JAHMUURIYADDA DIMOQRAADIGA SOOMAAUYA

WASAARADDA KALLUUMEYSIGA, &KHAYRAADKA BADDA

WAAXDA CILMI BAARISTA

MAGACDA & MUUQAALKAKALLUUNKA

JAHMUURIYADDA DIMOQRAADIGA SOOMAALIYA

WASAARADOA KALLUUMEYSIGA, &KHAYRAAOKA BADDA

WAAXDA CILMI BAARISTA

MAGACDA & MUUQAALKAKALLUUNKA

Waxa Qoray: SAMAROON CUMAR GEEDI

QIIMAHA

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Muhimadda Kalluunka 6

Sameyska Kalluunka 8

Notosha Kalluunka 10

Aqoonsiga Kalluunka 12

Magac-Bìxinta Kalluunka 19

Magaca Kalluunka 23

Sawirrada Kalluunka 30

Dhacdo Naadir ah 39

Bibliography Kalluunka

éRAYGA WASIIRKA

Baahi weyn ayaa in mucido ahba loo qabay helitaankamagacda saxa ah ee kalluunka dalkeenna looga yaqaan lyowixii macluumaad ah ee la xiriira xilliyada ay yimaadaan iyoslda u kale barian yihiin.

Weydiimo iyo caddeymo ku saabsan arrimahaas ayaanaga soo gaaray dad Soomaali iyo shisheeye isugu jira oodaneynayey in ay ku soo bliraan kalluumeysiga lyo suuq-geyntiisa.

Ammuurahaas oo Isbiirsaday darteed ayey Wasaaraddaula muuqatay iyada oo la kaashaneysa aqoon-yahannadeeda, in ay bilowdo cllml-baarlsta Magacda iyoMuuqalka Kalluunka BJyaheenna, (Macaan iyo Dhanaanba).Hawshaas oo hadda gacanta lagu hayo waxa qeybteedii horeka soo baxay natiijooyinka lyo waxtarka uu buuggan yarlxambaarsan yahay.

Akhristow, waxaan hubaa in aad ka hell doontld waxy-aabo badan oo ku ca!'s gellya, kuwaas oo anfici kara cldkasta oo heer walb? ' - <ga oo ku raja weyn In uu ka jawaabldoono weydilinnil hore noo soo gaarey.

Iyada oo tanl ay tahay qorlddii u horreysay "First Edition"ayaan filayaa in cllml-baarìstan qeybteeda labaad uu ka soobixl doono buug si tafaftiran u qoraya dhammaan magacdaiyo sawlrrada khayraadka biyaha.

Waxaan ammaan u soo jeedinayaa dhammaan dadkiigacanta kageystay soo saarldda buuggan, gaar ahaanwaxaan ku bogaadinayaa Jaalle Samaroon dadaalkll iyo waq-tlgil uu u huray cllml-baarista.

Ugu dambeyntll, waxaan soo dhoweyneynaa clddiitalooyin ku bllrln, dhalill ama ammaanba heysa.

AADEN MAXAMED CALI- Wasiirka -

MAHAD-NAQ

Waxaan mahad ballaaran ujeedinayaa dhammaan dadkiigacanta igu siiyey hirgelinta cilmì-baahsìan, gaar ahaanWASIIRKA oo mar walba igu dhiiri-gelinayey in hawshan aanka sai gaaro, isaga oo sijoogta ah ula socdey hadba heerka aymareyso.

Sidoo /ra/e, waxaan mahad u celinayaa AgaasimahaWaaxda Cilmi-baarista, la maareeyahay SMP, iyo Agaas-imaha Suuqa Casriga oo aan ka helay talòoyin iyotaageeraba.

Isuduwayaasha Wasaaradda, madaxda iskaasha-tooyinka kalluumeysiga iyo dadkii sida gaarka ah aan uwareystay dhammaan xusuus boy iga mudan yihiin.

Dhinaca farsamada iyo sawir-qaàdista waxa si hagarla'aan ah gacan (igu siiyey Jaalle Warfaa, waxanan u hayaaabaal aan duugoobeynin.

