI. ]¶-Pm-£≥ sXmgn¬

10. ]n.sI. cm-L-h≥ ]- n-I-Pm-Xn ]- n-I-h¿K hn-I-k-\w

11. hn.hn. cm-L-h≥ Ir-jn

12. Sn.sI. cm-a-Ir-jv-W≥ kl-I-c-Ww, a’y _-‘-\w

13. sI. i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W ]n-≈ K-Xm-K-Xw

14. F.kn. jäpJZm-kv B-tcm-Kyw

15. Sn. inh-Zmk ta-t\m≥ ssh-Zyp-Xn, Km-a-hn-I-k-\w

16. ]n.F-kv io-\n-hm-k≥ d-h-\yq, Sq-dn-kw

17. hn.sP. X-¶-∏≥ Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

18. hn. hn-iz-\m-Y ta-t\m≥ [-\-Im-cyw

19. Fw.]n. ho-tc-µ-Ip-am¿ h-\w (1987G-]n¬ Ggn\v cm-Pnh®p)

20. F≥.Fw. tPm-k- v h-\w (1987 G]n¬ 14 apX¬)


12

C.sI. \m-b-\m¿

H≥]Xmw \nba-k-1991 Pq¨ 21 ˛- 1996 tabv 14

BZy ktΩ-f\w : Pq¨ 29 BsI kn‰nMv : 264

]Xn-\©mw a¥n-k`1991 Pq¨ 24˛1995 am¿®v 16

1. sI I-cp-Wm-I-c≥ ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. kn.Sn. A-l-ΩZmen Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

3. B¿. _m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈ K-Xm-K-Xw

4. ]n.sI.-sI. _m-h s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

5. ]n.]n. tPm¿-Pv Ir-jn

6. Sn.Fw. tP-°-_v P-e-tk-N-\w, kmw-kv-Im-cnIw

7. ]n.sI. Ip-™m-en-°p- n hy-h-km-bw

8. sI.Fw. am-Wn d-h-\yq, \n-b-aw

9. C.Sn. ap-l-Ω-Zv _-jo¿ hnZym`ymkw

10. Sn.F®v ap-kv-X- -£y˛s]m-Xp-hn-X-cWw

11. D-Ω≥ Nm-≠n [-\-Im-cyw (1994 Pq¨ 22 \v cm-Pnh®p)

12. Fw.Sn. ]-Zv-a a’y-_-‘\w

13. kn.hn ]-fl-cm-P≥ hnZyp-—-‡n, I-b¿

14. Fw.hn. cm-L-h≥ klIcWw

15. B¿. cm-a-N-µ≥ \m-b¿ B-tcm-Kyw (1994 Pq¨ A©n\v cmPn-h-®p)

16. F≥. cm-a-Ir-jv-W≥ sXmgn¬

17. Fw.B¿. cLp-N-µ-_m¬ F-Iv-ssk-kv

18. ]-¥-fw kp-[m-I-c≥ ]- n-I-Pm-Xn / ]- n-I-h¿-K hn-I-k-\w

19. sI.]n. hn-iz-\m-Y≥ h-\w & h-\y-Po-hn ((1994 \hw-_¿ 16 \v cm-Pnh®p)

]Xn-\mdmw a¥n-k`1995 am¿-®v 22 ˛ 1996 sa-bv H≥]Xv

1. F.sI. B‚-Wn ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. kn.Sn. A-l-Ω-Zmen s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

3. B-cym-S≥ ap-l-Ω-Zv sXm-gn¬, hnt\m-Z-k-©mcw

4. B¿. _m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈ K-Xm-K-Xw (1995 Pq-sse 28 \v cm-Pn-h-®p)

5. ]n.sI.-sI. _m-h ]-©m-b-Øv, km-aq-lnI-t£-aw

6. Sn.Fw. tP-°-_v P-e-tk-N-\w, kw-kv-Im-cw

7. IS-hq¿ in-h-Zm-k≥ h-\w, Kma-hn-I-k\w

8. Pn. Im¿-Øn-tI-b≥ hnZyp-—‡n

9. ]n.sI Ip-™m-en-°p- n hyh-kmbw

10. sI.Fw am-Wn d-h-\yq, \n-b-aw

11. C.Sn. ap-l-Ω-Zv _-jo¿ hnZym- ymkw

12. Fw.Sn. ]-Zv-a a’y-_-‘\w

13. kn.hn ]-fl-cm-P≥ [-\-Im-cyw

14. ]-¥-fw kp-[m-I-c≥ F-Iv-ssk-kv

15. Fw.hn. cm-L-h≥ klIcWw

16. sI.sI. cm-a-N-µ≥ am-Ã¿ -£y˛s]m-Xp-hn-X-cWw

17. hn.Fw kp-[o-c≥ B-tcm-Kyw

18. ]n.]n. X-¶-®≥ Ir-jn


13

sI. Icp-Wm-I-c≥

F.sI. B‚Wn

]Ømw \nba-k-1996 sabv 14 ˛- 2001 tabv 16

BZy ktΩ-f\w : tabv 29 BsI kn‰nMv : 268

]Xn-t\gmw a¥n-k`1996 tabv 20˛ 2001

1. C.sI. \mb-\m¿ ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. t__n tPm¨ Pe-tk-N-\w, sXmgn¬ (1998 P\p-hcn Ggn\v cmPn-h-®p)

3. C. Nµ-ti-J-c≥ \mb¿ `£yw, hnt\m-Z-k-©mcw

4. sI.C. Ckva-bn¬ dh\yq

5. ]n.sP. tPmk v hnZym- ymkw

6. IrjvW≥ IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬ Irjn (1997 Pq¨ H≥]-Xv apX¬)

7. ]msemfn apl-Ω-ZvIpń X±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

8. sI. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ ]n∂m° t£aw

9. hn.sI. cmP≥ Irjn (1997 tabv 29 \v A¥-cn-®p)

10. Sn.sI. cma-Ir-jvW≥ a’y-_-‘-\w, Kma-hn-I-k\w

11. ]n.B¿. Ipdp∏v h\w, KXm-KXw (1999 P\p-hcn 11 \v cmPn-h-®p)

12. F. \oe-tem-ln-X-Zm-k≥ \mSm¿ h\w, KXm-KXw

(1999 P\p-hcn 20 \v Npa-X-e-tb-‰p. 2000 s^_p-hcn 13\v cmPn-h®p)

13. F.kn. jäp-J-Zmkv Btcm-Kyw, ImbnIw (2000 P\p-hcn 19\v cmPn-h-®p)

14. Sn. inh-Zm-k-ta-t\m≥ [\-Imcyw

15. kpioem tKm]m-e≥ hyh-kmbw

16. ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥ sshZyp-Xn, kl-I-cWw (1998 HtŒm-_¿ 19\v cmPn-h-®p)

17. hn.]n. cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ Pe-tk-N\w, sXmgn¬ (1998 P\p-hcn Ggv apX¬)

18. kn.sI. \mWp h\w, KXm-KXw (2000 s^_p-hcn 17 apX¬)

19. Fkv. i¿a sshZyp-Xn, kl-I-cWw (1998 HtŒm-_¿ 25 apX¬)

20. hn.kn. I_o¿ Btcm-Kyw, ImbnIw (2000 P\p-hcn 19 apX¬)

]Xns\m∂mw \nba-k-2001 sabv 16 ˛- 2006 sabv 12

BZy ktΩ-f\w : Pq¨ A©v BsI kn‰nMv : 257

]Xn-s\´mw a¥n-k`2001 tabv 17˛ 2004 HmKÃv 29

1. F.sI. B‚Wn ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. ]n.sI. Ip™m-en-°pń hyh-km-bw, kmaq-ln-I-t£aw

3. sI.Fw. amWn dh-\yq, \nbaw

4. sI.B¿. Kucn-bΩ Irjn

5. Sn.Fw. tP°_v Pe-tk-N\w

6. _m_p Znhm-I-c≥ sXmgn¬

7. sI._n. KtW-jvIp-am¿ KXm-KXw (2003 am¿®v 10 \v cmPn-h-®p)

8. Fw.hn. cmL-h≥ kl-I-cWw

9. sI. i¶c\mcm-b-W≥ [\-Imcyw, FIvsskkv

10. IS-hq¿ inh-Zm-k≥ sshZypXn

11. Pn. Im¿Øn-tI-b≥ `£yw- -s]m-Xp-hn-X-cWw

12. s]m^. sI.hn. tXmakv a’y-_-‘-\w, hnt\m-Z-k-©mcw

13. Fw.Fw. l≥ C≥^¿ta-j≥, ]m¿e-sa‚dn Imcyw

14. Fw.F. Ip -∏≥ ]n∂m-°-t£aw

15. sI. kp[m-I-c≥ h\w, ImbnIw

16. ]n. i¶-c≥ BtcmKyw


14

C.sI. \mb-\m¿

F.sI. B‚Wn

17. \me-IØv kq∏n hnZym- ymkw

18. sN¿°fw A_vZp≈ Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

19. Fw.sI. ap\o¿ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

20. kn.F- v. tXmakv Kma-hn-I-k\w

21. B¿. _me-Ir-jvW-]n≈ KXm-KXw (2003 am¿®v 10 apX¬)

22. sI. apc-fo-[-c≥ sshZypXn (2004 sabv 15 \v cmPn-h-®p)

]sØm≥]Xmw a¥n-k`2004 HmKÃv 31 ˛ 2006 tabv 12

1. DΩ≥ Nm≠n ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. ]n.sI. Ip™m-en-°pń hyh-kmbw, kmaq-ln-I-t£aw (2005 P\p-hcn \men\v cmPn-h-®p)

3. sI.Fw. amWn dh-\yq, \nbaw

4. sI.B¿. Kucn-bΩ Irjn

5. Fw.hn. cmL-h≥ kl-I-cWw

6. h°w _n. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ [\-Imcyw

7. Bcym-S≥ aplΩZv sshZypXn

8. sI.]n. hniz-\m-Y≥ h\w (2005 s^_p-hcn H≥]-Xn\v cmPn-h-®p)

9. sI.sI. cma-N-µ≥ amÃ¿ BtcmKyw (2006 P\p-hcn 14 \v cmPn-h-®p)

10. Xncp-h-©q¿ cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Pe-hn- hw

11. ASq¿ ]Imiv `£y- -s]m-Xp-hn-XcWw

12. sUman-\nIv ]k-t‚-j≥ a’y-_-‘\w, ImbnIw

13. sI.kn. thWp-tKm-]m¬ hnt\m-Z-k-©mcw, tZhkzw

14. F≥. i‡≥ KXm-KXw

15. F.]n. A\n¬Ip-am¿ ]n∂m-°-t£aw

16. C.Sn. apl-ΩZv _jo¿ hnZym- ymkw

17. Ipń AΩZv Ipń Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

18. tUm. Fw.sI. ap\o¿ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

19. kn.F- v. tXmakv Kma-hn-I-k\w

20. _m_p Znhm-I-c≥ sXmgn¬

21. hn.sI. C_mlnw Ip™v hyh-kmbw (2005 P\p-hcn Bdp apX¬

22. F. kpP-\-]m¬ h\w (2006 P\p-hcn \mev apX¬)

]-¥-≠mw \n-b-ak-2006 sa-bv- 13 ˛ 2011 sa-bv- 14

B-Zy k-tΩ-f-\w : sa-bv- 24 B-sI kn-‰nMv : -253

C-cp-]-Xmw a-¥n-k-2006 sa-bv- 18 ˛ 2011 sa-bv- 14

1. hn.F-kv. A-Nyp-Xm-\-µ≥ ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. tIm-Sn-tb-cn _m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ A-`y-¥-cw, hn-Pn-e≥-kv, Sq-dn-kw

3. tXm-a-kv sF-k-°v [-\-Im-cyw

4. F-f-a-cw I-cow hy-h-km-bw

5. sI.]n. cm-tP-µ≥ -dh-\yq

6. ap-√-°-c c-Xv-\m-I-c≥ Ir-jn

7. Pn. kp-[m-I-c≥ k-l-I-c-Ww

8. cm-a-N-µ≥ I-S-∂-∏-≈n tZ-h-kzw(2009 Hm-K-Ãv 17 ap-X¬)

9. ]n.sI. Kp-cp-Zm-k≥ sXm-gn¬, G-Iv-ssk-kv

10. F≥.sI. t]-a-N-µ≥ P-e-tk-N-\w

11. am-Xyp Sn. tXm-a-kv K-Xm-K-Xw (2009 am¿-®v 20 h-sc)

12. tPm-kv sX-‰-bn¬ K-Xm-K-Xw (2009 Hm-K-Ãv 17 ap-X¬)


15

DΩ≥ Nm≠n

hn.F-kv. ANyp-Xm-\µ≥

13. kn. Zn-hm-I-c≥ -£yw, s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-Ww

14. ]n.sP. tPm-k- v s]m-Xp-a-cm-a-Øv (2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ \mev h-sc,C-S-th-f-°p ti-jw 2009 Hm-K-Ãv 17 ap-X¬ 2010 G-]n¬ 30 h-sc)

15. Sn.bp. Ip-cp-hn-f s]m-Xp-a-cm-a-Øv

(2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ 15 ap-X¬ 2007 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ \mev h-sc)

16. tam≥-kv tPm-k- v s]m-Xp-a-cm-a-Øv (2007 H-tŒm-_¿ 18 ap-X¬ 2009 Hm-K-Ãv 16 h-sc)

17. F.sI. _m-e≥ hn-Zyp-—-‡n, ]- n-I-Pm-Xn- ]- n-I-h¿-K hn-I-k-\w

18. _n-t\m-bv- hn-izw h-\w, h-\y-Po-hn kw-c-£-Ww

19. Fw.F. t_-_n hn-Zym- ym-kw, kmw-kv-Im-cn-Iw

20. ]m-tem-fn ap-l-Ω-Zv Ip- n X-t±-i-kz-bw- -c-Ww

21. Fw. hn-P-b-Ip-am¿ \n-b-aw, Im-bn-I-cw-Kw,

22. F-kv. i¿a a¬-ky-_-‘-\w

23. ]n.sI. io-a-Xn B-tcm-Kyw, Ip-Spw-_-t£-aw

24. hn. kp-tc-µ≥ ]n-≈ Xp-d-ap-Jw, bp-h-P-\-Im-cyw (2010 Hm-K-Ãv aq∂v ap-X¬)

]-Xn-aq-∂mw \n-b-ak-2011 sa-bv- 14 ˛ 2016

B-Zy k-tΩ-f-\w Pq¨ H-∂v B-sI kn-‰nMvv -237

C-cp-]-Øn-H-∂mw a-¥n-k-2011 sa-bv- 18 ap-X¬ 2016

1. D-Ω≥ Nm-≠n ap-Jy-a-¥n

2. c-ta-iv sN-∂n-Ø-e B-`y-¥-cw, hn-Pn-e≥-kv, P-bn¬ (2014 P\p-hcn H∂p apX¬)

3. sI.Fw. am-Wn [-\-Im-cyw, \n-b-aw, -h-\-\n¿-am-Ww (2015 H-tŒm-_¿ 11 \p cm-Pn-h-®p)

4. ]n.sI. Ip-™m-en-°p- n hy-h-km-bw, hm-Wn-Pyw, sF.Sn., ssa-\n-ßv B‚ v Pn-tbm-f-Pn,

5. ]n.sI. A-–p-d-∫v hn-Zym- ym-kw

6. B-cym-S≥ ap-l-Ω-Zv ssh-Zyp-Xn, K-Xm-K-Xw, sd-bn¬-th

7. A-Sq¿ ]-Im-iv d-h-\yq,I-b¿

8. jn-_p t_-_n tPm¨ sXm-gn¬,]p-\-c-[n-hm-kw

9. hn.F-kv. in-h-Ip-am¿ B-tcm-Kyw, tZ-h-kzw

10. hn.sI. C-_m-lnw-Ip-™v s]m-Xp-a-cm-a-Øv

11. sI.]n. tam-l-\≥ Ir-jn, ar-K-kw-c-£-Ww

12. ]n.sP. tPm-k- v P-e-tk-N-\w, P-e-hn- -hw

13. tUm. Fw.sI. ap-\o¿ ]-©m-b-Øv, km-aq-ln-I-\o-Xn

14. F.]n. A-\n¬ Ip-am¿ hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-cw,]- n-I-Pm-Xn ]n-t∂m-° hn- m-K t£-aw

15. sI.kn. tPm-k- v Km-a-hn-I-k-\w, c-Pn-kv-tS-j≥, kmw-kv-Im-cn-Iw

16. kn.F≥. _m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ k-l-I-c-Ww, Jm-Zn, Km-a-hy-h-km-bw

17. a-™-fmw-Ip-gn A-en \Kc Imcyw, \yq-\-]-£-t£-aw

18. sI. _m-_p F-Iv-ssk-kv, Xp-d-ap-Jw, lm¿-_¿ F-©n-\o-b-dn-ßv

19. ]n.sI. P-b-e-£v-an bp-h-P-\ Im-cyw, ]-ń-I h¿-Kw

20. A-\q-]v tP-°-_v `-£yw, kn-hn¬ k-ssπ-kv (2012 G-]n¬ 12 ap-X¬)

21. Xn-cp-h-©q¿ cm-[m-Ir-jv-W≥ h-\w, K-Xm-K-Xw, ]-cn-ÿn-Xn, Im-bn-Iw, kn-\n-a

22. Sn.Fw. tP-°-_v `-£yw, kn-hn¬ k-ssπ-kv (2011 H-tŒm-_¿ 30 h-sc )

23. sI._n. K-tW-jv Ip-am¿ h-\w ,Im-bn-Iw ,kn-\n-a (2013 G-]n¬ 2 h-sc )


Xbm-dm-°n-bXv:

\m-^n-lv. Fw

kXn-Ip-am¿. Sn.Fk v

16

-D-Ω≥ Nm-≠n

tIcf Kh¿W¿am¿

1. tUm-. _n. cm-a-Ir-jv-W dm-hp 1956 \-hw-_¿ 22 ˛ 1960 Pq-sse H∂v

2. hn.hn. Kn-cn 1960 Pqsse H∂v 1965 G]n¬ c≠v

3. A-Pn-Xv ]-km-Zv sP-bn≥ 1965 G]n¬ c≠v ˛ 1966 s^_p-hcn Bdv

4. -K-hm≥ k-lm-bv 1966 s^_p-hcn Bdv ˛ 1967 sabv 15

5. hn. hn-iz-\m-Y≥ 1967 tabv 15 ˛ 1973 G]n¬ H∂v

6. F≥.F≥. hm-©p 1973 -G-]n¬ H∂v 1977 H-tŒm-_¿ 10

7. tPym-Xn sh¶-Sm-New 1977 - H-tŒm-_¿ 14 ˛ 1982 H-tŒm-_¿ 27

8. ]n. cm-a-N-µ≥ 1982 H-tŒm-_¿ 27 ˛ 1988 s^-_p-h-cn 23

9. cmw Zpemcn kn≥-l 1988 s^-_p-h-cn 23 ˛ 1990 s^-_p-h-cn 12

10. kz-cq-]v knMv 1990 s^-_p-h-cn 12 ˛- 1990 Un-kw-_¿ 20

11. _n. cm®ø 1990 Un-kw-_¿ 20 ˛ 1995 -\-hw-_¿ H≥]Xv

12. ]n. inh-i-¶¿ 1995 \-hw-_¿ 12, -˛ 1996 ta-bv H∂v

13. Jp¿-jn-Zv B-ew Jm≥ 1996 ta-bv A©v ˛- 1997 P-\p-h-cn 25

14. kp-Jv-tZ-hv kn-Mv Im-Mv 1997 P-\p-h-cn 25 ˛- 2002 G-]n¬ 18

15. kn-°-µ¿ _‡v 2002 G-]n¬ 18 ˛ 2004 s^-_p-h-cn 23

16. Sn.F≥. N-Xp¿-th-Zn 2004 s^-_p-h-cn 25 ˛ 2004 Pq¨ 23

17. B¿.-F¬ m- n-b 2004 Pq¨ 23 2008 Pq-sse H≥]Xv

18. B¿-.F-kv. Khmbv 2008 Pq-sse 10 ˛ 2011 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ Ggv

19. Fw.H.F-®v. -dq-Jv 2011 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ F´v ˛- 2012 P-\p-h-cn 26

20. F®v.-B¿. `-c-Zzm-Pv (A[nI Npa-Xe) 2012 P-\p-h-cn 26 ˛ 2013 am¿-®v 23

21. \n-Jn¬ Ip-am¿ 2013 am¿-®v 23 2014 am¿-®v F´v

22. F®v.-B¿. `-c-Zzm-Pv (A[nI Npa-Xe) 2014 am¿-®v F´v ˛ 2014 am¿-®v 11

23. jo-em Zo-£n-Xv 2014 -am¿-®v 11 ˛ 2014 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ \mev

24. ]f-\n-kman k-Zm-in-hw 2014 - sk-]v-‰w-_¿ A©v (XpS-cp-∂p)

tIcf \nb-a-k`m kv]o°¿am¿

1. B¿. i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥ X-ºn 1957 G-]n¬ 27 ˛ 1959 Pq-sse 31

2. sI.Fw. ko-Xn km-ln-_v 1960 am¿-®v 12 ˛ 1961 G-]n¬ 17

3. kn.F-®v. ap-l-Ω-Zv tIm-b 1961 Pq¨ H≥]Xv ˛- 1961 \-hw-_¿ 10

4. A-e-Iv-km-≠¿ ]-d-ºn-Ø-d 1961 - Un-kw-_¿ 13 ˛ 1964 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ 10

5. Un. Zm-tam-Z-c≥ t]m-‰n 1967 am¿-®v 15 ˛ 1970 H-tŒm-_¿ 21

6. sI. sambvXo≥Ipń lm-Pn 1970 H-tŒm-_¿ 22 - 1975 ta-bv F´v

7. Sn.F-kv. tPm¨ 1976 s^-_p-h-cn 17 ˛ 1977 am¿-®v 25

8. N°ocn Al-Ω-ZvIpń 1977 -am¿-®v 28 ˛ 1980 s^-_p-h-cn 14

9. F.]n. Ip-cy≥ 1980 -s^-_p-h-cn 15 ˛ 1982 s^-_p-h-cn H∂v

10. F.kn. tPm-kv 1982 s^-_p-h-cn aq∂v ˛ - 1982 Pq¨ 23

11. h-°w _n. ]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥ 1982Pq¨ 24 1984 Un-kw-_¿ 28

12. hn.Fw. kp-[o-c≥ 1985 am¿-®v F´v ˛ - 1987 am¿-®v 27

13. h¿-°-e cm-[m-Ir-jv-W≥ 1987 am¿-®v 30 ˛ - 1991 Pq¨ 28

14. ]n.]n. X-¶-®≥ 1991 Pq-sse H∂v 1995- ta-bv aq∂v

15. tX-d-ºn¬ cm-a-Ir-jv-W≥ 1995 Pq¨ 27- ˛ 1996 ta-bv 28

16. Fw. hnP-b-Ip-am¿ 1996 ta-bv 30 ˛ 2001 Pq¨ \mev

17. h-°w _n. ]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥ 2001 Pq¨ Bdv ˛ 2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ \mev

18. tX-d-ºn¬ cm-a-Ir-jv-W≥ 2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ 16 ˛ 2006 ta-bv 24

19. sI. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ 2006 sa-bv 25- ˛ 2011 ta-bv 31

20. Pn. Im¿-Øn-tI-b≥ 2011 Pq¨ c≠v ˛- 2015 am¿-®v Ggv

21. F≥. i-‡≥- 2015 - am¿-®v 12 ˛ 2016


17

tI-c-fw h-‰n h-c-≠p-W-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p F-∂p ]-d-bm≥ C-\n B¿-°pw a-Sn-bp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂p tXm-∂p-∂n√.Ip-Sn sh-≈w In-´m-°-\n B-bn-cn-°p-∂p. B-tKm-f Xm-]-\-tØ-bpw Im-em-h-ÿm am-‰-tØ-bpw ]-‰n ]-d-bp-∂XvASp -Ø-Imew hsc ]ecpw]p—tØmsS ho£n-®n-cp-∂p. A-h-cn¬ Nn-e-sc-¶n-epw C-t∏mƒ I-Sp-Ø]-cn-ÿn-Xn hm-Zn-I-fm-bn- p-ap-≠v, \-√Xv.

a-lm-cm-„-bn¬ \n-∂pw sa-bv am-k-Øn-se C-¥y≥ ]o-an-b¿ eo-Kv In-°-‰v am-®p-Iƒ am-‰-W-sa-∂p-≈ ap-ss_ ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bp-sS D-Ø-c-hm-W-t√m tZ-io-b X-e-Øn¬ C-t∏mƒkw-km-c-hn-j-bam-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. c-≠m-gv-N k-a-bw In-°-‰v A-[n-Ir-X¿-°v\¬-In-bn-´p-ap≠v. Cu am-®p-Iƒ am-‰p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p am-Xw hn-Z¿-`m Pn-√-bn-se, em-Øq-cn-se H-s° P-e-£m-a-Øn-\v ]-cn-lm-cap-≠m-In-s√-∂p tIm-S-Xn X-s∂ ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v In-°-‰v ]n-®v \-\-°m≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ sh-≈wA-hn-S-sØ P-em-h-iy-hp-am-bn X- n-®pt\m-°p-tºmƒ h-f-sc Ip-d-hm-Wv. F-¶n-epw Cu hn-[n cm-Py-sØ `-c-W-I¿-Øm-°-fp-tS-bpw am-[y-a-ß-fp-tS-bpwi-≤ "h-cƒ-®' F-∂ hn-j-b-Øn-te-°p Xn-cn-®p-hn-Sm≥ k-lm-b-I-am-bn. cm-Py-sØ k-º-∂-X-bp-sS-bpw B¿- m-S-Øn-s‚-bpw Nn-”-am-bn sF.]n.F¬am-dn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Hm-tcm So-an-\pwth-≠n Im-Wn-Iƒ tÃ-Uo-b-Øn¬B¿-Øp hn-fn-°p-∂-Xpw A¿-[-\-Kv-\mw-Kn-I-fm-b kv-Xo-Iƒ \r-Øw sN-øp-∂-Xpw Im-Wp-∂ B¿-°pw tIm-Sn-°-W-°n-\p a-\p-jy¿ H-cp Xp-≈n sh-≈w In- m-sX Zp-cn-X-a-\p- -hn-°p-∂ Im-cyw k-Xy-am-sW-∂v tXm-∂p-I-tb-bn-√.F∂m¬ F-¥m-Wv a-lm-cm-„-bn-seKm-a-ß-fn-se A-h-ÿ?

