ISRAEL HISTORY MAPS - Geographic Chronology of Jewish Sovereignty … · 2015-06-10 · israel history maps - geographic chronology of jewish sovereignty in israel map page layout

ISRAEL HISTORY MAPS - Geographic Chronology of Jewish Sovereignty in Israel

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Map Page Layout

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE

KINGDOMS OFJUDAH / ISR AEL

CANAANITECITY-STATES /

KINGDOMS

BRITISH RULE 1948 1917

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1099

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-538

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BABYLONEAN RULE

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TIME LINE common date [Hebrew date]

ISRAEL

EGYPT

MOABITES

AMMONITES

ARAMITES

PHIL

ISTIN

ES

EDOMITES

SIDO

NIAN

S

ISRAEL - DAVID & SOLOMON -931

1004 BCE - 931 BCE

THE GREAT SEA(MEDITERRANEAN SEA)

JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

MEGIDDO

DAN

GAZA

TYRE

SIDONDAMASCUS

JERICHORABBAH

ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA

© 2015 ilan.creative | design ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDPRODUCED BY AMIR REINER FOR ISRAEL HISTORY MAPS

MAPS ARE FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY

150100500

KILOMETERS

CITY

EXTENT OF JEWISH SOVEREIGNTY

ADMINISTRATIVE BORDERS OF NON-JEWISH RULE

N

NON-JEWISH ADMINISTRATIVEAREA OF JUDEA

6

King David and King SolomonUnited Kingdom of Israel and Judahabout 1004 BCE to 931 BCE

Under the rule of King David and King Solomon, perhaps the greatest kings in the history of the Jewish people, Israel experienced the greatest expansion ever - along with economic prosperity. Cities from northern Syria of today to the Red Sea were under direct control or infl uence of the young Hebrew kingdom (2 Samuel 24). Jerusalem became the new capital and the primary religious center with the building of the Temple. It was a time of abundance and peace, with many public works, such as the building of the First Temple in Jerusalem and the grand palace (1 Kings 5). Towards the end of Solomon’s rule there were various revolts that threatened the stability of the kingdom.

Remains of King David’s Palace in Jerusalem or Kings of the House of David (according to Eilat Mazer)

Brief Historic OverviewEach map is accompanied with a brief historic overview of the period shown on the map. Th is overview relates to the geo-political situation at the time as well as other aspects of the inhabitants.

Reference ImageA photo or image that is relevant to the time period, provides a more visual dimension to the issues discussed.

Historical mapTh e map describes the geo-political situation during the specifi c time period.

TimelineTh e timeline puts the specifi c map into a broad historic context. It helps the reader see when the events in the specifi c period occured relative to other periods.

Graphic ScaleAll maps are in uniform scale, making it easy to compare between various time periods.

Map NumberMap number in the overall sequence.

Colored AreasArea of the extent of Jewish sovereignty is clearly marked. When there was no Jewish rule, a diff erent color is used to indicate the area of the regional administration.

CitiesCities that were signifi cant during most periods.

Nations / Kingdoms / StatesSignifi cant national and/or political entities that existed during the specifi c period.

Time PeriodSignifi cant sovereigns and years spanning the period.

141140


Sample Maps

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


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-586

-538

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BABYLONEAN RULE

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JUDAH

REUBEN

SIMEON

DAN

EGYPT

MOAB

AMMON

PHIL

ISTIN

ES

EDOM

SIDO

NIAN

S

ARAMEANS

NAPHTALI

GAD

ASHER

ISSACHARZEVULUN

MENASSHE

MENASSHE

EPHRAIM

BENJAMIN

BORDERS OF THE 12 TRIBES -1100s

1200 BCE - 1050 BCE


JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

MEGIDDO

DAN

GAZA

TYRE

SIDONDAMASCUS

JERICHORABBAH

ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA



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4

Tribal Allotments of IsraelTime of the Judgesabout 1200 BCE to 1050 BCE

Settlement of the Hebrew tribes was a long and complex process, spanning over many generations. Borders shift ed oft en as various tribes gained or lost strength. In the book of Joshua (Chapter 18) it is described that surveyors from each tribe were sent to investigate the land. Th e land was then allotted to the tribes according to their size. Th e boundaries between the tribes are mentioned in the book of Joshua (Chapters 15-19). But, this most likely refl ects the boundaries also during the majority of the period of Judges. Note that the tribe of Dan eventually migrated north from their original coastal region.