SAMAROON CUMAR GEEDICllml-baaraha & qoraha buugga

HORDHAC

Xeebta dalka gobollada ku yaal waxa mid kasta ka jiramagac kalluun oo u gaar ah deegaankaas, iyadaoo aysan jirinmagac dhex-dhexaad ah oo la wada garan karo. KalluunkaXamar looga yaqaan Yuumbi, waxa Bari looga yaqaanTaraaqad, halka Woqooyi uu noqonayo Deerik, J/HoosenaNguru. Halkaas waxa ka yimid is-fahamwaa. Sidaas darteedayey Wasaaraddu go'aansatay in ay bilowdo cilmi-baaris.Ujeeddooyinka laga lahaana waxa ugu muhiimsanaa:

1. In la soo urursho dhammaan magacda kalluunka eegobollada ka jira.

2. In la helo muuqaalka (sawirrada) kaliunka iyo khay-raadka kale.

3. In la isku dubarido, kaddibna buug iyo posterro laga sbosaaro, kuwaas oo lagu baahinayo dalka oo dhan.

Hawehaas oo aad u ballarneyd, waxay lagama maarmaanu tahay shaqooyinka iyo adeegga ay Wasaaraddu ummaddau qabato. Natìijooyinka cilmi-baaristani waxay wax weyn katari doonaan dhinacyada: '

1. Tlrakoobka: Waxa sahlanaanaya soo ururinta iyohabeynta wax soo saarka. Waxayna caawineysaafidiyayaasha soo ururiya xogtaas.

2. Suuq-geynta: Waxa seyladaha adduunka ee kalluunkalagu soo bandhigi karaa noocyada kaliunka ee dalka siaan qeybteenna u qaadanno.

3. Wada xiriirka: Hay'adaha ku hawlan cuntada, ama horu-marinta kalluumeysiga ha noqdaan kuwa caalami ahama kuwo goboleed, waxay badanaa soo warsadaan xogku saabsan khayraadka biyaha dalka. Markaas waxafududaajieysa in si dhaqso leh loogu jawaabo iyo ciddiikale ee dani ka hayso xogtaas.

In ka badan saddex bilood ayey socotey cilmi-baaristu,iyada oo bilaabantay 24.10.86. Waxa sahan iyo baaris lagusameeyey xeebta dheer ee dalka min Saylac ilaa R/Kiyam-booni. Qorshe waqtiyeysan ayaa goob walba lagu tegey.waxa mudnaanta la siiyey lix goobood oo kala ah Saylac,Berbera, Bosaso, Hobyo, Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo, iyada ooloo arkayey in ay matali karaan inta kale.

Dhinaca kale, waxa laga fursan waayey in tijaabo yar"pilot" laga sameeyo magaalo-madaxda ka hor inta aanhawsha weyn la guda-gelin. Tijaabadan oo socotey intii udhexeysay 1 — 7dii Oktoobar, waxay ìfisay meelo badan ooshaki ka jirey.

Halkan kama muuqdaan sawirradii midabka lahaa ootiradoodu dhamayd 300, hase yeeshee waxaan filaynaa in ayku soo baxaan buugga dambe, waayo way dhib badan tahaydaabacaadda iyo badinta sawirrada midabka leh.

Waxa mudan in aan la illaawin ujeeddada buuggan yarlaga leeyahay oo ah inuu aasaas u noqdo kuwa dambe iyoinuu caawiyo dadka kalluunka ka ganacsada, tirakoob-ayaasha iyo cilmi-baareyaasha. Sidaasdarteed qaladaad yar-yar waa laga heli karaa, isla markaas yaan laga filin wax aanloogu talo gelin.

MUHIMADDA KALLUUNKA.

Keydka noolaha biyuhu waa mid dhammaan kara, haddiiaan laysku mashquulin kordhinta tarankisa, sida beerista,xannaaneynta, deegaan u daryeelka iyo dib ugu abuuriddanoole kale meelaha ay ku yar yihiin. Haddii aan taas la yeelinwaxa dhici karta in la gaaro heer kalluunku ku filfaan waayobaahida dadka.

Wax soo saarka kalluunka ee adduunku si aad ah ayuu ukordhay kontonki sano ee u dambeysay, waxa uu ka sookacay sannadkii 1938kii 20 malyan oo tan ilaa in ku dhow 83milyan oo tan sannadkii 1982kii. Korodhka intaas le'eg waxauu ku yimid horumarka laga sameeyey dhinacyada farsa-mada iyo aqoonta kalluumeysiga Shaxda I waxa ka muuqdaWSS-ka adduunka sannadihii 1980 - 84.