Cu ASp-Ø Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ A-hn-sS Pn-√m I-fŒ¿ In-an-\¬ N- -]-Im-cw 144 ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv "P-e-I-em-]w' X-S-bm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. c-≠p h¿-j-am-bn A-hn-sS a-g Im-cy-am-bn In-´p-∂n-√. BK-a-ß-fn-se Um-ap-I-sf-√mw X-s∂ h-‰n h-c-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn hn-f-Iƒ \-in-® I¿-j-I¿ Xo¿-Øpw Z-cn-Z-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

G-Xm-≠v c-≠p ]-Xn-‰m-≠pv ap-ºm-

Wv "H-cp \-√ h-cƒ-® F-√m-h-cpw C-„-s∏-Sp-∂p' F-∂ ]p-kv-X-Iw, ln-µp ]-X-Øn-s‚Km-ao-W te-J-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ ]n. km-bn-\m-Yv F-gp-Xn-b-Xv. Im¿-jn-I ta-J-e-bn-se h-c-ƒ®-b-S-°-ap-≈ Zp-cn-X-ß-tf-bpw I¿-j-I B-fl-l-Xy-I-tf-bpw ]-‰n km-bn-\m-Y-S-°w ]-e-cpw F-gp-Xn-bn- p-≠v. ]-t£ C-t∏mƒ am-X-am-Wv C-¥y≥ Km-a-ß-fn¬ h-cƒ-® A-XnITn-\-am-sW-∂pw A-Xp aq-ew I¿-j-I¿ B-fl-l-Xy sN-øp-∂p-sh-∂pw ]p-dw tem-IwA-dn-bm≥ i-an-°p-∂-Xv. I¿-j-I-cp-sS B-fl-l-Xy-°v H-cn-S-hpw C-√m-Xn-cp-∂ Sn.hn Nm-\-ep-I-fn¬ h-cƒ-®-bpw a-‰pw N¿-®m-hn-j-b-am-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn.

C-Xp tI-h-ew \-K-c-hm-kn-I-fp-sS I-]-S-[m¿-an-I ]-I-S-\-am-sW-∂pw k-º-∂-cp-sSkp-J-ku-I-cy-ß-tfm-Sp-≈ A-kq-b-bm-sW-∂pw sF.]n.F¬ C-s√-¶n-epw In-°-‰v Ku-≠v Zn-h-tk-\ \-\-t°-≠n h-cp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ a¬-k-c-ßƒ \n-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xp sIm-s≠m-cp ]-tbm-P-\-hp-an-s√-∂pw "In-°-‰n-t\-°mƒ ]-[m-\-a-t√ P-\-ßƒ' F-∂p-≈ tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS tNm-Zyw A¿-Y-an-√m-Ø-Xm-sW-∂pw a-‰p-ap-≈ hn-a¿-i-\-ßƒ D≠m-bn. F-∂m¬ap≥ ]-ap-J In-°-‰v I-fn-°m-c-\pw I-fn hn-Z-Kv-[-\p-am-b kp-\n¬ Km-h-kv-I¿ X-s∂tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS Xo-cp-am-\-sØ \ym-bo-I-cn-®p, "\-ap-°v tdm- n-bpw ]-cn-∏pw X-cp-∂-h¿-°pth-≠n Cu sN-dn-b Xym-Kw sN-øm≥ \mw X-bm-dm-tI-≠-X-t√', F-∂v At±lw tNmZn®p.

a-lm-cm-„ A-S-°-ap-≈ hn-hn-[ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-se C-∂-sØ Zp-cn-X-ßƒ-°p-≈ b-Ym¿-Y Im-c-W-ßƒ A-t\z-jn-°m≥ B-cpw an-\-s°-ń-ń-√. a-gsb am-Xw B-i-bn-®pIr-jn sN-øp-∂ ]-tZ-i-ß-fm-Wn-Xv. P-e-tk-N-\ ku-I-cy-ßƒ I-S-em-kn¬ am-Xw Im-Wp-∂ hm-Kv-Zm-\-ßƒ. P-ew B-h-iy-ap-≈ I-cn-ºpw s\-√pw tKm-X-ºpw a-‰p-am-Wn-hn-sS

kn.B¿. \o-e-I-WvT≥

18

A-[n-I-hpw Ir-jn sN-øp-∂-Xv F-∂-Xm-Wp ]-[m-\ ]-iv-\w. [m-\y- -£-Ww D-t]-£n-°p-I-bpw Nm-b ]-©-km-c C-Sm-sX Ip-Sn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm¬ X-s∂ B Km-a-ß-fn-se P-e-°-Ωn ]-cn-l-cn-°m≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂pw hm-Zap-≠v. H-tc-°¿ I-cn-ºp Ir-jn-°v ]-Xn-h¿-jw 18 Z-i-e-£w en-‰¿ sh-≈w th-Ww. 300 ¬ ]-cw Km-ao-W Ip-Spw-_-ßƒ-°v H-cp am-kw I-gn-bm≥ Cu sh-≈w a-Xn. ]-t£ I-cn-ºp Ir-jn th-s≠-∂p ]-d-bmt\m Np-cp-ßn-b-Xv A-Xn-s‚ A-f-hv Ip-d-°m≥ F-¶n-epw ]-d-bmt\m Bcpw Xbm-dmbnń√. Cu P-e-£m-a-ap-≈ \m-ń¬ X-t∂-bm-Wv U-k≥ I-W-°n-\v _n-b¿ I-º-\n-I-fpw ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xv. ss]-Xm≥F-∂ Km-a-Øn¬ \-S-∂ H-cp Im-en-®-¥-bn¬ kz-¥w Im-en-I-sf F-ß-s\-sb-¶n-epw hn¬-°m≥ X-bm-dm-bn h-∂ I¿-j-I-s\ ]-‰n H-cp te-J-I≥ F-gp-Xn: A-h¿ Im-en-I-sf hn¬-°p-∂-Xv C-d-®n-°-®-h-S-°m¿-°m-Wv. ]-ip-hn-t\-bpw Im-f-I-tf-bpw sIm-√p-∂-Xv \n-tcm-[n-®n-´p-≈ C-S-am-W-Xv. F-∂m-epw hn¬-°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠v? "tKm-am-Xm In c-£' F-∂ ap-Zm-hm-Iyw X-ß-fpw hn-fn-®n- p-≠v. ]-t£ C-t∏mƒ A-Xp hn-i-∏-I-‰m≥ ]-cym-]v-X-a-√-t√m.

Ir-jn kw-c-£n-°m≥ sh-≈w In- m≥ I¿-j-I¿ G-Xp h-gn-bpw tX-Spw. A-Xn¬ ]-[m-\-am-b H-∂m-Wv Ip-g¬ °n-W-dp-Iƒ. a-lm-cm-„-bn-se F-√m Pn-√-I-fn-epw H-cp Ip-g¬-°n-W¿ a-\p-jy≥ D-≠-tX. em-Øq-cn¬ A-Xv l-co-jv N-µ sb¿-ta B-Wv. 40 G-°-dn-seXs‚ aq-kw-_n-tØm-´-Øn-\p th-≠n A-t±-lw 63 In-W-dp-Iƒ Ip-gn-®p. \n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-®vH-cp Ip-g¬-°n-Wdn-s‚ B-gw 200 A-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂n-´pw C-t±-l-Øn-s‚ In-W-dp-Iƒ-°v 1000A-Sn B-g-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m-Xn-bn-te-sd In-W-dp-Iƒ D-]-tbm-K-iq-\y-am-bn-°-gn-™p. kz-X-th P-e Zu¿-e-`y-ap-≈ ]-tZ-i-am-b em-Øq-cn¬ Cu Ip-g¬-°nWdp-Iƒ \n¿-an-°p-I h-

gn q-K¿- -P-e-tkm-X-p-Iƒ h-‰n h-c-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ sIm-≠pcq-]-s∏-´ k-º-Øv Ip-d-®p h¿-j-ßƒ sIm-≠p ap-Sn-® X-e-ap-d-bm-Wn-Xv. Un-]v P-e-tk-N-\w t]m-ep-≈am¿-K-ßƒ tX-Sm-sX C-\n C-hn-sSH-cphn-[ c-£-bp-an-√. ]-t£ B-cn-Xp I¿-j-I-tcmSv ]-d-bpw?

\-ap-°v tI-c-f-Øn-te-°p Xn-cn-®ph-cmw. Im-e-h-ÿm am-‰w H-cp bm-Ym¿Yy-am-sW-∂v \mw Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p F-¶n¬ C-\n-F-ß-s\ ap-t∂m-´p t]m-I-Ww F-∂-Xpw Nn-¥n-t°-≠-X-s√? tI-h-ew Nq-Sn-s‚ am-Xw]-iv-\-a-√. \m-sf a-g-bp-sS A-f-hn-epw A-Xn-s‚ k-a-b-ß-fn-epw Im-cy-am-b am-‰-ßƒ D-≠m-tb-°mw. Ip-tda-cw h-®p-sIm-≠p ]-cn-l-cn-°m-hp-∂H-cp hn-j-b-a-√n-Xv. tI-c-f-Øn-s‚Pew, Ir-jn, `-£-Ww, sXm-gn¬,Btcm-Kyw, Sq-dn-kw, B-bp¿-th-Zw,I-b-‰p-a-Xn Xp-S-ßn F-√m-Øn-t\-bpwC-Xp _m-[n-°pw. A-sX-√mw ap∂n¬°m-Wm≥ I-gn-bp-∂ H-cp kw-hn-[m-\w \-ap-°p-t≠m? sN-ss∂-bn-ep-≠m-b-Xp t]m-sem-∂v C-hn-tS D≠m-bn-°q-tS? A-Xn-s\ t\-cn-Sm≥ \-ap-°pI-gn-bp-tam? tI-h-ew ssP-h-Ir-jn-sb-∂pw ]-cn-ÿn-Xn kw-c-£-W-sa-∂pw]-d-™-Xp-sIm-≠m-tbm? H-∏w X-s∂\-Ωp-sS \n¿-am-W taJ-e-sb \n-b-¥n-t°-≠-Xn-s√? B taJ-e A-\-¥-am-bn h-f-cp-sa-∂p I-cp-Xp-∂-Xpi-cn-tbm? c-≠p ]-Xn-‰m-≠n-\p ap-ºv\ap-°p Nn-¥n-°m≥ Iq-Sn I-gn-bm-Ø H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p Ip∏n-sh-≈wF∂ A-[m¿-an-I-X-bp-sS hym-]-\w.F-√m Po-h-Pm-e-ßƒ-°pw A-h-Im-i-s∏-´ P-ew Ip-∏n-bn-em-°n H-cmƒa-s‰m-cmƒ-°p hn¬-°p-∂-Xn-se sX‰vH-cp I-£n-°pw a-X-ßƒ-°pw a-\-n-em-Im-Ø-sX-¥p-sIm-≠v?

hm-l-\-ß-fp-sS C-∂-sØ s]-cp-∏-tØm-Xv B-cn-epw B-i-¶ D-W¿-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. A-h-bp-sS F-Æ-sa-¶n-epw H-∂p Ip-d-°mw F-∂m-sc-¶n-epw]-d-bp-∂p-t≠m? F-X X-s∂ ]-cn-an-X-am-sW-¶n-epw Zn-√n-bn¬ \-S-∏n-em-°n-b H-‰- C-c-´ A-° \n-b-¥-Wkw-hn-[m-\-sØ-t∏m-se-sbm-s°Nn¥n-°p-I-sb-¶n-epw th-t≠?Ct∏m-sg-¶nepw C-Xp Nn-¥n-°m≥Xbm-d-s√-¶n¬ ]n-s∂-¥p ]-Xo-£-bm-Wv \-ap-°p-≈-Xv?

]-cnÿnXnsb sh√phnfn°p∂

]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v ISn™mWntS≠ kabw

AXnIan®ncn°p∂p. tI-h-ew Nq-Sn-s‚ am-

Xw ]-iv-\-a√nXv. \m-sf a-g-bp-sS A-f-hn-epw

A-Xn-s‚ k-a-b-ß-fn-epw Im-cy-am-b am-‰-ßƒ

D-≠m-tb-°mw.

19

20

P\]Yw

kaImenI

1980 s‚ Xp-S-°-Øn-em-Wv hcƒ®-sb-∂ hn-j-b-sØ ]-‰n tI-c-f-w B-Ip-e-s∏-Sm≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. 1983 ¬ a -kq¨ ssh-In-bm-sWØn-b-Xv. Im-Sn-s‚ kw-c-£-WsØbpw a-g-bpw Im-em-h-ÿ-bpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ _-‘-sØbpw ]-‰n Nn -e im-kv -X⁄¿ \n-co-£-W-ß-fpw \n-K-a-\-ß-fpw \-S-Øm≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-Xpw C-°m-e-Øm-Wv. Im-Sn-s‚\m-iw A-∂-sØ tXm-Xn¬ Xp-S-cp-I-bm-sW¶n¬ tI-c-fw a-cp- q-an B-bn am-dpw F-∂-h¿ ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v \-ev-In. h-\ kw-c-£-W-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ Nn-e \-b-cq-]o-I-cWßƒ, N¿-®-Iƒ, kw-hm-Z-ßƒ F-∂n-h C-°m-e-ØvD-≠m-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

]-Ir-Xn kw-c-£-W-sØIp-dn-®p-≈ A-h-t_m-[w C-°m-e-Øv tI-c-f-Øn¬ D≠m-bn.F∂m¬ G-‰-hpw Iq-Sp-X¬]-Ir-Xn \m-iw \-S-∂-Xpw I-gn-™ 20 h¿-j-ß-fn-emWv.C-°m-eØv G-‰-hpw Iq-Sp-X¬ \m-i-ap-≠m-°n-b-Xv]p-g-I-fn-se a-W¬ hm-c¬, h-b-ep-Iƒ \n-I-Ø¬, Ip-∂n-Sn-°¬,I-cn-¶¬ Izm-dn-I-fp-sS hym-]-\w F-∂n-h-bm-Wv. Km-a-ßƒsN-dn-b ]-´-W-ß-fpw \-K-c-ß-fpwB-bn am -dn .

20

21

P\]YwkaImenI

A-ßn-s\ tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ q]-Ir-Xn-bn¬X-s∂ Im-X-em-b am-‰w C-°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn. tI-c-f-Øn-te-°v h--∂ k-µ¿-i-I¿ C-hn-Sp-sØ ]-®-∏n-s\ ]p-I-gv-Øn-sb-¶n-epwtI-c-f-Øn-\v A-Xn-s‚ X-\-Xm-b cq-] w-Kn-bpw ]-tXy-I-X-bpw \-„s∏-Sp-∂ ÿn-Xn h-∂p. A-Xn-t∏m-gpw Xp-S¿-∂v sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. C-tXm-sSm-∏w X-s∂ D-≠m-bhm-l-\-s∏-cp-∏w, am-en-\y-Øn-s‚ A-f-hn-epw kz-`m-h-Øn-epw h-∂ am-‰w F-∂n-hIq-Sp-X¬ a-en-\o-I-c-W-Øn-\pw h-gn h®p.

I-gn-™ 10˛15 h-¿j-ß-fm-bn tI-c-f-Øn¬ h-cƒ-® A-\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. B-tKm-f Im-em-h-ÿ-bn¬ h-∂ am-‰w C-Xn-\p H-cp Im-c-W-am-Wv. F-∂m¬ A-Xv am-X-a-√. t\-c-sØ ]-d-™ tI-c-f-Øns‚`q ]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ h-∂ am-‰w C-Xn-s\ Iq-Sp-X¬ cq-£am-°p-I-bm-Wv D-≠m-b-Xv. Ip-∂p-I-fpw h-b-ep-I-fpw X-Æo¿ X-S-ß-fpwa-c-ß-fpw F-√mw X-s∂ Im-em-h-ÿ-sban-X-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]-¶ph-ln-°p-∂ ]-Ir-Xn kw-hn[m-\-ßƒ B-sW-∂-Xv \-ΩƒXn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂n-√. Cu am‰tØmSv ]p-e-¿Øn-b \n-w-KXbv°p-≈ Np- a-dp-]-Sn-bm-Wv \-ap-°v Xm-ßm≥ I-gn-bp-∂-Xn-epwA-∏p-d-am-bn-cn-°p-∂ Cu Nq-Sv. Fkn ap-dn-°pw Im-dn-\pw H-∂pw Cu Nq-Sn-s\ X-Wp-∏n-°m≥ B-Ip-∂n-√. h-cm≥ t]m-Ip-∂ Zp-c-¥-ß-fp-sS ap-∂-dn-bn-∏m-bn C-Xn-s\ \-Ωƒ Im-tW-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Xn-cp-Ø¬ B-cw-`n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. h-cp-∂ Ip-d-®p h¿-j-ßƒ \-Ωƒ D-W-¿∂vPm-K-X-tbm-sS ]-h¿-Øn-t® a-Xn-bm-Iq.

Btfm-lcn acw hnI-k\ am\-Zfiw

Cu h-cp-∂ h¿-j-Im-e-Øv H-cp a-cw\- v X-s∂ Xp-S-ßmw. B-g-Øn¬ th-tcm-Sp-∂ F-√m Im-e-Øpw ]-®-∏p-≈ \m-S≥a-c-ßƒ X-s∂ \-S-Ww. \-Ωp-sS kn-a‚náp-‰-ßƒ°v X-W-¬ \-ev-Im≥, \-sΩ X-Wp-∏n-°m≥, q-an-bn-te-°v s]-bv-X a-g-sh-≈-sØ C-d-°m≥ C-Ø-cw hr-£-ß-ƒt° I-gn-bq. ]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpw ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-I-fpw s]m-Xp C-S-ß-fn¬ a-cw\-Sp-I-bpw Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-cn-]m-en-°p-I-bpwth-Ww. B-tfm-l-cn a-c-Øn-s‚ F-Æ-am-I-Ww \-Ωp-sS hn-I-k-\-Øn-s‚ am-\-Zfiw.

h-b¬ \n-I-Ø¬ ]q-¿W-am-bn X-S-bp-I-bpw, h-b¬ kw-c-£-W \n-b-aw i-‡-am-bn \-S-∏n-em-°p-I-bpw s\-¬ Ir-jn F-√m-bn-S-Øpw B-cw- n-°p-I-bpw th-Ww. h-b-ep-Iƒ a-g sh-≈ kw-`-c-Wn-I-fm-Wv.hn-Zym-¿Yn-Iƒ°pw s\-¬ Ir-jn \n-e\n¿-Øp-∂-Xn¬ h-en-sbm-cp ]-¶p h-ln-°m≥I-gn-bpw. C-Xn-s‚ Iq-sS \-ap-°v B-h-iy-ap-≈ ]-®-°-dn-I-fpw ]-g-ß-fpw Ir-jn sN-bv-Xp ]m-tZ-in-I N-¥-I-fn¬ hn-ev-°m-\p-≈ ku-I-cy-ßƒ H-cp-°m≥ X-tZ-i `-c-W Iq-S-ß-fpw km-aq-ly kw-L-S-\-I-fpwap-≥I-sø-Sp-°-Ww. Iq-Sp-X¬ sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-ßƒ Im¿jn-I ta-J-e-bn¬ D-≠m-bm¬ X-s∂ a-s‰m-cp co-Xn-bn¬ ]-Ir-Xn-sb \-in-∏n-°m-sX tI-c-f-Øn-\v hn-I-kn-°m≥ I-gn-bpw. Ir-jn A-\p-_-‘ kw-cw- -ßƒ-°v tI-c-f-Øn¬ h-en-b km-[y-X-bm-Wv C-t∏mgp-≈-Xv.

\-Ωp-sS G-I- hn-f tXm- -ßƒ, ]-tXy-In-®pw d-∫¿ t]m-ep-≈-h, an-i hn-f tXm--ß-fm-bn am-‰n-bm¬ P-e kw-c-£-W-Øn-

\pw `q-an-bn-se Nq-Sv Ip-d-bv-°m-\pw k-lm-b-I-c-am-Ipw. q-an-sb H-cp I-®-h-S h-kv-Xp-hm-bn am-Xw Im-Wp-∂ Im-gv-N-∏m-Svam-dn-bn-√ F-¶n¬ C-hn-sS Zp-c-¥-ßƒ h-¿[n-°pw. q-an D-Xv-]m-Z-\-Øn-\p-≈ A-Sn-ÿm-\ hn- -h-am-Wv. \n-c-¥-c-am-b h-f¿®-bv-°v A-t∏m-tg I-gn-bq.

C∂v \-Ωp-sS \-K-c-ßƒ Nq-Sn-s\ Iq-´p-∂ C-S-ßfmWv. \-K-c-ß-fn¬ a-c-ß-fpwssP-h ssh-hn-[y-hpw Iq- n C-Xv a-‰p PohPm-e-ßƒ-Ipw hm-k-tbm-Ky-am-b C-S-ßƒB-bn am-‰-Ww. C-Ø-cw sI- n-S-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v sh-≈w ]p-d-Øp t]m-Im-sX `q-an-bn-¬ Xm-gm-\p-≈ kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ D-≠m-tba-Xn-bm-Iq. hn-tI-µnIrX- am-en-\y\n¿am¿P-\-hpw Du-¿tPm-Xv-]m-Z-\-hpw C-Ø-cw t]m-sP-Œn¬ \n-¿-_-‘-am-°-Ww.F-√m hm¿-Un-epw a-c-ßƒ \n-d-™ s]m-Xp C-S-ßƒ D-≠m-I-Ww. Ip- n-Iƒ-Ipw ]m-b-am-b-h¿°pw ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn \-S-°m-\pwI-fn-°m-\pw ]-‰p-∂ sN-dp-Xpw h-ep-Xp-amb]m¿°p-Iƒ F-√m-bn-S-Øpw D-≠m-°-Ww.

sI- n-S \n¿-am-W-Øn¬ kn-a‚n-s\-bpwam¿-_nƒ t]m-ep-≈ Ip-gn-s®-Sp-°p-∂ h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sSbpw D-]-tbm-Kw I-¿i-\-am-bn\n-b-¥n-°p-I. H-cm-ƒ°p sh-°m-hp-∂ ho-Sp-I-fp-sS F-Æ-hpw \n-b-¥n-°p-I. ho-Sp-I-fp-sS ap≥-]n¬ kn-a‚n- v ap-‰w ap-gp-h≥\n-c-Øp-∂-Xpw \n-b-¥n-°Ww. a-Æv Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂-Xv t]m-’m-ln-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

C\nbpwAh-K-Wn-°mtamZpc¥ kqN-\-Iƒ

C\nbpwAh-K-Wn-°mtamZpc¥ kqN-\-Iƒ

F-kv. D-j

Ip-∂p-I-fpw XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fpw a-

c-ß-fpw Im-em-h-ÿ-sb an-X-am-

°p-∂-Xn¬ ]-¶p≈ ]-Ir-Xn kw-

hn[m-\-ßfm-sW-∂v- \mw Xn-cn-®-dn-

bp-∂n-√. Cu \n-w-KXbv°p-≈

Np-´ a-dp-]-Sn-bm-Wv Xm-ßm≥ I-gn-

bp-∂-Xn-epw A-∏p-d-am-b Cu Nq-Sv.

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P\]Yw

kaImenI

NqSv Iq´mØ hn[w tdmUv

F-√m tdm-Up-I-fp-sS-bpw C-cp h-i-Øpw a-c-ß-fpw a-‰p sN-Sn-I-fpw \- v ]n-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. Nq-Sv Iq- m-Ø tdm-Uv F-∂Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww \-bw. ssk-°nƒ N-hn-´p-∂-Xn-\p k-lm-b-I-c-am-b co-Xn-bn¬ Un-ssk≥ sN-ø-Ww. m-hn-bn¬ hn-Zq-c ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ tPm-en F-∂ Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv X-s∂am-dn h-c-Ww. Po-hn-X-ßƒ Ip-sd Iq-Snkv-]o-Uv-Ip-d-®p A-—-\pw A-Ω-bv-°pw Ip-ń-I-fp-sS Iq-sS k-a-bw Nn-e-h-gn-°m≥ ]-‰p-∂ co-Xn-bn¬ I-ao-I-cn-°-Ww. C-sXm-cp kz-]v-\-am-Imw C-∂v. ]-s£ C-Xv F-√m-h-cpw B-K-ln-°p-s∂m-cp Im-cy-am-WvXm-\pw. Im-dp-I-fp-sS F-Æ-hpw I-¿i-\-am-bn \n-b-¥n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

h-\ hn-kv-XrXn Iq- p-I-bpw h-\ kw-c-£-Ww i‡-am-°p-I-bpw th-Ww. Im-´p-Xo, Im- n-\-I-sØ hn-t\m-Z k-©m-cw,

F-∂n-h I¿-i-\-am-bn \n-b-¥n-°-Ww.]p-g-I-fp-sS-bpw tXm-Sp-I-fp-sS-bpw Xo-c-ß-fn¬ ssP-h ssh-hn-[yw ]p-\ ÿm-]n-°-Ww. P-\-ß-fp-sS ]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-sS ]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ C-Xn-\p t\-Xr-XzwF-Sp-°-Ww.

