ISBN 978-9928-208-99-6 Proceedings...ISBN 978-9928-208-99-6 • 168 Papers and Presentations • 270 Authors, Co-Authors, and Contributors • 18 Countries • Plenary Session, 15

ISBN 978-9928-208-99-6

• 168 Papers and Presentations

• 270 Authors, Co-Authors, and Contributors • 18 Countries

• Plenary Session, 15 Special Sessions & 15 Parallel Thematic Sessions

• Awards for Excellence in Research and Practice [Social & Human Sciences]

• UAMD - Doctor Honoris Causa: Prof. Rexhep QOSJA

• 8th General Assemble of AIS-ALBSA [Elections]

• Agreement for the 15th Annual International Conference [Prizren-KOSOVO, 6-7 November 2020]

Proceedings

International Interdisciplinary Conference:

University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, Albania2019 November 16-15

[The Interaction between Education, Family, Religion, Politics, and Economy]

“SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY”

University of Dyrrachium (Durres-Albania, then Medieval Kingdom of Albania)

was established in 1380, and then transferred to Zadar - Croatia in 1396,

amid the mounting Turkish threats in South-eastern Europe, thereby becoming the University of Zadar…

http://www.unizd.hr/eng/about-us

University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, Republic of AlbaniaPublic University

Ranked by the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA)

• 6 Faculties • 65 Programs of Study

• 3 levels of study • 20 000 Students

• 300 lectors & professors• 3 Campuses

• 55 hectares area for further development• Great perspective…

www.uamd.edu.al

Proceedings

• Central Theme: “Social institutions in Contemporary Society”

[The Interaction between Education, Family, Religion, Politics, and Economy]

• Other themes: By 15 permanent Thematic Sections (TS01-TS15)

International Interdisciplinary Conference

http://www.isa-sociology.org/en/conferences/calls-for-papershttps://www.sociology.al/en/conferences/call-papers;

https://www.uamd.edu.al/index.php/sq/2019/05/14/thirrje-per-pjesemarrje-institucionet-sociale-ne-jeten-bashkekohore-arsimi-familja-feja/

https://www.umib.net/thirrje-per-pjesemarrje-ne-konferencen-nderdisiplinore-nderkombetare-institucionet-sociale-ne-shoqerine-bashkekohore-bashkeveprimi-ndermjet-arsimit-familjes-besimit-

fetar-politikes-dhe-ekono/and on Twitter:https://twitter.com/isa_sociology/status/1125313229733945344

Organizers:University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

University of Zadar, CROATIAUniversity of Mitrovica Isa Boletini, KOSOVO

Confronti Study Center, Roma ITALYUniversity of Prizren Ukshin Hoti, KOSOVO

withInternational Sociological Association (ISA)

Albanian Sociological Association - Albanian Institute of Sociology(14th Annual International Conference)

© AIS, Tirana-Albania

Edited by:Lekë SOKOLIMatilda LIKAJ

Enkelejda CENAJDesign:

Orest MUÇAContacts:

Mobile: ++355694067682; ++00399692044722E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected];

www.sociology.al;

ALL ANNUAL CONFERENCES (2006-2020)

15th Annual International Conference:Comparative Studies in Modern Society; Balkans in European and Global ContextUniversiteti of Prizren Ukshin Hoti, KOSOVO: 6-7 November 2020

14th Annual International Conference:Social institutions in Contemporary Society[The Interaction between Education, Family, Religion, Politics, and Economy]Durres-Albania: 15-16 November 2019

13th Annual International Conference:Continuity & Change; Balkans in European, and Global Context[Balanced Perspective of Past, Present & Future]Mitrovica-Kosovo: 16-17 November 2018

12th Annual International Conference:Good Society – a multidimensional ApproachTirana-Albania: 17-18 November 2017

11th Annual International Conference:Education & Sustainable Development: the future we are creatingSkopje-Tetovo, Macedonia: 18-19 November 2016

10th Annual International Conference:How Migration is shaping the Contemporary Society?Pristine-Kosovo: 20-21 November 2015

9th Annual International Conference:Law and values in contemporary societyTirana-Albania 21-22 November 2014

8th Annual International Conference:Democracy in Times of Turmoil; A multidimensional approachDurres –Albania: 22-23 November 2013

7th Annual International Conference:Identity, image and social cohesion in our time of interdependenceVlora-Albania: 26-28 November 2012

6th Annual International ConferenceEducation in turbulent times: The Albanian case in European and global contextTirana-Albania: 21-22 November 2011

5th Annual International conference:The social problems: their study, treatment and solutions; Albania in global contextTirana-Albania: 7-8 June 2010

4th Annual International conference:Twenty Years of Democratic Transformations: Albania in East European ContextTirana-Albania: 10 December 2009

3rd AIS Conference:World Economic Crises and its impact on the Albanian Economic and Social LifeTirana-Albania: 22 May 2009

2nd Annual Conference:Issues and Models of Communitarian OrganizationTirana-Albania: 27 June 2008

1st Annual Conference:Political pluralism and Albanian political thoughtTirana-Albania: 15 June 2007

Funding Meeting and the Founding AIS Conference: Sociology in Albania and the need of its InstitutionalizationTirana-Albania: 21 November 2006; Tirana International Hotel

Contents:

I. Scientific Committee and Local Organizing Committee ..........................4

II. General Conference Program .....................................................................6

III. Sessions of the Conference and Chairs ......................................................8

IV. Map – District of the Conference. ...........................................................12

V. Abstracts Book

TS 01: Public sphere, Communication, Culture & Art ............................13 TS 02: Population and Migration ...........................................................20 TS 03: Education and Sport ...................................................................25 TS 04: Political Studies and Law Issues ..................................................52 TS 05: Religion, Collective Behavior and Social Movements ..................61 TS 06: Marriage, Family and Community...............................................65 TS 07: Integration and Globalization .....................................................72 TS 08: Childhood, Youth and Gender.....................................................79 TS 09: Work, Professions and Organization ............................................85 TS 10: Theoretical, Comparative, Regional and Historical Studies .........89 TS 11: Deviance, Criminology, Public Health and Security .....................98 TS 12: Ethnic Relations, Nationalism, Human Rights ..........................107 TS 13: Environment, Economy and Development ................................110 TS 14: Science, Technology and Innovation .........................................123 TS 15: Student’s Section: Social Institutions in Student’s Perspective ...130

VI. Next international Conference: Call for papers ....................................135

VII. Index – Presenters & Contributors ........................................................138

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Scientific committee

Co-Chairs of the Conference:Kseanela SOTIROFSKI – Rector, University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIABesim GOLLOPENI – President, Albanian Sociological Association (ALBSA)

Ali PAJAZITI – South East University of Tetovo, MACEDONIAAndon KUME – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIAAnna WESSELY – ELTE University, HUNGARYApostolos G. PAPADOPOULOS - Harokopio University, GREECEAylin TOPAL – Middle East Technical University, Ankara, TURKEYAzeta TARTARAJ – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIABaviola SHATRO – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIABorut RONČEVIĆ – School of Advanced Social Studies, SLOVENIABrunilda ZENELAGA – University of Tirana, ALBANIADijanaVICAN – University of Zadar, CROATIADoreta KUÇI TARTARI – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIAEla GOLEMI – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIAElton NOTI – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIAEnis SULSTAROVA – University of Tirana, ALBANIAFatos TARIFA – European University of Tirana (UET), ALBANIAGriselda ABAZAJ – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIAIlir GEDESHI – Center for Economic & Social Studies, ALBANIAIrena NIKAJ – University Fan Noli of Korca, ALBANIAIsmet TEMAJ – University of Prizren Ukshin Hoti, KOSOVOIzet ZEQIRI – University of Mitrovica Isa Boletini, KOSOVOJasminka LAŽNJAK – University of Zagreb, CROATIAJorde JAKIMOVSKI – Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, MACEDONIAKlea FANIKO – University of Genevre, SWITZERLANDKREŠIMIR ŽAŽAR, University of Zagreb, CROATIALeke SOKOLI – University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIALindita MUKLI – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIA

I. SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE AND LOCAL

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

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Olga KUTSENKO – Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, UKRAINEOsman METALLA – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIA Russell KING – University of Sussex, UNITED KINGDOMSabri KIÇMARI – University of Pristine, KOSOVOSergiu BALTATESCU – University of Oradea, ROMANIAServet PËLLUMBI – Albanian Institute of Sociology (AIS), ALBANIATonin GJURAJ – European University of Tirana (UET), ALBANIATugrul KESKIN – Shanghai University, CHINA

conference coordinator

Leke SOKOLI – University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA Albanian Institute of Sociology

LocaL organizing committee

Gerald ÇEKA (Chair) – University Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIAVilson XHAFERRAJXhafer RAKIPLLARI Dorinela ÇUPIRozeta ARAPIArber ELMADHIDenis KULLAGriselda ZAKOVA

Secretary of the ConferenceEnkelejda CENAJMatilda LIKAJ

Secretary of aIS-aLBSaElda KUTROLLI

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II. GENERAL CONFERENCE PROGRAM

PLace & time: University Aleksander Moisiu Durres -Albania 15-16 November 2019 The conference will be held in tree Campuses of the Universitry Aleksander Moisiu

Durres: (1) Main Campus, Currila; (2) Campus 1, Faculty of Education; (3) Campus 2, New Campus (see ‘Map – districts of the Conference’).

Registration: Registration Desk: 15 November 2019: 08.00 University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA Campus 1 (Faculty of Education) [Conference program, conference book/proceedings, journals, and detailed information

for the participants]

Keynote SPeaKerS: 1. Prof. Rexhep QOSJA Academy of Sciences and Arts, KOSOVO 2. Claudio PARAVATI Director, Confronti Study Center, Roma - ITALY 3. Russell KING, Prof. University of Sussex, United Kingdom & Ilir Gedeshi, Center for Econimic and Social Studies, Tirana – Albania

oPening ceremony and WeLcome addreSS

University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA Campus 1 (Faculty of Education): 10.00-11.30

Moderator: Leke SOKOLI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA & Albanian Institute of Sociology (AIS-ALBSA)

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Welcome to Albania and UAMD Kseanela SOTIROFKI Rector, Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres -ALBANIA

Representatives of the Organizing Institutions: Claudio PARAVATI Director, Confronti Study Center, Roma - ITALY

DijanaVICAN Rector, University of Zadar - CROATIA

Alush MUSAJ Rector, University Isa Boletini of Mitrovica - KOSOVO

Besim GOLLOPENI President of the Albanian Sociological Association (ALBSA) Proceedings and new issues of the International Journal ‘Social Studies’: Leke SOKOLI Conference Coordinator; Editor-in-Chief of ‘Social Studies’

AIS-ALBSA Award for Excellence and Practice [Social and Human Sciences] Servet PELLUMBI Academic Director of Albanian Institute of Sociology (AIS)

Next Conference: From Durres-Albania to Prizren-KOSOVO 15th International Annual Conference “Comparative Studies in Modern Society: Balkans in European and Global Context” University Ukshin Hoti of Prizren, KOSOVO 6-7 November 2020 Ismet TEMAJ – Rector, University Ukshin Hoti of Prizren, KOSOVO Kseanela SOTIROFKI – Rector; University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres - ALBANIA