'000 tons

Sannadaha 1980 1961 1982 1983 1984WSS-ka 71.996.3 74,859.4 76,590 1 76,845.9 82.769.8

Shaqo ahaan kalluumeysiga waxa ku hawlan qiyaas 10-12 milyan oo qof, iyadaootiro intaas le'eg ay kaxoogsadaanwarshadaha u adeega kalluumeysiga, sida kuwa doonyahaiyo maraakiibta dhisa, kuwa habeeya iyo kuwa qalabka kalesameeya.

Cunista kalluunka aad ayaa loogu kàla geddisan yahay.Arrintani waxa laga yaabaa in ay in badan ku xiran tahaydhaqanka, dakhliga, diinta iyo helitaanka ama waayitaankakalluunka. Wadammada koonfurta Ameerika waxa la doorbi-daa hilibka, halka Bariga fog kalluunku uu muhiim ka yahay.Shaxdan ayaa faahfaahin ka bixineysa cunista kalluunka.

Wadamada horumaray 23.5 kg/headWadamada soo koraya 7.4 kh/head

Wadamada Hantiwadaagga 11.3 kg/headCelceliska adduunka 11.8 kg/head

Dalkeenna cunista kalluunka aad bay u liidataa, inkastooyididiilofiican ay leedahay sannadahandambe. Waxaqiyaasahaan qofkii ku soo beegmayasannadkii 0.4kg/head (1986).

Suuq-geynta kalluunka waxa uguhorreeyadalkaKanadaoo sannadkii 1982ki dhoofiyey kalluun ay ka soo gashaylacagdhan 1291 milyan Doollar. waxasoo raacaMareykankaiyo Jabaan. Wadammada soo koraya Chile iyo Mexicn ayaadhoofintoodu fiican tahay.

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Mar haddii taranka dadka ee adduunka oo ah 2% sannad-kiiba, uu ka badan yahay heerka korodhka cuntada oo ah1.5%, kalluunka ayaa ah keydka mustaqbalka laguxisaabtamayo.

SAMEYSKA KALLUUNKA

Sida ka muuqata, (figure II) waaxyaha ay ka koobantahay xabbad kalluun ihi waxa ay kala yihiin:

1. Lafo "Qalfoof".2. Muruq.3. Maqaar iyo baalal.4. Uur ku jir sida xiidmaha iyo beerka.5. Madax ku jir sida maskaxda iyo indhaha.

Hase yeeshee, waxaa waaxyahaas ugu muhiimsan intamuruqa ah oo aan ka badneyn 30 - 40% miisaanka kalluunka.Taas macnaheedu ma aha in inta kale aysan faa'iido lahayn,balse waxa loo beddeli karaa badeecooyin kale oo si toos ahiyo si aan toos ahaynba ugu soo noqda aadamaha sida fishmeal.

Muruqa kalluunku waxa uu ka sameysan yahay (inkastaoo ay yara kala geddisan tahay kalluunada) qiyaasta soosocota:

Protei nDufanMacdanBiyo

20%5%5%

70%

Kalluunku waxa uu ka protein badan yahay hilibka,waxana la caddeeyey in 100gm oo kalluun ah ay ku jirto 18.5%protein ah, halka hilibka qiyaastaasle'eglagaheli karo 16.5%.

Dhinaca kale proteinka kalluunka laga helo waxa uudhan yahay 14% proteinka laga helo dhammaan waxyaabahala cuno.

NOLOSHA KALLUUNKA

Qaybaha lyo Shaqooylnkooda.

Qolofta: Waxay ka ilaalisaa jeermiska iyo dhaawacyada jir-kiisa wax u dhimi lahaa. Dheecaan ayuu jirka kalluunku siidaayaa kaas oo loo maleynayo in uu ka caawiyo dhaq-dhaqaajinta qolofta iyo in biyaha dhexdooda uu si sahal ahugu dabaasho.

Baalasha: Waxay ka caawiyaan socodka, leexashada, joog-siga, dib u socodka, is-dheelitirka iyo qumaati u taagnaanta.Kalluunka dheereeya waxa u gaar ah baal dabeed u eg dayaxbilow ah, halka kalluunka socodka gaaban leh dabadiisu ayballaaran tahay.

Indhaha: Woxoogaa wey dhaq-dhaqaaqi karaan, waxnabiyaha dhexdooda wuu ku arkaa, inkasta oo me e I dheerwaxba uusan ka arag.