Ir-jn ]q-¿W-am-bpw ssP-h co-Xn-bn-te-°v am-‰-Ww. \-K-c-ß-fn-epw -£-Ww D-Xv-]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ ]-‰p-∂ ku-I-cy-ßƒ D-≠m-I-Ww. A-Xv hn-ev-°m-\pwI-gn-b-Ww.

kv-Iq-fp-I-fn-epw tIm-tf-Pp-I-fn-epwIm-em-h-ÿ am-‰w ]m-Ty hn-j-b-am-I-Ww. ]m-tbm-Kn-I- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬Ip-ń-Iƒ°v ]-s¶-Sp-°m≥ I-gn-b-Ww.]p-Xn-b sXm-gn¬ ta-J-e-I-fpw kw-kv-Im-c-hpw A-ßn-s\ D-≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°m≥km-[n-°pw

C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈ ]-Ir-Xn ]p-\xÿm-]-\ ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fm-bn-cn-°-Ww \-Ωp-sS sN-dp-∏-°m¿-°v sXm-gn¬ \-ev-tI-≠-Xv. sXm-gn-en-s‚ t]-cn-¬ ]-Ir-Xn-sb ap-®q-Spw X-I¿°p-∂ ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ h-en-sbm-cp ]-Ir-Xn Zp-c-¥-Øn-te-°m-bn-cn-°pw tI-c-f-sØsIm-s≠-Øn-°p-I. A-Xn-s‚ Xp-S-°w \-Ω-fn-t∏mƒ A-\p- -hn-®p sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. H-cp a-g-°m-ew h-∂m¬ a-d-°m-hp-∂-tXm Xo-cm-hp-∂-tXm A-√ \-Ωp-sS CuNq-Sn-s‚ ]-iv-ßƒ. ip-≤ P-ew, hm-bp,`-£-Ww F-∂n-h F-√m-h-¿°pw e-`y-am-°p-I F-∂ \-bw h-∂m¬ X-s∂ h-en-sbm-cp am-‰w C-hn-sS D-≠m-°m≥ I-gn-bpw.C-Xv H-cp s]m-Xp B-h-iyam-bn F-√m-hcpw a-\-n-e-mt°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

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ssZ-\w-Zn-\ Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn _-‘-ap-≈ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-fm-Wv cm-k-]-Zm¿-Y-ßƒ A-Y-hm sI-an-°¬-kv. cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-sf hy-h-km-b-im-e-I-fn¬ am-X-a-√ ho- n-epw, tPm-en-ÿ-e-Øpw, s]m-Xp ÿ-e-ß-fn-epw ]-e cq-]-Øn-epw A-h-ÿ-I-fn-epw Im-Wm≥ km-[n-°p-∂p.a-cp-∂p-Iƒ, ku-µ-c-y-h¿-[-I h-kv-Xp-°ƒ,tkm∏v, Un-‰¿-P‚ v, cm-k-h-f-ßƒ, s]-tSmƒ,Uo-k¬, ]m-N-I-hm-X-I-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂F¬.]n.-Pn. (en-I-zn-ss -Uv s]-tSm-fn-bw Kymkv)cm-k-h-f-ß-fp-sS-bpw Io-S-\m-in-\n-I-fp-sS-bpw \n¿-am-W-w Xp-S-ßn F-√m ta-J-e-I-fn-epw cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS D-]-t`m-Kw h¿-[n-®p h-cp-I-bm-Wv.

h-y-h-km-b-im-e-I-fp-sS h-f¿-®-bv°-\p-k-cn®v cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ ssI-am-‰w sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂ hm-l-\-ß-fp-sS F-Æhpw A-h-bp-sS kw- -c-W-im-e-I-fpw A-Xp-am-bn _-‘-s∏- A-]-I-S-km-≤-y-X-bpw h¿-[n-®p-h-cp-I-bm-W-t√m? C-ß-s\-bp-≠m-Ip-∂ A-]-I-S-ßƒ G-‰-hpw A-[nIw_m-[n-°p-∂-Xv km-[m-c-W- P-\-ß-sf-bm-Wv.A]-I-S-I-c-am-b cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS D-Xv-]m-Z\w, ssI-am-‰w, hn-X-c-Ww F-∂o ]-In-b-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬ A-]-I-S-ßƒ aq-e-tam, ]-Ir-Xn-t£m`-w aq-e-tam, Xo-]n-Sn-Øw, kv-t^m-S-\w,hnj-hm-X-I tNm¿-® ap-X-em-h-b kw-`-hn-°p-I-bpw hy-h-km-b-im-e-I-fn-tem, s]m-Xp P-\-ßƒ-t°m Po-h-\pw kz-Øn-\pw \m-i-\-jv-S-ßƒD-≠m-hp-I-bm-sW-s¶n¬ A-Ø-cw kw- -h-am-Wvcm-k Zp-c-¥-ßƒ.

cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ A-h-bp-sS kz-`m-h-a-\p-k-cn-®v a-‰p-h-kv-Xp-°-fp-am-bn ]-h¿-Øn-t®m-kzbtam A-]-I-Sw D-≠m-°p-hm≥ I-gn-hp-≈-hbm-bn-cn-°pw. Nn-e-h ]-X-y-£-Øn¬ kp-c-£n-X-am-bn tXm-∂mw. Ah-bpsS ]-tX-y-I-X-Iƒ a-\-n-em-°n-bm¬ am-X-ta A-h kp-c-£n-X-am-bn ssI-Im-cyw sN-øp-hm≥ km-[n-°p.G-sXm-cp-h-kv-Xp-hn-s‚-bpw A-]-I-S-km-≤-y-X ]-[m-\-am-bpw c-≠p-Im-c-y-ß-sf B-i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H-∂v Toxictiy ]n-s∂ Exposure.CXn¬ BZy-tØXv cm-k-h-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ X-\-Xm-b k-z- m-h-Kp-Ww B-Wv. A-Xv \-ap-°v am‰p-hm≥ I-gn-bn-√. Exposure F-∂p-sIm-≠v D-t±-

Nne kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ ISpØ A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-tb-°m-hp∂ cmk-]-

Zm¿Y-ßƒ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Ht´sd ]tbm-P-\-ß-fpap-≠m-°p-∂p. Ae-

k-ambn Ahsb ssIImcyw sNbvXm¬ h≥ Zpc-¥-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-w. cmk-h-

kvXp-°ƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v...

kq£n-®m¬cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ anX-ßƒ

kn-bm-Zv. _n

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kaImenI

in-°p-∂-Xv \-Ωƒ A-Xv F-ß-s\ ssI-Im-cyw sN-øp-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv. kp-c-£n-X-am-bn ssI-Im-cyw sN-bv-Xm¬ G-Xp cm-k-h-kv-Xp-hpw A-]-I-S-c-ln-X-am-bn D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

]-[m-\-am-bpw Xm-sg-]-d-bp-∂ kz- m-h-ßƒcm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-sf A-]-I-S-Øn-te-°v \-bn-°m-dp-≠v.

Xo-]n-Sn-°m-\pw s]m- n-sØ-dn-°m-\p-ap-≈ ti-jn, hn-j-hm-X-Iw ]-c-°p-hm-\p-≈A-h-k-cw, td-Un-tb-j≥ aq-e-ap-≈ A-]-I-S-ßƒ, B-kn-Uv, B¬-°-en Xp-S-ßn-b cm-k-]-Zm¿-∞-ßƒ h-gn-bp-≈ s]m-≈¬ Xp-S-ßn-b-h.

Zho-IrX hmX-I-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-tºmƒ

cm-k-]-Zm¿-Y-ßƒ s]m-Xp-sh J-cw, Zm-h-Iw, hm-X-Iw F-∂o A-h-ÿ-I-fn-em-WvIm-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. hm-X-Im-h-ÿ-bn-ep-≈ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ Zm-h-I-cq-]-Øn-te-°v am‰nA-Y-hm en-I-zn-ss^ sN-bv-Xm-Wv tdm-Un-eq-sS sIm-≠p t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. C-ß-s\ Zm-h-I- cq-]-Øn-te-°v am-‰p-∂-Xv a¿Zw D-]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv. Zm-h-I-cq-]-Øn-em-°p-∂ hm-X-Iw G-sX-¶n-epw Im-c-W-h-im¬ A-]-I-Sw kw- -hn-®v ]p-d-Øp-h-cm≥ C-S-bm-bm¬Zm-h-Iw A-Xn-th-Kw hn-I-kn-®v ]-Xn≥-a-S-ßv hm-X-Iw A-¥-co-£-Øn¬-]-k-cn-°p-hm-\pw cm-k-h-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ kz-`m-hw A-\p-k-cn-®v A-]-I-S-ß-fn-te-°v F-Øp-hm-\p-≈ km-≤-y-X-bpw Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. C-ß-s\ ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-∂ hm-X-I-ßƒ F¬.-]n.-Pnbm-sW-¶n¬ 250 a-S-ßpw, Iv-tfm-dn≥ 450a-S-ßpw, A-tam-Wn-b 800 a-S-ßpw hm-X-I-am-bn s]-s´-∂p ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Zm-h-I-cq-]-Øn¬ Iw-]-v sN-bv-Xp Sm≥-kv-t]m¿- v sN-øp-∂ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ h-f-sc i-≤-tbm-sS-th-Ww ssI-Im-cyw sN-øp-hm≥. C-ß-s\ ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-∂ hm-X-I-ßƒ A-Xn-th-Kw A-¥-co-£-Øn¬ hym-]n-°p-∂p. A-¥-co-£- hm-bp-hn-s‚ km-µ-X H-∂m-bn I-W-°m-°p-I-bpw eo-°p sN-øp-∂ hm-X-I-Øn-s‚ km-µ-X H-∂n¬ Iq-Sp-X-em-Ip-I-bpw B-sW-¶n¬ C-ß-s\ ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-∂ hm-X-Iwhm-bp-hn-t\-°mƒ km-µ-X Iq-Sn-b-h A-¥-co-£-Øn¬ q-an-tbm-S-Sp-Øv hym-]n-°p-I-bpw \-Ωp-sS izm-tkm-—m-k-Øn-\v X-S-w t\-cn-Sp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. Ir-X-y-am-bnizm-tkm-—-zm-kw sN-ø-W-sa-¶n¬ A-¥-co-£-Øn¬ 21 iX-am\w Hm-Iv-kn-P≥ D-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. A-Xv 19.5 iX-am\Øn¬ Xm-tg-°v t]m-bm¬ izm-kw-ap- ¬ Xp-S-ßn-bB-tcm-K-y-]-iv-\ßƒ D-≠m-Ip-∂p. BdpiX-am-\Ønepw Xm-tg-°p t]m-bm¬ a-

cWw h-sc kw-`-hn-°mw. hn-j-hm-X-I-Øns‚ km-∂n-≤-y-Øn-s‚ tXm-X-\p-k-cn®vC-Xv F-t∏mƒ th-W-sa-¶n-epw kw- -hn-°mw

tNm¿-∂ hn-j-hm-X-I-Øn-\v A-¥-co-£-hm-bp-hn-t\-°mƒ km-µ-X Ip-d-hm-sW-¶n¬ h-f-sc-th-Kw A-¥-co-£-Øn¬ ]-S-cp-I-bpw A-Xn-s‚ Xo-h-X Ip-d-bp-I-bpwsN-øpw. Cu hm-X-I-ßƒ Im-‰v Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈ A-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ a-‰n-S-ß-fn-te-°v hym-]n-°p-I-bpw A-¥-co-£-Øn¬ A-Xn-s‚A-f-hv Ip-d-bp-I-bpw sN-øpw.

tNm¿-® aq-ew hym-]n-°p-∂ hm-X-I-ß-fn¬ ]-e-Xpw h-f-sc-th-Kw Xo-I-Øp-∂-tXm, am-c-I-am-bn hn-jw h-an-°p-∂-tXm A-s√-¶n¬ A-¥-co-£-Øn-se hm-bp-hn-s\ \n-jv-Im-k-\w sN-øp-hm≥ I-gn-hp-≈-tXm B-bn-cn-°mw. C-Ø-cw km-l-N-c-y-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v s]m-Xp-P-\-ßƒ t_m-[-hm-∑m-cm-bn-s√-¶n¬ B-tcm-K-y-]-iv-\-hpwA-Xp-h-gn Po-h-lm-\n-bpw D-≠m-Imw.

h-f-sc-th-Kw hm-X-I-am-bn am-dp-∂Vapour Pressure Iq-Sn-b Zm-h-I-ßƒ s]-tSm-fn-bw D-Xv-]-∂-ß-fm-b \m-^v-X, s]-tSmƒ, a-sÆ-Æ, G-hn-tb-j≥ C-‘-\wXp-S-ßn-b-h-bpw h-f-sc th-Kw hm-X-Im-h-ÿ-bn-te-°p-am-dp-∂ s_≥-ko≥, sa-X-t\mƒ, Im¿-_¨ sS-Sm-Iv-tfm-ssd-Uv Xp-S-ßn-b hn-j-Zm-h-I-ß-fpw \-Ωp-sS tdm-Un¬ Iq-Sn \n-c-¥-cw I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p-≠v.C-Ø-cw hm-l-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw D-≠m-Ip-∂ tNm¿-® Kp-cp-X-c-am-b B-tcm-K-y-]-iv-\-hpw kq-£n-®p-ssI-Im-cyw sN-bv-Xn-s√-¶n¬ A-Xo-h-Kp-cp-X-c-am-b Xo-]n-Sn-Ø-hpwhn-j-hm-X-Iw hym-]n-°-epw D-≠m-Ip-hm≥C-S-bm-°pw.

hm-l-\-ßƒ A-]-I-S-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ A-h-bn¬ \n¿-_-‘-am-bpw ]-Z¿-in-∏n-t°-≠ Class Label, InformationPanel F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n-∂pw B hm-l-\-Øn¬ D-≈ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ kz-`m-hhn-ti-j-ßƒ \-ap-°v a-\-n-em-°m≥ km-[n-°pw. Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ c-£m ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ°v AXv h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw k-lm-b-I-c-am-Wv. C-Ø-cw hm-l-\-ß-fn-se ssU-h¿-am¿ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ ssI-Im-cyw sN-øp-∂-Xn¬ ]-cn-io-e-\w e- n-®hcmbn-cn-°-WwF-∂v tam-t´m¿ hm-l-\ \n-b-a-Øn¬ A-\p-im-kn-°p-∂p.

Icn-a-cp∂v ]tbm-K-Øns‚ imkvXobXXzw

G-h-cpw B-kz-Zn-°p-∂ I-cn-a-cp-∂v ]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚ im-kv-Xo-b-X-Xzw B-cpw A-[n-Iw i-≤n-®n- p-≠m-hn-√. ]-[m-\-am-bpwaq-∂v Du¿-P-tkm-X-p-I-fp-sS (i-_v-Zw, ]-

Im-iw, Xm-]w) Ir-Xy-am-b k-a-\z-bam-WvCu B-kzm-Z-yI-c-am-b ]-Xn- m-k-Øn-s‚A-Sn-ÿm-\w. hm-bp h-f-sc th-K-Øn¬hn-I-kn-°p-tºmƒ D-≠m-Ip-∂ ]-I-º-\-am-Wv apg°w. hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b h¿-W-`w-Kn-Iƒ ]-e-X-c-Øn-ep-≈ tem-l e-h-W-ß-fp-sS (Metal salt) km-∂n-≤y-am-Wv. Xm-]-\n-e-bv-°v A-\p-k-cn-®v hy-Xy-ÿ e-h-W-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v hy-Xy-ÿ h¿-W-ß-fp-sS cq-]-Øn¬ Du¿-Pw ]p-d-Øp hn-Sp-∂p.Hm-tcm \n-an-j-hpw ]p-Xn-b h¿-W-t`-Z-ß-fp-sS-bpw i-_v-Z-tLm-j-ß-fp-sS-bpw B-I-kv-an-I-X k-Ωm-\n-°p-∂-Xv H-cp Iq-´w cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS Nn-´-bm-b ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv.

B-Zy-am-bn Xo sIm-fp-Øp-tºmƒ tdm-°-‰v t]m-se ap-I-fn-te-°v D-b-cp-∂-Xv sN-dn-b ]-l-c-ti-jn-bp-≈ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-hn-s‚]-h¿-Ø-\- -e-am-Wv. Cu cm-k-]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-se-√mw h-f-sc A-[n-Iw Xm-]w _-ln¿-K-an-°p-∂p-≠v. Xp-S¿-∂v I-Øp-∂ Xn-cn ap-I-fn-se-Øp-tºm-tg-°pw D-K-ti-jn-bp-≈ cm-k-h-kv-Xp I-Øn Xp-S-ßp-∂p. A-tXm-sSm-∏w cm-k-]-Zm¿-Y-ß-fp-sS kz- m-hwA-\p-k-cn-®p-≈ h¿-Æ-hn-kv-a-bw \-ΩƒB-kz-Zn-°p-∂p. C-hn-sS D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂]-e cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-fn¬ ÿn-c-kz-`m-hw]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bpw, ÿn-c-kz- m-hw ]-I-Sn-∏n-°m-Ø-h-bpw D-≠v. h-f-sc-b-[n-Iwÿn-c-X-bn-√m-Ø(unstable) s]m-´m-kywt¢m-td-‰v A-]-I-S-km-≤y-X h-f-sc-tb-sdh¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. sN-dn-b a¿-±-Øn¬ t]m-epw s]m- n-sØ-dn-°m-hp-∂ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-hm-Wv C-Xv. kƒ-^-dp-am-bn tN-cp-tºmƒC-Xn-s‚ ]-l-c-ti-jn ]-h-N-\m-Xo-X-hpwA-\n-b-¥n-X-hp-am-Wv. ]-e-t∏m-gpw sh-Sn-s°- v a-’-c-Øn-te-°v I-S-°p-tºmƒ \n-tcm-[n-°-s∏- A-s√-¶n¬ h-f-sc-b-[n-IwA-]-I-S-km-≤y-X-bp-≈ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°ƒD-]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p-≈ km-≤y-X Gdp-∂p.s]m-´m-kyw ss\-tS-‰v, tkm-Un-bw ss\-tS-‰v, hn-hn-[-bn-\w s]¿-t¢m-td-‰v F-∂n-h-bm-Wv Ip-d-®p Iq-Sn Z-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ.

Iq-Sp-X¬ D-b-c-hpw Iq-Sp-X¬ i-_v-Z-hpwhy-Xy-kvX-h¿-W hn-kv-a-b-ß-fpw h¿-W-s]m-en-a-bp-sam-s° e-£y-an-Sp-tºmƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-fpw A-h-bp-sS ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw ]-h-N-\m-Xo-X-am-Ip-∂p. A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈ Zq-c-]-cn-[-bpw kp-c-£m-\n¿-t±-i-ß-fpw A-h-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.-A-tXm-sS A-]-Xo-£n-X-am-b A-]-I-S-ß-fpw Zp-c-¥-ß-fpw \-sΩ tX-Sn-sb-Øp-∂p. kp-c-£m am-\-Z-fi-ß-fpw \n-b-a \n¿-tZ-i-ß-fpw F-Iv-kv-tπm-ko-hv dqƒ-

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kv 2008 ¬ hn-i-Z-am-bn ]-Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≠v.

Sm¶p-I-fn¬ ]Xn-bn-cn-°p∂ A]-ISw

In-W-dp-Iƒ, am≥-tlm-fp-Iƒ, Hm-S-Iƒ,sk-]v-‰n-Iv Sm-¶p-Iƒ F-∂n-h hr-Øn-bm-°p-tºmƒ D-≠m-Ip-∂ A-]-I-S-ßƒ ssZ-\w-Zn-\w h¿-[n-®p h-cn-I-bm-W-t√m. A-h-bp-sS im-kv-Xo-b-X a-\-kn-em-°n ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xv A-]-I-S-km-≤y-X Ip-d-bv-°p-∂-Xn-\v k-lm-bn-°pw. q-an-°-Sn-bn-ep-≈Sm-¶p-I-fn¬ ]-e-X-c-Øn-ep-≈ cm-k-]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ \-S-°m-dp-≠v. hm-bp-hn-s‚ km-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ \-S-°p-∂ cm-k-]-h¿-Ø-\-hpw (aerobic reaction), hm-bp-hn-s‚ A-km-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ \-S-°p-∂ cm-k-]-h¿-Ø-\-hpw (anaerobic reaction) CXn-epƒs∏-Sp∂p. hm-bp-hn-s‚ A-km-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ \-S-°p-∂ ]-e ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-epw ssl-U-P≥ kƒ-ss^-Up-t]mep≈ hn-j-hm-X-I-ßƒ D-≠m-Ip∂p-≠v. A-h Sm-¶p-IƒXp-d-°p-tºmƒ ]p-d-tØ-°v h-cn-I-bpw sN-dn-b A-f-hp-t]m-epw a-c-W-Im-c-Ww BIp-Ibpw sNøpw.

hm-bp-hn-s‚ km-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ \-S-°p-∂ cm-k-]-Inb-bp-sS ^-e-am-bm-Wv I-tºm-Ãv h-f-ßƒ D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-sX In-S-°p-∂ In-W-dp-I-fn¬ Hm-Iv-kn-P-s‚ Ip-d-hp-aq-e-tam a-‰v hm-X-I-ß-fp-sS km-∂n-≤yw aq-e-tam \-ap-°v Ir-Xy-am-bn izm-tkm-—m-kw sN-øm≥ km-[n-°m-sXhcmw. A-ß-s\-bp-≈ k-µ¿- -ß-fn¬In-W-dp-I-fn¬ C-d-ßp-∂-Xn-\v ap≥-]p X-s∂ B-h-iy-am-b hm-bq k-©m-cw D-d-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Hm-Iv-kn-P-s‚ A-km-∂n-≤yw h-f-sc Kp-cp-X-c-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Ir-Xy-am-b ap≥-I-cp-X¬ Po-h≥ c-£-bv-°v A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

cm-k A-]-S-I-ßƒ D-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ

t]m-eo-kv, A-·n-i-a-\ tk-\ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sc hn-h-cw A-dn-bn-°p-I-.

F-a¿-P≥-kn ]m-\¬, ¢m-kv te-_¬F-∂n-h-bn¬ t\m-°n G-Xv D-Xv-]-∂-am-Wvhm-l-\-Øn¬ F-∂p a-\-n-em-°p-I.

tNm¿-®-bp-s≠-¶n¬ Im-‰n-s‚ K-Xn a-\-n-em-°n A-Xn-\v F-Xn¿-Zn-i-bn-te-°pkp-c-£n-X-am-bn \n¬-°p-I.

hn-j-hm-X-I-am-tWm Xo-]n-Sn-°p-∂ hm-X-I-am-tWm F-∂v a-\-n-em-°p-I.

]-cn-io-e-\w e- n-® B-fp-sS ta¬-t\m-´-Øn¬ am-X-ta c-£m ]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p i-an-°m-h-q.

hn-j-hm-X-I-am-sW-¶n¬

izkn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Im‰ns‚ KXn-°-\p-k-cn®v amdp-I.

hn-j-hm-X-Iw ]-c-°m≥ C-S-bp-≈ Zq-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬ \n-∂v B-fp-I-sf H-gn-∏n-°-Ww.

kp-c-£m D-]-I-c-W-ßƒ [-cn-®v ]-cn-io-e-\w kn-≤n-® B-fp-I-fp-sS ta¬-t\m- -Øn¬ tNm¿-® A-S-bv-°Ww.

\-\-™-Xp-Wn D-]-tbm-Kn-®v ap-J-hpwhm-bpw a-d-bv-°p-I.

hn-j-]-Zm¿Y-ßƒ I-Æn-tem, i-co-c-Øn-tem B-bn- p-s≠-¶n¬ ip-≤-am-b sh-≈wD-]-tbm-Kn-®v 15 an-\n-s´-¶n-epw B `m-KwI-gp-tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

hn-j-hm-X-Iw iz-kn-® B-sf F-X-bpwth-Kw ip-≤-hm-bp In- p-∂ ÿ-e-tØ-°pam-‰p-I-bpw ]-Y-a-ip-iq-j \¬-Ip-I-bpwsN-ø-Ww.

Xo-]n-Sn-°m≥ km-≤-y-X-bp-≈-Xm-sW-¶n¬

hm-l-\-Øn-s‚ A-Sp-Øv kv-]m¿-°vD≠m-Im≥ km-≤-y-X-bp-≈-h-sb-√mw ]-c-am-h-[n H-gn-hm-°pI.

sa-ss_¬ t^m¨ D-]-tbm-Kw I¿-i-\-am-bn H-gn-hm-°-Ww.

ssh-Z-yp-X D-]-I-c-W-ßƒ, Ãu-hv Xp-S-ßn-b-h Hm- m-°p-I.