Keynote speaker: Prof. Rexhep QOSJA Academy of Sciences and Arts, KOSOVO Doctor Honoris Causa of Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres - ALBANIA

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III. SESSIONS OF THE CONFERENCE, AND CHAIRS

a. SPeciaL SeSSionS:

1. Religious in Contemporary SocietyChairs: Rando DEVOLEAlbert NIKOLLA

Keynote speaker:Claudio PARAVATIDirector, Confronti Study Center, Roma - ITALY

2. New Trends of the International Migration of AlbaniansChairs: Besim GOLLOPENIMatilda LIKAJ

Keynote speakers:Russell KING, Prof. University of Sussex, UNITED KINGDOM&Ilir GEDESHI, Center for Econimic and Social Studies, Tirana - ALBANIA

3. Education in the Knowledge SocietyChairs: Griselda ABAZAJAmbera DUKA

4. Economy and SocietyChairs: Azeta TARTARAJElton NOTI

5. Professions and the future of work Chairs: Osman METALLAMajlinda SANA

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6. Ethical Dilemmas of the ProfessionChairs: Andrea GUDHARezarta KALAJA

7. Politics and Law in Contemporary SocietyChairs: Andon KUMELinert LIREZA

8. Correlation between Social Institutions in Contemporary Society[Special Session of Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tirana - ALBANIA]Chairs: Merita PONIBRUNILDA ZENELAGA

9. Professional Education & IT in Contemporary Society Chairs: Lindita MUKLIEris ZEQO

10. Education & Practice: the Case of FASTIP, UAMDChairs: Ela GOLEMIKlodian MUCO

12. Psychology & Psychological Services in Contemporary Society Chairs: Liljana RECKABlerina XHAKOLLI

13. Language in Contemporary Society Chairs: Suela KASTRATIManjola ZACELLARI

14. Literature in Contemporary Society Chairs: Mariza KERBIZIDrita ISUFAJ

15. Public Administration in Contemporary Society Chairs: Briseida MEMAGentiana KRAJA

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16. Globalization and foreign languagesChairs: Anita MUHOAlketa DUMANI

B. thematic SeSSionS/PreSentationS

TS01. Public sphere, Communication, Culture & ArtChairs:Edlira ABDURRAHMANIRizvan TERSHALLA

TS02. Population and MigrationChairs:Matilda LIKAJ Arjan DEDEJ

TS03. EducationChairs:Katerina CYCJALedia KASHAHU Mirjam REÇI

TS04. Political Studies and Law IssuesChairs:Elda ZOTAJMarsida ISMAILIEvis GARUNJA

TS05. Religion, Collective Behaviour and Social MovementsChairs:Ali PAJAZITIXhafer RAKIPLLARI

TS06. Marriage, Family and CommunityChairs:Juljana LAZEOriola HAMZALLARI

TS07. Integration and GlobalizationChairs:Gaqo TANKUMarsela TURKU

TS08. Childhood, Youth and GenderChairs:Julinda CILINGIRI Rudina HOXHA

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TS09. Work, Professions and OrganizationChairs:Ramiola KALEMIMerlina POGRAZHA

TS10. Theoretical, Comparative, Regional and Historical StudiesChairs:Enver BYTYCI Jak SIMONI

TS11. Deviance, Criminology, Public Health and Security Chairs:Alma GOLGOTAVioleta ZANAJEnkelejda CENAJ

TS12. Ethnic Relations, Nationalism, Human RightsChairs:Esilda LUKUDiana MONE

TS13. Environment, Economy and DevelopmentChairs:Luftim CANIA Brunela TREBICKABrunilda LIÇAJ

TS14. Science, Technology and InnovationChairs:Majlinda SANAAlbana HALILI Merita XHIXHA

TS15. Student’s Sections [Social Institutions on Student’s Perspective]I. Doreta KUÇIII. Blerina XHAKOLLIIII. Edlira LLAZOIV. Bitila SHOSHAV. Zoica ZHARKALLIVI. Brunilda LICAJVII. Robert KOSOVAVIII. Edmira XHAFERRAIX. Rinela KAPCIU

Conclusions, Closing Ceremony, and Certificates of ParticipationBy Thematic Sessions, TS 01-TS 15, after the presentations

IV. MAP: DISTRICTS OF THE CONFERENCE

UNIVERSITY A. MOISIU, DURRESMAIN CAMPUS (CURRILA)

UNIVERSITY A. MOISIU, DURRESCAMPUS 1

(FACULTY OF EDUCATION)UNIVERSITY A. MOISIU, DURRESCAMPUS 2

(NEW CAMPUS)

THEMATIC SESSION 01:

PUBLIC SPHERE, COMMUNICATION,

CULTURE & ART

Chairs: Edlira ABDURRAHMANI & Rizvan Tershalla

N° 2019 Durres Int. Conf. 08/01

Language change, update and development, in the Albanian context

Edlira TROPLINI ABDURAHMANI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Education E-mail: [email protected]

The first question that comes to our mind is: “What do we mean by the evolution of a language?” Then this question is followed by other queries such as “What do we mean by a change of language?”; “What type of development do we mean by language evolution?”; “Should the rules of everyday speech be frequently updated in official way?” The language is a free variation. However, although the language changes in time, space and between social class and social situations, its speakers have always respected a limit. Such a limit could have been regarded as formal or informal. This means that in each phase of its evolution, the language has always recognized some rules, whether be the official standard language or rules established by the society itself. Following an in-depth analysis of the language change from its foundation (issues related to dialectical and social variations) and after detailed analysis of other ‘actors’ participating in this change (internal or external), we shall also examine all social factors contributing to this process. Such factors could be specific for certain languages or common for languages in general.