Dhegaha: Ma laha dalool dibadeed, waxayna dareemi kar-aan wixii gariir ah ee soo gaara. Shaqada dheguhu kumakoobna wax maqalka oo qura ee waa organno dheelli-tirajirka kalluunka.

llkaha: Qaar ilko leh iyo kuwo ay ka maqan yihiinba weyjiraan, halkaas waxa laga garan karaa nooca cunno ee kal-luunkaasi uu quuto hilib ama caws.

Waafyaha: Kalluunku waxa uu ka neefsadaa waafyaha,waxana ku filan Oxygenta yar ee ku mìlan biyaha oo qiyaasahaan noqoneysa 10cc halkii l'itirba halka hawada aan neef-sanno ay ku jirto 200cc oo Oxygen ah litirkiiba. Marka kal-luunku uu neefsanayo wuxuu qaataa biyo si uu u dulmariyomiiqyada waafyaha halkaas oo O2-ta iyo CO2 la iskuweydaarsho.

Urlnta: Kalluunku wax wuu urln karaa waxana shaqadaas uqabta dulalka. Urlntu kalluunka aad bey m uhi i m ugu tahay,waayo waxa uu ku raadsadaa cuntadiisa, waxana uu kagatogaadaa cadowgllsa.

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Dheefshfidka: Cuntadu marka ay caloosha gaarto waa lajajabiyaa, waxana loo gudbiyaa mindhicirka, halkaas oo lagusii shiiday ayaa lagaga nuugaa wixii nafaqo leh, inta kalenadebidda ayaa loo qashin saaraa.

Taranka: Badiyaa ukunta dheddigga iyo minida labka ayaabiyaha lagu wada sii daayaa, halkaas oo bacrintu ay kadhacdo. Waxa sinjiyada kalluunka qaarkood nolosha ay kubJlaabaan lab ahaan, waxayna marka dambe isu beddelaandheddìg. Kalluun waxa laga yaabaa inuu bacriyo sinji kale,hase yeeshee waxa ka dhashaa ma sii tarmo. Waxa marar dhifah dhacda in kalluun qura uu mar keliya sii daayo ukun iyomini.

Kalluunka carjowda leh iyo qaar ka mid ah kuwa lafta lehayaa ilmuhu ku dhex abuurmaa uurka hooyadiis, kaddibmarka dheddigga iyo labku ay kulmaan. Kalluunkaa waxa ugaar ah taran badan oo noolaha kale lahayn. Qaar ka mid ahayaa mar keliya dhali kara ilaa toban tnilyan (10,000,000) ooukumood, hase yeeshee wax yar ayaa ka badbaada dabeec-adda qallafsan iyo cadowyada isku xakuma sida ay u kalaxoog weyn yihiin.

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AQOONSIGA KALLUUNKAMa sahlana in noolaha biyaha oo dhan si sax ah loo kata

garto, gaar ahaan marka arrintu ay khuseyso sinjiyo iskusifaad dhow. Buugag iyo qoraallo badan aya ladiyaarshay siay u adeegsadaan dadka kalluumeysta, kuwa gada iyo cilmi-baareyaashu. Kalluunka waxyaabana Iagu kala garto waxa kamid ah:

Midabbada: Waxa kalluunku uu ku kala geddisan yahaymidabbada uu Eebbe ku dheehay.

Muuqaalka; Dhererka iyo ballaarka ayaa ah sifooyin kal-luunka Iagu kala garto. Qaar yar-yar, kuwo waaweyn, kuwoballaaran iyo kuwo dhuuban intaba wey leeyihiin. Fig. IV.

Madaxa: Waa astaan muhiim ah oo kalluunku ku kala ged-disan yahay. Bai u fiirso. Fig. V (a) iyo fig. V (b).

Baalasha: Noocyada halkan ka muuqda ayaa tusaaleinoogu filan baalasha kala duwan ee kalluunka. Fig. VI (a) iyoFig. VI (b).

Indhaha: Goobta ay indhuhu ku yaallaan iyo noocyadooduwaa calaamado muhiim ah. Fig, VII.

Tirada Lafaha Baalasha "Fin splnes": Hadday yihiin baal-asha dabada iyo kuwa dhabarka, tirada lafahoogu wey kalageddisan tahay kalluunka kala duwan, waana astaan Iagukala garto.

