THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTSI TECHNOLOGY D THEPHILOSOPHY OF THE ABSURD

Jacques Ellul

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• JACQUES ELLUL

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I. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE ABSURD

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JACQUES ELLut

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n.. __ ••d , • me.-...- 01 .. ahMrd -.~...... ..,' "...,..._be 'IkK.bo1l __ Ioeda podoct ."_.... 01 ...t..;;_ _k..p: 1

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II. THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE ABSURD

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JACQUES EllUL

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I dev wtich ,110.... PO'''''' ..nhou. u ••llnce 10 b< hurd .Ion, ...,th_he ic. whicb, •••ry """'. ~"i", leul)' ..... ope<.....l<. pro-<llIca ,. Jowl 10••1of a1_ all loroMo""q. 11 If UIlp>rWIl a1..,.. "' t, KocrUpanI·. --'YltI .,..,...-d _ ••111. r.....__-,.. t, t. _ tift. $ 1M _ diiu," ..-..1 __-.....~..-ahlJ..dlbr ....-I)rjlNj>Clil. • _01.. t_ e...-.. t 01 IDe' o! ....-. _ 1" "" a....... Sedl."1IIoo-.d 1ft _ _ .....

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of tIIo t.ooe r.... oI....-.::o! obounbty .. dev"". Ibr 1«11 ''1)' "._. "'"1Ioeno ..... _ ........... So. " _ • ....:1 -.-.... ,. _-.1_

• JACQUES ELLUL

III. THE ECONOMIES OF THE ABSURD

lWe • .,_.~.""'''''''''IO''''''''·- _.--W._.., r-fliotd.....,. n.. P>boI.,,_d.Iolbwl. No _ hi .. QClIP'Ii !he ...-nil: .odd "",.E1op,d""I'".I1~ i. ",1Il_ \G tho~ Iyslm\, 1lIaI is. I'n>m tho -... ...hm10<;1.. i<plt .....,nl "tlIi>cd tint ond rom.-t rot lhe pnJI"""'llI fli malenal,..-.-. The lI<h<meilaiways, illvalmrnl~_rc.~b _wdf_ ,ot ..... _.. ' ;10_ p.d....u) ~ to: ll>-

ia .1 V.. c. _ .. C}'<k. o.rr...- ..-.. If,.. by .....,.."..u".. ,.............. 1-....,. t ~diftcdJ',. 7 ' --...l._,.._ iMlyK.' _

_ If,.. '" iIiftdy. .. ........,.. d."'"~.··__ioI" J.Yec.e*r_.'dk.....' _0c4lot ... I , ... of • ... __ ploy .. <CIIInl ,.-1 ..III "- will~ .. """""' _ 01 r".. ,

COti>d<f ........ """l* <asci. AulomIlw. _ dQ JlI'ICftOI"I hlove crcatoedpooolbd~ ... b URl_,aably~praducti~"J' "" mud! 10 \NI it is \e<I..... kooib'o 1O.."...e...... 7 OJ 0(_ 41 f<'I (peoplio <lcp1valvi. it. "' _<:1_.' " )c.._bod __ t ws.Nt It:w._._......,_.._........_ ,......,-- -.... F" toe ..,.·· : N uf· '"_tor , _..-1__ _crt "..,. -- ..- ,- Sonty - .. ' 1lIikIy----

Boo ...... a .............. f _Ioon= q-... ....r_ fli...., _ 1"' 5 • \ o_.~_.~.

~ , n, '""'"~ 1I"Jl'lCI- wleYioiono. 61mle1o !W*'S'.y. an willi·· ... ....,....-..1. eIC.). 11 ......................... <II.......... _,ila. r dJ'4~ "-' •• "-,..,._~..,.. wloodl ....,......... I0 ..__ ....... _

If_ , __.... , .-""?' Vlb...",,_"c':l""','1·. C ...... -....._' ? '<II ii' ......,.. C,...,. ' t

_ ,7 c's If? k C -0k;6Irft....w.k -....._po? ...., ..... *"-;a__ -. ~~ pould'to • ..,....... kO_••