Therefore, when we speak for a language change in the Albanian society, apart from the necessary changes and interventions (for example new linguistic inventions, be that intentional or spontaneous), we could not rule out even the unnecessary

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changes that have affected our language (such as nowadays linguistic distortions due to globalization, irregular and unnecessary uses, foreign modelsacquired alongside the Albanian models, etc.). Thus, owing to all these ‘actors’ taking part in the finalization process, a classification of all types of changes is required eventually. After that, the process of a language development must begin, on the one hand, with prevention of unnecessary changes and, on the other hand, with selection of accurate models, specifically those models which can consolidate the structure of a language or that it could serve in all aspects of everyday speech. The work for their update would then be a significant effort to properly embed healthy changes in a language, further contributing to its linguistic development. Finally, we could say that the explanation of those important phases of language evolution would help us not only to better understand the Albanian language, but would also enable us to move forward confidently in building new strategies for improving the writing and discourse techniques of the contemporary Albanian language, as well as, preserving its naturalness and authenticity inherited for centuries.

Keywords: linguistic evolution, change, update, language development


Traditional mortar traditions in the District of Fier; a confrontation of the habits of the past

with those of the present day

Diana MONEUniversity “Aleksander Moisiu” Durres, ALBANIA


Ilirjan GJIKAHigh School Janaq Kilica of Fier, ALBANIA

E-mail: [email protected]

Fjoralba SATKAUniversity “Aleksander Moisiu” Durres, ALBANIA


Death is an inevitable process in the life of every individual or living being. In different human societies we come across varied perceptions and experiences of this process, which make it possible to explain the existence of certain procedures, habits and superstitions applied by members of a given culture. There are notable differences in these habits not only in terms of comparing different societies / cultures but also in terms of different periods of time or historical developments.

The focus of this study will be the population of Myzeqe, the way that death is perceived, how human loss is experienced, and the habits of respecting the “defunct” before and during the “mourning” period, based on the axis time. The methodology

15TS 01: Public sphere, Communication, Culture & Art

used is mainly based on qualitative methods of scientific research, where in-depth interviews and direct participatory observation play a key role, but without neglecting the collection of important data by quantitative methods. The core of the study mainly relies on presenting the reality of customary mortal rites of heterogeneous population in the Myzeqe area, nowadays, specifically in the district of Fier.

The study reveals that under the influence of time, the importance and the rigor of the fulfillment of customary mortal traditions have been transformated not only fading but also an alteration in the ways of doing them. Trying to find the past in today’s reality, the main conclusion is clear: Past reality is projected with a highly intertwined reflection into tangential encounters with the reflection of actual reality.

Keywords: habits tradition, superstition, fading, alienation, twisted reflection, tangential encounter


Fake news, half truths and the problem of moral relativism

Risvan TERSHALLAUniversity Aleksander Mosiu Durres, ALBANIA


Jak SIMONIUniversity Aleksander Mosiu Durres, ALBANIA


Fake news has become a phenomenon nowadays. In political language it is one of the most used word since the election of Donald Trump, as President of the United States of America, and the reasons for this are two: First the manipulation and the misuse of media and technology. Secondly, because of the idea of moral relativism. The focus of this paper will be the analysis of the rapport between the misuse of mass media and the concept of moral relativism. Since the ancient times philosophers have struggled with the notion of moral relativism. In one side there were Socrates and Plato who advocated the existence of objective truths, morals and politics. On the other side, were the Sophists, who defended the idea that there cannot be any single truth on morality, justice or politics, so everything is relative? These opposition views have not vanished through times at all. The era of internet and mass communication has made it quite impossible to spot the truth. Although we may say that in the postmodern context the idea of truth is nonsense, however in this paper we will not focus on the postmodern concept of the truth, but in the manipulation and falsification of facts through media, purposely. As a result in our reality we face only half truths, which are fake news at the same time, but which in the end justify themselves using the concept of moral relativism.

Keywords: Fake news, half truths, moral relativism, mass media, morality

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Albanian Contexts Springing From the Eu Objectives and Approaches in the Realm of Culture

Oltion KADAIFCIUAlbanian Institute of Sociology, ALBANIA


Culture is a key of the European togetherness and is impossible to maintain it out of the rhetoric and activity of the European institutions, although it remains to a large extent domain of the nation-state. By rhetoric, I mean what is communicated and spread among the engaged citizens and other citizens that are also delegating administrative will. In spoken language or written. Language present in public speeches, or private communications under specific conditions, with signatures. Language elevated to law, or order of the council.[1] But this is such a general object for every kind of paper so that this paper aims to analyze some possible meanings of the term ‘culture’ in the language practiced in Albanian documents that concern culture itself. For a possibility to compare and place the discussion in a continuous narrative, European documents that strategize approaches for culture are considered appropriate. In this paper I refer at the strategy of 2007 which promoted some orienting objectives that remained most often cited till the new agenda on culture was presented last year by the EU Commission, proposing a new approach to the terms.

The paper will try to follow the concept of culture as it is refracted in strategies and other documents in Albania, a candidate state that much esteems the EU membership. Paying attention to the aesthetics and moods of the language in the documents taken into consideration makes the approach of this paperless scientific, but it also helps a better understanding of the issues.