Border Stone from Ancient Mesopotamia appears in History of ... Babylonia and Assyria (1906)

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


1517

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1099

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-1004

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PERSIAN RULE

BABYLONEAN RULE

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EGYPT

DECAPOLIS

NABATAEANS

PHIN

ICIA

NS

SYRIA PROVINCE (ROME)

JUDEA

HEROD’S KINGDOM OF JUDEA -23

23 BCE - 20 BCE


JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

MEGIDDO

DAN

GAZA

TYRE

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25Model of the Second Temple and JerusalemOn display in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem

King HerodHerodian Kingdom of Judea - Kingdom Expansionabout 23 BCE to 20 BCE

Th e era of Herod’s rule was a prosperous time of peace, economic growth and spiritual awareness. Perhaps one of the most signifi cant marks of his reign (from a Jewish standpoint) was the building of the Temple and the associated complex in Jerusalem, which was constructed over decades. It was actually a rebuilding of the existing Second Temple. But, the construction was done in such a way that it was almost considered as a new building. An expanded platform was constructed around the original Temple Mount with supporting buildings of both administrative and religious nature. Th e Temple halls themselves were elevated and beautifi ed with golden gates, columns and golden decorations. In the Talmud it says that anyone who hasn’t seen (Herod’s) Temple, hasn’t seen a beautiful building in his life. Th is most marvelous structure epitomizing the Jewish system of faith, sat in the heart of Jerusalem, surrounded by other buildings completed during the reign of Herod.

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


1517

1291

1099

636

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-1004

-586

-538

PERSIAN RULE

BABYLONEAN RULE

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EYALET OF EGYPT

EYALET OF SYRIA

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

1517 CE - 1874 CE


JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

MEGIDDO

DAN

GAZA

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SIDONDAMASCUS

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ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA



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40Jerusalem’s City Walls as built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnifi cent

Ottoman RuleSyria (Damascus) Eyaletabout 1517 CE to 1874 CE

During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottoman Empire entered a long period of conquest and expanded its borders. Th e conquest of the land of Israel was vital in order to establish Ottoman rule in Egypt and naval presence in the Red Sea. Israel was included in Damascus Eyalet (Damascus Province) and was scarcely populated. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnifi cent in the 16th century, Jerusalem, named in Arabic, Al-Quds, enjoyed much development and fl ourished with new buildings and new city walls. In 1799 Napoleon briefl y occupied the land and even planned a proclamation inviting Jews to create a national state for themselves. Th e proclamation was shelved following his defeat at Acre.

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


1517

1291

1099

636

313

70

- 63

-166

-332

-1004

-586

-538

PERSIAN RULE

BABYLONEAN RULE

1

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ISRAEL

JORDAN

EGYPT

LEBANON

SYRIA

ISRAEL - AFTER SINAI WITHDRAWAL 1982

1982 CE - 1993 CE


JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

MEGIDDO

DAN

GAZA

TYRE

SIDONDAMASCUS

JERICHORABBAH

ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA



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50

State of IsraelAft er Withdrawal from Sinai (1982) 1982 CE to 1993 CE

As Israel secured the borders in the south with the full retreat from Sinai, problems started to arise in the north, where masses of Palestinian terrorists settled in southern Lebanon. In order to protect the northern cities, Israel invaded Lebanon (the First Lebanon War) and managed to force out many of the terrorists. Israeli forces remained in southern Lebanon (in a security zone they created) for almost two decades aft er the war. During this time the Israeli economy fl ourished with new industries and opportunities. In 1987 the fi rst Intifada (uprising) broke out in the West Bank, starting off as a Palestinian national uprising and escalating to a full campaign of terrorism against Israeli civilian population. Suicide bombers exploded in buses, shopping malls and other civilian centers.Only aft er great eff orts was the Israeli army able to put down the Intifada. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, approximately one million Jews immigrated to Israel from the former Soviet countries. Th e Rabin administration in the early 1990’s advanced the peace process with Israel’s neighbors, signing the peace treaty with Jordan and the Oslo accords with the Palestinians in 1993.