Ilba- __ Tik .....,_ of _ ........l1ooo••~aoI<d • ....., Ilk -'or.. crakI • <a1aIn k"'., ..--..... .., ? " ""' IlIIlI\ct II~Y' '.""" .eo' '~• ...a•• _ uylO_ 11 _c.? diI,

Tik C' ._ _, .tI~. _

- ,U"·· 01 ....... ' r'c .,.1..-11-....,..• ' ') IIIIoooe "' .. TIlold ,",...w.. • ..wdo .. _ oaI-,*...- -. .._---. .. --..,,,,,.. , ........... 01_ I' j,d" c--. -'at pdFO; •.........,0<'" wbdI __ "'""'* 10 III" _ .... ~

..._forllk v...........pnu'· ofllllway lhopota_oll1linl Worid eoulllriQ "'~plloll..d _ !he _ pMh • ~, 10lorlp them IUOh .... """""""'1( ,.~ poinl" (ROI&OW). 11uJ 1.~ lhty

...~ ... ouo.,Iy .. \he pnr1IIC)' '" .....ocaI ;_ the --.......,. .... ~jHe I'or I'I'OI'Q" Ha"" eft..... Gplaa...__ j' Kmdo-«<)'dr, ~ ... hal aaaIy • ,.,. _ ., _ ..,.,........ • s .-, ,.»._- ,., 1k:9IllII s , willbo<_.. __.~.i1." t kd J ._......

.. ..... - __ 1)'Skm .,...,.,. of _ Iopal .... ~ , ...6lbu TIiird WIlf\d "" 1'_.......ho:tI..., Uft_1y di~."Cry f'"lil<:. _ ~i", ~f"'ly~ inlerVml.... _ .... 0111 1l'JdI,OICII IoV<'l 0IIId _mes "". __ ocaIe. Tho _IbM. _b 10 !he COllI'-. lbe1'loord Woricl riI be 110 .... fJIr' ill -.ty ,idit.....

no • pn.-q "' '13'........ , AA-a ................. Ioeft __.n.._,..., ..•.. -.I IF ,.--...,. .-liI1? _od

•• ~ r._ ....lood~ ' .. -........,. ...... food _ ..~.-. doc ' ...".__ ..,. _ bn.. lop ...........1 "TlooK io __ ......... _Ihe .--,. (dlo •• ..,.,. nopd '........ 01 II .

<an. -.:yckl, "'r , TV•. CE., whodl .. i. p<tf«l nn""'- booI"""",, IMr....... bo tqllKcd """_ Ibcy Il1o lMe>t 1IIOIio1) Tho: F- law.... ··_cao'.1lCIJI~,. oppIiet r"" Iht ...,.idoIlIl do: 0I0l..-l::::.....toeo:.se .. _ pet6o<t •• " '" 1M k.- of ...- is _;-7-Morepo "hoi_hi' • 1= i--at-IjII ~·

• ~ __ a ..... ,.... ..,. .... __ bc-i· ......_-..e t , ..., ,..,.. " ....

,..1' of....,. WpIiW ..... EiIkf __ ....,. .. ........ 6= _u"._ ... *"_" lou' D,at,. told ... _ "de.... ; 1".-,.) 1_" Wi ......__ .......,. ".1 bYe Ilea ~.m:d _~ d. wI<do

... dle I"IoanuIw w!Iu~Pi'.'''' _1""'1"'-" __ kII<d oi _ dictalud by _aulClIr _., aul ualy ....1lIlIl

• :J1Cu od, _ w 'IllII._.~.__ ,.". "I _ Ialm<:I _ .'N rur _ Lifo-

........ ba.loa¥e_ • I _ ........ I. I .1_

.. )ACQUES ELlUL

,.r .~ t _ .... ' , __ ..,._.-.ldley ...._el,..... ,.., __ ..,.._-'0_*wdIt- faa!,""--- ' ........-~" __ 01 ....... 'i uody ........ t-KiII_ dl.

!hoM~ lec1 ! opom evmts whoth e...ry W _ ~h" .... Fonnula I _1111 cotJ. f... I~. com C<»I rn,lhoo. or 0011 ... on<!... -.i only _ II> .....01I0Il""" ..- of po< _ oil III Itifno: of .IOR'''Y1lIm 1heK _.he """"" c'- nom .........~ coou.. (SIOIoIIIoa _lIcao ' 1<>0 .."" _ do R"-:') NoIc. _ ....... ; f ...el.' a1npu _._ __ t ......