Keywords: Culture in the European Union, EU culture Agenda, Albanian cultural policies


Field, habit, cohesion; School as the place where these concepts challenge the reality

Valbona OMERIAlbanian Institute of Sociology, ALBANIA


Seen in the context of Habit and Field, societies develop in a culturally determined way, and with an outward look they move forward. Likewise, social institutions are groups that consist in their intention to direct or manage the behaviors of people that undoubtedly affect their expectations. Social cohesion is the desire or willingness of members of a society to cooperate with one another, so society builds its healthy ground in which to live. Seen thus, cohesion interferes with habit and this undoubtedly


affects the field which, according to Bourdieu, is a network of relationships. The social institutions that we refer to, operate in the middle of this vortex, and they are always prejudiced as for the difficult area they act. School, the social institution where habits and behavior clash, where the field does not allow overtaking and cohesion is made difficult by restrictions, those meaningful or not. Should the school, be seen as a social institution that has the obligation to eliminate social inequality, or as an institution, where these inequalities should be minimized by ‘avoiding’ social clashes?

Keywords: field, habit, cohesion, society, social institution


The figure of Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg in visual art

Armanda XHANI BAÇAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

E-mail address: [email protected]

The study focuses on the subject of visual arts elementary education Gjergj Kastrioti had a great echo in his time, echoing that can not possibly be justified by the massive, yet sluggish, means of communication that flowed mainly through the letter and edicts of publishers which were limited in number.

Scanderbeg’s figure has attracted the attention of historians, writers and artists who through the color, shape, and texture of Scanderbeg’s sculpture, located in the center of our capital. A large number of authors, of different ages and currents, have accessed this figure by creating a multitude of works of different genres and types. The main purpose of this study is to highlight the place occupied by Scanderbeg’s figure in textbooks, mainly in the subject of Visual Arts.

The study aims to analyze the knowledge that primary education students have on the figure of the national hero. It also aims to find out how his figure is handled in the thematic topics of the Artistic View plan. How does the teacher treat this topic? The population of the study is the teachers of the 9-year public schools of the city of Durres, as well as the pupils of the IV-Vta classes who attended the academic year 2017- 2018. The sample of this study were teachers (N = 60), pupils ( 120) who were randomly selected in 11 schools from 60 public schools in the city of Durres. Questionnaires with teachers and students were answered to answer the research questions. The collected data was processed in the Excel 2007 program.

The findings were also based on the analysis of qualitative data. The study found that: The figure of the national hero in elementary education is widely found in history and literature, but in the subject of visual art which is the theme of this study, the Skanderbeg figure is a thematic projected 2 hours a year more. The knowledge that students have on this figure have gained on theoretical rather than artistic subjects. As far as the artistic field is concerned, these students have no information. From the study, we find that teachers and students have an interest in bringing historical figures into textbooks as their icons are shrinking

Keywords: History, Gjergj Kastrioti, Visual Art, text, lesson plans

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Community and his involvement in local governance level in our country

Parashqevi DRAÇIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


The main role of citizens in democratic societies is involvement in public life. This is directly connected with the participating process and strengthening decision making process in a coordinated way and in relevant community structures. Local government units have a responsibility to their residents to inform and involve them in decision making, and this communication goes beyond the legal obligation by defining the quality of dialogue between hem on priorities, projects and responsibilities. This study aims to help identify community involvement in the planning process and use of public funds by local government units. The objectives of the study aim to identify: 1) the important role of local government communication with residents and 2) residents’ perception of participation in the planning and development process of using public funds in their residence. The research methodology is based on the analysis of primary data provided by a semi-structured individual interview with residents of local government unit. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Analysis’s results of the data provided show that most of the interviewed residents do not know the plans of their settlement development. But the communities themselves have already realized that their participation in the planning process for the development of their residence is essential. For this reason, local government and all other actors need to establish effective mechanisms to ensure residents’ participation in decision-making for the development plans and the use of public funds, making it more participatory and inclusive.

Keywords: Keywords: community, local government, communication


Exploring the ‘Coloniality of Power’ through ‘Frame Case’ within a

‘Criminally Labelled Community’ in East Trinidad

Nathan CHAPMANUniversity of the West Indies, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO


This original qualitative study explores the coloniality of power theory in the everyday policing practices participants identified in their use of the term ‘Frame Case’. ‘Frame Case’ refers to scenarios where Police Officers fabricate evidence and arrest residents whom they perceive as criminals. The research collected evidence of perspectives of


‘Frame Case’ through conducting fieldwork in a ‘Criminally Labelled Community’ in East Trinidad. The data collected was then applied to the literature on the criminogenic history of colonialism. Using the single intrinsic case study research design, multiple variation sampling strategy and semi-structured interviews, the researcher established and contextualised a distinctive data field to utilise in the research. Next, myth course analysis was used instead of discourse analysis to allow more fully the agency of participants in their use of the term ‘Frame Case.’ In line with the literature on the criminogenic history of militarised surveillance (paramilitary policing), participants suggested that ‘Frame Case’ is a crime-fighting strategy used by Police Officers to criminalise community members based on their socio-cultural background. Also, participants utilised various coping and resistance strategies in navigating through the social world. Additionally, participants called on state institutions to be more conscious of the deep-seated issues of poverty, inequality and stigmatisation tormenting the ‘Criminally Labelled Community’ in East Trinidad. Therefore, after exploring the phenomenon trans-historically and micro-culturally, this study sheds light into marginalised localities, pinpointing strategies to bring about a discussion on colonially entangled policing practices, decolonising state institutions and fostering better modern-day police-community relations as identified in the use of the term ‘Frame Case.’

