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IT 10103 IT 10103 Introduction to Information TechnologyIntroduction to Information Technology
CHAPTER 05 - INPUTCHAPTER 05 - INPUT
InputInput
What is Input?What is Input?Any data or instruction entered into the Any data or instruction entered into the
memory of a computer.memory of a computer.
InputInput
There are 4 types of input:There are 4 types of input:
TextText
GraphicsGraphics
AudioAudio
VideoVideo
InputInput
DataDataSingle Fact about somethingSingle Fact about something
InputInput
InstructionsInstructionsPrograms are made up of instructions that Programs are made up of instructions that are processed in memory to convert data are processed in memory to convert data
into informationinto information
InputInput
CommandCommandUser issued request for the computer to User issued request for the computer to
perform some actionperform some action
InputInput
User ResponseUser ResponseReplying to a question asked by the Replying to a question asked by the
program instructionsprogram instructions
InputInput
Input DevicesInput DevicesAny hardware component that allows users Any hardware component that allows users to enter data or instructions into a computer.to enter data or instructions into a computer.
KeyboardsKeyboards
The primary input device for the personal The primary input device for the personal computercomputer
KeyboardsKeyboardsQWERTYQWERTY
DVORAKDVORAK
KeyboardsKeyboardsTypes of KeyboardsTypes of Keyboards
The Kinesis Keyboard
104 Key Keyboard
102 Key Multimedia Keyboard
Pointing DevicesPointing Devices
Controls a pointer on-screenControls a pointer on-screen
Pointing DevicesPointing Devices
MouseMousePrimary pointing device on personal Primary pointing device on personal
computerscomputers
MouseMouse
Mouse was originally invented at Xerox’s Palo Mouse was originally invented at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the late 70’sAlto Research Center (PARC) in the late 70’s
Mice where first introduced to the public with the Mice where first introduced to the public with the introduction of the Apple Macintosh in 1984introduction of the Apple Macintosh in 1984
MouseMouse
Primary pointing device – Primary pointing device –
it moves a cursor on screen corresponding to the it moves a cursor on screen corresponding to the movement of the mouse by the usermovement of the mouse by the user
MouseMouse
Types of mice:Types of mice:
Roller BallRoller Ball
Track BallTrack Ball
OpticalOptical
LaserLaser
Light PenLight Pen
Graphic StylusGraphic Stylus
MouseMouse
Roller Ball:Roller Ball:
Track Ball:Track Ball:
Optical: (LED)Optical: (LED)
Laser (Logitech G5)Laser (Logitech G5)
Light PenLight Pen
Graphic StylusGraphic Stylus
Mouse Interfaces:Mouse Interfaces:
PS/2PS/2
USBUSB
SerialSerial
MouseMouse
PS/2PS/2
USBUSB
SerialSerial
Entering data by speaking into a microphone Entering data by speaking into a microphone attached to the computerattached to the computer
Called Voice RecognitionCalled Voice Recognition
See Page 245 – Figure 5-18See Page 245 – Figure 5-18
Voice InputVoice Input
Entering sound into the computerEntering sound into the computer
Music and Sound EffectsMusic and Sound Effects
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
Audio InputAudio Input
Digital CameraDigital CameraAllows users to take pictures and store the Allows users to take pictures and store the
photographed images digitally. photographed images digitally.
When you take a When you take a picture, light passes picture, light passes
into the camera into the camera lens, which focuses lens, which focuses
the image on a the image on a charge-coupled charge-coupled
device (CCD)device (CCD). The . The CCD generates an CCD generates an analog signal that analog signal that
represents the represents the image.image.
Digital CameraDigital Camera
An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts the An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts the analog signal to a digital signal. A analog signal to a digital signal. A digital signal digital signal processor (DSP) processor (DSP) stores the digital image on the stores the digital image on the
camera’s storage media. camera’s storage media.
Digital CameraDigital Camera
The images can be transferred to a computer via The images can be transferred to a computer via a USB/Serial/Firewire connectiona USB/Serial/Firewire connection
Digital CameraDigital Camera
Factors to Consider:Factors to Consider:
Resolution & Pixel QuantityResolution & Pixel Quantity
Digital CameraDigital Camera
Resolution:Resolution:
Describes the sharpness and clearness of an Describes the sharpness and clearness of an imageimage
Stated in Pixels per InchStated in Pixels per Inch
1600 x 12001600 x 1200
1600 pixels per horizontal inch1600 pixels per horizontal inch
1200 pixels per vertical inch1200 pixels per vertical inch
Digital CameraDigital Camera
Bit Depth:Bit Depth:
24 bits per pixel is minimum for a good quality 24 bits per pixel is minimum for a good quality digital cameradigital camera
Or each pixel requiring 24 bits to represent the Or each pixel requiring 24 bits to represent the color of the pixel or 3 Bytes per colorcolor of the pixel or 3 Bytes per color
Digital CameraDigital Camera
Video:Video:
Digital Video camera’s work the same way, but Digital Video camera’s work the same way, but record moving images requiring larger capacity record moving images requiring larger capacity
storage.storage.