~l!lIO_ II _.__ _ ... nn __ .... .-...:1 ",10 t. _ probIi< t '''a)''n.p3IIIII--.d,.._~ 01 .. ......,_" ....... "'.

iiI""""""" _ ....' ..... Vl....__ lOW .... doe ddicll .. """ 1981~IuJpI i. ",,!be onkr of 200 bill"", d<>l11l1 (66'i1o of I,," (;NP). one -mof" ....u. OIl' ...... ., '" 10 <len"'" on~ ...w:ry 01 WICh mbcn.Tka ..... io .. _I'll ... (J/ "'" ' t ft' 01~ every~ .."'Ihe_ .,.-. ~__ ...... ,..., ...w u..A bc........... 300 .....__ """ _-- ,....*"'kt ..... )'Aft a.otrIIIII _ _ ' "" 6lD I0oloo.- -.. ......_ <II__ S1OO .._....,..............__oa_lpIIIy'~oI-.rapon_ , "'" _ddlu. s...oIlheoe_.. tva Ie> ""'..... IIU<~ pol'u "'........ cmbl<ln..., 10'"1 ........... lilt _ ~ of IIIc coun<n<o III Ihc ThIrd World Oft 1"'''' II> lIP t-lnljII" ....... c.>.OftlouM .- ,.."", r the __ Joo ....-oicaI............ .-purdlMa '+ .Il........ '), _ .........o--...~,.,_ ...... _..a-,..h< ' ....n.i........................ lk..ay... _ _'-"-r- ...-ur ' , \no_....... _ r: 1__ • .,. 1.1ioenl.... •....... _ .. "-'1...__ __ ....

..... ...y on mlnCI<d _ n.n. ir."~. t'OIIln>l1<d. dom......... «0­_ .. _ ..Ioodr. ..~y '""'In<k. -.._........ ,Mk_. ___ • ..-..~I.d 1 1

'c _11 .-ue..--' I ..__ _......... _ ......... _lod.oI .. .. I)...... III _- M_I I ou)_1 _ ....~. e " _ .. _ ....... _ .. -. ""- .. _ all .,. _ 1k bao-",.. ,.......... ,. .... I I =

00.. '.. ..... TnA, '10 _1Ir "" ,., of IIw AIiponl

IV. ABSURD HUMANITY?

",. bt' ... .t n_.-. f t ....__ ""-Ill" b ....

.. ' __ ... _ ........... plO)OI<' • p..,...t. for e. I I . by

T-.rd.a.dio~b_.""'IO·' 'r.,.' ,_ .... by! ,-~Or _.14' ,•. ,_iik<lboal"'_ ae.!'

';-_IqMl., I....,.1ioady a ... - w' I.., ..P', .......... boaL" ......... MIlIIIC·' I .(. -.c., ,

'I •. _... ftlJc.lIO.uf""' ..ilodo,"'" ';re.............w......... ..... .... , ............y ,..he_ =1yan.I.Ibc~."_"'&lttl""'by ,.fwllclloa .._"'~~.""'-Y.' IC_ ' Imoe Mod<nI .. ilu.&tIylloc"l'P'"4iw. I _ 10 ~

.. iI ftOl ... )'Cl ..hill it .......,.,. f. ""... bci. I iClJa-oo. '" 110 """"-pnljltlC1 .. thil been IItldcosIood .;_ lfIl>'IIIif)', cornpkfcly «*n11C1'..,;lobc>IWib" , ,III 0( mit. con __ wi' NIl ..hoetb<rlOCllnolo$leal_ it .....,to bo<oIne "_ human"!,

ltl Illt .,Ie -.chef CUIftIIIc __ "piliclnt. J.... ...... IJmO wbCII........ ".,.'.-... ..,.. be"'l __ .. the 19601•• _pr fm>c:b periodic"..u.l. ~.NobclPmc ......,...... ny., ri' ....Ibc ,." , 01 po-n. The_ ....