A-]-I-S-ta-J-e-bn¬ Im-gv-N-°m-sc H-gn-hm-°n kp-c-£m-h-e-bw D≠m-°-Ww

]p-d-tØ-°v h-cp-∂ hm-X-Iw ]-c-am-h-[n sh-≈w D-]-tbm-Kn-®v X-Wp-∏n-°p-I-bpw \n¿-ho-c-y-am-°p-I-bpw th-Ww.

ï hn-Z-Kv-Z-cp-sS ta¬-t\m-´-Øn¬tNm¿-® \n-b-¥n-°p-hm-\p-≈ i-aw Xp-S-ß-Ww

A-Xn-a¿-±-Øn¬ Zm-h-I-cq-]-Øn¬ 1000IntemKmw D-≈ kn-en-≠-dp-I-fn¬ kq-£n-°p-∂p. ]-®-I-e¿-∂ a-™-\n-dw

cq-£-K-‘-ap-≈ hm-X-Iw ]-[m-\-am-

bpw iz-k-t\-µn-b-ß-sf-bm-Wv _m-[n-°pI.

hm-bp-hn-t\-°mƒ km-µ-X Iq-Sp-X¬(2.482)

Zm-h-I-cq-]-Øn¬ ]p-d-Øp-h-∂m¬ 450a-S-ßv hm-X-I-am-bn ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w sN-ø-s∏-Spw

A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏- kp-c-£n-X-am-b D-b¿-∂ ]-cn-[n 1 PPM. Xo-]n-Sn-°p-hm-\p-f-fkm-≤-y-X Ip-d-hm-Wv.

]-Y-a ip-iq-j

hm-X-Iw iz-kn-t°-≠n-h-∂ B-sf ip-≤-hm-bp In-´p-∂ ÿ-e-tØ-°p am-‰p-I.X-e-bpw s\-©n-s‚ `m-K-hpw D-b¿-∂ X-e-Øn-em-°n a-e¿-Øn-In-S-Øp-I. h-kv-X-ßƒ A-b-®n-Sp-I. izm-tkm-—-zm-kw \n-∂p-t]m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ir-Xn-a izm-kw \¬-I-Ww.

(^m-Œ-do-kv & t_m-bn-te-gv-kn¬sI-an-°¬ C≥-kv-s]-ŒdmWv teJ-I≥)

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a\pjy¿ C∂v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂hkvXp°ƒ arK-ß-fn¬ \nt∂m sNSn-I-fn¬ \nt∂m As√¶n¬ J\n-P-ß-fn¬\nt∂m e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu aq∂p]mY-anI hkvXp-°fpw a\p-jys\kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hm-Ø-XmWv. tIc-f-Øn¬ e`y-am-bn- p≈][m\ J\n-P-ßƒ C¬a-ss\-‰v,ssN\m-t¢, knen-°m-km≥Uv, NpÆm-ºp-I-√v, I°, \n¿amW Bh-iy-ßƒ°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Icn-¶-√v,aW¬, sh´p-I√v F∂n-h-bm-Wv.

J\-\sØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ \nb-a-ßsf aq∂mbn Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw. J\n-I-fp-sSbpw J\n-P-ß-fp-sSbpw hnI-k-\-sØbpw Iao-I-c-W-sØbpw kw_-‘n-®-h, J\n-I-fnse kpc-£sb kw_-‘n-®-h, J\\w sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]iv\ßƒ \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb \nb-a-ßƒ F∂n-h-bmWvaq∂p hn`m-K-ßƒ.

J\n hyh-kmbw F∂Xv a‰p taJ-e-I-fn-te-°p≈ Akw-kvIrX km[-\-ßƒ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂p F∂-Xn-ep-]-cn,kºØv DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]InbIqSn-bm-Wv. kºØv DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥Ign-bmØ J\\ ]h¿Ø\w kpÿn-c-amb ]Inb F∂v IW-°m-°p-hm≥km[n-°n-√.

`c-W-L-S-\-bnse Ggmw ]ń-I-bnse36 m-aXv F≥Sn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬]m¿e-sa‚ v ]mm-°nb 1957 se J\n-Ifpw J\n-P-ßfpw (hnI-k-\hpw Iao-I-c-W-hpw) BŒv BWv J\n hnI-k-\-sØbpw Iao-I-c-W-sØbpw kw_-‘n® B[n-Im-cn-I-amb \nb-aw. CXp]Imcw e`n® Hcp J\-\-∏m-´-Øn-s‚-tbm, ssek≥kn-s‚tbm ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A√msX bmsXm-cp-hn[ J\-\-]-h¿Ø-\tam ]cy-th-j-Wtam \S-Øm≥]mSn-√. F∂m¬ CXv ewLn-°p-∂-h¿s°-Xnsc 21 mw hIp∏p ]Imcwc≠p h¿jw XS-thm, A©p e£wcq] hsc ]ngtbm c≠pw IqSntbmin£ \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. B[n-Im-cn-I-amb tcJ-I-fn-√msX J\n-P-ßƒ hml-\-ß-fn¬ IS-Øn-s°m≠p t]mIp-∂Xpwkw -cn-°p-∂Xpw Ip‰-I-cpamWv. c≠ph¿jw XS-thm, A©p e£w cq]hsc ]ngtbm c≠pw IqSntbm in£\¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

\n¿amW Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Icn-¶-√v, aW¬, sh´p-I-√v,

aÆv (Ordinary Earth) F∂n-hsbkw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw 2015 ¬ tIcfk¿°m¿ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n- p≈ tIcfssa\¿ an\-d¬ I¨k-j≥ N´-ß-fmWv _m[-Iw. sNdnb Ime-b-f-hn-te°v \¬Ip∂ A\p-a-Xnsb J\\s]¿an‰v (Quarrying permit) F∂pwZo¿L-Im-e-b-f-hn-te°v \¬Ip∂Xns\J\-\-∏m´w (Quarrying lease) F∂pwAdn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. J\-\-]-h¿Ø\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ A\p-aXn]X-ßƒ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

1. ssa\nMv B≥Uv Pntbm-fPn hIp-∏n¬ \n∂pw e`n® J\\s]¿an‰v/J\-\-∏m´w

2. J\\ ]Inb Fßns\ \SØpwF∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ AwKo-IrX

ssa≥ πm≥

3. 2006 se F≥h-tbm¨sa‚ vCw]mŒv Ak-kvsa‚ v t\mń- n-t°-j≥ ]Imcw e`n® ]mcn-ÿn-XnIA\paXn AYhm F≥h-tbm¨sa‚¬ ¢nb-d≥kv

4. FIvkvtπm-kohv ssek≥kv

5. aen-\o-I-cW \nb-¥Wt_m¿Un¬ \n∂v e`n® A\p-aXn.

6. Xt±i kzbw- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v e`n® ssek≥kv

J\n-P-ßƒ hmßn Hcp ÿeØvtÃm°v sNbvXv hn]-W\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Uotegvkv ssek≥kv kºm-Zn-®n-cn-°-Ww.

AUz. B¿. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿

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≈n¬ J\n-bp-S-a-bp-tS-X-√mØ sIń-S-ßtfm a‰v kvSIv®-dp-Itfm Ds≠-¶n¬^b-dnMv \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v doPn-b-W¬C≥kvs]-Œ-dpsS A\p-aXn tXSn-bn-cn°Ww.

2006 se F≥h-tbm¨sa-t‚m¬Cw]mŒv Ak-kvsa‚ v t\mń- n-t°-j\nse sjUyq-fn¬ ]mcn-ÿn-XnIA\p-aXn t\Sn-bn-cn-t°-≠ ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ J\-\ ]h¿Ø-\hpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂Xn-\m¬ F√m-hn[J\\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw ap≥Iq¿]mcn-ÿn-XnIm\p-aXn \n¿_-‘-am-Wv.J\\w \S-Øp∂ ÿew 50 slŒtdmAXn\p apI-fntem BsW-¶n¬ tIµh\w ]cn-ÿnXn a¥m-e-b-Øn-s‚bpw50 slŒ-dn\v Xmsg-bm-sW-¶n¬kwÿm\ ]cn-ÿnXn BLmX\n¿Wb AtXm-dn-‰n-bpsS A\p-aXnA\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. tIµ h\w ]cn-ÿnXn a¥m-e-b-Øns‚ 2016 P\p-hcn15 se \º¿ hn⁄m-]-\-]-ImcwA©p slŒ¿ hsc-bp≈ ]tZ-i-ßƒ°v Pn√m If-Œ¿ sNb¿t]-gvk¨Bbn- p≈ Pn√m-Xe ]mcn-ÿn-XnIBLmX \n¿Wb AtXm-dn-‰n-bn¬\n∂pw A\p-aXn hmßn-bm¬ aXn-. ]c-º-cm-KX sXmgnens‚ mK-ambn Iew\n¿an-°p-∂-Xn\v km[m-cW sNfn,aW¬ F∂nh b¥-k-lm-b-Øm¬A√msX J\\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v ]mcn-ÿn-XnI A\p-aXn Bh-iy-an-√. IpSn-sh≈w/Pe-tk-N-\-Øn-\p-th≠nInW¿ \n¿an-°p-∂-Xns‚ mK-am-tbm,sIńS \n¿am-W-Øns‚ mK-am-bp≈ût≠-j≥ sI´p-∂-Xn\pth-≠n-tbm,Umap-I-fn-sebpw dnk¿thm-b-dp-I-fn-sebpw kn¬‰v \o°w (De-silting)sNøp-∂-Xns‚ mK-amtbm \S-Øp∂J\\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]mcn-ÿn-XnIA\p-aXn tXSp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. tIµ h\w ]cn-ÿnXna¥m-e-b-Øns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSnkwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ t\m¨ssa\nMv BIv‰n-hn‰n F∂v ]Jym-]n-°p∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw A\p-aXntXSp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-°n-bn- p-≠v.Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ tdmUv, sdbn¬\n¿amW Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn Izmdn-bnMv \S-Øp-tºmƒ ]mcn-ÿn-XnIA\p-a-Xn-bpsS t]cnep≠m-Im≥ CS--bp≈ ]iv\-ßsf Hcp ]cn-[n-hscHgn-hm-°m≥ Ign-t™-°mw.

J\n-I-fnse kpc-£sb kw_-‘n® \nbaw 1952 se ssa≥kv BŒvBWv. Bdp ao‰-dn¬ IqSp-X-¬ B-g-Øn¬ J\\w \S-Øp-I-tbm, HcpZnhkw Aº-Xn¬°q-Sp-X¬ Bfp-IsftPmen°v \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-tbm,FIvkvtπm-kohv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-ItbmsNbvXm¬ ssa≥kv BŒpw A\p-_‘ N´-ßfpw sdKp-tej-\pw _m[-I-am-Ipw. J\-\m-\p-aXn e`n® ÿe-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-bn¬ \n∂pw 7.5 ao‰-dn\p-≈n¬ J\-\-]-h¿Ø\w \S-Øm≥]mSn-√. ^b-dnMv \S-°p∂ ÿe-Øns‚ 300 ao‰¿ ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬hcp∂ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hy‡-amb Adn-bn-∏v \¬In-b-ti-jta b-dnMv \S-Øm≥ ]mSp-≈q. 50 ao‰¿ ]cn-[n--°p-

J\\w \SØptºmƒ

]cnÿnXn°p≠mIp∂

BLmXßƒ ]et∏mgpw

cq£amWv. F¶nepw \ap°v

Hgnhm°m\mhmØ

PohnXmhiyßƒ°v J\\w th≠n

hcpw. Cu kmlNcyØn¬

]ment°≠ \nbaßsf°pdn®pw

AhbpsS

BhiyIXsb°pdn®pw...

ssa\nßv B‚ v Pntbm-fPnhIp-∏nse ap≥ AUo-j-W¬

Ub-d-Œ-dmWv teJ-I≥

28

P\]Yw

kaImenI

a\p-jy\v XS-bm≥ ]‰mØ s]s´-∂p-≠m-Ip∂]IrXn Zpc-¥-ß-fp-≠v. ae-bn-Sn-®nepw Dcpƒs]m- epwkp\m-anbpw taL-hn-kvt^m-S-\-hp-sams° ]h-N-\-ßƒ°v AXo-X-am-bp-≠m-Ip∂ Zpc-¥-ß-fm-Wv. c£m-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ChnsS ZpjvI-c-am-Ip-∂p. sIm√w Pn√-bnse ]p‰n-ß¬ t£tXm’-h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p-≠mb shSn-s°- -]-I-S-Øn¬ \qdn-te-sd-t∏¿ ac-W-s∏-´p. \ΩpsS t\m -°p-d-hp-sIm-≠p-≠m-Ip∂ CØcw Zpc-¥-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°m-hp-∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

]IrXym D≠m-Ip∂ ]e Zpc-¥-ß-fp-sSbpw B°wIq´p-∂Xv a\p-jys‚ ]ehn[ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw CS-s]-S-ep-am-Wv. lnam-e-b-Ønse tIZm¿\m-Ynepw ]m¥-]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw 2013 ¬ D≠mb ag-sh-≈-∏m-®nepw ae-bn-Sn-®nepw kam-\-X-I-fn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. FX-t]¿°v Poh-lm-\n-bp-≠m-sb∂v IrXy-amb IW-°n-√. lnam-e-b-Ønse ae-tbm-c-ß-fn¬ Ign™ Iptd Zi-I-ß-fmbn\mw sNbvXp-Iq- nb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ]Xn- -e-\-amWvZpc-¥-Øns‚ cq]-Øn-ep-≠m-b-Xv. Zpc-¥-Øns‚hym]vXn òa-ambn h¿[n-®Xv a\p-jys‚ ]e-hn-[- CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Imc-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. taL-hn-kvt^m-S-\-Øn¬s]s -∂p-≠mb ae-sh-≈-∏m-®nen¬, sN¶p-Ømb ae-s©-cp-hp-I-fn¬ aÆn\pw ]md-s°-´p-Iƒ°pw ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m-\m-bn-√.

shSn-s°- -]-I-S-ßƒ t]mseXs∂ Hgn-hm-°m-hp∂Zpc-¥-amWv D’-h-∏-d-ºnse B\-bn-Sb¬. Cu h¿jwXs∂ D’-h-∏-d-ºp-I-fn¬ B\-bn-S™ 270 e[nIwkw -h-ßƒ D≠m-b-Xmbn ]X-dn-t∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂p. At\Iw t]¿°v Poh≥ \„-s∏-´p. ASp-ØnsSCS™ Hcm\ ]m∏m-∑msc D’-h-∏-d-ºn¬ sh®v IpØnsIm∂p. ]me-°m´v ]pem-∏-‰-bn¬ D’-h-Øn\nsSCS™ B\ \mev]-tXmfw hml-\-ßƒ \in-∏n-®-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv Xf®-Xv.

tIc-f-Øn¬ Ipw`w- -ao\w amk-ß-fn-emWv t£X-ß-fn¬ D’-h-ßƒ \S-°p-∂-Xv. Ipw -®q-Snepw ao\-®q-Snepw shbn¬ Xnf-°p∂ kabw. B\ Im´p-ar-K-am-Wv. th\¬ amk-ß-fn¬ Imń¬ Ahsb D®-t\-cØvImWp-∂Xv sh≈-Øn-\-Sp-Øm-Wv. As√-¶n¬ ImSns‚\ng-en-epw XWp-∏n-epw. shbn¬®q-Sn¬ \n∂pw amdnCh hni-an-°p-∂p. IdpØ icocw s]s´∂v NqSv BKn-cWw sNøp-∂p. hnb¿∏p-K-Ÿn-I-fn-√mØ Chbv°v NqSvXmßm≥ sIev]v Ipdhm-Wv. I∂p-Imen h¿K-Øn¬s∏árK-ß-sf-t∏mse B\bv°v Ipf-ºp-I-fn-√. ]mZ-Øns‚

ASn-hiw am¿Z-h-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ shbn¬ aqØt\cØv Np´p-s]m-≈p∂ Xd-bnepw Dcp-In-sbm-en-°p-∂, Smdn´ tdmUnepw k©-cn-°m≥ B\bv°v hnj-a-am-Wv. D’-h-Im-esØ an° B\- CS-b-ens‚ ]n∂nepwB\-bpsS ico-c-im-kvX-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-fmWv Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I. B\-bn-S-®n¬ Hcp Zpc-¥-ambn]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. Bfp-Iƒ°v Poh-lm-\nbpw hml-\-ßƒ°pw hkvXp-°ƒ°pw \mihpw kw`-hn-°p-∂p.a\p-jy¿ CS-s]´v CS™ B\sb \nb-¥n-°mt\msNdp-°mt\m ]‰p∂ kml-N-cy-a√ D’-h-∏-d-ºp-I-fn-ep-≈-Xv. ab-°p-shSn sh®mWv an° kµ¿`-ß-fnepwXf-bv°m-dp-≈-Xv. CXn-\n-S-bnepw tijhpw B\-tb¬t°-≠n-h-cp∂ ]oU-\-ßƒ hf-sc-tb-sd-bm-Wv.

tIc-f-Øn¬ ]Xn-hn-√mØ NqSmWv Cu th\-en¬A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. ]me-°mSv 42 UnKn hsc-sb-Øn.hc≠ h\-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Im´pXo D≠m-Im-\p≈km[yX Gsd-. Imń¬ Znh-k-ß-tfmfw \n∂p IØp∂Xo Zpc¥w hnX-bv°p-∂p. Bfn-∏-S-cp∂ Im´pXo sISp-ØpI Ffp-∏-a-√. AXypjvWw ImcWw kao-]-]-tZ-iØv sN√p-I-IqSn Akm-[yw. th\¬am-k-ß-fn-emWv`qcn-]£w ]£n-I-fp-sSbpw ]P-\-\-Im-ew. ac-s∏m-Øp-I-fnepw Nn√-I-fnepw IqSp-Iq- p∂ ]£n-I-fpsS ap -IfpwIp™p-ßfpw `kva-am-Ip-∂p. Xh-f, Hm¥v, ]√n Ac-W, ]mºv h¿K-ß-fp-sSbpw KXn as‰m-∂-√. Hcp ]tZ-i-Øns‚ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ Xs∂ kz`mhwamdm≥ Im´pXo Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. ]Xn-hmbn Im´p-Xo°vhnt[-b-am-Ip∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬ ImSns‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬Xs∂ ]cn-Wmaw kw`-hn-°p∂p. B¿Z-X-bp≈ h\-ßƒ amdn CØcw ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Xobn¬ hmSmØDuj-c-h-\-ßƒ ÿm\w-]n-Sn-°p-∂p. Ch Ce-s]m-gnbpwkz`m-h-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. B¿Z-amb Hcp ImSv, ]Xn-hm-bp-≠m-Ip-∂ Im´pXo ImcWw Duj-c-kz-`m-h-ap≈ HcpBhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bmbn amdp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn¬ ]cn-W-maw kw -hn® CS-ßƒ \ΩpsS ]›n-a-L- -Øn¬ FX-th-W-sa-¶nepw Nq≠n-°m-´m-\p-≠v. ImSns‚ kz`mhwCØ-c-Øn¬ amdp-tºmƒ, AXn\v s]bvX sh≈sØaÆn-em-gvØm\pw ]nSn-®p-sh-°m-\p-ap≈ Ignhv Ipd-bp-∂p. \ΩpsS \Zn-I-fnse th\¬ \oscm-gp-°ns\CXv Imcy-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p. ImSv hf-cp-tºmƒImńse hcƒ® Hcp XpS¿®-bmbn amdp-∂p.

th\¬Im-Tn\yw arK-ßsf Imcy-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p-≠v. Imń¬ IpSn-sh-≈-an-√m-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ arK-ßƒ

]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-ßƒCc-Iƒ a\p-jy¿ amX-a√]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-ßƒCc-Iƒ a\p-jy¿ amX-a√

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\mń-te-°n-d-ßn-h-cp-∂Xv ]Xn-hm-Ip-∂p. hb-\m-ń-ep-≠m-Ip∂ kw -h-ßƒ Zr„m-¥-am-Wv. B\-°q- -ßƒCØ-c-Øn¬ Cd-ßn-h-cp-tºmƒ AXv \mń¬ as‰mcpZpc-¥-am-Ip-∂p. Imń¬ tXmSp-I-fnepw Acp-hn-I-fnepwsIń-\n¬°p∂ Ah-km-\sØ C‰p sh≈w Ce-Ifpwa‰pw hoWv an°-hmdpw aen-\-am-bn-cn-°pw. CØcwsh≈sØ Bi-bn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ am\p-Ifpw a‰pw Iq -tØmsS NsØm-Sp-ßnb kw -h-ßƒ \ΩpsS ImSp-I-fnep≠m-bn-´p-≠v. NqSns‚ ImTn-\y-Øn¬ tcmK-ßƒs]s´∂v ]S¿∂p ]nSn-°p-∂p. _mŒo-cn-b-˛-ssh-dkvtcmK-ß-fnepw arK-ßƒ Iq -tØmsS Nmhp-∂p. [mcmfwC\w ]£n-Ifpw Cu ka-bØv NsØm-Sp-ßp-∂p-≠v.XÆo¿Ø-S-ßƒ h‰n-h-c-fp-∂Xv [mcm-fw \o¿®m-ep-I-fpsS Iq -tØm-sS-bp≈ \mi-Øn\v hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂p.

hoSp-I-fnse hf¿Øp-ar-K-ßfpw th\¬®q-Sn¬ I„-s∏-Sp-∂p. \ΩpsS an° hoSp-I-fnepw C∂v hf¿Øp-∂Xv k¶-c-bn\w ]ip-°-sf-bm-Wv. anX-io-X-ta-J-e-bntem ioX-ta-J-e-bntem P∑w sIm≠ Cu h¿K-ßƒ°v DjvW-ta-J-e-bnse NqSv Xmßm≥ Ignhv Ipd-hm-Wv. Ipw`w ao\w amk-ß-fn¬ NqSv IqSp-tºmƒChbv°v ]e imco-cnI ]iv\-ßfpw D≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v.Cu th\-en¬ [m-cmfw ]ip-°ƒ°v Poh-lm\n kw -hn-®-Xns‚ NnX-ßfpw hm¿Ø-Ifpw Ct∏mƒ ]X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ ÿm\w-]n-Sn-°p-∂p-≠v. NqSv Imem-h-ÿsb adn-I-S-°m-\p≈ P\n-X-I-kz- m-h-ap≈ \ΩpsS\mS≥ C\-ßƒ°v AX-Xs∂ ]iv\-ßƒ D≠m-Im-dn-√.

]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-sa∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bnse ]tXy-I-X-Ifpw ssPh PmXn-Iƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ sshj-ay-X-Ifpw s]s´∂v Hm¿a-bn¬ hcm-dn-√.D’-h-∏-d-ºnse B\-bn-S-®nepw Im´p-Xobpw AXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂p-≠m-Ip∂ Zpc-¥-ßfpw sh≈hpw ]®∏pwtXSn h\y-ar-K-ßƒ \mń-te-°n-d-ßp-tºmƒ arK-ßƒ°pw a\p-jy-hm-k-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw D≠m-Ip∂]iv\-ßfpw Hs° ]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmbnI≠v CS-s]-S-Ww. CXn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw ]Xn-ÿm-\Øv\n¬°p-∂Xv a\p-jy\pw Ahs‚ Zpcbpw ]IrXntkmX-n-te-°p≈ Ahs‚ AXn-cp-I-S∂ ssItb-‰hpw BsW∂v ImWmw. CØcw Zpc-¥-ßƒ Ip‰-t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp a\-tmsS thWw t\cn-Sm≥.Bh¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ k∑\pw thWw.

Cc-Iƒ a\p-jy¿ amX-a√Cc-Iƒ a\p-jy¿ amX-a√C. Ip™n-Ir-jvW≥

th\¬Im-Tn\yw arK-ßsf Imcy-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p-.

Imń¬ IpSn-sh-≈-an-√m-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ arK-ßƒ \mń-

te-°n-d-ßn-h-cp-∂Xv ]Xn-hm-Ip-∂p. hb-\m-ń-ep-≠m-

Ip∂ CØcw kw`-h-ßƒ DZmlcWw.

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]pI-bne GXp cq]-Øn-em-sW-¶nepw A]-I-S-Im-cn-bm-Wv. Fßs\ ]pI-bne D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂pF∂-X-\p-k-cn®v hcp∂ tcmK-ß-fn-¬hyXymkap≠m-Ip-sa∂p amX-ta-bp-≈q. ]pI-bp≈]pI-bn-ebpw ]pI-bn-√mØ ]pI-bn-ebpw, CXvc≠pw A]-I-S-Im-cn-Iƒ Xs∂-. ]pI-bne Xs∂-bmWv Im≥k-dns‚ G‰hpw ASpØ kplr-Øv.a\p-jys‚ BP∑-i-X-hpw.