Keywords: Frame Case; coloniality of power; Criminally Labelled Community

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POPULATION AND MIGRATION

Chairs: Matilda LIKAJ & Arjan DEDEJ


The role of institutions in providing services to migrants

Juventina NGJELAInstitute of European Studies, UT, ALBANIA

(PhD Candidate)E-mail: [email protected]

Aurora BALUKJA(PhD Candidate)

Institute of European Studies, UT, ALBANIAE-mail: [email protected]

As most EU countries, Albania has also been affected by migratory movements not only domestically but internationally. For this reason, it has always been necessary to develop common policies at the community level to better manage the movement and problems of this phenomenon. To avoid problems that may appear from migration, countries affected by this phenomenon have consistently been focused on strengthening cooperation among themselves, mainly to combat irregular migration and to identify the causes of large migratory flows, and policies to be followed for the return of migrants to their country of origin and their reintegration. Therefore, the policies drawn up between states should take into account the range of problems encountered in them, also because many of these issues are different due to the different dynamics in the countries of origin and destination.

The responsible institutions for addressing the various aspects of migration in the Republic of Albania are responsible for the implementation of specific migration policies, an integral part of the overall migration policy as set out in the legal and sub-legal acts regulating the migration policy in the Republic of Albania.

The relevant state institutions, which in cooperation with the institutions of the

21TS 02: Population & Migration

countries of destination, provide the necessary assistance, are available to assist the immigrants in providing the services that are needed for the immigrants.

Keywords: emigration, reintegration of returnees, migration policies, the role of institutions, the provision of services, etc.


Forced Migration and Global Responsibility for Health [A Study on “Defining and Acting on Global Health:

The Case of Internally Displaced People in Nigeria and the Refugee Crisis”]

Oladipo ADEMOLA & Abidun CHRISTIANAAfrican Union Economic and Social Cultural Council, NIGERIA


Forced migration has become a world-wide phenomenon in the past century, affecting increasing numbers of countries and people. It entails important challenges from a global health perspective. This paper critically discussed the Nigeria interpretation of global responsibility for health in the context of forced migration. This study complements their analysis by outlining three priority areas of global health responsibility for European Union (EU) countries. We highlight important stages of the migration phases related to forced migration and propose three arguments. First, the chronic neglect of the large number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the discourses on the “refugee crisis” needs to be corrected in order to develop sustainable solutions with a framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Second, protection gaps in the global system of protection need to be effectively closed to resolve conflicts with border management and normative global health frameworks. Third, effective policies need to be developed and implemented to meet the health and humanitarian needs of forced migrants; at the same time, the solidarity crisis within the EU needs to be overcome. These stakes are high. EU countries, being committed to global health, should urgently address these areas.

The discourse on the “refugee crisis” in many recipient or transit countries of the world focuses only on refugees or asylum-seekers reaching them. However, of those persons forcibly displaced in 2015 (65.3 million according to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR2), the majority (62.5%) have been internally displaced persons (IDPs). In 2014, 77% of the world’s IDPs (38 million) lived in just 10 countries: Syria (19.9%), Colombia (15.8%), Iraq (8.6%), Sudan (8.1%), DR Congo (7.2%), Pakistan (5,0%), South Sudan (3.9%), as well as Somalia, Nigeria, and Turkey (each < 3.0%). The political and policy discourses in the EU on health and humanitarian needs of forcibly displaced people, thus, only affect a fraction of those in need….

Global responsibility for health in the context of forced migration entails substantial challenges. Host countries should be committed to global health need to address three

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priority areas: (i) effectively and sustainably improve the situation of IDPs and correct the chronic neglect of IDPs in discourses on forced migration; (ii) close the gaps in the global protection system as well as resolve the unacceptable conflict between border management and global health aspirations (such as health as human right and universal health coverage); and (iii) develop and implement effective social policies to overcome the solidarity crisis within the global communities in meeting health and humanitarian needs of forced migrants. These would comprise international mechanisms for funding and financing services to existential needs of forced migrants based on a solidarity principle, and channeling resources according to the movement of refugees…

Keywords: Forced migration, Refugee crisis, Global responsibility, Human Rights, Nigeria


A sociological Study of Emigration as Index of Depopulation: Pull and Push Factors

as Challenges for Albanian Youth and Society

Matilda LIKAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Department of SociologyE-mail: [email protected]

Brikena LIKAJ E-mail: [email protected]

Almost three decades before, Albanian society faced the phenomenon of emigration, that was quiet new and desirable from social actors. Till that time, influenced by several factors Albania has been a sending country of emigrants to European countries, to USA, Canada and allover the world. The target group of emigrating population generally has been youth, and middle age social actors. A main characteristic of this group has been always, the economical reason (emigrate for working and better life) as push and pull factor. Generally the social actors that decided to leave the country were not the university youth.

After three decades, Albanian society faces a drastic change on the emigration of university students and university graduate youth. This influence on the emergency of study the pull and push factors that influence the depopulation (term used to explain the gap of youth and working force) in Albania.

This research focuses on study the emergency of this situation, by analyzing pull and push factors of emigration, index of depopulation and drastic challenges that this situation is reflecting in Albanian society. Data collection done by this research in measuring the pull and push factors of emigration to university.

Keywords: Emigration; Index of Depopulation; Pull and Push Factors; Albanian Youth and Society

23TS 02: Population & Migration


Migrant’s Rights

Luljeta KODRAMediterranean University of Albania

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

People have migrated throughout history. They emigrate for a variety of reasons, such as joining their families, seeking better economic opportunities, and escaping human rights abuses. Many human rights treaties explicitly prohibit discrimination on the basis of national origin and require states to ensure that migrants’ human rights are equally protected. Moreover, as well as other particularly vulnerable groups, immigrants have been given special protection by International Law in situations where their rights are most endangered. Although immigrants enjoy the same human rights as all individuals, states can restrict the rights of immigrants in several ways. The protections afforded to an immigrant, such as access to social security, will also depend on which treaties the state has ratified.

While states retain the discretionary power to manage the entry and exit of immigrants into their territory, they are required to enforce human rights standards during their management.