""'...-.sa ID ; ..,.", ... ....., ApiiOt rn.. I ,....Iilc"""--=_balcr"","_ r, :...".,.... I I' • .-y'IlI

........... dicy .- f&l. P""l*'" - ....... ...,.- ..,.""l' _ 10 1'WoooIy"""

k-. _~~;,;.~.;..;~_::,~:...dht!w., ,r·· , -, ,n. .... _Il. __ r., _ ._ .... .,bo.-.l.......... ' ,..._...-~ _ . , . """" .. Ibc~otIoa•

• he' ., __ .......... ,....io ........... .,.. n _ ....- .. IooIl..- ~I...,.w..." ..1100-..'...... _ '")"df••• c...-........ _+11 ........ ' '. .. __ICl)' tua t J..... """". f • by """"""'_ .......,. III ...... ond !he .-. III In e&lI ....,...............,-booty ond "Q)bodl'. __ ." m

t yxlolib....;,.... ,. inICJc"o_ ond Tbnc io n

C .,....,... i.crcMc in _oc ronno 01 conIall''''''') PlPOIt._oc. TlII: do.., ," '" rock _ IIW ~ illoolr3ta d tfIIOl '"......._ in __ _ u'""""""~ oM' "" .

JACQUES EUUL

...... -' Jft""'l ",a.e- .. ,_.....M)C ..; ,1Ol1y ..a<e \he ..unls ore

........ ...,._ ID .... ""I'«' _eM"'" AIr,"" larry.• ,......

... triet ... ""L_ d<-bo ._ ,,~"'."".Jy6' iF '"_ .. rt 0I'-=l) ttC ( we~ orend'" A), ow) ..... .,._ y........ I __ of~·. ~•• E ......... _ ......,._ ..."......j 5 _),._.. itrft • .....,"-=: ..--

\aylil.dy ill bctqJliod , '-n. faolII ", .. ' ; "'..~ .. __ "" _ _" 1'1" ....,. po.-'" <lallWba_ l'Io:"- ....- '" .1IIldicI;'"_.-. ..._.." •the ",.-de i. • "_ s.y ..W~"II .. .-.,I... ,.... """""" __ ...,. ... Tk)

_oo by._ e.ar • dae_ doe)' .......cYeIl I '_ ' " _ofdlee.aerul.....w.~..... oin:ahly_hrc <t _ 1'1".....'"," .... ... .w;,_ ... doe _........., _oeoflhe.... nVlloow,,,,lIl

The.. is.do>pmd "",,"'.. aet_IedI'''I ilw:~ ..aicled by Ill" lk'"..-... _ tof <:<IIWl'I>OIi<Jn .....,..,...... ""',1. SometJ.".. Ihcre i••_ I

.....,...iooI ""Ie lplllU II, Thew pop;alar roct I11I8II: imp<Jiln ~Cl ..,mer1ormodIbk 011 .... """ 'n....no. III IhM II ;, dIoan.

" _Iar df«t IS 1"" cd by 1110 __ d ......... noc ..l~ f""" TV -.t.......... loot.:... frono lIdvat.... ' M.«us.... 00~ -.I.~....jWlIIloc"l' '" • ..u Jl'l"OD. 'Thaob III '""""" II Mo Ilclc:ooIo< am.., ....--'" lbd_ .. ~_-.....-Ilw:_ ._~ol_ ....oal __ '" wllu:_.~.if' _. LoLc<o ............... P"l , - I ........_ .,......... _ ...be I_ _~_*y_.. 5 _

_ I _~ ..... loc_y ..........0, ; I....... I "l'Iflof*"'-,.. ___ ,_. "pol'·t. pI1 .._. I'.... t-Iy ........• I ,,_I.• _ ~._......_~.j"EFiof__ ,.. ...be 1" __ I •. _ ...... _ ..... ..,...

0--1_ "' ...... Ii _ ... *- ..0- ....._ if,.,. _t_ _.. ),ulem.;c.................... ; __ G.o _01o .... _ _.-f_ ....,_.... ...,. ,., 1

....-.••pt. "''''-''"...... no be 10__.

l1le ..." be<: ... _.,. 1 I 'II......,. pI<I:"'" III ...• "",,, ••_ .... __ 01 .roo _ """ 01 , ""-'n""'-... r<ll ,• .."."... """"'" """ y 011 ~ III t.1.1.,.........acd,.·.=' '1,-.l.: "'_..,.,.............yuJ ........... 01_ ,.. ·..I.-_ lIIc:-_oi .. ~ ..'" ttd TIle , I , ..... lO<II """"" uJ. """"'_ .....