Qashaarka "scalea": Tirada qashaarka kalluunka oo lagatiriyo laynka dareenka "lateral line" ayaa iyana,muhiim ah.Calaamad gaar ah: Wax muuqda oo calaamad ali oo u gaarah kalluunka haddii ayjiraan waa Iagu kala sooci karaa, haseyeeshee waa in ay ahaataa mid aan loo geysan.

Waxa dhici karta in la helo kalluumo intaas oo sifaad ahwadaaga, waxa markaas lala kaàshadaa nin khabiìr ku ahnoocaas la baarayo, ama waxa la geeyaa labooratori si anali-sis loogu sameeyo.

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Noocyada Muùqaalka Katluunka Fig. IV

Noo_eyada_Mu_uqaalka Kal 1 uu

13

Noocyada Afka Kalluunka Flg. V (a)

14

Noocyada Afka Libaax-badeedka Fig. V (b)

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Noocyada Dabada Kalluunka Flg. VI (a)

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Noocyada Dabada Llbaax-badeedka Flg. VI (b)

17

Noocyada Qashaarka Kalluunka Flg. VII

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MAGAC BIXINTA KALLUUKAMagacda kalluunka ee dal walba u gaar ah waxa ka dhas-

hay dhibaatooyin dalkaas gudihiisa iyo dibeddiisa, taas ookeentay in la wada garan waayo marka kalluun lagaga had-layo doodaha cilmiga ah ama shirarka. Waxa adkaaday inganacsatadu dalabkooda ama waxa ay rabaan in ay dhoof-tyaan si sax ah u gudbiyaan,

Waxa laysku dayey in magacda Ingiriiska ah la istic-maalo, hase yeeshee iyaga laftooda ayaan ka dhibaato yareynkuwa kale. Sidaas darteed waxa lagu heshiiyey in magaccaatami ah oon dalna lahayn la jdeegsado.

Magacdaas oo loo yaqaan MAGACDA CILMIGA AH ama"SCIENTIFIC NAMES", waxa habeyntooda u xilsaaran gud-diga loo yaqaan "International Commission of ZoologicalNomenclature". Haddii ay dhacdo in kalluun cusub la arko,waxa magaciisa iyo sifaadkiisa laga diiwaan-geliyaaguddigaas.

Runtii ma fududa ama suurta-galba ma aha helitaankaaqoonsiga dhabta ah ee kalluun walba oo ka mid ah in ta kabadan 18,818 sinji ee la shegay in ay jiraan, waayo sinjiyadakalluunku ma aha kuwa aan iska beddelin sidii ay ku dhas-heen ee waxa ay la socdaan isbeddelka joogtada ah eedabeecadda.

Magaca Cilmiga ah ee kalluunka loo bixiyaa,waxay kayimaaddaan nidaam taxan oo la iskugu raae-faaciyo amakoox-kooxeéyo kalluunka oo loo yaqaan abla-ablayn.Nidamkan waxa markii u horreeysey isku taxlujiyey ninkii laoran jirey Aristotle (322 B.C.) oo xayawaanka u kalaqaybshaysiddeed kooxood. Kaddib waxa sii horumariyey Carolus Lin-neaus (1707- 1778).

Abla-ablayntu waxay sahashaa dib u tixraaca asalkanoolaha. Haddaba haddii aad heshid magaca cilmiga eenoolaha, isla markaasna aad taqan abla-ableynta, waxa aadhalkaas ka ogaan kartaa macluumaad badan oo noolahaaskhuseeya, waxaanad aaran kartaa wuxuu waxtar leeyahay,

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Nidaamkani waxa uu caadi ahaan ka kooban yahay tod-doba jaran-jaro, inkastaoo mararkaqaarkoodiyagalasi! kalajajabiyo. Toddobadu waxay kala yihiin: Boqortooyo {kingd-om), Phyla (fayla), Gacal (class), Dir (order), Bah (family),Duul (genus), Sinji (specìes).

Noolaha waxa guud ahaan loo kalaqeybìyaa labo boqor-tooyo oo kala ah: Boqortooyada dhirta iyo xayawaanka (plant& animai Kingdom). Haddii aan sii raacno boqortooyadaxayawaanka, waxa loo sii kala jabin karaa 10 phyla, Tobank-aas phyla mid walba waxa uu u sii kala baxayaa Gacallo.Haddii aan sii fiirinno Gacallada Phylada Chordata, waxaynoqonayaan shanta kala ah:

1. Pisces: Tusaale: Kalluun2. Amphibia: Tusaale: Rana3. Reptilia: Tusaale: Diinka4. Aves: Tusaale: Shimbiro5. Mamrnalia: Tusaale: Dadka.

