JADUGUDA MINES ( Mining Industry ) [download to view full presentation]

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Aparajita Tripathi

Mahtaab Kajla

Sajal Kumar

Suja BaruaVishal Gagrai

Vipul Mehta

Aparajita Tripathi

Mahtaab Kajla

Sajal Kumar

Suja BaruaVishal Gagrai

Vipul Mehta

JADUGUDA MINES

( Mining Industry )



AGENDA

Introduction to Mining Industry

An overview of Mining Issues

Jaduguda: A Case Study

Miners’ Perspective

Tribals’ Perspective

Conclusive Effects

Recommendations



MIN(D)ING: THE BUSINESS

Source: http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/mining/

• Public SectorCompanies – CoalIndia (Coal)

• Small Players -Deccan GoldMines Limited(Gold)

• Multinationals -BHP Minerals-Australia(Copper,Zinc etc)

• Governmentagencies – Ministry of Mines

Employment

Machinery

BusinessSafety

PROCESS OF

EXTRACTION

OF MINERALS

FROM ORE



Mining the Fortune: Indian Economy

• The mineral sector accounts for 11% of the Country’s industrialproduction.

• India is endowed with significant mineral resources and produces 89minerals

• The total value of mineral production (excluding atomic minerals)during 2005-06 is estimated at USD 16.7 billion, wherein fuel mineralscontribute the largest share (USD 12.54 billion)

• Various international mining companies such as have received licensesfor mining in the Country.

• Up to 100 percent FDI has been permitted in all major sectors MiningIndustry

India is the world’s largest producer of mica blocks and mica splittings; third largestproducer of chromite; third in production of coal & lignite and barytes; fourth in iron

ore; sixth in bauxite and manganese ore; tenth in aluminum and; eleventh in crude steel.



And there is no dearth,The minerals here are plenty!

The key mineral producing states of the

Country includes Madhya Pradesh,

Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu

etc.



POLICIES: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly

The National

Mineral Policy

Foreign Trade

Policy, 2004-2009

International Trade

Agreement

FDI Policy

Mines and Minerals

(Development &Regulation) Act



SWOT Analysis of Indian Mining Industry

Strengths

•

Wide range of concessions to investors• Labors easily available

• Low labour and conversion costs

• Large quantity of high quality reserves

• Advantage of strategic location

• World's largest producer of mica; third largest producer of coaland lignite & barytes; ranks among the top producers of ironore, bauxite, manganese ore and aluminium.

Weakness

•

Poor infrastructure facilities• Outdated mining technology

• Low innovation capabilities

• Labor force is highly un-skilled and inexperienced

• High rate of accidents

• Lack of R&D programs and training and development

• Lack of respect for the mining industry

• Lack of operational efficiency & illegal mining

Opportunities

•High mineral reserves remaining to be exploited.

•Strengthening of logistics in coal distribution

•Focusing on technology for future

•Considerable potential exists for setting upmanufacturing units for value added products.

Threats

•Foreign Investment in the Mining Sector

•A heavy tax burden discourages further investment.

•Politicians undervalue the industry's contributions tothe economy.

•Stricter environment rules restricting mining activities

SWOT





All That Glitters is Not Uranium!

• Growth at “all cost”

• Unsustainable development• Musclemen employed to protect the interests of mine owners

against tribal protests

• Workers cheated of legitimate dues• Violation of mines safety laws – neighbouring areas affected

• Forced labour • Forced Land Acquistion

• Breaking up of “social capital”

•

Poor working conditions• Govt a passive spectator • Tribals disposed off to far off places• R&R only a paper-dream!



Iron Hydroxideprecipitate

stains a streamreceiving aciddrainage from

surface mining





The Place

• A small town in the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand

•

Surrounded by hills and rivers; blessed withnatural beauty

• Singhbhum –

Well known for its mineral wealth – Uranium deposits concentrated in the Shear Zone – 160 km in length and 1 to 10 km in width



The Mines

• Opened by the Uranium Corporation of India Limited

in 1968

• Distinction of being the first uranium mine of thecountry

• Expansion to both mining and processing activities

• On the verge of complete depletion



centralized

processing plant

(Mill)

Jaduguda Mine

hydro-metallurgical

process.