"~ _ .... -.of...-. Ma-. 5 ; " .... "' .. ....,.~...

I .. t., ' i _4iiIIU_r- ....,..,. .. , ." .,......... - 1) ....._.... ..a;...w __ , • *IIOIuo 1/1

= I .-.,.cu~OCY5 • ,.". -'1 froM I' II1IbJect,...,. .. h.m ....u. ..ror-.~ dk' by .. __ lie .~ put of. dtti."",. It tIcciaooo is rw:Vtt lbe ..~ .:>luI"", 10 """'"I'RJtIlem (1<lInetII'"I • <o<np.IIef _ ~ 0UI1; II .. a1"'..ys ....,..;0" .. dillaotIlhuup or~...., Gordiu bot. n.., nYu 01_. LIIIII'".- ..._ .......=...1 .5~'_.ICdIocG _~

- ......._ •• ..,. _ 01......... ,. ., Ie' .-. ()oIy""..... -.dva .......)P*"l*' f ,~"',........ _UIIl:,:-'" \lI,,_Iib" all Ie-'J F', • "1._ I' ,~ _Mo", 1oeadI_,,'Ii ._.... _r '........"1'" ..,. .................. 01._~ ...fite.a. J • ..., .aenul1D .. ioIdi.oclIool • !he __1<aI eIlYr t •"'_Itd. Iitn: eumpe 01,.....,. ........... n:>u/J"I. Tho ..... il. r...

....ru1 "lemon, 1ft human hf~lhouP, <pm ' pmeI di/l'w<d With

llctla... "" ..... ha"" mudo i.~ witlllhe oflnldu..... oociel...a.-. ha..., .....,.. boa '.&ltiilloll by ......~~.-I--... B'_"'~..twayI_ .._~._.pul_..... ........ ,7 bca (".....,.,.. or ··fa"). c.lI ...... baood..........F~.__ -.y>""""-. S M. ~ .. _........, .... =~<If lel_· ............... iiJ•... II _._01 __ _ .!IodI"~

fa I .. 100... _ d Me 'yW by r.:ts Ooc II

-W ..,. lId, ron~ r.,.. by God. '" .. _ b_ ~ __..... "" diff_ Ie"",", ...bntatr by .... calkctlVe ponr i iIidI ...... Jft"IPbtabll$la LIS oknllly in _-uQlOOt"ic, ond "",,·pdllnl ways. or by ",l_d. ': '-p, ....""utI ,_ Of four pla)"fJ

...."-- ,'" ....,. _. PRO produced by ........"'....................toeoo:_ ..... IML$. 'n<y'""........-.P"" .•~._)'CtJlfO"'l*e6000 __ -....-..n.. .. ? a .............__ a

pafoa -- .................. ..- _ 4 .-.. """"" --....... bJ ..·? ' _«>-? ; , ....._ ....... lot 11:0ooo: .... ; I .. Yet .... ..,.... -oaw., a faoq wtMdo ..tIeaI1y *" .... •of a ~ io •-..... ... <alr ~ot··_ ··, , __ ......."",i""" pt....t I _ of < , • -: a .-- n, 10 10

iN........oo. oo<a,- ..."""'" oil, lhooo.... """ .., f_-. w. alrRdy~ lhM .. .-.. ....- • "'-'e opmdIrwo IoouB a ..., .. m. 01 ....TV..... _ ..... _ .... ...., ..... ,..-......,. ...._ ... I __ ~. __ .. "..,... t "1" j' ? _~)j ."

JACQUES B..LlA.