]pI-bn-ebpw Im≥kdpw

izmktImim¿_p-Zw hmbnepw Igp-ØnepwsXm≠-bnepw hcp∂ Im≥k-dp-Iƒ F∂nh ]pI-bn-e-bp-ambn t\cn´p _‘-ap≈Xm-Wv. ae-bmfn ]pcp-j-∑m-cn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X-embn I≠p-h-cp∂Im≥k-dm-Wn-Xv. 90 iX-am\w izmk-tIm-im¿_pZØn\pw tcmKImc-W-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv]pI-bn-e-bm-Wv. 10 iX-am\w amXta ]ph-en-°m-Ø-h-cn¬ Cu Im≥k¿ D≠m-Ip-∂p-≈q. B 10 iX-am-\-Øn¬ qcn- m-Khpw ]pI G‰p-hm-ßp-∂-h-cm-Wv(Passive smoker). Hmtcm h¿jhpw Bdp e£wt]sc-¶nepw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]pI-h-en-Im-cWw acn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ipń-I-fn¬ hcp∂ ]e Im≥k-dp-I-fp-sSbpwHcp Imc-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂Xv a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]pI-h-en-bm-Wv. kvXoI-fnse kv\m¿_p-Z-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp Imc-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xva‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]pI-h-en-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂,]pI-h-en-°p∂ hy‡n kzbw acn-°pI amX-a√a‰p-≈-hscbpw ac-W-Øn-te°v X≈n-hn- n- mWv

tUm. hn.]n. KwKm-[-c≥

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t]mIp-∂-Xv. izmk-tIm-im¿_pZw XnI®pw A]-I-S-Im-cn-bmbIm≥k-dm-Wv. ]mcw- -Z-i-bn¬ I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ am¿K-ß-fn-√mØIm≥k-dm-Wn-Xv. I≠p-]n-Sn-®mepw c£-s]-Sm-\p≈ km[yXA©p iX-am\w amXw. AXpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ \ΩpsS ]pcp-j-∑m-cn¬ IqSp-X-embn ImWp∂ izmk-tIm-im¿_p-Z-tcm-K-Øn-s\-XnscF¥v sNøm≥ km[n-°p-sa∂p tNmZn-®m¬ AXv ]pI-hen Dt]-£n-®p-sIm-≠p-am-Xta km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q F∂m-Wp-Øcw.

]pI-bne Nh-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ hmbv°IØpwsXm≠-bnepw hcp∂ Im≥kp-I-fm-bn-cn°pw ]Xn-

-ew. s]mSn-h-en-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ aq°nepwaq°ns‚ ]pd-Inembn hcp∂ Im≥k-dp-I-fpw.lm≥kv, ]m≥]-cm-Kv, iw`p F∂o Hma-\-t∏-cp-I-fn¬ CXv e`y-am-Wv. kvIqƒ Ipń-Iƒ apX¬ CXvD]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿ [mcm-fw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂Im≥k-dp-ambn hcp∂ Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw sNdp-∏-°m-cp-sSbpw FÆw IqSn-h-cp-I-bm-Wv. ASpØ Xe-ap-d-bn¬ tIcfw ImWm≥ t]mIp∂ Hcp hn]Øv CuIm≥k-dp-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.

]pI-bn-e-bp-ambn ]tcm-£-ambn _‘-ap≈ Hcp-]‰w Im≥k-dp-I-fp-≠v. hr°, aqX-k-©n,t]mkvsd‰v KŸn, ]m≥In-bm-kv, K¿`m-i-b-K-fw,Bam-ibw F∂o Ah-b-h-ß-fnse Im≥k¿ Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xp-am-X-am-Wv.Hcp Imcyw hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. ]pI-bne D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-hgn ]pcp-j-∑m-cnep≠mIp∂ Im≥k-dp-I-fn¬ 50 iX-am\w \ap°vXS-bm≥ km[n-°pw.

F¥p-sIm≠v ]pI-h-en-°p-∂-h-cn¬ ]e¿°pwIm≥k¿ _m[n-°p-∂n√? \ymb-amb tNmZyw.Im≥k¿ H‰ cmXn-sIm≠v D≠m-Ip∂ Hcp Akp-J-a-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ C∂v hen-®m¬ \msfIm≥k¿ D≠m-Ip-∂n-√. GXp Xcw ]pI hen-°p-∂p, Fßs\ hen-°p∂p, FX \mƒ hen-°p∂pCsXms° A\p-k-cn®v hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ kw -hn-°mw. ]s£ Hcp Imcyw Xo¿®, F∂p apX¬\nßƒ ]pI-hen XpS-ßp-∂pthm A∂p apX¬\nßƒ Im≥k-dns\, ac-WsØ amSn-hn-fn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp amX-a-√, F∂v \nßƒ ]pI-hen Dt]-£n-°p-∂pthm A∂v apX¬ CXv XpS-cp∂ Hcphy‡n-tb-°mƒ Cu Im≥k¿ hcm-\p≈ km[yX\nßƒ°v Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°pw. C∂p Xs∂ ]pI-bneDt]-£n-°p-I, Im≥k-dns\ ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-I.

Im≥k¿ amX-a-√, lrtZm-Kw, izmkw-ap- v,]£m-LmXw Ch-sb√mw kΩm-\n-®n- mWv ]pI-bne \sΩ hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. ]pI-bne Dt]-£n-°q,\ß-sfbpw IpSw-_-sØbpw c£n-°q.

]pIhenbp≠m°p∂ KpcpXc BtcmKy]iv\ßfpsS hnhn[ hißƒ

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kaImenI

]p-cm-X-\ Im-ew ap-X¬-t° Kp-cp-X-c-am-b BtcmKy ]-iv-\-am-Wv I-cn-º-\n. _w-

Km-fn¬ Cu tcm-K-Øn-s‚ ]-bm-k-ßƒ G-sd Im-e-am-bn \o-≠ ]-cn-i-a-ßƒ-s°m-Sp-hn¬ tcm-K-sØ \n-b-¥n-°m-\m-sb-¶n-epw 70 I-fn¬ tcm-Kw Xn-cn-s®-Øn. a-‰p kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-te-°v Iq-Sn ]-S-cp-∂ km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ I-cn-º-\n \n-b-¥-W ]-≤-Xn F-∂ \n-e-bn¬ 1990˛91 ¬ _r-l-Øm-b ]-≤-Xn Xbm-dm-°n-. B-h-iy-am-b a-cp-∂p-Iƒ, Nn-In-’mkw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ, ]-cn-k-c ip-No-I-c-W-Øn-\m-bn Io-S-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, km-t¶-Xn-I k-lm-b-ßƒ F-∂n-h A-S-ßp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p ]-≤-Xn. ]m-Y-an-Im-tcm-Ky-tI-µ-ßƒ, a-te-dn-b \n-b-¥-W Hm- o-kp-Iƒ F-∂o tI-µ-ß-fm-Wv ]-≤-Xn \-S-Øn-∏n-\m-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. C-tX Xp-S¿-∂v Aev]-Im-e-tØ-°p tcm-Kw \n-b-¥-W-hn-t[-b-am-sb-¶n-epw 2002 ¬ ho-≠pw tcm-Km-Wp-°ƒ i-‡n ]m-]n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv Im-Wm-\m-b-Xv. tZ-io-b B-tcm-Ky \-b-Øn-s‚ m-K-am-bn 2002 ¬ 2010 \p-≈n¬ cm-Py-Øp-\n-∂pw I-cn-º-\n-bp-sS tcm-Km-Wp-°-sf ]q¿-W-am-bn C-√m-Xm-°m≥ am-Ã¿ πm≥ Xbm-dm-°n. F-∂m¬ ]-≤-Xn hn-P-bw Im-Wm-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v 2015 h-sc Zo¿-Ln-∏n-t°-≠n h-∂p. C-tXm-sSm-∏w A-b¬- cm-Py-ß-fm-b t\-∏mƒ, _w-•m-tZ-iv F-∂o cmPy-ß-fp-ambn kw-bp-‡ ]-≤-Xn-°pw [m-c-Wm-]-X-Øn¬ C¥y H-∏p-sh-®p. tZ-io-b B-tcm-Ky-an-j-\m-Wv C-t∏mƒ C-Ø-cw ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ\-S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv. tem-I-Øn¬ G-‰-hpw A-[n-Iw B-fp-I-fp-sS Po-h-s\-Sp-°p-∂ ]-I¿-®hym-[n "a-te-dn-b' B-Wv. A-Xp I-gn-™m¬ "Im-em A-k¿' A-Y-hm I-cn-º-\n-bpw. tcm-Km-Wp i-co-c-Øn¬ ]-th-in-®v 45 Zn-h-k-ßƒ-°v ti-jw am-X-am-Wv e-£-W-ßƒ ]p-d-Øv Im-Wp-∂-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-≠v X-s∂ tcm-Kn-°v a-c-Ww kw-`-hn-°m-\p-≈ km-[y-X h-f-sc Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. I-cn-º-\n-°v Ir-Xy-am-b a-cp-∂p I-≠p-]n-Sn-®n- n-√ F-∂-Xpw sh-√p-hn-fnD-b¿-Øp-∂p.

F-¥m-Wv I-cn-º-\n?

"km-‚ v ^vssf' F-∂ "a-W-eo-®' ]-S¿-Øp-∂ A-kp-J-am-Wv I-cn-º-\n. ]-ń, ]q-®,Ip-dp-°≥ F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n-∂pw tcm-Km-Wp ]-S-cp-∂p. hr-Øn-bn-√m-Ø Cu¿-∏-ap-≈ ]-X-ew, Ip-Xn¿-∂ am-en-\yw F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n-∂pw tcm-Km-Wp ]-S-cp-∂p. tcm-Kn-sb I-Sn-°p-∂Cu-®-bpw tcm-Kw ]-S¿-Øp-∂p. _o-lm¿, _w-Kmƒ, bp-]n, t\-∏mƒ Xp-S-ßn I-cn-º-\n I-≠v h-cp-∂ ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw tI-c-f-Øn¬ F-Øp-∂ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpw tcm-Kw ]-S-cm≥ Im-c-W°mcm-Ip-∂p.

e-£-W-ßƒ....

hn-´p-am-d-mØ I-Sp-Ø ]-\n, Ip-fn-cpw hn-d-b-epw, Np-a, i-co-c-£o-Ww, i-co-c-`m-cw Ip-d-b¬, tam-W-bn-epw aq-°n-epw c-‡kmhw, Xz-t°m I-tÆm a-™-tbm I-dp-t∏m \n-d-Øn¬ Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p, I-cƒ ho-°w F-∂n-h-bm-Wv ]-[m-\ e-£-W-ßƒ. hn-Z-Kv-[ Nn-In-’-bn-eq-sS am-X-ta tcm-Kw ÿ-nco-I-cn-°m-\m-Ip.

Nn-In-’

tcm-Kw I-s≠-Øn-bm¬ c-≠vB-gv-®-sIm-≠v Nn-In-’n-®v kp-J-s∏-Sp-Ømw. F-∂m¬ A-h-km-\-L- -Øn¬ am-X-ta I-s≠-Øm≥km-[n-°p-I-bp-≈p F-∂-Xm-Wvtcm-K-Øn‚ ]-tXy-I-X. b-Ym-k-a-bw tcm-Kw I-s≠-Øn-bn-√-¶n¬a-c-W km-[y-X 90 i-X-am-\-Øn¬A-[n-I-am-Wv. hr-Øn-bpw ip-Nn-Xz-hpw D-≈ A-¥-co-£-tØm-sS a-g-°m-e-sØ t\-cn- m¬ am-c-I tcm-K-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw ]-I¿-® hym-[n-I-fn¬ \n-∂pw c-£-t\-Smw. ]-Xn-h¿-jw A-©p e-£w t]¿-°m-Wv tcm-Kw _m-[n-°p-∂-sX-∂v B-tcm-Ky-cw-K-sØ K-th-j-I¿ ]-d-bp-∂p.

se-jv-ao-\n-b Po-\-kv hn-`m-K-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-∂ t]m-t´m-tkm-h tcm-K-am-Wv Im-em A-k¿. se-jv-ao-\n-b A-Y-hm Im-em A-k¿ ]-\n B-Zy-am-bn I-s≠-Øn-b-Xv 1824¬ sP-kv-tdm-anemWv. A-∂v C-¥y-bp-sS m-K-am-bn-cp-∂ sP-kv-tdmwC-∂p _w-•m-tZ-in-em-Wv. sF-dn-jvim-kv-X-⁄-\m-b tUm. hn-eywse-jv-a≥, kv-tIm-ń-jv im-kv-X-⁄-\m-b tUm. se-jv-am-\n-btUm-hm-\n F-∂n-h-cm-Wv tcm-KwI-s≠-Øn-b-Xv. 88 cm-Py-ß-fn¬Im-em A-k¿ tcm-Kw ]-S-cp-∂p-≠v. B-^n-°-bn-em-Wv tcm-Kw G-‰-hpw o-I-c-X ssI-h-cn-®n- p-≈-Xv.C-¥y-bn¬ h¿-j-ßƒ-°p-ap-ºvsIm¬-°-Ø-bn-ep-≈ H-cp ]- m-f-°m-c-\n-em-Wv Po-\-kv I-s≠-Øn-b-Xv. tcm-Kw aq¿-On-®-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v C-bmƒ a-c-W-s∏- n-cp-∂p. C-¥y-bn¬ Iq-Sp-X-em-bpw tcm-Kw ]-S-cp-∂-Xv Qm¿-J-fiv, _n-lm¿ F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-em-Wv. tZ-io-b B-tcm-Ky-h-Ip-∏n-s‚ I-W-°p-I-f-\p-k-cn-®v 52 Pn-√-I-fn¬ ]-\n ]-S¿-∂n- p-≠v.

Ip- n-Iƒ-°-S-°w Cu tcm-Kw]-S¿-∂p-]n-Sn-°mw. Iq-Sp-X-em-bpw]p-cp-j-∑m-cn-em-Wv tcm-Kw ]-S-cm-\p-≈ km-[y-X-bp-≈-Xv. Km-a-]-tZ-i-ß-fn-epw h-\-ta-J-e-bn-ep-ap-≈-h¿-°pw Im¿-jn-I, J-\-\ ta-J-e-bn¬ tPm-en-sN-øp-∂-h-sc-bp-am-Wv tcm-Kw s]-s -∂p _m-[n-°p-

dn-kv-hm-\m X-lv-ko≥

32

33

P\]YwkaImenI

I. km≥-Uv ^v-ssf ô-sa-bn¬ (a-W¬Cu-®) F-∂ Cu-®-bm-Wv tcm-Kw ]-c-Øp-∂-Xv. Cu-® Ip-Øn-b ap-dn-hn¬-\n-t∂msIm-Xp-In-s\ \-in-∏n-°p-tºmƒ ssI-I-fn¬ ]-S-cp-∂ c-‡-Øn-eq-sS-tbm \n-c-¥-c-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ kn-dn-©n-eq-sS-tbmtcm-Kw ]-S-cm≥ km-[y-X-bp-≠v. tcm-K-Im-c-W-am-b ssh-d-kv i-co-c-Øn¬ F-Øn-bm¬ 50 ap-X¬ 60 Zn-h-kw I-gn-™m¬am-X-ta ]-\n _m-[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. cm-Xn-bpw ]p-e¿-s®-bpw D-≠m-Ip-∂ ]-\n, hn-f¿-®, i-co-c- m-cw \-„-s∏-Sp-I F-∂n-h-bm-Wv tcm-K-e-£-W-ßƒ. πo-l, a-÷, A-ÿn F-∂n-h-sb-bm-Wv tcm-Kw _m-[n-°p-∂-Xv. c-‡-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv ssh-d-kv ]n-Sn-s]- n- p-t≠m-sb-∂v A-dn-bm≥ I-gn-bp-∂-Xv.

i-co-c-Øn¬ h-b-‰n-epw ap-J-Øpw I-dp-Ø sXm-en cq-]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp sIm-≠m-WvI-dp-Ø ]-\n-sb-∂v A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. C-

¥y-bn¬ am-X-am-Wv tcm-Kw h-cp-tºmƒC-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈ I-dp-Ø \n-dw h-cp-∂-Xv.]-\n ]n-Sn-s]-´-h¿-°v B-bp¿-th-Z-Øn¬Nn-In-’m ku-I-cy-ap-s≠-∂v B-bp¿-th-Z-cw-K-sØ hn-Z-Kv-[¿ ]-d-bp-∂p. 1999 \p-ap-ºm-Wv tI-c-f-Øn¬ Im-em A-k¿ dn-t∏m¿- v sN-bv-X-Xv. Iq-Sp-X-em-bpw a-[y-tI-c-f-Øn-epw h-S-°≥ Pn-√-I-fn-ep-am-Wv Im-em A-k¿ ]-S-cp-∂-Xv. 2011¬ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv H-f-h-Æ kz-tZ-in-bm-b aq-∂-c h-b-kp-Im-c-\n-em-Wv tcm-Kw ÿn-co-I-cn-®-Xv.20112012¬ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv, Xr-iq¿, ]m-e-°m-Sv, a-e-∏p-dw Pn-√-I-fn-se B-dp-t]¿-°v tcm-Kw ÿn-co-I-cn-®p. C-Xn¬ ]m-e-°m-Sv kz-tZ-in a-cn-®p. B-dp-h¿-j-Øn-\n-sS C-¥y-bn¬ a-c-Ww 333. B-dp-h¿-j-Øn-\n-sS C-¥y-bn¬ Im-em A-k¿ ]-\n _m-[n-®v a-cn-®-Xv 333 t]¿. Iq-Sp-X¬ a-c-W-ßƒ dn-t∏m¿- v sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv D-Ø-tc-¥y-bn-em-Wv. 2015 ¬ _n-lm-dn-em-Wv c-≠p a-c-Wwÿn-co-I-cn-®-Xv. 2010 em-Wv Im-em A-k¿

ag-sbØpw aptº ]Xn-tcm[w Xo¿°mwI-cn-º-\n:

_m-[n-®v G-‰-hpw Iq-Sp-X¬ B-fp-Iƒ C-¥y-bn¬ a-c-W-s∏-´-Xv 105 t]¿. h¿-jwa-c-Ww2015 (2), 2014 (11), 2013 (20), 2012(22), 2011 (80), 2010 (105), 2009 (93). I-cn-º-\n dn-t∏m¿- v sN-bv-X ap-≈q¿-°-c-bn¬tI-µ-Øn¬ \n-∂p-≈ hn-Z-Kv-[ kw-LwF-Øn ]-cn-tim-[n-®n-cp-∂p.

]-Xn-tcm-[w

km≥-Uv v-ssf o-sa-bn¬ Ip-Øm-Xn-cn-°m≥ ho-Spw ]-cn-k-c-hpw hr-Øn-bm-°p-I. Un.Un.Sn, Un.F-kv.Pn. kv-t] sN-bv-Xv ho-Spw ]-cn-k-c-hpw ip-No-I-cn-°p-I,a-g-°m-e-Øv \n-e-Øp-In-S-∂v D-d-ß-cp-Xv,sIm-Xp-Ip-h-e D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I, s_-Uv dqwhr-Øn-bm-bn kq-£n-°p-I, tem-j-\p-IƒD-]-tbm-Kn-®v ap-dn-Iƒ Zn-h-k-hpw hr-Øn-bm-°p-I.

saUn-°¬ hn-Zym¿-Yn-\n-bm-Wv te-Jn-I

"km-‚v vssf' AYhm "a-W-

eo-®' ]-c-Øp-∂ A-kp-J-am-Wv

I-cn-º-\n. ]- n, ]q-®, Ip-dp-°≥

F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n-∂pw tcm-Km-

Wp ]-S-cp-∂p. hr-Øn-bn-√m-Ø

Cu¿-∏-ap-≈ ]-X-ew, Ip-Xn¿-∂

am-en-\yw F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n-∂pw

tcm-Km-Wp hym]n°p∂p.

33

34

P\]Yw

kaImenI

]-£n-I-fp-sS tZ-im-S-\-sa-∂-Xv im-kv-X-tem-I-Øn-\v C-∂pw ]q¿-Æ-am-bn h-g-ßn-bn-ń-√m-Ø H-cp ]-Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. a-\p-jy-cp-sS im-kv-Xm- n-cq-Nn ]-Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®pw A-Xn¬ A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂ Po-hPm-e-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw h-kv-Xp-XIƒ a-\-kn-em-°p-∂-Xn-\v k-lm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. F-¶n-epw h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw Im-cy-ßƒ C-\n-bpw \-ap-°v a-\-kn-em-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Xncn-®-dn-thmsS -th-Ww ]-£n-I-fp-sS tZ-im-S-\-sØ-bpw k-ao-]n-°m≥.

D-jv-W-c-‡-ap-≈ Po-hn-I-sf-∂ \n-e-bn¬ ]-£n-Iƒ I-Sp-Ø Im-em-h-ÿ-I-fn¬-\n-∂v c-£-s]-Sp-∂-Xn-\v A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b Po-hn-X-km-l-N-cyw tX-Sn t]m-Ip-I-sb-∂-Xv kz- m-hn-I-am-sbm-cp-Im-cy-am-Wv. F-∂m¬ ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v ssa¬-Zq-cwh-gn-sX-‰m-sX-bpw ap-d-sX-‰m-sX-bpw Ir-Xy-

am-b-bn-S-ß-fn¬ ]-£n-Iƒ F-Øp-∂-Xv H-c¬-`p-Xw X-s∂. B¿-ń-Iv tS-Wn-s\-t∏m-se-bp-≈h D-Ø-c-[q-h-Øn¬-\n-∂v Z-£n-W [q-h-Øn-te-°pw t\-sc Xn-cn-®pw tZ-im-S-\w \-S-Øp-∂-]-£n-I-fm-Wv. C-h-cm-ImwG-‰-hpw Zq-c-Øn¬ tZ-im-S-\w \-S-Øp-∂-Xv. a-e-ap-I-fn¬-\n-∂v Xm-tg-°pw Xn-cn-sI-bpw tZ-im-S-\w \-S-Øp-∂ ]-£n-I-fp-ap-≠v.

-tem-I-sa X-d-hm-Sv F-∂v hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv tZ-im-S-\ ]-£n-Iƒ. cm-Pym-Xn¿-Øn-Iƒ Xm-≠n-b-h ]-d-°p-∂p. io-X-Im-ew Nn-e-h-gn-°m-\m-Im-an-Xv. A-s√-¶n¬ Iq-Sp-Iq- n Ip-™p-ß-sf hn-cn-bn-°m-\m-Imw.A-Xyp-jv-W-Øn¬-\n-∂v c-£-t\-Sm-\pam-Imw. C-ß-s\ ]-d-°p-∂ ]-£n-Iƒ ]-e-kz- m-h-°m-cpw m-j-°m-cpw kmw-kv-Im-cn-I \n-e-hm-c-ap-≈-h-cp-am-b a-\p-jy-cp-sS Im-cp-Wyw sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv Pn-hn-°p-∂-Xv.]-Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v ]-£n-Iƒ Iq-´-

tØm-sS tZ-im-S-\w \-S-Øp-tºmƒ A-h-sb Iq-´-tØm-sS th-´-bm-Sm-\n-S-bp-≠v. a-\p-jy-cp-sS a-cym-Z-bn-√m-Ø th- -bm-S¬-aq-e-am-Wv tem-I-Øv h≥-tXm-Xn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂ k-©m-cn-]m-hp-I-fpw tUm-tUm-]-£n-I-fp-sam-s° q-ap-J-Øp-\n-∂n-√m-Xm-b-Xv.

A-Xp-sIm-≠v tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-I-fp-sSkp-c-£ h-f-sc ]-[m-\-s∏-´-Im-cy-am-Wv.B-tKm-fm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-I-sf-°p-dn-®v P-\-ß-sf t_m-[-h¬-°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw A-h-bp-sS kw-c-£-Ww D-d-∏m-°m-\p-ap-≈ i-a-Øn-s‚ m-K-am-bm-Wv tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-Iƒ-°m-bn c-≠p-Zn-\w B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sa-bv c-≠mw B-gv-N-bn-se c-≠p-Zn-h-k-am-Wv tem-ItZ-im-S-\-]-£n-Zn-\-am-bn B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-sa-bv 10,11 Xo-b-Xn-I-fm-Wv Cu h¿-jw C-Xn-\m-bn sX-c-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]-e-t∏m-gpw tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ A-dn-hn-√m-bva-bpw A-

35

P\]YwkaImenI

h-sb th- -bm-Sp-∂-Xn-\v Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

F-s‚ Ip- n-°m-e-Øv B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v \o¿-]-£n-Iƒ-\q-d-\m-s´ F-s‚ ho-Sn-\-Sp-Øp-≈ sI.-]n.-tdm-U-cp-In-se a-c-ß-fn¬Iq-sSm-cp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pq¨ am-k-Øn-em-W-h h-cp-I. H-Iv-tSm-_¿ am-k-tØm-sS Iq-sSm-gn-™v t]m-Ipw. I-dp-∏pw sh-fp-∏pw \n-d-Øn-ep-≈ ]-£n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p A-Xn¬ Iq-Sp-X-epw. Np-h-∂-I-Æp-≈ X-e-bn¬ In-∂-cn-Xq-h-ep-≈ H-cp-Pm-Xn ]-£n-I-fpw Iq-´-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C-Xv ]m-Xn-cm-sIm-°m-sW-s∂m-s° ]n-∂o-Sm-Wv a-\-kn-em-b-Xv.R-ß-fp-sS A-¥n-N-¥-bn¬ I-dp-Ø-]-£n-tb-bpw (\o¿-Im-°) sh-fp-Ø-]-£n-tb-bpw(F-K-‰v-kv) Np-h-∂-I-Æp-≈ Nm-c-]-£n (]-mXn-cm-sIm-°v)-tb-bpw hn¬-°m≥ h-®n-cp-∂p. sIm-gn-bn-d-®n-sb-°mƒ cp-Nn-I-c-am-Wn-h-bp-sS C-d-®n-sb-∂-Xn-\m¬ N-¥-bn¬ ]-£n-Iƒ-°v \-√-Un-am‚p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nn-e-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ sh-Sn-°m¿ h-cpw. A-h¿t]m-eo-kv tÃ-j-\v k-ao-]-Øp-\n-∂v t]m-epw ]-£n-I-sf-Iq-´-tØm-sS sh-Sn-h-®n-´vsIm-≠p-t]m-Ipw. \m- n¬-Iq-sSm-cp-°m≥ h-cp-∂ kp-µ-c-∑m-cpw kp-µ-cn-I-fp-am-b ]-£n-I-sf C-ß-s\ sh-Sn -h-®p-sIm-√-∂-Xns\Xnsc Rm≥ Ip-d-®v kp-lr-Øp-°-sf Iq-ń Km-a-in t\-®¿ ¢-s∫-s∂m-cp-kw-L-S-\-bp-≠m-°n ]-Xn-tj-[-hp-am-bncw-K-Øp-h-∂p. C-tXm-sS ]-£n-th- ]q¿-W-am-bpw \n-∂p. Cu kw-L-S-\-bp-sS]n≥-_-e-Øm-em-Wv ]-£n-I-sf-°p-dn-®v Iq-Sp-X¬ a-\-kn-em-°p-∂-Xv. \qd-\mSv -\n-∂v1987 ¬ ]n.-sI. -D-Ø-a-s\-∂ ]-£n-\n-co-£-I≥ s]-cp-sIm-°v, C-S-sIm-°v F-∂o]-£n-Iƒ tI-c-f-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn Iq-sSm-cp-°p-∂-Xm-bn I-s≠-Øn. CXn-\v F-\n-°vkm-£n-bm-Im-\pw I-gn-™p. H-cp Im-cywD-d-∏n-®v ]-d-bm-\m-Ipw B-sc-¶n-epw Ip-d-

kn.- d-lnw

®p-t]¿ tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-I-sf B-I-an-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-sc i-_v-Zw D-b¿-Øn-bm¬ ]-£n th-´-X-\n-sb \n¬-°pw. C-t∏mƒ i-‡-am-b \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ ]n≥-_-e-hpw ]-Ir-Xn kv-t\-ln-Iƒ-°v e-`n-°pw. am-[y-a-Pm-K-X-bpw C-°m-cy-Øn-ep-≠v.

