IXITLANIXITLAN

GeographyGeography

IXITLAN  Map ActivityIXITLAN  Map Activity Rivers/Lakes: Amazon R, Columbia R, Rivers/Lakes: Amazon R, Columbia R,

Mississippi R, Mackenzie R, Lake Superior, Mississippi R, Mackenzie R, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake OntarioOntario

Mountains: Andes, Rockies, AppalachiansMountains: Andes, Rockies, Appalachians Deserts: Great Basin, Mojave, Sonoran, Deserts: Great Basin, Mojave, Sonoran,

AtacamaAtacama Others: Bighorn Medicine Wheel, Tenochtitlan, Others: Bighorn Medicine Wheel, Tenochtitlan,

Serpent Mound, Tikal, Angel Falls, Chaco Serpent Mound, Tikal, Angel Falls, Chaco Canyon, Monument Valley, Bear Butte, Niagara Canyon, Monument Valley, Bear Butte, Niagara FallsFalls

Columbia river http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8emFdLNOTkColumbia river http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8emFdLNOTk

Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest PotlatchPotlatch

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iM8rHprFz8Yv=iM8rHprFz8Y

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0xxTURFxYU&feature=related0xxTURFxYU&feature=related

Surfing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohz4kpB4fbESurfing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohz4kpB4fbE

Waterfall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UJCrb9mVeUWaterfall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UJCrb9mVeU

ANDESANDES

Massive mountain system extends from the tip Massive mountain system extends from the tip of South America all the way to Panama.of South America all the way to Panama.

Source of most major rivers on the continent Source of most major rivers on the continent and is 4,500 miles (7,240 km) in length. and is 4,500 miles (7,240 km) in length.

Home to some of the planet's largest Home to some of the planet's largest volcanoes, and in the far south along the coast volcanoes, and in the far south along the coast of Chile, large ice sheets are commonplace. of Chile, large ice sheets are commonplace. The Andes highest point being Aconcagua in The Andes highest point being Aconcagua in Argentina, at 22,384 ft. (6,960m). Argentina, at 22,384 ft. (6,960m).

Aconcagua Aconcagua

GUIANA HIGHLANDSGUIANA HIGHLANDS

Stunning part of Planet Earth, Stunning part of Planet Earth, over 1,000 miles in length, the over 1,000 miles in length, the Highlands stretch from Highlands stretch from southern Venezuela across southern Venezuela across the northern edge of South the northern edge of South America to the tip of Brazil.America to the tip of Brazil.

Vast plateau, one marked by Vast plateau, one marked by deep gorges, tropical rain deep gorges, tropical rain forests, numerous rivers and forests, numerous rivers and waterfallswaterfalls

Famed for the highest Famed for the highest waterfall in the world (Angel waterfall in the world (Angel Falls) at 3,212 ft (979m) high. Falls) at 3,212 ft (979m) high.

Angel FallsAngel Fallshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBsfqlv3S3ghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBsfqlv3S3g

The AmazonThe Amazonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3bPaUQjwG4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3bPaUQjwG4

the largest tropical rain forest in the world, and the largest tropical rain forest in the world, and running through its heart is the Amazon River, running through its heart is the Amazon River, and its more than 1,000 tributaries, seven of and its more than 1,000 tributaries, seven of them more than 1,000 miles in length.them more than 1,000 miles in length.

Rising high in the Andes, the river's network Rising high in the Andes, the river's network irrigates almost half of the continent, and in irrigates almost half of the continent, and in terms of volume of water discharged into an terms of volume of water discharged into an ocean... it's the largest in the world. ocean... it's the largest in the world.

Amazon RiverAmazon River

Atacama DesertAtacama Desert

Rocky MountainsRocky Mountainshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_v0u9HHkEUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_v0u9HHkEU

Kayak http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkDr00qdK3YKayak http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkDr00qdK3Y

plane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pu65c0G2ZUplane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pu65c0G2ZU

Honu Honu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F1Epw4rOK8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F1Epw4rOK8 lightening http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1dJ0_daaTk lightening http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1dJ0_daaTk

panoramic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOtNGFDM-c8panoramic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOtNGFDM-c8

Bear ButteBear Butte

Is a important landmark and Is a important landmark and religious site for the Plains Indians religious site for the Plains Indians tribes tribes

Bear Butte is called Mato Paha, or Bear Butte is called Mato Paha, or Bear Mountain, by the LakotaBear Mountain, by the Lakota

To the Cheyenne, it is Noahvose, To the Cheyenne, it is Noahvose, the place where Maheo (God) the place where Maheo (God) imparted to Sweet Medicine the imparted to Sweet Medicine the knowledge from which the knowledge from which the Cheyenne derive their religious, Cheyenne derive their religious, political, social, and economic political, social, and economic customs. customs.