~;';.~.~"~';';'~. tad <Jl ScIII ':~-:o.:.:""""~~ ~_",., ,,-be. If .... ...,. .) __ nq .-c_. ....-...... ....P. ,a_PA P <Jl ....r--- _. _ fnc _ r.-

... II)' -.ienlaIIl -'" • .......". III~ ""'" chI... fII. atu>:Il.1Il ......a and ptn(IUl ~'Pl' (""""""I _ '"'" "".. ~IPl'an be """1'" ••1)1 Wbo" IIumm ",laliooI$h,Pl' ..., fUlooced ID ..vmII i,.;li.Jdu,aI,ben" f...:ilUled by doe .Ideo ",pnldllCliool ol ....... orpruud """"ca:k. lbo•...... ..,..- 'ink ...... ...., ollnlO 1'tlauoMolIIp. For • IoIIJ ,.., ..., ""~...-cd ......- ol r-ty ,. bfooIPl ... by .. _OniOUB ol TV_ IIlo ct .....-. -a. "' UiIIIe is "'., , ' .,........ _ .. _ ..........._ -.na .... cailI .

, "~"''''''.'''''_~.T' .. .-. _... ol ....,.' ', ... ,.. I, ~_lIIIP"

, _ .... I '. l.IlMd ...~_ ....._ _--,..tadolf.. " , aey_ iIoa:.............. " _ ol ........,_ ..... '_ _.,..ol .. ' ' ....,.P"""'* •

....-.~ for .... ".,.., ,,_ .. _ -iI) ;.... for • limlled""",,, .. ' g "'" indiQorW ra.c,oaI or danee. bul ,...11tI • I,ll'" at oddi<:ci~

P"'f1I'O"" Our ...- berome ... -..I phanlOSm "'hic:ll io "" loftier.y eoape. fr<IIn -..iIich M k The)' .-.,~.. iii ... .,..,... oe-.""""" by Ba-: They _ ...y... "'"""" .. " iy -.y r.- IIil i II , S nb:1 _ ... ~,_Illoy ~"-

..-1:1)' _ •• ......,...., _ l:o", e. &

_, _1 <1) 'e .. _1.__........._..... be •• _ .....

V. CONCLUSION: TOWARD A KIERXECAARDIANCRITIQUE Of TIlE ABSURD

00 .... _ ol ...... r- c.umpla III lhc I<adofts ..tea at -.qiall <»­...~ ... iIo __ ....-=--.- _ ...... 1hIIl _ or _ ...y• iy _ ThII_ be _ f -...-"'- __ ...... bow ,_ _ _01....__ .....- I " •• ,......,', i' .. _ n. •• _u; ......--,.,--_...._.., .....-_._-JIIOI .0.,-. _.,., "J.~.'" 'e."

,..- e_of_ ' "' ,,)~ ..........,. i tt- , , .

nR': ... r,,: ·V_IIIt''''' ;".,._.. ......,..••~ '" Wru II> ..... ~ ....._ IO<'l' brrc-dDoo.,..., ... W u.cao. bOllI "'.....,.. _ •• __ k¥d._.... ..- .. ' 7 , ' , _ ............~ ....

e.w. .. _.., ",oM. '" " ,.. (.. .-..-.. ... ..my ",.....-.,."'1". _,r'='M ..h IO_•• ' ,..~

.......... _' poudIoclt 00Iy I .. po<lClMO .... :oolo:_r... ....... '"' pboieUry pmbe o.Iy" I '01 --... '" .. _~ .. -.l .. pili< _ ... .., p>OlII,"""" '" tbnr

; _, 10" Sid< _ .. lIIIIy loOy _. "Iobaer lIoI io raJ,;'

.....Iudl..,. II '._lObo'......dod '·_iolRlly<lUtildo"~y"''''_.-dI-.. H< ._ "'..... oI,.........~"'~"""'.II fIIO'lIk IiDuu ...~. Tho cry...- of IOdlnoloo a<apeslwI Iitin. A plIiloo<lphy~ i" ........ of 19:500 lOC!oaIque I.... b~. ",.Ix liI'<Jrt ul~M..,m $1:""""1 io _peso for the 19101