Digital CameraDigital Camera
ScannersScanners
Optical Device similar to a copierOptical Device similar to a copier
Designed to make copies of images & text for use Designed to make copies of images & text for use with a computer measured in dpi or dots per inchwith a computer measured in dpi or dots per inch
The higher the dpi the shaper and clearer the The higher the dpi the shaper and clearer the image, but also the greater the storage needs to image, but also the greater the storage needs to
hold all the datahold all the data
ScannersScanners
ImagesImages
Converts Analog signal copy to a Digital signal Converts Analog signal copy to a Digital signal copy that a computer can usecopy that a computer can use
ScannersScanners
TextText
Converts the text into digital format via OCR Converts the text into digital format via OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software(Optical Character Recognition) software
ScannersScanners
OCROCR
Recognizing the text on a document to be able to Recognizing the text on a document to be able to convert it to editable text a word processing or convert it to editable text a word processing or
other software can useother software can use
ScannersScanners
Scanner dpi vs Printer dpiScanner dpi vs Printer dpi
Scanner or image dpi refers to how much Scanner or image dpi refers to how much information is in the image in a given area; information is in the image in a given area;
printer dpi gives you an idea of how the ink goes printer dpi gives you an idea of how the ink goes onto the paperonto the paper
ScannersScanners
There is rarely a need to scan higher than 240 dpi There is rarely a need to scan higher than 240 dpi except for OCR except for OCR
Pictures in magazines are scanned at 200 dpiPictures in magazines are scanned at 200 dpi
ScannersScanners
For:For: Scan At:Scan At:
E-MailE-Mail 72 dpi72 dpi
Web PagesWeb Pages 72-100 dpi72-100 dpi
PrintersPrinters 72-240 dpi72-240 dpi
OCROCR 300 dpi300 dpi
Storage ConcernsStorage Concerns
Scanning a 4x6 photo produces:Scanning a 4x6 photo produces:
240 DPI = 4.032Mb240 DPI = 4.032Mb
360 DPI = 9.074Mb360 DPI = 9.074Mb
720 DPI = 36.295Mb720 DPI = 36.295Mb
ScannersScanners
The technology of authenticating a person’s The technology of authenticating a person’s identity by verifying a personal characteristicidentity by verifying a personal characteristic
Used to grant access to programs, systems, Used to grant access to programs, systems, rooms, or buildings.rooms, or buildings.
BioMetricsBioMetrics
Fingerprint ScannerFingerprint Scanner
Used to authenticate utilizing the distinctive Used to authenticate utilizing the distinctive fingerprint pattern of an individualfingerprint pattern of an individual
BioMetricsBioMetrics
Hand Geometry ScannerHand Geometry Scanner
Used to authenticate utilizing the distinctive Used to authenticate utilizing the distinctive geometric hand pattern of an individualgeometric hand pattern of an individual
BioMetricsBioMetrics
Face Recognition ScannerFace Recognition Scanner
Used to authenticate utilizing a comparison of the Used to authenticate utilizing a comparison of the individuals prerecorded face image with the individuals prerecorded face image with the
image being scannedimage being scanned
BioMetricsBioMetrics
Voice Verification ScannerVoice Verification Scanner
Used to authenticate utilizing a comparison of the Used to authenticate utilizing a comparison of the individuals prerecorded voice pattern with the individuals prerecorded voice pattern with the
voice pattern being scannedvoice pattern being scanned
BioMetricsBioMetrics
Signature Verification ScannerSignature Verification Scanner
Used to authenticate utilizing a comparison of the Used to authenticate utilizing a comparison of the individuals prerecorded signature with the individuals prerecorded signature with the
signature being scannedsignature being scanned
BioMetricsBioMetrics
Iris Recognition ScannerIris Recognition Scanner
Used to authenticate utilizing a scan of the iris Used to authenticate utilizing a scan of the iris which is unique for each individualwhich is unique for each individual
BioMetricsBioMetrics
All input devices regardless of type allow us to All input devices regardless of type allow us to enter some form of data into the computer for use enter some form of data into the computer for use
with software or for storagewith software or for storage
Input SummaryInput Summary
Questions?Questions?
Answer these questions:Answer these questions:
How would Biometrics benefit students?How would Biometrics benefit students?What might be the advantages and disadvantages of What might be the advantages and disadvantages of Biometrics for students?Biometrics for students?With the benefits and disadvantages in mind, would you With the benefits and disadvantages in mind, would you be better off with or without Biometrics for students? Why?be better off with or without Biometrics for students? Why?
Discuss RFID technology? Discuss RFID technology? What role you think it will play in our future?What role you think it will play in our future?What do you see as good or bad about RFID?What do you see as good or bad about RFID?
Assignment 03Assignment 03