Nibirinka oo markii hore lagu tirin jirey. Phylada Piscesayaa markii dambe la ogaaday in uu maamal yahay. Argoos-atadu waxay galaysaa Phylada Arthropoda. Farabadanta iyoduushadu waxay raacsan yihiin Phylada Mollusca.

Shanta Gacal ee phylada Cfiordata mid walba oo ka midah waxay u sii kala baxaysaa dhowr dir oo kiiba uu u sii kalabaxayo baho oo laftoodu sii noqonaya duulal ilaa ay ka siinoqdaan sinjiyo.

Waxa nidaamka noocaas ah aan ku matali karnaa ada-reeska guryaheenna oo warqad kasta oo la soo diraa ay toos uimanayso adareeskaas. Bai ka bogo tusaalaha sida ay isugudhìgmi karaan:

Abla-ablayn Clnwaan

BoqortooyoPhylaGacalDirPahDuulSinji20

AnimaiChordataTelestomiClupeiformesSalmonidaeSalmoCiarkii

*

Qaarad ,DalGobolDegmoLaanWadadaGuri lamb

AfrikaSomaliaBanadìrHawl-wadaagX/TaakoKacaanka99999

U fiirso, boqortooyo waxay u dhigmi kartaa (Analogy)Qaarad, kuwa kalena sida ay iskugu aaddan yihiin. Magacacilmiga ee kalluunkaas loogu yeerayo waxa uu noqonayaa"Salmo clarkii". Mid kasta oo jaranjaradaas ahi waxay kasoocaysaa kalluunka kuwo kale, xayawaan waxay ka soocey-saa dhirta, Chorodata waxay caddeynaysaa in araxley yahay,Teleostomi waxay ka reebeysaa wixii aan laf lahayn, sidaasayey mid walba u sii sifeyneysaa kalluunka ilaa laga gaarosheyga laftiisii.

Magacda cilmiga ah dhammaan si laatin ah ayaa looqoraa, waxay doonayaan ha ahaado markii hore. Kalluunwalba waxa la siiyaa labo magac oo kala ah kan duulkiisa iyokansinjigiisa. Magaca hore waxa lagubilaabaaxarafweyn, kalabaadna xaraf yar. Waxa badiba la raacshaa magaca qofkakalluunkaas helay iyo sannadkuu helay sida: Melanogram-mus aeglefinus (Linnaeus) 1758.

Dalkeenna magacda kalluunku waa ay kooban yihiin,waxayna tilmaamaan midabkiisa ama qaabkiisa sida ago-li ee re iyo guduudow,' qaarna waxay tilmaamaan fai uu kal-luunku sameeyo sida Codweyn oo Ingiriiskana lagu yiraahdoCroaker oo macnaheedu yahay guuxe ama reeme. MagacdaSoomaaligu ma aha kuwo cilmiyeysan, sidaas darteed yaabma laha haddii 5 ama 10 kalluun uu hai magac ka dhexeeyo.

Inkasta oo magacda gobolladu ay kala duwan yihiin,haddana xiriir ayaa ka dhexeeya sida ay isugu dhow-dhowyihiin. Cilmi-baaristan waxa ka soo baxay 80% magacdalabada gobol ee Awdal iyo W-Galbeed ay isku mid yihiin.Dhinaca kale waxa muuqatay in L/Qorey ilaa Garacad magackalluun oon is-khilaaf badan lahayni ay ka jiraan.

Hobyo ilaa C/Axmed magac isku mid ah aya la'ga helikara. Hase yeeshee waxaa suurto gai ah in meelahaqaarkoodkalluun laba magac looga yaqaan, halka meelaha kale magackeliya laga haysto, taasina ay keento in loo qaato in magacduay kala geddisan yihiin.

21

Kismaayo iyo Baraawe wey ka geddisan yihìin dalka inti-isa kale, iyaga laftooduna wey kala duwan yihiin. Magacdunawaxa ay yihiin Baajuun iyo Barwaani.