US President Bill Clinton, Israel PM Yitzhak Rabin, PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat, at the White House

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Table of Contents

Forward 6About the Authors 7About the Project 8Introduction 10

Th e Land Satellite map 12 Topographic map 14 Google map 16

Th e Maps Canaanite Cities and Kingdoms 20 Era of Settlement 22

Beginning of the First Era of Hebrew Rule in the Land of Israel 24 Joshua’s Conquests 26 Tribal Allotments of Israel 28 King Saul 30 King David and King Solomon 32 Divided Kingdom 34 King Ahab and King Jehoshaphat 36 King Jehu and King Joash 38 King Uzziah and King Jeroboam II 40 King Hezekiah of Judah 42 King Josiah 44End of the First Era of Hebrew Rule in the Land of Israel 46

Beginning of the First (Babylonian) Exile Neo-Babylonian Kingdom 48End of the First (Babylonian) Exile

Province of Judah (Yehud Medinata) 50 Province of Judah 52 Beginning of the Second Era of Jewish Rule in the Land of Israel 54 Jonathan the Maccabee 56 Simon the Maccabee 58 John Hyrcanus 60 Judah Aristobulus I 62 Alexander Jannaeus 64 Roman Rule 66

King Herod - First Period 68 King Herod - Second Period 70 King Herod - Th ird Period 72 King Herod - Forth Period 74 King Herod - Fift h Period 76 Roman Rule 78

Great Jewish - Roman War 80 Great Jewish - Roman War 82 Great Jewish - Roman War 84End of the Second Era of Jewish Rule in the Land of Israel 86

Beginning of the Second (Roman) Exile Roman Rule 88 Bar Kochva Revolt 90 Bar Kochva Revolt 92 Bar Kochva Revolt 94 Roman Rule 96 Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Rule 98 Arab Rule 100 Christian (Crusader) Rule 102 Mamluk Sultanate Rule 104 Ottoman Rule 106 Ottoman Rule 108 British Rule 110 British Mandate 112

(State of Israel) - United Nations Partition Plan 114

Beginning of the Th ird Era of Jewish Rule in the Land of Israel 116 State of Israel - Aft er War of Independence 118 State of Israel - Aft er the Kadesh Campaign (Sinai War) 120 State of Israel - Aft er the Withdrawal from Sinai 122 State of Israel - Aft er the Six Day War and Yom Kippur War 124 State of Israel - Aft er Signing Peace Treaty with Egypt in 1979 126 State of Israel - Aft er Withdrawal from Sinai (1982) 128 State of Israel - Following the Oslo Accords (1993) 130 State of Israel - Following the Disengagement (2005) 132

Prayer for Peace (Universal, Non Denominational) 134

Bibliography 136

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Forward

Israel History Maps: A Geographical Chronology of Jewish Sovereignty in Israel, is a unique project intended in providing the users with a knowledge base and visual introduction to the history of the Jewish people in Israel in relation to the history of other nations in the same area. It portrays the history of Jewish rule in the land of Israel from a historical and geographic point of view. Watch how 3,000 years of history unfolds in a consistent series of over 50 maps! Simple and easy to understand, the maps are all in a uniform scale and divided into several periods, accompanied with an overall timeline.

Th is project can be a great visual aid to students, teachers and community leaders as it shows the changes in the borders in Israel over the past 3,500 years. Th is endeavor traces the historical connection between the Jewish people and the land of Israel and identifi es the eras in which they had any level of sovereignty. Th is is accomplished by using easy-to-understand graphics that do not overwhelm the viewer with extensive information. It can be used as a teaching aid in Bible studies, history and geography classes as well as Jewish studies classes.

Th e project describes the various divisions of the land, and the changes in political and administrative borders throughout history. It consists of over 50 maps, beginning with the Hebrew settlement aft er the exodus from Egypt up to present day. For organization purposes, we have decided to subdivide this continuity into three main eras of Israelite or Jewish sovereignty in Israel, with eras of exile between them.

Th e First Era would begin with the conquest of Canaan by Joshua through the days of judges, the Kingdoms of David and his son Solomon, and will end with the destruction of the First Temple and the exile of the Jews by the Babylonians. Th e fi rst exile was relatively a short one, lasting only several decades.

Th e Second Era coincides with the period of the Second Temple, a period that spans over about four centuries. It begins from the return of the Jews to Israel aft er the Babylonian Exile, through the Hashmonean and Herod’s kingdoms and ends with the Great Jewish Revolt and destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans.