International legal principles place restrictions on the ability of states to expel persons and under what circumstances. Under the principle of non-refoulement, states cannot deport an immigrant to a country where he or she may face torture or serious human rights abuses.

Keywords: Immigrant, human rights, the principle of non-refoulement, discrimination


In the middle of nowhere or nowhere in the middle (of Europe)

Ramiola KALEMI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Many dilemmas and challenges have characterized Albanian history over the years. These dilemmas have primarily been caused by political crises during the transition times, which seem to be endless. These crises have been the cause of producing a persistent social effect, which is the desire of Albanians to leave the country in search of a “better life.” In a Gallup report based on surveys conducted between 2015 -2017 of an “adult population who wants to leave the country,” Albania ranks 4th in a list of 152 countries. While observing this report what is remarkable is that the list shows Albania standing before Syria and the latter is a country in the state of war and steel holds the 13th position on the list. Even more problematic, however, appears to be the fact that the “brain drain”

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phenomenon seems to be quite high in Albania, where about 35% of highly educated adults want to leave the country. The matter is that this actuality causes a multidimensional problem for the country, in the politico-social context, and in the individual spectrum by putting the individual in front of the “all or nothing” option. The dilemma, all “in the middle of nowhere,” or nothing “in the middle of “Europe.” The paper attempts to explore the current situation in Albania and the effects caused by these phenomena.

Keywords: Brain drain, democratization, political crisis, transition

25TS 03: Education and Sport


EDUCATION AND SPORT

Chairs: Krešimir ŽAŽAR, Katerina CYCJA, Ledia KASHAHU & Mirjam REÇI


The Attributes of School Age Population Sports Engagement – The Case of a Croatian County

Krešimir ŽAŽARUniversity of Zagreb, CROATIA

Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesDepartment of Sociology E-mail: [email protected]

Jelka GOŠNIK University of Zagreb, CROATIA

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences E-mail: [email protected]

The starting premise is that engaging in organized sport activities represents a powerful tool of social inclusion, fosters empathy and prosocial behaviour and generates other social benefits, although the likeliness of realizing these potentials depends on a wide span of social factors. The central aim of the paper is to present the findings of an empirical research of the diverse features of sports activities of (elementary and secondary) school age population in Krapina Zagorje county in northwestern Croatia. The explorative/explanatory research is anchored in desk research of available relevant data and a series of semi-structured interviews that were conducted in 2018. The non-probability/purposive sample (N=16) comprises stakeholders relevant for the implementation of sports activities, such as trainers, officials in sports clubs, administrators in organizations in charge of school sports etc. Among other valuable empirical findings, the barriers to more intensive engagement in organized sports are especially highlighted: general decline of interest for sports, insufficient funding and financial support, average infrastructure and facilities, insufficient expert trainers

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engagement, particularly in the work with youngest pupils, inadequate policy framework and lack of general consciousness concerning the positive effects of sports. Concerning the opportunities of doing sports, children from rural areas of the County and girls are particularly deprived, as there is a lack of disposable sports contents for them. In the concluding section, the necessity of systematic work in improving the quality of sports in all its aspects is emphasized, requiring the contribution of a wide scope of social actors.

Keywords: organized sports activities, school age population, social inclusion, barriers to practising sports


Family school communication and family engagement

in education through technology

Ledia KASHAHU XHELILAJ University “Aleksander Moisiu” Durrës, ALBANIA

Faculty of EducationE-mail: [email protected]

Rozana PETANI Zadar University, CROATIAE-mail: [email protected]

In the framework of the national project for turning schools into community centers in Albania, school-to-family communication is one of the main tasks of the school, engaging parents in child education, but also to increasing social cohesion among interest groups within and outside the school. This study focuses on ways that public and private schools use to communicate with families through technology, not only to keep the families informed, but also to achieve the engagement of families in the education of their children. Qualitative methods were used for the purposes of this study. 24 semi structured interviews were conducted with parents of public and private secondary education schools and 4 semi-structured interviews with directors and 11 teachers. Labeling and coding techniques were used for data processing. Data analysis revealed that there are totally different ways of using technology to communicate and collaborate with parents between public and private schools. Private schools use digital platforms to achieve the purpose of information and cooperation. They manage to engage parents using specific ways and methods of technological interaction, while public schools remain trying to achieve parents’ information. According to teachers, directors and parents, the ways of technological interaction are linked to the socio-economic status of the parents.

Keywords: Parent engagement, communication efficacy, home-school communication, technology



The University of the Third Age (U3A) and his role in active aging; Case Study: U3A of Galati

Lumanita IOSIFDunărea de Jos University of Galati, ROMANIA


The world population is rapidly ageing due to low birth rates and rising life expectancy. Population ageing is worldwide phenomenon and it is proceeding with the fastest pace in low- and middle-income countries. U3A is a project implemented by Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 2016 and is the first in Romania.

The main purpose of this research is the study of students’ satisfaction focused on the factors like teachers’ expertise, courses offered, learning environment and classroom facilities and their influence on aging. The results of the quantitative analysis reveal that teachers’ expertise and the courses offered are the most influential factors.