Haddii aad u fiirsato magacda G. Awdal, W. Galbeed, iyoBari waxaad arkaysaa in magac badani asal ahaan ay ka soojeeddo Carabi, sida Makhnus, Qud, Kalbirì baxri iyo Fuluus.Banaadir waxa ku jira magac Talyaani ah, sida Iskaambo iyoFangalaati.

Guud ahaan cilmi-baaristu waxa ay soo ururisay magacgaaraya 600, oo tilmaamaya 100 kalluun oo u kala baxasidatan:

— Kalluunka badda: 70.— Labaax: 10.— Kalluunka Webiga: 8.— Qolofleey: 3.— Ayax badeed: 1.— Kuwo kale: 8.

Marka laga reebo kalluunka webiyada iyo qolofleyda,kalluunku waxa uu u kala baxaa sida soo socota:

Kalluun qareed (Demersal fish): 25.Kalluun Madoobe (Pelagic fish): 39.Xeeb-joog (Coastal fish):*16.

Tirada noocyada dalkeenna laga heli karaayo aad beyuga badan tahay inta kor ku xusan, hase yeeshee waxadhacda in ilaatoban kalluun hai magac ka dhexeeyo. Tusaale:Goatfish waxa jirta in ka badan 16 noe, Soomaalidunawaxayu taqaan Labo-garle ama Fangalaati.

Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo bandhigeysaa shax koobaysamagacda kalluunka ee muhiimka ah ama ganacsi galka ah,kuwaas oo si qalad ah meelo badan loogu qorey.

22

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EMG- Sea Bi?eamSCI-

W-fi-BN-JH-ENG-SCI-

SummaanSumrnaanHabshiaCroupper

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TartaboKaws

Lutjanidae

B-BN-JH-

SCI-

IstnìirSaafitTaasiBabbit FishSigamis spp

( 6 )

W-B-

BN-JH-

Eng-SC1-

RabushSafanSafanShuviRay

31

w-B-

BN-JH-

ENG-sei-

CaruusaFuurMaamblyoBoemoWrasse

W- GaxaslB- GftXasìi

BN- DHuubaanJH- Tanfu IJafa

BMC- B»p*rorSCI- Lethrinidlae

(9)

W- QawqabB- GambiriBN- GMtbirKAyax Bad.*)JH- Kamba Romba

ENG- ShrluspSCI-

32

( io )

B8NJH

ENGSCI

Labo GaudhiaLabo CarleFangaia»tiImkomaGoatfishMullidae

(11)

W-B-

B«-JH-

ENC-SC1-

DuusiAfXatoobMadax dhatfaxNrillPompano!PrachIontus bloehii

(12)W~B-

BN-JH-

EHG-SCI-

? pJ3& L _ J^3"^ * ^"^

QudFaardeShooleyMutxunbu *Weedla fichAlbene* hains

33

13) vi- XumalB- Ga-c corre

BN- l'unniJH- Furarne

EN&- Cat FifihRCT-

(14)

Squid

(15)W- DeerikB- 'TaraaqadBN- YuumbiJH- NguruENG- Spanish MackerelSCI- Scomeromorus

commersoni

34

(16)

B- MuqaramBN- GèeSleJH- Babanki

ENG- Hammerhead SharkSCI- Sphyrna zygaena

(17) -W* FarasB- CambarsheBN- DaambiriJH- SulsuulEWG- MarlinSCI- Zstiophordae

(18)W- ShirwoB- Shirwo

BN- DhiiglowJH- Kibooma

ENG- Frigate lunaSCI- Euthynus affinis

35

(19)W-B-

Btf-JH-EMG-SCI-

CaqaamGanaadAluuso,SubsalimKisumbaBaracudaSphyraenidae

W-B-

BN-JH-

ENG-SC1-

(20)

OctopusPolypus vulgaris

W- Mukhnus (21)B- Maqaf

BN- SimbiligJH- IfbabiENG- Wolf HerringSCI- Chirocentrus dorab

36

B-BN-JH-ENG-SCI-

(22)

Subul QaadiBaaqDool Dool-Lizard FishSaurida tambul

(23)W- AbuuseefB- Saraacimo

BN- MilshaarJH- BabanENG- Saw FishSCI- Prisis pectinata

(24)

W- Dame^rB- Buundho

BN- Kij^igoyJH-TumtiulaEW^Trigger TishSC-Balistidae

37

w-B-

Bn-JH-

Eng-SCI-

Kalbul BaxriLoolaaqEy-maanyoTaadaSucker FishEchtneis noucrates

W» FuluusB- SucbaanBM- SucbaanJH- Fuluus

ENG- Dolphin. FishSCI- Coryphaena hippurws

W-B-BN-Jh-ENG-SCI-

SfekhladSilqoSilqo.TaqoTaKaaCoti aRaciycentridae

38

DHACDO NAADIR AH

Soo caarinta neberigu ma aha mid caadi ah, balse waamid yaab teh oo ka wareerisay dadka cilmi-baarista iskushuqliya.