Th e period of the second exile begins with Roman rule over Israel. But shortly aft er, another uprising, the Bar Kochva revolt, establishes Jewish independence for a short period of a few years. Although Jewish independence was established, it was for a very short time and cannot be considered an era. Aft er the revolt was put down, Jews found themselves in exile for nearly two millennia, as various empires conquer and subsequently lose their rule over Israel.

Th e Th ird Era begins with the establishment of the State of Israel in the last century. It continues through the various confl icts that the State of Israel endured and the peace accords she signed with her neighbors.

Th e uniqueness of the maps of Israel in this project are:• A series of over 50 maps of Israel, in chronological order, divided into historical eras• All of the maps are in a uniform scale, allowing for better understanding border changes and modifi cations• Th e maps are very clear and easy to understand• A Dynamic timeline (with Hebrew years) puts every specifi c map is in historical context• Maps of foreign rule bring the Jewish rule in context to foreign rule

Using this project, viewers and students are able to understand better how various time periods relate to each others, the extent of Jewish sovereignty in various time periods and the depth of the connection between the Jewish people and the land of Israel.

A great eff ort was put into the careful preparation of this project. Th e maps were created specifi cally for this project, by a graphic designer, who is knowledgeable with the history and geography of Israel and the Jewish people. Each map was prepared aft er extensive research of the period and with great attention to details.

Israel History Maps became a reality in its current format with the patience and support of both our spouses, Neda and Maya, to whom we owe many thanks for advising and encouraging us along the way. Many thanks also go to all those who purchased our initial version of the maps, provided valuable feedback and gave us great reviews. We would also like to thank Aviva Lee ([email protected]) for her methodological and comprehensive editing, as well as Iris Israeli ([email protected]), Linguistic Editor who is a specialist in Jewish and Hebrew linguistic editing, for the fi nal polish and professional touch.

In today’s reality, we hope that this project shall serve as another tool for enhancing the connection between Jews and Israel.

We encourage you to share your thoughts and check out new information regarding Israel History Maps on our website: www.IsraelHistoryMaps.com Ilan Reiner and Amir Reiner [email protected] Los Angeles, CA and Haifa, Israel January 2014, Shevat 5774

About the Authors

Ilan Reiner is a history and geography researcher, especially in regards to Jewish history during the Second Temple period, as well as a Bible scholar. Aft er full military service as a programmer and system administrator and graduating from Israel’s Technion Architecture school, he’s been working as an architectural designer and project manager at various architecture fi rms. With a detailed-oriented approach, he prefers clean contemporary designs that appeal to a wider group of people. He loves the Bible and has twice won fi rst place in Israel’s Youth National Bible Contest (Hidon Tanach). His vast knowledge in Jewish history and the Bible, along with his design skills, helped him with the extensive research in preparing the Israel History Maps set. Ilan lives in Los Angeles with his wife and son, and is very active in his community.

Amir Reiner is very much involved with start-ups and technological innovations, while always on the lookout for new and exciting history books. He completed full military service in the Israeli Air Force. A graduate of Israel’s Technion School of Industrial Engineering and Management and with an MBA from Haifa University, he works in the fi eld of information system analysis. Aft er participating in the prestigious “Online Ambassadors” program, he enjoys defending Israel on various web sites. His love for Israel and its history as well as his fascination with creating new media to deliver messages, sparked the idea to create the Israel History Maps project. Amir lives in Haifa, Israel with his wife and is active with various organizations that support Israel.

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Introduction

Th e origins of the Israelites, and later on - the Jewish people, can be traced back to over three thousand years ago. Th e Bible tells us of a tribe who migrated to Egypt during famine years, growing to become a big nation, always yearning to return to the land promised to their ancestors by their God. Aft er their exodus from Egypt (in the 12th century BCE), they traveled through the desert to the promised land - Israel. Th e land that they were promised was one of milk and honey, but also at that point occupied. A divine promise to inherit the land is something to believe in, but when coming to claim that land, the Israelites needed to use force, strategy and have faith in God.

Although several small kingdoms were conquered by the Israelites before crossing the Jordan River into the promised land, the actual beginning of the First Era of Israelite Rule in Israel can be defi ned with the conquests of Joshua. It continues through the period of settlement (judges), and the establishment of a monarchy by King Saul who was appointed by God. Ultimately it was King David and his son, King Solomon, who truly united all the Israelite tribes, building the First Temple in the new capital - Jerusalem, and establishing one of the biggest and wealthiest kingdoms of that period.