Crushing – 3 stages

Crushed Ore

Slurry

W e t g r i n d i n g– 2 s t a g e s

Dissolution of Uranium

Liquid Uranium

Purification &

concentration

ion exchange

method

precipitation

magnesium Di-Uranate

YELLOW CAKE

http://www.ucil.gov.in/web/files/jad_mill_2_bg.jpg

http://www.ucil.gov.in/web/files/jad_mill_1_bg.jpg



• Discovered in 1951

• Commissioned in 1968 (203 m)

• Deepened in 2001 (905 m)

Jaduguda Mine

• Small deposit with limited life and depthpersistence

• Commissioned in 1986 (200 m)Bhatin Mine

• Large mechanized mine with tracklessequipment

• Operating since 1995Narwapahar Mine

• Operations since 2003

• Mining technology similar to Narwapahar Turamdih Mine

• Commissioned in 2009

• First opencast uranium mine of thecountry

BanduhurangMine





And so saysthe Miner!

Importance of

Uranium Minesin Jharkhand

More than 98% of country’s uranium deposits

Two fold importance:• Essential for meeting country’s current

nuclear requirements• Important for ensuring self-sustenance in

meeting future energy needs

Ensure proper treatment of Nuclear Waste – “Tailings”

•Effluent slurry neutralized with lime•Slurry pumped into Tailing Ponds – ponds

containing water with effluent wastes•Solid waste allowed to settle•Water transported to Effluent Treatment Plant for human use



The Miner’s Perspective

Tests conducted by Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research(CIMFR)

• Air Quality – SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx below permissible limits•

Water – Both Surface and ground water within permissible limits• Noise – Residential areas exhibited noise level within

corresponding threshold limit prescribed by CPCB• Soil

Characterized as moderately acidic in nature with low organiccarbon status and medium NPK, medium water holding capacity

Corresponding parameter values compared and found to be meetingspecifications

• Biodiversity Flora – Different variety of floral species found in the buffer zone Fauna – no endangered species identified by the study



The Miner’s Perspective

Impact on humans

• Tests conducted on people by team of doctors from BARCHospital

• Medical ailments due to diseases like Malaria or issues likemalnutrition than radiation

Welfare measures

Welfare measures taken up by UCIL• Medical camps• Sports activities•

Rehabilitation and Resettlement policies• Atomic Energy Central Schools



THE OTHER SIDE





ECOSYSTEM PEOPLE: Fighting a LosingBattle

• Tribals (adivasis) asked to evict their lands in 1967for construction of mines

• No option but to work on the mines at low wages

• Not educated about harmful effects of radiation• Their voices a mere cry in the wilderness of

policies shoved down their throat

•

Under R&R, they are sent away to different placesdamaging their Social Capital



Tribals: Their Voice, Their Views!

•Displacement of Local people

• Health Issues Immense radiation cause of several

diseases 3% people in India suffer from

physical disabilities includingcongenital deformity

In Jaduguda, the percentage of

congenital deformity itself is at4.49%



The Tragedy of the People:

In their own words

Failure to ensureeffective wastemanagement

The tailings ponds areunlined and uncovered

During monsoons thetoxic water flows into

the Subarnarekha,Gudra, Gara rivers andtheir tributaries

Environmental

Degradation



The Tragedy of the

People: In their own

words



Come Dine With Death!

• Several cases of bursting of tailing pipelines

On Feb. 21, 2008, the spill reached nearby homes Another was reported on Apr. 10, 2007

In December 25, 2006, the pipeline carrying tailings from the mill to tailingsdam No. 3 broke, spreading tailings into a tributary of river Subarnarekha

• Adverse effect on the plant and animal life• Improper working conditions

Gloves and masks are not provided to the staff that packs the yellow cakesin drums

Most of the workers are exposed to high levels of radon gas, dust and

radiation• Jaduguda - India's radioactive dump yard

Wastes from the Nuclear Fuel Complex in Hyderabad and the BARC RareMaterials Plant are dumped there



DEVELOPMENT VS EXPLOITATION

• Environmental Degradation – Clearing of forests and pollution of water bodies.