B-hm-k-tI-µ-ß-fp-sS \m-iw tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-Iƒ t\-cn-Sp-∂ Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]-iv-\-am-Wv. X-Æo¿-Ø-S-ß-fpw h-\-ß-fpwIp-∂p-I-fpw ]m-d-s°- p-I-fpw \-Zo-X-S-ß-fp-sam-s° h≥-tXm-Xn-em-Wv \-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]-S-t]-Sn-®v ]-¥-f-Øv sN-∂-t∏mƒ ]-¥w sIm-fn-Øn-∏-S-sb-∂ ÿn-bn-em-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂ tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-Iƒ. ]-Ir-Xn-kw-c-£-W-Øn-\v I¿-i-\-am-b \-S-]-Sn-I-fp-≠m-bm¬-am-X-sa C-sXm-s° km-[y-am-Ip. Po-hn-X-io-e-ß-fn¬ em-fn-Xyw ]p-e¿-Øm≥ P-\-ßƒ X-bm-dm-I-Ww. Im-em-h-ÿ-hy-Xn-bm-\w h-f-sc Ku-c-h-X-c-am-b]-iv-\-am-Wv. a-\p-jy-cp-≠m-°p-∂ Ip-g-∏-ß-fm-Wv Im-em-h-ÿm-hy-Xn-bm-\-sØ Iq-Sp-X¬-_m-[n-°p-∂-sX-∂v ]-Ir-Xn-im-X-⁄¿ Nq-≠n-°m- p-∂p. a-‰v ]-Ir-Xn-]-Xn-`m-k-ß-fpw C-Xn-\v Im-c-W-am-sW-∂v k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p. F-¶n-epw a-\p-jy-cp-sS C-S-s]-S¬ Ip-d-®m¬-X-s∂ h-en-b-tXm-Xn¬B-izm-kw e- n-t®-°mw.

tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-Iƒ-°m-bn c-≠v Zn-h-k-sa-∂-Xv ]-Xo-Im-flw am-X-am-Wv. ]-Ir-Xn-k-cw-£-W-]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°v ap≥-Xq-°w\¬-In-bp-≈ Po-hn-X-ssi-en-bpw hn-I-k-\-cw-K-sØ B-kq-X-W-hp-am-Wv ap-Jy-am-bp-≈-Xv. k-l-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sv Im-cp-Wy-tØm-sS-bp-≈ k-ao-]-\-hpw kzo-I-cn-°-Ww. \-Ωp-sS \m- n-se-Øp-∂ Nn-d-Ip-≈ hn-cp-∂p-Im-sc kv-t\-l-tØm-sS kzo-I-cn-°-Ww.A-h¿ e-£y-ßƒ \n-d-th-‰n a-S-ßm-\p-≈ A-h-k-cw \n-tj[n-°-cp-Xv. C-sXm-s°-bm-Wv \-Ωƒ sN-tø-≠-Xv.

B-hm-k-tI-µ-ß-fp -sS

\m-iw tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-Iƒ

t\-cn-Sp-∂ Kp-cp-Xc ]-iv-\-

am-Wv. ]-S-t]-Sn-®v ]-¥-f-Øv

sN-∂-t∏mƒ ]-¥w sIm-fn-

Øn-∏-S-sb-∂ ÿn-bn-em-bn-

t∏m-Ip-∂p tZ-im-S-\-]-£n-

Iƒ.

35

36

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kaImenI

DjvWtam ioXtam Bbn´mWp ImemhÿIƒ \ap°v

A\p`hs∏Sp∂Xv. inincØn¬ Bcw`n®v hk¥hpw IS∂pKojvaØn¬ Ahkm\n°p∂Xv DjvWImehpwh¿jØnemcw`n® v icØpw IS∂p tla¥Øn¬Ahkm\n°p∂Xv XWp∏pImehpamWv. ag°mehpwa™pImehpsa√mw Cu XWp∏p ImeØn¬s]Spw. CXn¬\n∂p hyXykvXambn tIcfØn¬ c≠p h¿jImeap≠v.AXnITn\amb a™pImew ChnsS A\p`hs∏Smdpan√.

P\phcn Ahkm\tØmsSbmWv DjvWImewBcw`n°p∂Xv. NqSv IqSn°qSn Pq¨˛Pqsse BIptºmtg°pw Kojvaw AXns‚ aq¿≤\yØnseØp∂p. F∂m¬Ct∏mƒ NcnXØn¬ D≠mbnń√mØ hn[w NqSv h¿≤n°pIbmWv. ISpØ th\¬NqSn¬ A¥co£ØnsePemwiw h≥tXmXn¬ Ipd™ncn°p∂p. \ΩpsS \mńsePetkmXpIsf√mw h‰n hc≠ncn°p∂p. hr£eXmZnIƒNqtS‰p hmSn°cnbp∂p. th\¬®qSn¬ ]]©Ønse∂t]mse icocØnepw Pemwiw h≥tXmXn¬ Ipdbm\nSbmIp∂p. NqSns‚ B[nIyw sIm≠pw icocØnse PemwiwIpdbp∂Xp aqehpap≈ AkzÿXIfpw tcmKßfpwD≠mIm\p≈ km[yX Ct∏mƒ IqSpXemWv.

XeNp‰¬, £oWw, A[nIamb hnb¿∏v ,icocØn\p NpSp®n¬, Nph∏v, ]pI®n¬, XÆo¿Zmlw,]cthiw, tamlmekyw, hnf¿® XpSßnbh Cu sImSpw

th\en¬ D≠mImhp∂XmWv. NqSpIpcp apX¬ NqSns\]Xntcm[n°m≥ IgnbmØXpaqeap≈ N¿Ω tcmKßƒ hscD≠mImw. £pZ akqcnI (Nn°≥t]mIvkv) tcmam¥nI(aÆ≥) F∂nh ]S¿∂p ]nSn°mw. a™]nØtcmKßfpwc‡]nØ (c‡kmhmtcmKßfpw D≠mIm≥ km[yXbp≠v.hnkvt^mS (s]m≈¬) tcmKßƒ°pw km[yX GsdbmWv.

NqSns\ ]Xntcm[n°m\pXIp∂Xpw icocØnsePemwisØ h¿[n∏n°p∂Xpamb Blmc]m\obßfpwNcymhntijßfpw iotXm] Nmcßfpw sIm≠v th\¬NqSvaqeap≠mIp∂ tcmKßsfbpw AkzmÿyßsfbpwHgnhm°m\mhpw.

Fcnhv, ]pfn, D∏v, Cu ckßfp≈Xpw, Dƒ]pgp°p≠m°p∂Xpamb Blmc ]Zm¿∞ßƒ ]q¿Æ ambpwHgnhm°Ww. a[pc ckap≈ Blmc ]Zm¿∞ßfmWv CuImemhÿbn¬ D]tbmKnt°≠Xv. ]tal tcmKnIƒ°pt]mepw Afhv A[nIcn°mØ XcØn¬ Aev]kzev]w a[pcw D]tbmKn°mw. a[pcap≈ Blmcßƒ\∂mbn ]mIs∏SpØn Zhcq]Ønem°n XWp∏n®p s\bvtN¿Øp Ign°mw. cmXn ]m¬°™ntbm s\bv tN¿ØI™ntbm IpSn°mw. ]m¬ ]©kmc tN¿Øp Ipdp°nIgn°mw. XWpØ ae¿s∏mSn ]©kmc tN¿Øv Ipgºpcq]Ønem°n Aen®v Cd°mw. aecvsh≈w ]©kmctN¿Øp IqsS°qsS°pSn®m¬ £oWw amdn Dtïjw In´pw.Cf\ocpw kw`mchpw IpSn°mw.

IpfntcIm≥ ]Ir-Xn-ZØ am¿K-ßƒ

th\¬°meØv icocØn\pw a\kn\pw

Dt∑jZmbIamIp∂ BtcmKy ioeßƒ

36

37

P\]YwkaImenI

hmg∏gw, N°∏gw, amºgw, B∏nƒ, Hmd©v,ap¥ncnßm, Cu¥∏gw XpSßnb ]gh¿Kßfpw ]g®mdpIfpw Ign°mw. Bń≥ amwkhpw Bń≥ kq∏pw Ign°mw.Fcpa∏men¬ ]©kmc tN¿Øp cmXn InS°m≥ t\cwIgn®m¬ kpJamb Dd°w In´pw.

IqSpX¬ Pemwiw icocØn\p Int´≠Xp≠v.ip≤amb XWpØ sh≈w IpSn°mw. Xnf∏n®mdnØWp∏n®sh≈w IpSn°mw. I¿∏qcs∏mSn tN¿Øp ]mXncm∏qhns‚K‘w ]nSn∏n® XWpØ sh≈w IpSn°mw. cma®w, aecv,Ccpthen Ch Xnf∏n®mdnbsh≈w ]©kmc tN¿ØpIpSn°mw. \dp\o≠nsh≈w ]©kmctN¿Øp IpSn°mw.XÆnaØ≥ Ign°pIbpw AXns‚ Pyqkv IpSn°pIbpwsNømw. iXmhcnbpw \dp\o≠nbpan´p Xnf∏n®v BdnØWpØ sh≈w ]©kmc tN¿ØpIpSn°mw. ]©kmc]mSn√mØh¿°v i¿°ctbm tXt\m tN¿Øp IpSn°mw.a¨]mXØn¬ cma®w C´p h®ncp∂ XWpØ sh≈wIpSn°mw. ]XpapIan´v Xnf∏n® XWpØ sh≈w IpSn°mw.ASs]mXnb≥ Ingßpw Nµ\hpw C´v Xnf∏n®mdnbsh≈wXWp∏n®p ]©kmc tN¿Øp Ign°mw.

icocØn\p NpSp®n¬, ]pI®n¬ Chbp≠mbm¬Nµ\°jmbw ]©kmc tN¿Øp tkhn°mw. Nn‰arXv,]XpapIw, cma®w, sImØa√n, c‡Nµ\w Ch Ijmbwh®p IpSn°mw. apØßm, Nµ\w, Ccpthen, ]¿∏SI∏p√v,cma®w Chbn´p sh≈w Xnf∏n®p IqsS°qsS IpSn°mw.a™ƒ, tX‰mºc¬, s\√n°, sX‰nthcv, ]mt®m‰nsØmen,sNdqf Chbn´p Ijmbw h®p IpSn°mw.

th\¬®qSn¬ hymbmaw th≠. IqSpX¬ XSn®hcpwamwkmlmcw IqSpXembn°gn°p∂hcpw eLphmbn amXwhymbmaw sNøpI. XWpØsh≈Øn¬ Ipfn°Ww.shfns®Æ XnêmNq¿Æw tN¿Øp aq∏n®p Xebn¬tXbv°mw. Itøm∂ymZn FÆtbm _eKpfqNymZn FÆtbmNµ\mZn FÆtbm Xebn¬ tXbv°mw.

shfns®Ætbm \s√Ætbm Aev]w s]msïgptImsN©eytam tN¿Øp aq∏n®v AXp tZlØp tXbv°mw.]nWvUssXew, _emKpfpNymZn ssXew, jmjvSnI ssXew,ChbntesX¶nepw tZlØp tX®v Ipfn°mw. \mev]macmZntIcw tX®pw Ipfn°mw. ]mt®m‰n, I¿∏qcw, cma®w, Nµ\w,c‡Nµ\w, AIn¬ ChbntesX¶nepw Ac®ptZlØp]qip∂Xp NqSns\ ]Xntcm[n°m≥ \√XmWv.

\Kcßfn¬ ]m¿°p∂h¿ Pe[mcm kwhn[m\ßfp≈Xpw kpK‘]pjv]ßfp≈Xpw at\mlchpamb]m¿°pIfn¬ IpńItfmsSm∏w IpSpw_klnXw kmbm”ßƒ sNehgn°p∂Xp \√XmWv. \nemhp≈ cmXnIfn¬ t\¿ØhkvXw [cn®p a´p∏mhpIfn¬ InS°p∂Xpw\√XmWv. Kmaßfnep≈h¿, \nemhp≈ cmXnIfn¬Krlm¶Wßfn¬ IqSpX¬ kabw sNehgn°Ww.

Ińbp≈ hkvXßƒ [cn°cpXv. t\¿Ø ]cpØnhkvXßƒ [cn°p∂XmWv Cu th\¬NqSn¬ A`nImayw.ssewKnIX HgnhmIpItbm, \o≠ CSthfIfnem°pItbmBhmw. a\¥m]w Hgnhm°m≥ ]camh[n ian°Ww.]pdsØ®qSpw a\ns‚ NqSpamhptºmƒ BtcmKywAhXmfØnemhpat√m.

(ap≥ Bbq¿thZ saUn°¬ hnZym- ymk Ub-d-IvS-dm-Wvte-J-I≥)

tUm. ]n.sI. taml≥em¬ Fw.Un. (Bbq¿thZ)

pfntcIm≥ ]Ir-Xn-ZØ am¿K-ßƒ

37

38

P\]Yw

kaImenI

k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\ L-S-I-am-Wv Ip-Spw-_w. hy-‡n-bp-sS-bpw k-aq-l-Øn-s‚-bpw B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-b \n-e-\n¬-∏n-\v A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-bn h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xv kw-Xr-]v-X-am-b Ip-Spw-_-ß-fm-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-hy-h-ÿ-sb A-h-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v ap-t∂m-´v t]m-hp-I A-km-≤y-am-sW-∂v B-[p-\n-I tem-I-Øn-\v t_m-[y-s∏- ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv \-√ Ip-Spw-_-ßƒ sI-ń-∏-Sp-°m≥ B-tKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ Du¿-÷n-X i-a-ß-ƒ \-S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. \-jv-S-s∏- p t]m-b Ip-Spw-_ kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ Xn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-°m-\p-≈ B-kq-Xn-X-am-b\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]-tXy-In-®pw ]-Sn-™m-d≥ \m-Sp-I-fn¬C-∂v Zr-iy-am-Wv. F-√m h¿-j-hpw ta-bv 15 A-¥m-cm-jv-S Ip-Spw-_-Zn-\-am-bn sF-Iy-cm-jv-S kw-L-S-\ X-s∂ B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xpw C-Xn-s‚ m-K-am-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-ßƒ, B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-b Po-hn-X-hpw kp-ÿn-c m-hn-bpw F-∂-Xm-Wv C-s°m-√-sØ Zn-\m-N-c-W-Øn-s‚]-ta-bw.

a-e-bm-fn-Iƒ-°v kp-Zr-V-am-b Ip-Spw-_-_-‘-ß-sf Ip-dn-®v ]-tXy-In-®v ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn-√.F-s¥-√mw ]-cn-an-Xn-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw Iq- p-Ip-Spw-_-_-‘-ß-fp-sS kp-c-£n-X-Xz-Øn-epw X-W-en-epw h-f¿-∂-h-cm-Wv \-Ωƒ. ]-e ssI-h-gn-I-fpwim-tJm-]-im-J-I-fp-am-bn kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚-bpw ]-cn-K-W-\-bp-sS-bpw ]-cn-em-f-\-Iƒ a-Xn-bm-thm-fw ]-I¿-∂v tem-I-sØ hn-kv-a-bn-∏n-®n- p-≈-Xm-Wv \-Ωp-sS Ip-Spw-_-hy-h-ÿ. ssI-hn-´p-t]m-b Ip-Spw-_-hy-h-ÿ-sb Ip-dn-®v ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿-s°-√mw ]mT-]p-kv-X-I-am-W-Xv. F-∂m¬ am-dn-h-cp-∂ km-aq-ln-I Np-‰p-]m-Sn¬A-Wp-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn-te-°v Nn-∂n-Nn-X-dn-b \-ap-°v _-‘-ß-fn-se Du-jv-a-f-X \n-e-\n¿-Øm≥ km-[n-°p-∂p-t≠m F-∂-Xv B-i-¶m-P-\-I-am-b tNm-Zy-am-Wv in-Yn-e-am-Ip-∂ _-‘-ß-fp-sS I-Y-Iƒ C-∂v ho-Sp-Iƒ-°p-≈n¬ H-Xp-ßn-\n¬-°p-∂n-√. t]-Sn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X-c-Øn¬ A-h ]-X-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ \n-d-s™m-gp-Ip∂p.

hr-≤-am-Xm-hn-s‚ kw-kv-Im-c-N-S-ßn-\v a-°-sf hn-fn-®p-h-cp-Øm≥ tIm-S-Xn- C-S-s]-tS-≠ Zp-c-h-ÿ-sbIp-dn-®m-Wv C-∂v tIƒ-°p-∂-Xv. ]n-©p-a-I-sf Im-ap-I-s\ sIm-≠v A-cpw-sIm-e sN-øn-°p-∂ am-Xm-hn-s\ Ip-dn-®v \-Ωp-sS \m- n¬ \n-∂p X-s∂ tIƒ-t°-≠n h-cp-∂-Xv F-X-ta¬ th-Z-\m-P-\-I-am-Wv. ¿-Øm-

°≥-am-cp-sS ssI-I-fm¬ a-c-Ww G-‰p-hm-tß-≠nh-cn-I-tbm Po-h-—-h-ß-fmhp-I-tbm sN-øp-∂ F-X-sb-¶n-epw k-tlm-Z-cn-am-cp-≠v. Cu ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ tem-I-Ip-Spw-_ Zn-\m-N-c-W-Øn¬ \-ap-°pw]mT-ap-≠v.

Zm-cn-Zy-\n¿-am-P-\w, ]-¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-eq-sS km-º-Øn-I D-∂-a-\w, km-aq-ln-I hn-I-k-\w, P-\-t£-aw F-∂n-h-bv-s°m-∏w ]-cn-ÿn-Xn kw-c-£-W-hpwDƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠v hn-]p-e-hpw Zo¿-L-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-ap-≈ B-i-b-ß-fpw ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-am-Wv C-s°m-√-sØ Zn-\m-N-c-W-w ap-t∂m- p h-bv-°p-∂-Xv. Ip- n-Iƒ-°pw hr-≤¿-°pw ]-tXy-I ]-cn-K-W-\ \¬-Im-\pw Hm-tcm Ip-Spw-_mw-K-Øn-t‚-bpwkp-ÿn-c-X D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\pw Zn-\m-N-c-Ww B-lzm-\w sN-øp-∂p. Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂v sXm-gn¬ cw-K-tØ-°v C-d-tß-≠n h-∂ kv-Xo-Iƒ ]-et∏m-gpwA- n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂ th-Z-\-Iƒ-°v B-iz-k-ta-Im-\pw C-Xn-eq-sS e-£yw h-bv-°p-∂p. Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se-bpw sXm-gn-en-S-sØ-bpw k-Ω¿-±-ßƒ-°v kv-XoH-cp t]m-se C-c-bm-tI-≠n h-cp-∂-Xv Ip-Spw-_-sØX-s∂-bm-Wv D-e-bv-°p-∂-Xv. ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-bp-sS`m-hn-sb-bpw C-Xv _m-[n-°p-∂p. C-Xv I-W-°nse-Sp-ØpsIm-≠m-Wv Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se F-√m Aw-K-ßƒ-°pw kp-ÿn-Xn F-∂ ap-Zm-hm-Iyw D-b¿-Øp-∂-Xv.

Ip-Sw-_-Øn-s‚ [¿-a-ßƒ

Iq- p-Ip-Spw-_-am-bm-epw A-Wp-Ip-Spw-_-am-bm-epw_-‘-ßƒ-°v hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b [¿-a-ß-fp-≠v. ]-i-kv-X k-aq-l-im-kv-X-⁄-\m-b a-Iv sF-h-dp-S A-`n-]m-b-Øn¬ B-[p-\n-I Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚ ]-Y-a[¿-a-w k-¥m-t\m-Xv-]m-Z-\w, Ip- n-I-fp-sS ]-cn-c-£,]-cn-N-c-Ww, Z-º-Xn-I-fp-sS ssew-Kn-Im-h-iy-ß-fp-sS]q¿-Øo-I-c-Ww, eu-In-I-hpw kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-hpwssh-Im-cn-I-hp-am-b Km¿-ln-I-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b Po-hn-Xw F-∂n-h-bm-Wv. F-∂m¬Po-h-im-kv-X-]-c-am-bpw km-aq-ln-I-am-bn- p-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv ]-[m-\ [¿-a-ßƒ.

Fkv. Iam-ep-±o≥

38

39

P\]YwkaImenI

a-\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw [-\y-am-Ip-∂-Xpw im-]-am-Ip-∂-XpwIp-ń-°m-e-Øv e-`n-°p-∂ A-\p-`-h-ß-sf B-i-bn-®n-cn-°p-sa-∂v dq-tm -]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. ]-cn-k-c-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏- kzm-[o-\ L-S-I-ß-sf c-≠p hn- m-K-ß-fm-bnXn-cn-°mw. Ip-Spw-_-]-cw, hn-Zym-`ym-k ÿm-]-\-]-cw.C-h-bn¬ Ip- n-I-fp-sS hn-Im-k-Øn¬ \n¿-Wm-b-I-am-bkzm-[o-\w sN-ep-Øp-∂-Xv Ip-Spw-_m-¥-co-£-Øn¬ \n-∂p-ap-≈ L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv. Ip- n-I-fp-sS hn-Im-k-Øn-s‚A-Sn-Ø-d ]m-Ip-∂-Xv am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬ \n-∂p-ap-≈kzm-[o-\-am-Wv. am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬ \n-∂pw a-‰v Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw e- n-°p-∂ ]mT-ß-fm-Wv Ip-™p-ß-fp-sS B-Zy N-hn-´-Sn \n-›-bn-°p-∂-Xv. A-Xn-\m¬sI- p-d-∏p-≈ Ip-Spw-_w Hm-tcm Ip-™n-s‚-bpw h-f¿-®-bv-°v A-Xy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

C-∂-e-sØ bp-h-P-\-ß-fp-sS Po-hn-X Z¿-i-\-a-√C-∂-sØ bp-h-P-\-ß-fp-tS-Xv. AXm-bn-cn-°n√ \m-f-sØbp-h-P-\-ß-fp-tS-Xv. hn-Zym- ym-k- -Zm-º-Xy- -sXm-gn¬- -hn-t\m-Z Im-cy-ß-fn¬ am-‰-ßƒ h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Ip-

kp-ÿn-c-tem-I-Øn-s‚A-Sn-ÿm-\-L-S-Iw

Spw-_-Po-hn-X ssi-en-bpw am-dpw. F-∂m¬ H-cp k-Xyw am-Xw \n-e-\n¬-°pw. hn-hm-l-sa-∂ D-S-º-Sn-bpw a-\p-jy-_-‘-ß-fp-sS Cu-‰n-√-am-b Ip-Spw-_-hpw C-√m-Ø H-cp km-aq-ln-I Po-hn-X-I-aw A-km-[y-am-sW-∂ k-Xyw.

sI-´p-d-∏p-≈ hn-hm-l-Po-hn-X-hpw Ip-Spw-_ _-‘-ß-fpw k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ sI- p-d-∏n-s\ Zr-V-am-°pw.a-\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ kp-ÿn-c-am-b m-hn-bn-te-°v \-bn-°pw. Cu bm-Ym¿-Yy-sØ ]q¿-W-am-bpwDƒ-s°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv Cu h¿-j-sØ tem-I Ip-Spw-_-Zn-\m-N-c-W-Øn-s‚ k-tµ-iw.

IpSpw_Øns‚ ]m[m\yhpw [¿aßfpw Fs¥∂v temI

IpSpw_Zn\tØmS\p_‘n®v Hcp hnNn¥\w...