Th at kingdom didn’t last long and soon aft er King Solomon’s death, it was split by a civil war between two groups of tribes into the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Th e two sister kingdoms coexisted for several centuries, sometimes as partners and sometimes as warring rivals. For the most part, the northern Kingdom of Israel was stronger, bigger (in populace and area) and wealthier than the Kingdom of Judah. Aft er several centuries, the northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered and destroyed by the Assyrian Kingdom in the 7th century BCE, and the southern Kingdom of Judah was all that remained of the once great kingdom of David and Solomon. Th e populace of the Kingdom of Israel was exiled, dispersed throughout the Assyrian Kingdom and lost forever. Furthermore, the days of the Kingdom of Judah were not long, and soon it faced the strongest kingdom to ever exist until that time - the (Neo) Babylonian empire. Th e First Era ends with the destruction of the First Temple, the burning of Jerusalem and the exile of the Jews by the Babylonians (a period that lasted several decades).

All this is told to us by the Hebrew Bible. Although it is not a history or a fact-fi nding book, there are numerous descriptions of the conquests and settlements in the land of Israel (mostly for the purpose of demonstrating God’s fulfi llment of the promise). Conclusive and irrefutable archaeological evidence are yet to be found, but every now and then a new discovery supports the biblical story to some degree or another. However, archeology is uncovering more and more evidence of Jewish infl uence, rule and development in Israel during the Second Era of Jewish sovereignty in Israel.

Th e Second Era of Jewish rule in Israel begins at the establishment of a Jewish autonomy within the Persian Empire by the Jews who returned to Israel aft er the Babylonian Exile. Th ey had rebuilt the city of Jerusalem and built the Second Temple at its center. Later, aft er Alexander the Great’s conquest, the Jewish autonomy was under Hellenistic rule. When tension between the Jews and the Seleucid Kingdom descended into armed confl ict, the Jews gained full independence with the Hashmonean revolt, and re-established the Jewish kingdom. Later this kingdom came under partial Roman rule and infl uence, as the Hashmonean kings sought alliance with the rising Roman Empire.

Shortly aft er, the Romans appointed Herod as the king of Judea, backed up with Roman troops. He destroyed the Hashmonean dynasty, established Judea as a kingdom (no longer a Roman province, but still with allegiance to Rome), and then set the path to making Judea a great kingdom. He expanded the boundaries of the Jewish kingdom, built numerous cities, buildings and infrastructures, and practically rebuilt the Temple in Jerusalem. Th e Jewish kingdom enjoyed many days of economic growth and prosperity, despite some civil unrest and disapproval of King Herod. Aft er his death, his descendants were unable

to maintain the kingdom, and it fell under direct Roman rule. As tension grew between the Jewish population and the Roman government, a violent confl ict was inevitable. Th e Jews revolted against the Romans, in what will also became an internal Jewish civil war. Aft er four years, Roman legions stormed Jerusalem, destroyed the Temple, burned down the city and exiled many of the Jews to be sold as slaves around the Roman world. Th is concluded the Second Era of Jewish Sovereignty.

Although the Jewish kingdom no longer existed, many of the Jews lived in northern Israel under Roman rule in the Galilee region and other provinces. Less than 70 years aft er the Great Revolt, there was another uprising in Israel. Th e Bar Kochva revolt established Jewish independence for a brief time, until it was put down brutally by a huge part of the Roman army. Th e Jewish population in Israel suff ered an enormous loss and Jews were no longer able to rule Israel for nearly two millennia, as various empires conquered and subsequently lost their rule over Israel.

Th e Th ird Era begins with the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. It continues through the various confl icts that the State of Israel endured and the peace accords that Israel signed with her neighbors, until the present day. In this era it is demonstrated how the borders of the new country, created under mandate of the United Nations, shift ed signifi cantly in less than seven decades. Th e borders of the newly established state were theoretical as Israel was born into war, since immediately aft er declaring independence, all surrounding Arab countries attacked Israel. Th e newborn country fought for her survival and right to exist during the War of Independence. Th e cease-fi re borders were signifi cantly diff erent. Israel expanded her borders signifi cantly aft er the Six Day War (1967), and returned most of that new territory aft er signing the peace treaty with Egypt and later on with Jordan. Several other territories were given to the Palestinian Authority as part of various agreements.