h i. :t.o 101m< poubkm ",,,II ~prd lO ~I"'", 1lIo rapidity of 1CduI..a1 c........and .....1,1aI'.e lrOrI.fotmll!iono iII I<Chnlqw (lb<n! 10 • qUolhlal"e c"",,,," in lloe··lCCholCal moe_" ",ilil ....~ ftonl -. tIlCfJY.o eloclric.y . .-lIheo .... ia Iho u-.itiooo fronl .... iIldllr.trio/ 10 • dlu 1""='""'1 ,y_1I"'<dudelloeo..elop:rlallul.yl>WaoIt"'" The<b'e dcwlOn~'......... -.I _ be IJrou&Iol ... m. Iho 0UlI0Id0 Of r _..uem..J ....... Culture ttqIllIa _ ........ !MIl<: .,.~ .,...._valved. dooa.lil_d e. . ..~. • .elTon 10 :t __ • • r... -UfIO AI.. *"" ..,; " y.... ... ........ .., , 01 0rMl...-.M- .II ...,. ...... 7 aI bo<:l-.__ .......... _.,._.__a ,e ,._..,._... _....... _..... -..oa. _.,. __ •• potaol __ • 101oodl,...,.. ............._' ,All •• _by ....... "'.,-......... _.......,__.... Soodl i I are..-.-..,. 10 AIIiIlw• .-r"'" _til ...... ,' • __ • _." ~ ... · nlcool-.... "'0jiCW4.,._"""' ...._ OOMh.lO.. I ...

... "'" _..-al"""'*(dIoIIfta') w lao",..,..""""""..,~ _? • !Of I ....? .. NlIon.'" _!hey _ ...."'odocllOn. dIIa PO'" ''II'''''' odoooIo ... -.... __ loow 10-_("4 _

F. fn:JnI euiblll" .... p<lO<Dt.M f<Ir I pIioi"*,,,,>" or ooll8n: of ....'*'101>'Ibe ..ndeOrc... ond Of1CIIlalKU of peope (oncilldi... i..I1""'.......),_ .._ """"""'" .., lOW'" --... ... JIIIllficlli<JOr_ T" Ill< n,,,,,, Lhol_ ..d_it,...... iU II eao<. _...,..._ by ..-.t <Ii II .........0: .....,.. •• he Io<Q f<Ir" ; __ ·bick, by _ heIIy way <Ii no. -.I """ b< .... n_ """-"- <Ii "'... h ... II< I -.n-lly ;. "'*'P"*' ..--01. • t .......,.,--, .., ;; , _....-

'. _ .. _ .' )' II ) ...... _ct.ofy-... ' f ..... bdioIs d, "' l'e dlw_ pw"""""""'."" ,...~(. II bbm. """'"' ••~ IOIKe1llk). Thm: .....~hope b .. <JIlC'I"lI ;., "'*-'" worlds f""" """"'" _ ... ~neM. rdidwill \OIl< Tho .............. lAd o..twIl<b... JIlIOCOM d, F:T....- 10...ThII .....,m.",.~ _ ..-d up _ d, f'"Ol* """"............,by. D's our...... ..IocIoo< __-t..- ph' ,',. no.,.... ...... ror ,... d,.. ' 4" •• _4 ...... _...ty.-.a.MoIo: .. ..,....,.. ..poIiID.ldy .. _ _ 7 ...... 01... • ou<II: ft:mydlpe.- , _ • ......,. no.~J f ...

...... 1 , ., I· NoitlooI'- ony....-,. '- .y .00 ,dopo d b:l""*'a if; jIdI • IalOORIblc • ...,mi,...... This........... ill bill ... ...,...,.. if; """ .... 1bo.. '-" ••,,11~ ".".....,ill ... 1aol j<Ift.

............ -.. .... 1·· 1ot __ IOSoInI~.I_

wloo' , .. -...llw:au_.__ ,.y ....h_,' 'r At~...--. .. ldf ...~.-~ frody........... _ pbJbct= .. , 11 "Y.INoobIo _ -.ry ............._~ ~ >dr. if~ Ii Ill'" h_ .. poooibih.y. bef<ft II,•. 1lleK _i lire.................. ,..tude 01 frudom II ..t>do ......'f io ~.ultd. Con·.......ty. thcto .. III .......,"& 10 Ill;" free,Jom ir it does "'" mt on aftIl fUn up..... __ -..y .. I ""'* d, 1tCCUllia. It • Ihc diakclJ<'bet-. ..... '-~ ... __ c>'l' """. It(.- 10 CIIIfIl- ..l--.t '" , "'" ~.__ .... ........ __._. _..-._-

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