39

tIcf k¿h-I-em-ime ap≥ sl¬Øv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-kdpw ^manen I¨kƒ´‚p-amWvteJ-I≥

40

P\]Yw

kaImenI

Hcp Ip™n\v P∑w \¬Ip-tºm-gmWvkvXo P∑w ]q¿W-am-Ip-I. temI-Øn¬ kam-\-X-I-fn-√msX ]pI-gvØ-s∏- n- p-≈-XmWv amXr-kvt\-lw. X∂n¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp ss]X-ens‚ Pohs\ Ah¿ Xt∂m-f-a√ Xt∂-°m-tfsdAaq-ey-ambn ]cn-]m-en-°p∂p. Hmtcm AΩbv°pwXs‚ ico-c-Øn-\p-]p-dØv kv]µn-°p∂ as‰mcplrZ-b-amWv Ah-fpsS Ip™v. AΩ-bmWvIp™ns‚ BZy-Kp-cp. Hcp Ip™ns‚ a\-n¬\∑-bp-sSbpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw \oXn-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw BZy-]mTw ]I-cp-∂Xv AΩ-bm-Wv.F∂m¬ C∂sØ kaq-l-Ønse kvXoIƒsshhn-[y-am¿∂ thj-ßfpw Npa-X-e-IfpwssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xp-aq-e-ap≈ \yq\-X-Iƒ\ap°v ad-®p-sh-°m-\m-In-√.

K¿ -]m-X-Øn¬ Pohs‚ XpSn∏v Df-hm-Ip∂BZy-\mƒ Xs∂ AΩ-bpsS am\-kn-I, imco-cnI kuJyw `qW-Øns‚ kºq¿W hf¿®sb_m[n-°p∂p F∂p amX-a-√, D≠m-Im-\n-cn-°p∂B Ip™ns‚ Poh-\nepw ]Xn- -en-°p-∂p. ape-∏m-ens‚ amlmflyw Adn-bm-Ø-h-cmbn Bcp≠v?temI-sa-ºmSpw ape-bq- ¬ hmcw Xs∂ BtLm-jn-°p-tºmƒ (HmKÃv H∂v Ggv) \ΩpsS Iq´-Ønse FX AΩm¿°v Xs‚ Ip™ns\ Bdp-am-k-sa-¶nepw XnI®v ape-bq- m≥ km[n-°p∂p?Hcp Ip™ns‚ \mhn¬ tX≥ a[p-c-ambn h¿Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ B Poh≥ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ ]Ir-Xn-bpsS G‰hpw tijvT-h-c-Zm-\-amb ape-∏m¬ C∂v\ΩpsS Ip™p-ßƒ°v A\yw-\n∂p t]mIp-∂p.

]k-h-tijw Ip™ns\ emfn®p sImXn-Xo-cpw aptº tPmen-°p-t]m-tI-≠n-h-cp∂ AΩ-am¿,Hcp-h-b-mIpw aptº tUsI-b¿ As√-¶n¬CXc ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ sIm≠m-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ipcp-∂p-Iƒ! tPmen- mcw sIm≠v £oWn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒIp™ns\ sIm©n-°mt\m Ah-cp-sS-IqsS Ifn-

amXrXzw

°mt\m kabw Is≠-Øm-\m-ImsX hoUntbm sKbn-ap-Ifpw S®v t^mWpwSm_ve-‰p-I-fp-sams° hmßn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ A—-\-Ω-am¿! \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øns‚ Zpc-h-ÿ-bpsS ]Xn- -e-\-ßƒ!

\ΩpsS ss]X-ßƒ°v IpSpw-_-sa-∂Xv C∂v ]e-t∏mgpw Bb-bnepwXs‚ Iøn¬ In´p∂ em]vtSm-∏nepw sIm®p Snhn-bnepw HXp-ßp-∂p. CXvAh-cpsS hf¿®-sbbpw kz`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-W-sØbpw kmc-ambn _m[n-°p∂p.

Hmń-ÃnIv kvs]Œw Untkm-tU-gvkv, teWnMv Unsk_n-en-‰o-kv, sUh-e-]vsa‚¬ Untkm-tUgvkv, kv]o®v Unte F∂n-h-bpsS \nc°v kaq-l-Øn¬ h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. A—-\-Ω-am-tc-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ ka-]m-b-°m-tcmSv a\-p-Xp-d-°p∂ Iuam-c-]m-b-°m¿ hgn-hn´ Pohn-X-Øn-te°pwZp¿\-S-∏n-te°pw hgp-Xn-ho-gp-∂p. _meyw apgp-h≥ hoSns‚ \mep Npa-cp-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ _‘n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ip™p-ß-fn¬ Aan-X-h-Æw, ]ta-lw,Db¿∂ c‡-k-Ω¿Zw F∂n-hbpw I≠p-h-cp-∂p. h¿W-ß-fpsS \nd-°q´vI≠p-h-f-tc≠ Ip™p-ßƒ Ccp- ns‚ XS-h-d-bn¬ AI-s∏-Sp∂p.

IÆn\p Ipfn¿a \¬Ip∂ IS-em-kp-tXm-Wn-Iƒ t]mse-bmWv \ΩpsSIpcp-∂p-Iƒ. Agp-°p-Nm-en¬ hoWv A‘-Im-c-Øns‚ Ib-ß-fn¬ apßn-Øm-gmsX \ap°v Ahsc ssI]n-Sn-®p-I-b-‰mw. \msf-bpsS Xmt°m¬ kq£n-∏p-Im-cmb \ΩpsS ]nt©m-a-\-Isf \ap°v Icp-X-temsS kwc-£n-°mw.AXm-bn-cn-°Ww amXr-Xz-Øns‚ a[p-c-ambn Ipń-I-fn¬ ]I-tc-≠-Xv.

(]oUn-bm-So-jy-\mWv teJn-I)

S®v t^mWn¬HXp-ß-cpXvS®v t^mWn¬HXp-ß-cpXv

amXrXzw

tUm. tizXm tacn

Hmtcm AΩbv°pw Xs‚ ico-c-Øn-

\p-]p-dØv kv]µn-°p∂ as‰mcp

lrZ-b-amWv Ah-fpsS Ip™v.

41

P\]YwkaImenI

Ip-fw \n-d-bp-∂ ao≥. sXm-gp-Øv\n-d-sb ]-ip-°ƒ. ap-‰-am-sI tIm-gn-bpwXm-dm-hpw. X-W-sem-cp-°n am-hp-Iƒ. \n-d-Ip-e-I-fp-am-bn hm-g-°q- w. I-sÆ-Øm Zq-c-tØm-fw hn-f-bp-∂ ]-®-°-dn-Iƒ. a-Æn-\-Sn-bn¬ \n-[n H-fn-∏n-®v ac-®o-\n X-e-∏p-Iƒ. m-h-\-bn-e-√ C-h-sbm-∂pw. sIm-√-sØ sh-fn-bw F-∂ Km-a-Øn¬.

]n. hn-t\m-Zv Ip-am-sd-∂ ap≥ ]hm-kn-bpsS ]d-ºn-emWv Cu ImgvN-Iƒ.km-º-Øn-I am-µy-sØØp-S¿∂v P∑\m-ń-¬ a-S-ßn-sbØnb hn-t\m-Zv A-[zm-\n-°m-\p-≈ a-\-kp-d-∏p-am-bn a-Æn-te-°n-dßn. B-Zyw Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv hm-g-Ir-jn. kz-¥-am-bp-≈ aq-t∂-°-dn¬ \n-d-™p hm-g-Iƒ. hm-g-Iƒ Ip-e-®v X-g-®p. h-cp-am-\wh-∂p Xp-S-ßn. aq-∂v X-e-ap-d hn-f-sh-Sp-∏m-Wv C-hn-sS \-S-Øn-b-Xv. ]-s£ sh-≈-Øn-s‚ A-]-cym-]v-X-X Ir-jn-°v o-j-Wn-bm-bn. A-ß-s\-bm-Wv Ir-jn-bn-S-Øn\vHm-cw tN¿-∂v Ip-fw Ip-gn-®-Xv. sh-≈-Øns‚ Ip-d-hv \n-I-Øm≥ Ip-gn-® Ip-f-Øn-te-°v ]-co-£-Wm¿Yw ao≥ hn-Øp-I-sf-dn-™p. ao≥ h-f¿-Øn-s‚ c-k-X-¥wtX-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]n-∂o-Sv. A-tXm-sS I-Y am-dn. \m- n¬ km-[m-c-W In- m-Ø ao≥

C-\-ß-f-S-°w hn-f-™p. \-´¿ F-∂ ao≥ ]n-∂o-Sv sIm-≠p h-∂-Xvh-cp-am-\-Øn-s‚ Xn-f-°-am-bn-.

tcm-lp, Km-kv Im¿-∏v, B-‰p hm-f, kn-tem-∏n-b F-∂o C-\-ßƒ Iq-Sn Ip-f-Øn¬ s]-cp-In. B-h-iy-°m-cp-sS F-Æ-hpw. sN-dn-b tXm-Xn¬ Xp-S-ßn-b ao≥Ir-jn \m-´p te-ew h-sc-b-Øn \n¬-°p-∂p. ao≥ sIm-≠p h-∂ k-º-Øn-s‚ \n-d-hn¬ Ir-jn-bp-sS hn-hn-[ ta-J-e-Ifnte°v hnt\mZv Nph-Sp-sh-®p.

ao≥ Ip-f-Øn-\pw hm-g-tØm- -Øn-\pwA-cn-In¬ Im-en-sØm-gp-Øp-Iƒ. In-Sm-ß-f-S-°w A-º-tXm-fw ]-ip-°-fp-≠n-hn-sS.C-h-sc-√mw Iq-Sn 600 en-‰¿ h-sc ]m¬Np-c-Øp-∂p Zn-h-k-hpw. A-Xn-e-[n-Iw B-h-iy-°m-cp-≠v \-√ ]-ip-hn≥ ]m-en-\v.A-Xp sIm-≠v ]-ip-°-fp-sS F-Æw Iq- m-\p-≈ H-cp-°-Øn-em-Wv hn-t\m-Zn-t∏mƒ.I-d-h b-¥-hpw D-S-s\-Øpw C-hn-sS. ap‰w\n-d-sb tIm-gn-Iƒ. Ip-f-Øn¬ \n-∂v \o-fp-∂ Nm-ep-I-fn¬ \o-¥p-∂ Xm-dm-hn≥Iq- w. sX-√p-b-c-Øn¬ X-e-sb-Sp-∏-sS Pav-\m-]ym-cn-bpw a-e-_m-dn-bp-aS°ap-≈Bń≥ ]-‰w. C-h-sc-√mw Iq-Sn ]-hmkPohn-Øn-sem-∂pw In- m-Ø h-cp-am-\-hpwk-t¥m-j-hp-am-Wv hn-t\m-Zn-\v ]-I-cp-∂Xv.

h-cp-am-\-Øn-s\m-Ø-h-Æw Ir-jn-bn-S-Øn-s‚ hn-]p-eo-I-c-W-hpw km-[y-am-°nhn-t\m-Zv. P-e-tk-N-\-Øn-s‚ ]-™w

]n∂n- -tXm-sS ]-d-ºn-em-sI ]-®-°-dn hn-f-bn-°p-I-bm-Wv C-t∏mƒ. hn-hn-[ C-\w\m-S≥ ]-®-°-dn-Iƒ C-hn-sS-bp-≠v. t]m-cm-Ø-Xn-\v ac-®o-\n-bpw. \m- p hn-]-W-bn-se ]n-bw I-W-°n-se-Sp-Øm-Wv a-c-®o-\n-bp-sS hym-]-\w. Iq- -Øn-¬ \-√ Im-bv-

-e-ap-≈ sX-ßp-I-fpw am-hp-I-fpw.

Im-cy-ßƒ th-≠ hn-[w ]Tn-°m-sXbpw Ir-jn co-Xn-Iƒ a-\-n-em-°m-sXNp-h-Sv h-®m¬ ]n-g-bv-°p-sa-∂v ap-∂-d-nbn∏v\¬-Ip-∂p-≠v hn-t\m-Zv. l-b¿ sk-°‚dnA-[ym-]n-I-bm-b `m-cy-bpw F-≥Pn-\o-b-dnMv hn-Zym¿-Yn-I-fm-b c-≠p a-°-fpwASßp-∂-Xm-Wv hn-t\m-Zn-s‚ Ip-Spw-_w.a-°ƒ ]- -j-\-ep-I-fm-bn ]p-d-Øn-d-ßp-sa-¶n-epw Ir-jn-bp-sS ]mT-ßƒ A-h¿-°m-bpw am-‰n h-®n- p-≠v. A-Xp sIm-≠mWvIp-Spw-_-sam-∂-S-¶w Ir-jn-bn-S-Øn-te-°n-d-ßp-∂-Xv. Im¿-jn-I k-ar-≤n-bp-sS \nd-hn\v k-Ω¿ em≥-Uv F-∂v t]-cn-´p A-Sp-Øn-sS. C-\n-bn-hn-Sw hn-t\m-Z k-©m-c tI-µ-am-°n hn-]p-eo-I-cn-°-Ww F-∂m-Wv hn-t\m-Zn-s‚ B-K-lw.

Hcp ]hmkn hnPbKmY

tlaµv

Irjn `qanbn¬

41

42

P\]Yw

kaImenI

tI-c-f-Ønse Cu h¿jsØ Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.kn ]co-£m-êw ]Jym-]n®p.C\n-sb¥v F∂ Nn¥ hnZym¿Yn-Isf Ae-´p∂ thf-bm-Wn-Xv. -`q-cn-]£w t]cpw D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k -cw-K-tØ°p t]mIp-hm≥BK-ln-°p-w. Ah¿°v ap∂n-ep≈ Hcpkm[yX lb¿ sk°≥Udn ]th-i-\-am-Wv. ]Øp hsc kb≥kpw IW°pw kmaq-ln-I-]m-Thpw Hs° ]Tn-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p.F∂m¬ πkv hÆn-te°p IS-°p-tºmƒ,]Tn-t°≠ tImgvkv, hnj-b-ßƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ kzmX¥yw hnZym¿Yn°v e`n-°p-∂p.

GI-Pm-eI ]th-i-\-]-Inb hgn HcptIµo-IrX Atem-´vsa‚mbmWv tIc-f-Ønse πkv h¨ ]th-i\w \S-Øp-∂-Xv.Hscm‰ At]-£-bn¬°qSn hnhn[ tImgvkp-I-fn-te°pw ÿm]-\-ß-fn-te°pw ]th-i-\-Øn-\p≈ At]£ \¬Ip-hm≥ Cukwhn-[m\w hgnHcp-°p-∂p. F∂m¬FbvUUv lb¿ sk°≥Udn kvIqfp-I-fnse amt\-Pvsa‚ v Izm´ ko‰v ]th-i\wCXns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂n-√. AXn-\p≈At]£ ÿm]-\-Øn¬ \n∂p hmßn ]qcn-∏n®v Ahn-sS-Øs∂ \¬I-Ww.

kb≥kv, lypam-\n-‰o-kv, sImtagvkvF∂n-ßs\ aq∂v Kq∏p-I-fn-embn BsI 45k_vPŒv tImºn-t\-j-\p-I-fmWv lb¿sk-°≥Udn Xe-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. kb≥kv hn`m-K-Øn¬ H≥]Xv tImºn-t\-j-\p≠v.

tUm. cmPqIrjvW≥

]Ømw¢mkv]q¿Ønbm°nbIpńIƒ°vD]cn]T\Øn\p≈km[yXIƒ Gsd

42

Icn-bcv ssKUvIcn-b¿ ssKUv

43

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samØw Bdv hnj-b-ß-fmWv ]Tn-t°-≠-Xv. CXn¬cs≠Æw Cw•ojpw mjm-hn-j-b-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw.a‰v \mev hnj-b-ß-fpsS tImºn-t\-j≥ sXc-s™-Sp-°-Ww. kb≥kv hn`m-K-Øn¬ ^nknIvkpwsIan-kvSnbpw \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. _tbm-f-Pn, tlmwk-b≥kv, amØ-am-‰n-Ivkv, Pntbm-f-Pn, Iw]yq-´¿kb≥kv, Ce-tŒm-Wn-Ivkv, Ãm‰n-Ãn-Ivkv,sskt°m-fPn XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈c≠v hnj-b-ß-fpsS tImºn-t\-j-\p-I-fmWv e`y-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. 32 hyXykvX tImºn-t\-j-\p-Iƒlypam-\n-‰okv hn`m-K-Øn-ep-≠v. an°-Xnepw c≠vhnj-b-ßƒ lnÃ-dn, C°-tWm-anIvkv F∂n-h-bm-Wv. Ch c≠nepw GsX-¶nepw Ht∂m ct≠mC√mØ tImºn-t\-j-\p-I-fp-ap-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\vtkmtjym-f-Pn, tkmjy¬ h¿°v, sskt°m-f-Pn,Ãm‰n-ÃnIvkv F∂o hnj-b-ß-f-S-ßp∂ tImºn-t\-j-\p-I-fp-≠v. s]mfn-‰n-°¬ kb≥kv, tPymK-^n, tkmtjym-f-Pn, Pntbm-f-Pn, Km‘n-b≥ ÃUo-kv, ^ntem-k-^n, tkmjy¬ h¿°v, Ckvem-anIvÃUnkv, lnÃ-dn, B¥-t∏m-f-Pn, ae-bmfw XpSßn\nc-h[n hnj-b-ßƒ Hm]vj-Wep-I-fm-bp≈tImºn-t\-j-\p-Iƒ e`y-am-Wv. sImtagvkv Kq∏n¬\mev k_vP‰v tImºn-t\-j-\p-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. _nkn-\kv ÃUo-kv, A°u-≠≥kn, C°-tWm-an-IvkvF∂o hnj-b-ßƒ F√m-Øn-ep-ap-≠v. amØ-am-‰nIvkv, Ãm‰n-Ãn-Ivkv, s]mfn-‰n-°¬ kb≥kv,Iw]yq-´¿ Bπn-t°-j≥kv F∂n-h-bn¬ H∂m-bn-cn°pw \mem-asØ hnj-bw.

`mhn-bn¬ t]mIm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ t]mKm-ap-Iƒa\-n¬ I≠v tImºn-t\-j≥ sXc-s™-Sp-°m≥i≤n-°-Ww. saUn-°¬ cwK-tØ°v IS-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂h¿ s]mXpsh _tbm-fPn \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]Tn-®n-cn-°-Ww. AXp-t]mse F≥Pn-\o-b-dnMv ]Tn-°m≥ amØ-am-‰nIvkv \n¿_‘ hnj-b-am-Wv. amØ-am-‰nIvtkm _tbm-f-Pntbm ]Tn-®-h¿°v^m¿akn ]T-\-Øn\v tNcmw. kb≥kv tImºn-t\-j≥ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h¿°v lypam-\n-‰okv hnj-b-ßtfm sImtagvtkm _ncp-Z-X-e-Øn¬ FSp-°p-∂-Xn\v XS--an-√.

Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h¿°vhyXykvX taJ-e-bn-te°v IS-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Nn¥n-°m-hp∂ H∂mWv pUvIm^v‰v C≥Ãn-‰yq-ńset]mKm-ap-Iƒ. tIµ- -kw-ÿm\ k¿°m-cp-I-fpsSkwbp‡ kwcw- -am-Wn-Xv. sXmgn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb\nc-h[n tImgvkp-Iƒ kwÿm-\-sØm-´m-sI-^pUvIm^v‰v C≥Ãn-‰yq-´p-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p. If-a-t»-cn, tImgn-t°m-Sv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw, tIm´-bw,

Xriq¿, Xncq¿, IÆq¿, sXmSp-]p-g, s]cn¥¬a-Æ, DZp-a, tN¿Ø-e, sIm√w F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-emWvC≥Ãn-‰yq- p-Iƒ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. pUv, _nh-td-Pkv k¿hokv, ^≠v Hmôkv Hm∏-td-j≥,^pUv s]mU-£≥, t_°-dn, tIm¨s^£-\dnXpS-ßn Hcp h¿j ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ tImgvkp-I-fn-te°v Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.kn BWv ASn-ÿm\tbmKy-X. Sqdn-kw, tlm´¬ hyh-km-b-ßƒhf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu thf-bn¬ cmPyØpwhntZ-iØpw \nc-h[n sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ßƒ CutaJ-e-bn¬ e`n-°p-∂p. Ãm¿ tlm -ep-Iƒ, IqkvI∏-ep-Iƒ, Fb¿sse≥kv, Fb¿ Im¿tKm,sdbn¬th, tlmkv]n-‰-ep-Iƒ, Im‰-dnMv ÿm]-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn-sems° km[y-X-I-fp-≠v. hniZhnh-c-ßƒ°v www.fcikerala.org ImWp-I.

kmt¶-XnI hnZym- ymk cwK-tØ°v IS-°m-\m-K-ln-°p-∂-h¿°v t]mfnsSIv\nIv ]T\wanIhp‰ taJ-e-bm-Wv. aq∂p h¿jw ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ Untπma tImgvkp-I-fn-te°v ]th-i-\-Øn\vFkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn-bmWv ASn-ÿm\ tbmKy-X.c≠v kvIoap-I-fn-emWv t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImgvkp-Iƒ \S-Øn-h-cp-∂-Xv. Untπma C≥ F≥Pn-\o-b-dn-Mv / sSIvt\m-fPn F∂ BZy kvIow, UntπmaC≥ sImta-gvky¬ ]mŒokv / amt\-Pvsa‚ v F∂c≠m-asØ kvIoapw.

B¿°n-sS-Iv®¿, Hmt´m samss_¬, _tbm-sa-Un-°¬, sIan-°¬, knhn¬, Iw]yq-´¿,\n°¬, t]mfn-a¿, ]n‚n-Mv, sImta-gvky¬]mŒokv XpSßn 22 ¬∏cw _m©p-I-fn-emWvt]mKm-ap-I-fp-≈-Xv. 49 Hmfw k¿°m¿/FbvUUvt]mfn-Ifpw 15 ¬∏cw kzmib t]mfn-Ifpwkwÿm-\-Øp-≠v. tIµo-IrX ]th-i\ ]Inbhgn-bmWv AUvan-j≥. sSIv\n-°¬ FPyp-t°-j≥ Ub-d-Œ-td-‰mWv ]th-i\w \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xv.F≥Pn-\o-b-dn-Mv/sSIvt\m-fPn Untπma ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h¿°pw _m®n-e¿ Hm^v sSIvt\m-fPnt]mKm-an¬ XmXv]-cy-ap≈]-£w, _n.sSIv em‰-d¬ F≥Sn hgn _n.sS-°ns‚ c≠mw h¿j-Øn-te°v (aq∂mw ska-Ã¿) t\cn´v ]th-i\wt\Smw. tIµ- -kw-ÿm\ k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS hnhn[hIp-∏p-I-fnepw s]mXp-ta-Jem sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ß-fmWv Untπma ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h¿°m-bp-≈-Xv.kmbp -[ -tk-\ -I -fnepw sdbn¬th-knepwkvt]kvdnk¿®v Hm¿K-ss\-tk-j-\n-ep-sams°Ah-k-cß-fp-≠v. ]th-i\w kw_-‘n® hniZhnh-cßƒ°v www.dtc.kerala.gov.in,www.polyadmission.org XpS-ßnb sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ kµ¿in-°Ww.

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Xm-Wv. Hcp ae-bmfn hnZym¿Yn ]nen-an-\dn ]co£ Pbn-®p-I-gn-™m¬XpS¿∂v \S-Øp∂ ]cn-io-e-\-ßƒs°m∂pw okv \¬tI-≠-Xn-√.Ahsc tIcf k¿°m¿ ZsØ-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv. sabn≥ ]co£ Pbn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ Hcp amk-tØmfw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ kuP\y C‚¿hyqtIm®nMv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv \S-Øpw.XpS¿∂v bp.]n.-F-kv.kn Bÿm\ØvU¬ln-bn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂C‚¿hyq-hn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ hnam-\-Øn-ep≈ bmXbpw aS-°-bm-Xbpw 10Znhkw hsc- U¬ln-bnse tIcflukn¬ Xma-khpw £-WhpwkuP-\y-am-Wv. tIcf tÃ‰v knhn¬k¿hokv A°m-Z-an-bn¬ ]nen-an-\dn]co£ hnP-b-Øn-\p-tijw XpS¿∂v]Tn-°p∂ GXp ae-bm-fn°pw CukuP-\y-tk-h-\-ßƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-w.