Saacaddu markay abayd 19:15, maalintii 1.11.86, waxaxeebta Seylac ka soo caariyey Neberin tiradiisu dhammeyd22 xabbo. Neberinkaas oo ahaa mid dhal ah oo nooca looyaqaan "PILOT WHALE" waxa ugu weynaa midka dhererki-isu ahaa 5.35 mitir, kuwa kalena waxay u dhexeeyeen 3-4mitir. Wey dhacday in Nibirin uu soo caaryo, hase yee.sheeweli tiro intaas le'eg lama soo sheegin.

•*• Su'aalaha ah muxuu nibirinku u soo caariyaa? Jawaabobadan ayaa laga baxshay, inkasta oon weli la isku raacinjawaab qura oo cilmiyeysan. Dadka qaarkii waxay ku til-maamaan in nibirinku uu naftiisa naco oouu isdilo "Suicide".Kuwo kale waxay leeyihiin xeebta ayuu yimaadaa si uu ugunasto uguna xoqdo. Qaar kale ayaa sheegaya in maskaxdiisuqaldanto oo markaas uu garan waayo meesha uu marayo. Maahee ayey qaar leeyihiin waddooyin beryo ho re uu mari jireyayey waqtiga iyo dabeecaddu beddeshay ama badihii ayaa kuwasakhoobey oo uu ku noolaan waayey, iwm. Si kasta haahaatee weti jawaabta waa la sugayaa.

Nibirinka oo ah noolaha ugu weyn ee dunidan maanta kunool, waxa qaar ka mid ah "Bluewhale"dhererkiisunagaaraa30 mitir iyo cules dhan 150,000 Kg ama 150 tan. Sidaas dar-teed waxa aad loola socdaa xaataddiisa si xummaaneysa oowelwel ku heysa hay'adaha u xilsaaran sida "Internationalwhaling commission".

Ciddii la kulanta ama maqasha nibirin ka soo caaryeyxeebta Soomaaliyeed ama waxyaabo kale oo la garan waayo,waxaan ka codsaneynaa in uu la soo xirjiro wasaaraddan,isaga oo wax alla wixii faahfaahin ah ee uu heli karo sooraacinaya, sida meesha lagu arkay, waqtiga, tirada iyo noocahaddii uu garan karo.

39

BIBLIOGRAGHY

Waxa hoos ku taxan liiska qoraallada iyo buugta lookaalmeystey kala garashada kalluunka iyo magacdiisa.

1. Barashada Magacda Kalluunka (1980)

Waxa ku qoran 110 magac oo kalluun ah oo u kala bax-san sida ay nool yihiin oo kala ah: kuwa biyaha sare kunool iyo kuwa biyaha hooseba.

2. Édlble FIsh In Somalia (1983)

86 magac oo isugu jira Soomaali, English iyo Scientificayuu koobayaa qoraalkani.

3. Locai Iyo Scientific Names of Fishes collected on thèCoast of Somalia (1952)

Wuxuu ka kooban yahay 19 xashadood. FAO ayaadiyaarisay kaddib markii ay cilmi-baaris ku sameysayxeebta Soomaaliyeed. Qoraalkani wuxuu is-barbardhigayaa magaca Soomaaliga, English iyoScientific.

4. Qoraal Gaar ah (1986)

43 magac oo Soomaali, English, Scientific ah ayaa lagudìyaarshay.

5. Fishes of thè Indian Ocean (19 )

Buuggan waxa lagu daabacay dalka Jabaan, waxana kuyaal sawirro midab leh iyo tilmaamaha kulluun walba.

6. Common Fishes of Southern Africa (19 )

7. Coastal Fishes of Southern Jaban (19 )

8. FAO Catalogue Books (One set)

9. FAO Identification Sheets (Zone 51)

10. Colour Posters.

40

Waxa Qoray: SAMAROON CUMAR GEEDI

QIIMAHA

Sh. So. 100