Th e following easy-to-understand maps and chronological timeline will demonstrate the modifi cations of the governance, infl uence and jurisdiction in the Land of Israel over the past three millennia, from Biblical times to the modern period.

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© MAP COURTESY OF DATA TECHNOLOGY SERVICES INC.

Th e LandTopographic map

Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the Negev desert in the south to the inland fertile Jezreel Valley, mountain ranges of the Galilee, Carmel and toward the Golan in the north. Th e Israeli Coastal Plain on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to the majority of the nation’s population. East of the central highlands lies the Jordan Rift Valley, which forms a small part of the 6,500-kilometer (4,039 mi) Great Rift Valley.

Th e Jordan River runs along the Jordan Rift Valley, from Mount Hermon through the Hulah Valley and the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on the surface of the Earth. Further south is the Arabah, ending with the Gulf of Eilat, part of the Red Sea. Unique to Israel and the Sinai Peninsula are makhteshim, or erosion cirques. Th e largest makhtesh in the world is Ramon Crater in the Negev, which measures 40 by 8 kilometers (25 by 5 mi). A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin states that Israel has the largest number of plant species per square meter of all the countries in the basin.

Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. Th e more mountainous regions can be windy, cold, and sometimes snowy; Jerusalem usually receives at least one snowfall each year. Meanwhile, coastal cities, such as Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. Th e area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy days than the Mediterranean climate. Th e Southern Negev and the Arava areas have desert climate with very hot and dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain. Th e highest temperature in the continent of Asia (53.7 °C or 128.7 °F) was recorded in 1942 at Tirat Zvi kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley. JERUSALEM

HEBRON

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MEGIDDO

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SIDONDAMASCUS

JERICHORABBAH

ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA

ISRAEL

JORDAN

EGYPT

SYRIA

LEBANON

GULF OF EILAT

DEADSEA

SEA OFGALILEE

NEGEV

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


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CANAANITE CITIES AND KINGDOMS

AMON

BASHAN

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MOAB

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HITTITES

AMORITES

SIDONEANS

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EGYPT


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1

Canaanite Cities and KingdomsLate Bronze Age and Iron Age I12th & 13th century BCE

Cities and kingdoms existed in the land of Canaan for many centuries before the Hebrew people arrived. Some of them, such as Shechem, Moab, Jericho and Edom, are mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 33; Deuteronomy 2 & 3; Joshua 2; etc.) as well as in Egyptian letters. Th is area was under Egyptian infl uence or direct rule at various times. It was a strategic location connecting Egypt with Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. Th e various kingdoms and cities consisted of diff erent nations that were oft en at war with each other.

Th e name Canaan written in hieroglyphs Using free hieroglyphic fonts

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


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2322


ISRAEL

EGYPT

MOAB

AMMON

PHIL

ISTIN

ES

EDOM

SIDO

NIAN

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CANAANITES

ARAMEANS

SETTLEMENT ACROSS THE JORDAN-1230 1230 BCE


JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

MEGIDDO

DAN

GAZA

TYRE

SIDONDAMASCUS

JERICHORABBAH

ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA



150100500

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2

Era of SettlementConquest and Settlement about 1230 BCE

As the Hebrew tribes were on their journey to Canaan (where they intended on settling), several Amorite kingdoms waged war on them (Numbers 21). As a result, the fi rst settlement of the Hebrew people was on the east bank of the Jordan River. Th is area was scarcely populated and was mainly used as grazing area for cattle. According to the Bible (Numbers 32), this area was given to two and a half tribes and the rest of the tribes settled to the west of the Jordan River.

Mosaic of the 12 Tribes of IsraelFrom Givat Mordechai synagogue wall in Jerusalem

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


1517

1291

1099

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First Era of Hebrew Rule in the Land of Israel

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PHIL

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EDOM

SIDO

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ARAMEANS

END OF JOSHUA’S CONQUESTS -1200 1230 BCE - 1200 BCE


JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

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DAN

GAZA

TYRE

SIDONDAMASCUS

JERICHORABBAH

ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA



150100500

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3

Joshua’s ConquestsEnd of Conquest and Settlement about 1230 BCE to 1200 BCE

Joshua led the Israelite people in the fi rst wave of conquest and settlement in Canaan. Th e strategy was to penetrate the land by way of Jericho, then establish a stronghold over the central mountain region, thus splitting the northern cities from the southern cities. Aft er many years, thirty one cities were conquered (as listed in the Bible - Joshua 12), and the Israelite tribes gained a stronghold in the land. Th ey settled mainly in the mountainous region, leaving the coastal regions unconquered .