D∂-X-hn-Zym- ymk hIp-∏n\vIogn¬ 2005¬ ]h¿Ø-\-am-cw- n®ÿm]-\-amWv tIcf tÃ‰v knhn¬k¿hokv A°m-Z-an. 2003, 2004 h¿j-ß-fn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw knhn¬k¿hokv taJ-e-bn¬ B¿°pw ]th-i\w e`n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-tbm, hnc-f-ambnamXw ]thi-\w e`n-®tXm Bbkml-N-cy-Øn-emWv ae-bmfn DtZym-Km¿Yn-Iƒ°v knhn¬ k¿hokvtIm®nMv \¬Im≥ th≠n Cuÿm]\w cq]o-Ir-X-am-bXv. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv Ih-Sn-bm¿ Nmcm-®nd Bÿm-\-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ knhn¬k¿hokv A°m-Z-an-bpsS Iogn¬ 2010¬ s]m∂m\n tIµ-ambpw 2014 ¬ ]me-°mSv, tImgn-t°mSv tIµ-ß-fmbpw 2015¬ sNß-∂q¿, tIm∂n tIµ-ß-fmbpw2016 ¬ aqhm-‰p-]p-g, Bfq¿ tIµ-ß-fmbpw D]-tI-µ-ßƒ ]h¿Ø-\-am-cw- n-

®p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Bÿm-\-tI-µ-Øn¬ knhn¬k¿hokv ]nen-an-\dn]co-£bv°pw sabn≥ ]co-£ Pbn®phcp-∂-h¿°v amXrIm C‚¿hyqtIm®nMpw (Mok Interview)\SØnhcp-∂p. F∂m¬ D]-tI-µ-ß-fmb s]m∂m-\n-bnepw ]me-°mSvhntŒm-dnb tImtfPv Imº-kn¬]h¿Øn-°p∂ ÿm]-\-ØnepwtImgn-t°mSv Np¶Øv k¿°m¿ bp.]n.-Fkv Imº-kn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂ÿm]-\-Ønepw knhn¬ k¿ho-kns‚]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bv°mWv tIm®nMv¢mp-Iƒ Ct∏m-gp-≈-Xv. Cu tIµ-ß-fn¬ ]Tn®v ]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bn¬hnP-bn-I-fm-Ip-∂-h¿°v Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcwBÿm\ tIµ-Øn¬ sabn≥ ]co-£bv°pw C‚¿hyq-tIm-®n-ßn\pwsF›nI hnj-b-ßƒ°p≈ ]tXyI¢mp-I-fnepw ]cn-io-e\w XpS-cm-hp-∂-

]n.sI. i¶-c≥Ipń

cmPysØ G‰hpw henb

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e£yw. kmaqly tkh\

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bphm°ƒ°v

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taJebmWv knhn¬

k¿hokv. CtX°pdn®p≈

kaK hnhcßƒ

Adnbmw.

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F√m h¿jhpw HmKÃv amk-Øn-emWv bp.]n.-F-kv.kn knhn¬k¿hokv ]nen-an-\dn ]co£ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. B h¿jsØ HmKÃv H∂mwXobXn sh®mWv hbv IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. ap∂m° kap-Zm-b-Øn\v 32hbpw ]n∂m° kap-Zm-b-Øn\v 35hbpw ]ń-I-PmXn ]ńI h¿K-°m¿°v 38 hb-p-amWv ]mb-]-cn-[n.`n∂-ti-jn-°m¿, hn[-h-Iƒ, hnap-‡-`-S-∑m¿, ¿Øm-hn-\m¬ ]cn-Xy-Pn-°-s∏´kvXo XpS-ßn-b-h¿°v \n¿Zn„ ]mb-]-cn-[n-bn¬ Cf-hp-In- pw. _ncp-Z- -_n-cp-Zm-\-¥c hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw _ncpZw t\Sn-bn- p-≈-h¿°pw ]co£ Fgp-Xmw.F∂m¬ sabn≥ ]co£ Fgp-Xp-tºmƒAt]-£-I¿ _ncp-Z-[m-cn-I-fm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂p-≠v.

tIcf tÃ‰v knhn¬ k¿hokv

A°m-Zan Hcp h¿jw ]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bv°p-th≠n c≠p dKp-e¿ _m®p-Iƒ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, ]me-°m-Sv,tImgn-t°m-Sv, s]m∂m\n F∂o tIµ-ß-fn¬ \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. PqWn¬ XpS-ßp∂ _m®v \hw-_-dnepw Unkw-_-dn¬ XpS-ßp∂ _m®v tabnepw Ah-km-\n-°pw. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tIµ-Øn¬ CXp-Iq-SmsX Pq¨ H∂p apX¬Pqsse 31 hsc \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ c≠pamksØ Imjv t]mKmapw ]nen-an-\dn ]co-£bv°p sXm´p-ap-ºmbn \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. Cu tImgvkp-Iƒ IqSmsXXncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tIµ-Øn¬ ]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bv°p-th≠n \S-Øp∂Nne ]tXyI tImgvkp-I-fp-ap-≠v.

hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw DtZym-K-ÿ¿°pwth≠n i\n, Rmb¿ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ho°v F≥Uv _m®pw sshIp-t∂-c-ß-

knhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Zaknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Zaknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Zaknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Zaknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-ZannnnnD∂-X-ß-fnte°vD∂-X-ß-fnte°vD∂-X-ß-fnte°vD∂-X-ß-fnte°vD∂-X-ß-fnte°vHcp hgn-ImńHcp hgn-ImńHcp hgn-ImńHcp hgn-ImńHcp hgn-Imń

fn¬ Bdp apX¬ F´p-hsc \S-Øp∂kmbm” _m®pw A°q- -Øn¬s∏-Spw.F√m _m®p-Iƒ°p-ap≈ tImgvkvôkv 36,000 cq]bpw k¿hokvSmIvkpw 2000 cq] Izmj≥ sUt∏m-kn-‰p-am-Wv. kmbm” _m®v Hgn--sI-bp≈]nen-an-\dn ]co-£bv°p≈ F√m_m®n-te°pw AUvan-j≥ \S-Øp-∂XvHcp F≥S≥kv sSÃn\v hnt[-b-am-bn- m-Wv.

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tIµ-Øn¬ ]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bv°mbn tImtfPvhnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p-th≠n Zznh-’cknhn¬k¿hokv tImgvkv \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. c≠mw h¿j _ncp-Z-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw aq∂mw h¿j s]m -j-W¬_ncp-Z-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw CutImgvkns‚ H∂mw h¿j ]th-i-\-Øn\v AUvan-j≥ t\Smw. CXn-te°v

knhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Zaknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Zaknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Zaknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Zaknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-ZannnnnD∂-X-ß-fnte°vD∂-X-ß-fnte°vD∂-X-ß-fnte°vD∂-X-ß-fnte°vD∂-X-ß-fnte°vHcp hgn-ImńHcp hgn-ImńHcp hgn-ImńHcp hgn-ImńHcp hgn-Imń

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F≥S≥kv sSÃn√. 15000 cq]hm¿jnI okpw k¿hokv SmIvkpw2000 cq] Izmj≥ sUt∏m-kn-‰p-amWvtImgvkv okv.

A°m-Z-an-bpsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcwDƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m tIµ-ß-fnepwπkv h¨, πkv Sp, UnKn H∂mwh¿j hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p-th≠n knhn¬k¿hokv ut≠-j≥ tImgvkpwsslkvIqƒ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p-th≠nSme‚ v sUh-e-]vsa‚ v tImgvkpw \S-Øp-∂-≠v. Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn-emWv ¢mkv.Pq¨ BZy-hmcw Bcw- n-°p∂ ¢mkvHcp A[y-b\ h¿jw am¿®v hsc\ofpw. ut≠-j≥ tImgvkn\v 7000cq]bpw Sme‚ v sUh-e-]vsa‚ vtImgvkn\v 5000 cq]-bp-amWv okv.\n¿Zn„ k¿hokv Nm¿Ppw 500 cq]tIzmj≥ sUt∏m-kn‰pw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tIµ-Øn¬ amXw\S-Øp∂ kvtImf¿jn∏v ]co-£-bv°p≈ Hcp tImgvkmWv F≥.-Sn.-F-kv.C tIm®n-Mv. F≥.-Sn.-F-kv.C. \mj-W¬ Sme‚ v tk¿®v FIvkm-an-t\-j≥.CXns‚ ]nen-an-\dn ]co£kwÿm\ k¿°m-cn-\p-th≠n Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Snbpw AXn¬ Pbn-®p-h-cp∂hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ sabn≥]co£ tIµ k¿°m-cn-\p-th≠nF≥.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Snbpw \S-Øpw.CXns‚ ]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bv°p≈tIm®nMv F√m Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepwc≠m-aXp i\n-bm-gvN-I-fn-ep-am-Wv.G]n¬ BZyw XpS-ßp∂ tImgvkv\hw-_-dn¬ \S-°p∂ ]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bpsS sXm´p ap≥]phsc \ofpw.5000 cq]bpw k¿hokv SmIvkp-amWvôkv. ]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bn¬ hnP-bn-I-fm-Ip-∂-h¿°p-th≠n tabn¬ \S-

46

°∂ sabn≥ ]co-£bv°pw ]cn-io-e-\-ap-≠v. G]n¬- -tabv amk-ß-fn¬ Hcpamkw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ BtImgvkns‚ okv 3000 cq]bpwk¿hokv SmIvkp-am-Wv.

BZy _m®v XpS-ßnb 2005 ¬ Ggpt]sc knhn¬ k¿ho-knse hnhn[tIU-dp-I-fn¬ FØn® Cu ÿm]\wh¿jw-tXmdpw Iam-\p-K-X-ambn hnP-bn-I-fpsS FÆw h¿[n-∏n®v 46 t]schsc Hcp h¿jw knhn¬ k¿ho-kn-te°v FØn-®n- p-≠v. ]h¿Ø\wXpSßn \mfn-Xp-hsc 300 ¬]cw t]¿Cu hnZym-tI-µ-Øn¬ \n∂pw knhn¬k¿hokv hnPbw t\Snbn´p-≠v.

_yqtdm-I-kn-bpsS D∂X tiWn-I-fn¬ h¿jw-tXmdpw ]c-iXw hnP-bn-Isf FØn-®p-h-cp∂ ]mc-º-cy-amWvknhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Z-an-°p-≈-Xv.

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47

sU]yqń If-Œ¿, _m¶v ]t_-j-\dnHmô-k¿, kmbp[ tk\-I-fnse IΩn-j≥kv Hmô-k¿, A¿[-ssk-\nIhn`m-K-ß-fnse Akn. Iam‚p-Iƒ,C≥Iw-SmIvkv Hmô-k¿, A[ym-]-I¿,_m¶v ¢¿°v, skI- -dn-tb‰v Akn-Ã‚ v, hnhn[ hIp-∏p-I-fnse ¢m¿°p-am¿, CXc taJ-e-I-fnse D∂X DtZym-K-ÿ¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ A°q- -Øn¬s∏-Spw.

Cu h¿jsØ ]nen-an-\dn ]th-i-\-Øn-\mbn Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw,s]m∂m\n sk‚-dp-I-fn-te°v At]££Wn-®p. tabv 20 hscAt]£n°mw. 100 cq] okv \evInAt]£m t^mdw sk‚-dp-I-fn¬\n∂pw t\cn´p hmßntbmwww.ecek.org, www.kscsa.org F∂ssk‰p-I-fn¬ \n∂v Uu¨temUv

sNbvsX-SpØv 100 cq]-bpsS UnUnkln-Xtam At]-£n-°mw. IqSp-X¬hnh-c-ßƒ ssk‰n-ep-≠v. tabv 22 \vXncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØpw s]m∂m\n-bnepw]th-i\ ]co£ \S-Øpw. Pq¨BZy-hmcw ¢mp-Iƒ Bcw- n-°pw.Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sk‚-dnse c≠pamkw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Imjv tImgvkvt]mKmw Pq¨ H∂n\v Bcw- n-°pw.Imjv t]mKm-ans‚ okv 12,000cq]bpw k¿hokv SmIvkpw 2000 cq]tIzmj≥ Unt∏mkn-‰p-am-Wv. ImjvtImgvkn\v ]th-i\ ]co-£-bn-√.IqSp-X¬ hnhcßƒ°v _‘-s∏-tS≠hnemkw

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tIµw tIcftÃ‰v knhn¬ k¿hokv A°m-Z-an,B\-Ød sebv≥, Nmcm-®n-d, Ih-Sn-bm¿ ]n.H, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695 003,

t^m¨ 0471˛2311654, 2313065

s]m∂m\n tIµw C≥Ãn-‰yq vIcn-b¿ ÃUokv B≥Uv dnk¿®v,Cuiz-c-aw-Kew ]n.H., s]m∂m-\n, ae-∏pdw 679 573, t^m¨ 0494˛2665489

]me-°m-Sv, tImgn-t°mSv tIµ-ß-fnse ]nen-an-\dn tImgvkv ]th-i-\-Øns‚ hn⁄m-]\w DS≥ D≠m-Iw.

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P\]Yw

kaImenI

efn-X-amb hc-I-fn-eqsS Nncn-bp-sSbpw Nn¥-bp-sSbpw henb temItØ°v ae-bm-fnsb \bn®tSmw-kv (1929˛2016) hn-S-hm-ßn.

A-Øn-°-fw hm-S-bv-°¬ tXm-∏n¬ tXm-a-kvF∂ tSmw-kn-t\-°mƒ ]i-kvX-cmbn At±lw P∑w\¬Inb t_m_\pw tamfnbpw F∂ IYm-]m-Xw.

]m-b-t`-Z-an-√m-sX F-sXm-cmƒ-°pw B-kz-Zn-°m≥ ]-‰n-b hn-j-b-ß-sf h-c-I-fn¬ sIm-≠p-h-cm≥A-t±-l-Øn-\m-bn. km-[m-c-W-°m-sc-bm-Wv A-t±-lwX-s‚ c-N-\-I-fn¬ h-c-®n-´-Xv. A-b¬-]-°-sØ Ip-ń-I-fn¬ \n-∂p-am-Wv t_m-_≥, tam-fn F-∂o I-Ym-]m-X-ß-sf tSmw-kv h-c-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. tSmw-kn-s‚ ]-d-ºn-s‚ th-en Nm-Sn-I-S-∂v kv-Iq-fn-te-°v t]m-bn-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ A-h-sc h-c-I-fn¬ \n-d-®-t∏mƒ A-Xn-s\Np-‰n Ip-sd I-Ym-]m-X-ß-fpw \n-d-™p. A-ß-s\A-sXm-cp Km-a-am-bn, In-g-°mw-Xq-°v.

Hm¿a

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P\]YwkaImenI

Km-a-Po-hn-X-Øn-se Ip-sd a-\p-jy-cp-sS Po-hn-X-ß-fn-eq-sS,A-h-cp-sS s]m-ß-®-ß-fpw Ip-kr-Xn-I-fpw a-≠-Ø-c-ß-fpw B-\p-Im-en-I cm-„o-b km-aq-ln-I ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ \n-∂pw t\m-°n-Im-Wp-∂-Xm-Wv tSmw-kn-s‚ Im¿- q-Wp-Iƒ.

a-e-bm-f-Øn-se Im¿-´q¨ km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ C-X-bpw A-[n-Iw Xp-S¿-®-Iƒ D-≠m-b Ir-Xn t_m_\pw tamfnbpwt]mse a-s‰m-∂p-≠m-hn-√. i-¶-dpw A-_p-hpw H.hn. hn-P-b-\p-sam-s° h-c-®n-´ Im¿-´q¨ tem-I-tØ-°m-Wv tSmw-kv I-S-∂p-h-∂-Xv. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ h-c-I-fp-sS G-‰-hpw h-en-b B-I¿-j-Ww A-Xn-s‚ P-\-]n-b-ssi-en-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

1929 ¬ N-ß-\m-t»-cn-°-Sp-Øv Ip-´-\m-ń¬ hn.Sn. Ip-™n-sØm-Ω-s‚-bpw kn-kn-en-bp-sS-bpw a-I-\m-bn P-\n-® tSmwkvsN-dp-∏w ap-X¬ Nn-X-ßƒ h-c-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw Im¿-´q-Wn-Ãm-b ]o-‰¿ tXm-a-kn-s\ am-Xr-I-bm-°n-bm-Wv B taJ-e-bn-te°v Xncn-™Xv. _n-cp-Z-]T-\-Øn-\p-ti-jw a-e-bm-f-a-t\m-c-a-bn¬ Im¿- q-Wn-Ãm-bn tPm-en-bn¬ tN¿-∂p. t_m-_-\pw tam-fn-bpw ]-c-º-c 1964 emWv h-c-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. 1987 h-sc a-t\m-c-a-bn¬ Cu Im¿-´q¨ Xp-S¿-∂p. ]n-∂o-Sv a-s‰m-cp ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ ]-c-º-c Xp-S-ßm≥ i-an-s®-¶n-epw \n-b-a-]-c-am-b X¿-°-ß-sf Xp-S¿-∂v \n¿-Øn-sh-®p. ]n-∂o-Sv h¿-j-ßƒ-

hn-\p F

°v ti-j-am-Wv t_m-_-\pw tam-fn-bpw tSmw-kn-s‚ h-c-bn¬ ho-≠pw ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv. A-h kz-¥w ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sS ho-≠pw hm-b-\-°m-c-s\ tX-Sn-sb-Øn.

In-g-°mw-Xq-°v F-∂ km-¶¬-]n-I Km-a-Øn-¬ t_m-_-s\-bpw tam-fn-sb-bpw Iq-Sm-sX, A-h-cp-sS A-—≥ tI-kn-√m h-°o¬ t]m-Ø≥, A-Ω a-dn-b, A-∏n-ln-∏n, Ip-©p-Ip-dp-∏v, D-Æn-°p-´≥, C-´p-Æ≥, `m-cy tN-S-Øn, t\-Xm-hv Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿ a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS a-\-kn¬ C-Sw I-s≠-Øn-b-h-cm-Wv. Ip- -\m- n-te-bpw tIm- -b-sØ-bpw km-aq-ln-I, cm-„o-b Po-hn-X-ß-tfm-Sv G-sd A-Sp-Øp-\n-∂n-cp-∂pIng-°mw-Xq°v. t_m-_-\pw tam-fn-sbbpw Np-‰n Ip-Spw-_w,kv-Iqƒ, ho-Sv, Np-‰p-]m-Sv, Iq-´p-Im¿ Xp-S-ßn-b ]-e Im-cy-ß-fpw I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. k-Xy-Zo-]w am-kn-I-bn-em-Wv B-Zyw Cu ]-c-º-c h-c-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. ]n-∂o-Sm-Wv a-t\m-c-a-bn-te-s°v am-dn-b-Xv.

1971 ¬ i-in-Ip-am¿ t_m-_-\pw tam-fn-bpw kn-\n-a-bm-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 2006 ¬ B-\n-ta-j≥ N-e-®n-X-am-bpw CuI-Y-Iƒ C-d-ßn. a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS a-\-kn¬ Ip- -\m- n-se F-tXm km-¶ev-]n-I Km-a-Øn¬ F-∂pw Ip-ń-I-fm-bn t_m-_-\pw tam-fn-bpw Hm-Sn \-S-°pw.

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P\]Yw

kaImenI

AS-®p-d-∏p≈ kzIm-cy-X-bpsS NqSpw XWp∏pw A\p-`-hn-∏n-°p∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ. ImgvN-

bpsS kq£va-X-bn¬, ho£-W-Øn¬, Nn¥-bn¬, KK-\-amb Bi-b-temIw Xpd-∂n-Sp∂ Ihn-I≈w sX‰m-sWt∂m kXyw amX-amWv icn-sbt∂m Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

F∂nse \obpw \n∂nse Rm\pw AI-ep-∂n-SØv Ccn-∏p-d-∏n-°p∂ Imhy-`m-h-\-bpsS]®-bmb cN-\m-ssien ASn-h-®-Sn-h®v apt∂-dp∂ Bi-b-ß-fpsS Cµ-Pmew hmb-\-°m-c-\p-ap-∂n¬ Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂p.

""\o t]mb X°w-t\m°n

Im‰n-cn-°p∂p Itk-c-bn¬

\ns‚ hmk-\-s°m∏w...''

tkmjy¬ aoUn-b-bn¬ t]mÃv sNbvXv an\n- p-Iƒ°Iw Xcw-K-amb Ihn-Xbpw a‰p Ihn-X-Ifpw

Rm≥ hmbn-®-dn-bm≥ \n\-°v

am∏nf∏ms´∂ kmln-Xy-cq-]sØ aX-Øn-s‚bpw

Ime-tZ-i-ß-fpsSbpw AXn-cp-Iƒ∏p-d-tØ°v hym]n-∏n® alm-IhnbmWv 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ sImt≠m-ń-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂tambn≥Ipń sshZy¿. ]W-b-]m-c-h-iyhpw ka-c-ho-cyhpwtZim-`n-am-\hpw Ncn-X-Ønse H´-\-h[n D÷z-e-ap-lq¿Ø-ßfpw Bflo-b-Xbpw Xpfpºn \n¬°p∂ At±-l-Øns‚IrXn-Iƒ sshhn-[y-Øn-s‚bpw Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-s‚bpw A£b

J\n-Iƒ Xo¿°p-∂p. aq∂v hmfy-ß-fnembp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kºq¿W-Ir-Xn-IfpsS c≠mw ]Xn∏v sImt≠m-ń, alm-Ihn tambn≥Ipń sshZy¿

am∏nf Iem A°mZn ]pd-Øn-d°n.

sshZy-cpsS hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn-te°v shfn®w hoip∂Idm-aØpam-e, sImd-Øn-∏Zw F∂o IrXn-IƒIqSn c≠mw ]Xn-∏n¬Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-Ønseaqe-Ir-Xn-Iƒ, mjm-¥-

cw, ]Zm¿∞w, KZym-hn-jvImcwXpS-ßnbh AS-°-ap≈ kºq¿W IrXn

am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fpsS kuµ-cy-temItØ°v Bkzm-Z-

Isc IqSp-X¬ thK-Øn¬ B\-bn-°pw. ae-bm-fw, Ad-_n,t]¿jy≥, Xan-gv, Xpfp, kwkvIrXw F∂o `mj-I-fnse ]Z-ßƒ tIm¿Øn-W-°n-bhbmWv tambn≥Ipń sshZy-cpsS Imhy-]-]-©w. kwkvIr-X-Ønepw Ad-_n-bnepw I∂-U, ]m¿knXpS-ßnb `mj-I-fnepw Hcp-t]mse ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-cp∂At±lw kwKo-X-km-µ-amb Ci-ep-I-fn-eqsS hyXykvX mjm-]-Z-ßsf \n_-‘n-®p-sIm≠v aWn-]-hm-f-Øn\v kam-¥-c-ambHcp mj-Xs∂ krjvSn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ae-_m-dns‚ hmbvsamgncq]-ßƒ IqSn X\n-a-bn¬ AXn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®Xpw cN-\-Isf IqSp-X¬ P\-Io-b-am-°n. Ad-_n-a-e-bmf kmln-Xy-Øns‚ Fgp-Ø-—≥ IqSn-bmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ tambn≥Ipń sshZy-cpsS aqe-Ir-Xn-IfpsS ka-K-amb kam-lmcw B `mjsb kw_-‘n®pw apX¬°q-´m-Wv.H∂mw hmfy-Øn¬ _Z-dp¬ ap\o¿ lpkv\p¬ Pam¬, keo-J-Øv, Idm-a-Øp-am-e, c≠mw hmfy-Øn¬ _Z¿Jn--∏m- v, kem-ko¬, aqe-∏p-cm-Ww, Fen-∏-S, H´-I-Øns‚ IY, s_ØneF∂n-hbpw aq∂mw hmfy-Øn¬ ae-∏pdw ]S-∏m- v, DlvZv ]S-∏m-v, sImd-Øn-∏-Zw, Xoh≠n®nµv, ap√-∏q, lnPvd F∂n-h-bp-amWv

Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sI.-sI.-ap-l-ΩZv A_vZp¬I-cow, sI.-A-_q-_-°¿ F∂n-h-cmWv kam-l-cWw \n¿h-ln-®Xv. sshZy-cpsS kmlnXy krjvSn-Isf Ipdn-®p≈ iqc-\mSv Ip™≥]n-≈-bpsS ]T-\w ]pkvX-I-sØ IqSp-X¬ B[n-Im-cn-I-am-°p-∂p. 750-tesd t]Pp-h-cp∂ Hmtcm hmfy-Øn\pw 900 cq]bpwsk‰n\v 2700 cq]-bp-amWv hne.

alm-Ihn tambn≥Ipń sshZy¿ kºq¿W-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

k¶-S-ßƒ CSn-sh-

ń-s∏-øp∂ IÆo¿ tXmcm-a-g-cm-Xn-I-fn¬, IqWp-t]m¬ IpS\nh¿Øp∂ ssl°p-I-fpsSlrZ-b-k-a¿∏-Ww. Rm≥F∂ t_m[w Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-S-Øp-\n∂pw ]nd-°p∂ssl°p-I -fpsS Hmtcm

hm°nepw Ajn-X-sb∂ Fgp-Ø-S-bm-f-Øns‚Dd® kv]¿iw hmb-\-°m-c\v sXm -dn-bmw. aq∂pNph-Sp-Iƒ sIm≠v ka-kvXhpw Af-s∂-Sp-°p∂hma-\-s\-t∏m-se-bmWv Ajn-X-bpsS ssl°p-Iƒ. aq∂p hcn-bn¬ henb Imcy-ßƒ ]d-bp∂Cu Ipdpw Ihn-X-I-fpsS kam-lm-c-Øn-s‚ hen-∏w-Xs∂ Hmt´m-Km^v _p°n\v kam-\-am-Wv.ssl°p F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-tºmgpw sk≥khn-X-I-tfmSv kmay-ap≈ lrZ-bm-hn-jvIm-cw.

Ajn-XbpsS ssl°p Ihn-X-Iƒ

]km-[-I¿ ˛ Ko≥s]-∏¿ ]ªn° hne ˛ 95

]ªn-j¿ ˛ Ko≥ s]∏¿ ]ªn° hne ˛ 80

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Janapatham May 16 - Kerala34. NndIp≈ hncp∂pImtc kzmKXw] ... n.B¿.Un ssehv samss_¬ Bπnt°j\neqsS. hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw s]mXpP\ßƒ°pw D]Imc {]ZamhpIbmWv C≥^¿taj≥ ]ªnIv dntej≥kv