The mountain is sacred to many The mountain is sacred to many indigenous peoples, who make indigenous peoples, who make pilgrimages to leave prayer cloths pilgrimages to leave prayer cloths and bundles tied to the branches and bundles tied to the branches of the trees along the mountain’s of the trees along the mountain’s flanks. Other offerings are often flanks. Other offerings are often left at the top of the mountain. The left at the top of the mountain. The site is associated with various site is associated with various religious ceremonies throughout religious ceremonies throughout the year. The mountain is a place the year. The mountain is a place of prayer, meditation, and peace. of prayer, meditation, and peace.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiZ920sncZIv=jiZ920sncZI

SundanceSundance

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQrW-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQrW-3BZtyQ&feature=related3BZtyQ&feature=related

Medicine WheelMedicine Wheel

Medicine Wheel SitesMedicine Wheel Sites

Bighorn Medicine WheelBighorn Medicine Wheel

Members of the Crow tribe, who have long used Members of the Crow tribe, who have long used the Medicine Wheel for rituals, ascribe its creation the Medicine Wheel for rituals, ascribe its creation to a boy named Burnt Face. According to the to a boy named Burnt Face. According to the story, the boy fell into the fire as a baby and was story, the boy fell into the fire as a baby and was severely scarred.severely scarred.

When Burnt Face reached his teen years, he When Burnt Face reached his teen years, he went on a vision quest in the mountains, where he went on a vision quest in the mountains, where he fasted and built the medicine wheel. During his fasted and built the medicine wheel. During his quest, he helped drive away an animal who quest, he helped drive away an animal who attacked baby eaglets. In return, he was carried attacked baby eaglets. In return, he was carried off by an eagle and his face was made smooth.off by an eagle and his face was made smooth.

For centuries, the Bighorn Medicine Wheel has For centuries, the Bighorn Medicine Wheel has been used by Crow youth for fasting and vision been used by Crow youth for fasting and vision quests.quests.

Native Americans also go to Bighorn to offer Native Americans also go to Bighorn to offer thanks for the creation that sustains them, thanks for the creation that sustains them, placing a buffalo skull on the center cairn as a placing a buffalo skull on the center cairn as a prayer offering. prayer offering.

Prayers are offering here for healing, and Prayers are offering here for healing, and atonement is made for harm done to others atonement is made for harm done to others and to Mother Earth. and to Mother Earth.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDRIpPYo0Rohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDRIpPYo0Ro

Chaco Canyon, located in Northwestern New Chaco Canyon, located in Northwestern New Mexico, is the center of a Mexico, is the center of a network of roads built by the Anasazi. network of roads built by the Anasazi.

These have been referred to by some as spirit These have been referred to by some as spirit lines, because of their astonishing engineering. lines, because of their astonishing engineering.

The roads stretch from one community to the The roads stretch from one community to the next in absolutely straight lines, not next in absolutely straight lines, not deviating according to the contours of the land.deviating according to the contours of the land.

Monument ValleyMonument Valleyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdUTS-UMCF8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdUTS-UMCF8

Dineh MythologyDineh Mythology Changing Woman, Child Born of Water & Changing Woman, Child Born of Water &

Monster SlayerMonster Slayer Beauty WayBeauty Way

White in the east White in the east represents White-represents White-Shell Woman; Shell Woman;

Blue in the south Blue in the south represents Turquoise represents Turquoise Woman; Woman;

Yellow to the west Yellow to the west represents Abalone represents Abalone Woman; Woman;

and Black to the north and Black to the north represents Jet Black represents Jet Black Woman. Woman.