• Land acquisition and displacement of people – Not adequately compensated

– Results in significant loss in social capital due to displacement

• Negative externalities – Harmful effects which increase the costs to the society

• Local protests – Local protests lead to creation of informal and formal institutions to

resist such steps.



SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A Far Fetched Dream

• Lack of Water Conservation – Leads to ground water depletion

• Release of Effluents in water bodies – Results in pollution of water bodies

• Transaction costs – Efficient participation of local people decreasetransaction costs if there is high social capital.

• Role of elites – Institutions resisting the negative influences of

mining activities see an active participation of the elites.

• Private property – Shorter planning horizons lead tounsustainability in the utilization of resources.



FLICKER OF HOPE: CIVIL SOCIETIES

Jharkhand Organisation forStruggling Humans (JOSH)

- Protest against the compulsive landacquisition

Jharkhand Mines Area

Coordination Committee

-Skeptical, believe that tribals are considered a

burden

-Differ from NGOs’ stand, ask for homeland rights

Jharkhand Adivasi Berojgar

Visthapit Sangh

Launched independent struggle againstdisplacement and unemployment

Jharkhand Organisation against

Radiation (JOAR)

-Protest and look for alternatives for problemsarising out of radiation exposure

reported umpteen cases of still births,miscarriages, cancer, and thallasaemia.

Anumukti

Anti-nuclear activistgroup



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JADUGUDA MINERS

• Construction of the boundary of the tailing pond which is a

huge contentious issue otherwise• Cleansing River water at the earliest

• A humanistic approach should be adopted by UCIL towardsthe welfare of social capital

• Ensure proper medical check which presently stands at onlyonce every eight years



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINERS IN INDIA

•

Native American: Equity share in the mining company in lieu of givingup their land.

• Maximise gain & Minimise Wastage by converting mineral into its finalfinished product

• Strategic conservation of the mining area should be an essentialrequirement in the initial investment planning document

• TATA Chairman : only large scale mining should be permitted

•

Track records of companies tendering for a mining project should bechecked. If violations are found, they should not be permitted to carryout operations.



• The concessionary period should be long enough to take care of

their planning for tribal welfare• There is a huge gap between the time they are displaced and the

time they reap some benefits of the welfare projects. This gap hasto be lessened.

• Social responsibility regarding tribals should be compulsorily apart of the mining project plan and should be initiated in thebeginning.

• Mining for exports should be restricted. Should be for self-

sufficiency purposes largely.

• Systematic check on the conditions of tribes should be carriedout. This ensures that the mining company is always on its toes.



1. EIA/EMP statement for Jaduguda Mine & Ore Processing Plant of Uranium Corporation of India Limited, CIMFR 2007 – Obtaineddirectly from UCIL

2. Grade control in Jaduguda uranium mine, Jharkhand, A. K. Sarangi,

Supdt. (Geology) UCIL 20033. Demographic survey of villages within 1.6km (1 mile) radius of

uranium tailings pond at Jaduguda, Vijay Kumar Singh, 20054. Report on Uranium Mining and Mining Industry in India – UCIL, 2005

1. http://www.jadugoda.net/index.html

2. http://www.ucil.gov.in/web/index.asp 3. http://www.wise-uranium.org/umopjdg.html

5. http://www.timesofindia.eu/all-miners-do-not-harm-tribal-people/

6. Video featured on Jaduguda mines: “Buddha Weeps”

http://www.jadugoda.net/index.html

http://www.ucil.gov.in/web/index.asp

http://www.wise-uranium.org/umopjdg.html

http://www.timesofindia.eu/all-miners-do-not-harm-tribal-people/

















http://www.ucil.gov.in/web/index.asp

http://www.jadugoda.net/index.html

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JADUGUDA MINES ( Mining Industry ) [download to view full presentation]