Th e Children of Israel Crossing the Jordan by Gustave Dore

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


1517

1291

1099

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2928



JUDAH

REUBEN

SIMEON

DAN

EGYPT

MOAB

AMMON

PHIL

ISTIN

ES

EDOM

SIDO

NIAN

S

ARAMEANS

NAPHTALI

GAD

ASHER

ISSACHARZEVULUN

MENASSHE

MENASSHE

EPHRAIM

BENJAMIN

BORDERS OF THE 12 TRIBES -1100s

1200 BCE - 1050 BCE


JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

MEGIDDO

DAN

GAZA

TYRE

SIDONDAMASCUS

JERICHORABBAH

ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA



150100500

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4

Tribal Allotments of IsraelTime of the Judgesabout 1200 BCE to 1050 BCE

Settlement of the Hebrew tribes was a long and complex process, spanning over many generations. Borders shift ed oft en as various tribes gained or lost strength. In the book of Joshua (Chapter 18) it is described that surveyors from each tribe were sent to investigate the land. Th e land was then allotted to the tribes according to their size. Th e boundaries between the tribes are mentioned in the book of Joshua (Chapters 15-19). But, this most likely refl ects the boundaries also during the majority of the period of Judges. Note that the tribe of Dan eventually migrated north from their original coastal region.

Border Stone from Ancient Mesopotamia appears in History of ... Babylonia and Assyria (1906)

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


1517

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1099

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3130



EGYPT

ISRAEL

MOAB

AMMON

PHIL

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AMALEKITES

EDOM

SIDO

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ARAMEANS

KINGDOM OF ISRAEL - SAUL -1011

1014 BCE - 1011 BCE


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HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

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DAN

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ASHKELON

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5

King SaulFrom Tribal Leadership to Kingdomabout 1014 BCE to 1011 BCE

Aft er a period of tribal leaders (Judges) who formed temporary tribal alliances to defend against hostile nations, the people decided to anoint a king. Th e tribes of Israel were united under a monarchy for the fi rst time. King Saul was the fi rst offi cial king, anointed by the prophet Samuel as commanded by God (1 Samuel 8-9). Saul formed a standing army that was used to secure the kingdom and to unify the various territories that were already settled (1 Samuel 14). Th e Philistines were the main enemy, with fi ve major cities along the southern coastal region of Canaan.

Death of King Saulby Elie Marcuse, 1848 {{PD-US}}

STATE OF ISRAEL

OTTOMAN RULE

MAMLUK RULE

CRUSADER RULE

ARAB RULE

EASTERN ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

ROMAN RULE

HASMONEAN RULE

HELLENISTIC RULE



KINGDOMS


1517

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EDOMITES

SIDO

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S

ISRAEL - DAVID & SOLOMON -931

1004 BCE - 931 BCE


JERUSALEM

HEBRON

BEER SHEBA

ACRE

MEGIDDO

DAN

GAZA

TYRE

SIDONDAMASCUS

JERICHORABBAH

ASHKELON

ASHDOD

SHECHEM

JAFFA



150100500

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CITY



N


6

King David and King SolomonUnited Kingdom of Israel and Judahabout 1004 BCE to 931 BCE

Under the rule of King David and King Solomon, perhaps the greatest kings in the history of the Jewish people, Israel experienced the greatest expansion ever - along with economic prosperity. Cities from northern Syria of today to the Red Sea were under direct control or infl uence of the young Hebrew kingdom (2 Samuel 24). Jerusalem became the new capital and the primary religious center with the building of the Temple. It was a time of abundance and peace, with many public works, such as the building of the First Temple in Jerusalem and the grand palace (1 Kings 5). Towards the end of Solomon’s rule there were various revolts that threatened the stability of the kingdom.

Remains of King David’s Palace in Jerusalem or Kings of the House of David (according to Eilat Mazer)

Documents

ISRAEL HISTORY MAPS - Geographic Chronology of Jewish Sovereignty … · 2015-06-10 · israel history maps - geographic chronology of jewish sovereignty in israel map page layout