Mount Blanca Mount Blanca (Tsisnaasjini' - Dawn (Tsisnaasjini' - Dawn or White Shell or White Shell Mountain)Mountain)Sacred Mountain of Sacred Mountain of the Eastthe Eastnear Alamosa in San near Alamosa in San Luis Valley, Colorado Luis Valley, Colorado

Mount Taylor Mount Taylor (Tsoodzil - Blue Bead (Tsoodzil - Blue Bead or Turquoise or Turquoise Mountain)Mountain)Sacred Mountain of Sacred Mountain of the Souththe Southnorth of Laguna, New north of Laguna, New Mexico Mexico

San Francisco Peaks San Francisco Peaks (Doko'oosliid - (Doko'oosliid - Abalone Shell Abalone Shell Mountain)Mountain)Sacred Mountain of Sacred Mountain of the Westthe Westnear Flagstaff, near Flagstaff, Arizona Arizona

Mount Hesperus Mount Hesperus Dibé Nitsaa (Big Dibé Nitsaa (Big Mountain Sheep) - Mountain Sheep) - Obsidian MountainObsidian MountainSacred Mountain of Sacred Mountain of the Norththe NorthLa Plata Mountains, La Plata Mountains, Colorado Colorado

Serpent MoundSerpent Mound

Serpent Mound is the largest and finest serpent Serpent Mound is the largest and finest serpent mound in the United States. mound in the United States.

Nearly a quarter of a mile long, Serpent Mound Nearly a quarter of a mile long, Serpent Mound represents an uncoiling serpent. The head of represents an uncoiling serpent. The head of the serpent is aligned to the summer solstice the serpent is aligned to the summer solstice sunset and the coils also point to the winter sunset and the coils also point to the winter solstice sunrise and the equinox sunrise. solstice sunrise and the equinox sunrise.

The Serpent mound is the largest effigy mound The Serpent mound is the largest effigy mound in the world. in the world.

The Cherokee relate the legend of the The Cherokee relate the legend of the UktenaUktena, , a large serpent with supernatural appearance a large serpent with supernatural appearance and powerand power

TheoryTheory

The carbon dating attribution of 1070 The carbon dating attribution of 1070 coincides with two significant astronomic coincides with two significant astronomic events: The appearance of Halley's events: The appearance of Halley's Comet in 1066 and the light from the Comet in 1066 and the light from the supernova that created Crab Nebula in supernova that created Crab Nebula in 1054. 1054.

The Serpent mound is the largest effigy The Serpent mound is the largest effigy mound in the world. mound in the world.

The Cherokee relate the legend of the The Cherokee relate the legend of the UktenaUktena, a large serpent with supernatural , a large serpent with supernatural appearance and power. appearance and power.

NiagaraNiagara http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKm8Rb7-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKm8Rb7-

5Jc5Jc

    The Niagara Falls, or Nee-ah-The Niagara Falls, or Nee-ah-

gah-rah (Thundering Waters)  gah-rah (Thundering Waters)  are the most sacred waters of are the most sacred waters of the Iroquois people, and a the Iroquois people, and a focus of many of their legends focus of many of their legends and myths. and myths.

For centuries, the Iroquois For centuries, the Iroquois believed that the sound of the believed that the sound of the waterfall was the voice of the waterfall was the voice of the mighty spirit of the waters. mighty spirit of the waters. Until the mid 18th century, they Until the mid 18th century, they sought the favor of the Water sought the favor of the Water Spirit by sacrificing a maiden Spirit by sacrificing a maiden to the Falls each year - to the Falls each year - sending her in a white canoe sending her in a white canoe decorated with fruits and decorated with fruits and flowers over the brink of the flowers over the brink of the falls. To be sacrificed was the falls. To be sacrificed was the greatest honor, and insured greatest honor, and insured special gifts and happy hunting special gifts and happy hunting grounds in the afterlife.  grounds in the afterlife. 

TikalTikalhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHgYSh-EIzEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHgYSh-EIzE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3W_FwbhU84&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3W_FwbhU84&feature=related

Tikal RuinsTikal Ruins

The ruin is part of the Mayan Biosphere The ruin is part of the Mayan Biosphere Reserve and is the only region of the Reserve and is the only region of the world that is declared by UNESCO as world that is declared by UNESCO as both Cultural and Natural Patrimony of both Cultural and Natural Patrimony of Humanity. Humanity.

The 10 square mile ruin features 3, 000 The 10 square mile ruin features 3, 000 temples, shrines, ceremonial platforms, temples, shrines, ceremonial platforms, residences, ball courts, terraces, residences, ball courts, terraces, causeways and plazas. causeways and plazas.

Aztec RuinsAztec Ruins

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4AvpgQ3zR0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4AvpgQ3zR0