Keywords: Higher education; U3A, student satisfaction; active aging


Pedagogical viewpoints and educational activities of Georg Michael Kerschensteiner

Jani SOTAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Education, Department of PedagogyE-mail: [email protected]

The year 2019 is the 165th year of the birth of Kerschensteiner, while in 2017 it has been 85 years since the death of this prominent German pedagogue, founder and theoretician of the school of work, theoretician of civic and state education and the proponent of axiological pedagogy (cultural pedagogy). The fact that this representative is one of the most prominent pedagogues of the new school pedagogue, linked to the relevant dates, was the reason for this study. On the other hand, Kerschensteiner ‘s pedagogical thinking for decades has been almost completely disregarded, even in his own country. His pedagogical ideas have been described sporadically and in the most frequent cases in the spirit of the philosophical system, namely biased (idealistic) and very generalized. The work is so complex and responsive, because Kerschensteiner ‘s pedagogical views are expressions of socio-political circumstances in Germany, the level of development and the influence of pedagogical thought until the emergence of pedagogical power of Kerschensteiner is closely related to pedagogical worldview, cultural and work, first and foremost, is characterized by a great deal of controversy between the hands of the hand and the mental work of the students during the last

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decades of the XIX century and the beginning of the new century. Quite unexpectedly, many pedagogical authors influenced by Kerschensteiner, have the view that it is important the hand work and the mental work in the new school as the purpose and direction of all school work as the main principle of student activity and action, although in the sense of this principle, there have been differences between them. Many of Kerschensteiner ‘s thoughts, ranging from the maxim: “The school of work must have the minimum number of school subjects to develop the maximum of skills, and love for work in the service of state education”, they never lose their value and are actual for any human activities, and especially pedagogical activity.

Keywords: School system, working school, manual work, physical work, vocational skills, pedagogical theory


Difficulties in accessibility and mobility of disabled students

in the public university infrastructure in Albania

Anila SULAJAgriculture University of Tirana, ALBANIA


Brunilda KONDIUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA


Education is a fundamental right to every citizen and so is to the disabled people. Universities in Albania are obliged to respect and make sure to fulfill these rights in order to create and adapt infrastructure for all students. This study has evaluated the situation of the infrastructure and social care for disabled students in some public universities in Albania. The accessibility and mobility of disabled students in university space is still not improved. The infrastructure access of disabled students was the focus of this survey. In six public universities are missing infrastructure facilities as are ramps, lifts, disabled chairs, toilets, special tables and computers. The study results showed that ramps are missing in all universities selected for this survey. Lifts are installed in (66.6%) 4 out of 6 public universities.

Others facilities as are disabled chair, special computers are sporadically used mostly as donation or support of university projects. Toilets for disabled students are missing in 83% or 5 out of 6 public universities. The accessibility and mobility of disabled students is not provided by current university infrastructure. The need to improve this situation is addressed to the politics of institutions of higher education in Albania in order to improve and establish the facilities for disabled students.

Keywords: accessibility, mobility, disabled, students, universities, Albania



Leadership Model and Difference Perceptions on School Decision making; the Case of Durres District

Anila PLAKUUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Based on the perceptions of teacher-supervisor, department-chief (in the primary schools of Durres), this study aimed to investigate the perceptions of the teaching staff in decision making. At the same time, the study explores the relationship between models of leadership (structural, human, political, symbolic) and decision making. In this study participated 70 teachers, 30 heads of the department, and 30 chiefs, selected using the group-based sampling technique. Qualitative research was used in this study and semi-structured interviews with chiefs, teachers, and department heads were used as the research instrument. The survey was also used and a checklist was applied as a research instrument that monitored leadership behaviors and staff reaction in 8 schools for a period of approximately 2 months. Research findings indicate that there are perceptual differences in school decision making. It is also noted that teachers’ responsive performances in active decision-making, their involvement in the curriculum development, modules and curricular projects, are closely linked to manifestations of leadership behavior according to the structural, human, political and symbolic model. It is recommended that a combination of situational leadership models and leadership roles, involves staff, enhances trust, influences good decision making for all parties, and reduces the appearance of protective mechanisms used by staff.

Keywords: structural model, human model, political model, symbolic model, decision making


Suplementary education in albanian languate in the diaspora

Isak SHEMA University of Pristine, KOSOVOE-mail: [email protected]

In the Albanian Diaspora there is supplementary education in Albanian Language from 2004. The form of this supplementary education for children aged from 7 to 15 vary in different countries with consistent improvement in the educational provision and experience. However if the current development of supplementary education in Albanian Language is compared with the European Model C for Education in Native language, it is concluded that the intended educational goals are not achieved. In this paper some of the limitations and weaknesses in the supplementary education in Albanian language in the Diaspora are presented by highlighting some of the key aspects of the contemporary educational reforms in the developed European countries. Following the agreement

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between the Albanian and Kosovo governments to unify the education in Albanian for the level, there is an opportunity that the processes and the educational provision in the Albanian Diaspora is improved in line with National and European reforms in education. For example, the education reform in France after the approval of the new educational law in 2013 that aims to implement a national education programme “Artistic and Cultural Education” encourages a holistic educational approach for the XXI century. It is suggested that the Education in Albanian language in the Diaspora can use the current national and international innovations to improve the student experience. It is also proposed that the harmonisation of the educational system in Kosovo and Albania, the publishing of new text books and contemporary text books for education in Albanian language in Diaspora will influence the current quality of provision.

Keywords: Education, Albanian, Diaspora, Children


The Causes and Consequences of Violence in School Life in Kosovo

Besim GOLLOPENIUniversity of Mitrovica Isa Boletini, KOSOVO


Educational institutions, among others, also encounter such phenomena as violence among students, school staff or other groups around the school. The presence of this phenomenon in school life is one of the many concerns facing students, teachers and parents today. Conflict is a negative phenomenon that is associated with strong emotions and unpleasant situations. It is based on disagreements between people. It can be a source of fear, anger, stress, despair, violence and war. (Kolaveri.E. 2013). Most conflicts are based on students’ general attitudes or their inability to cope with pressure. To understand the prevalence of this phenomenon in Kosovo society, what are the causes and effects it may have on students and teachers, the study was conducted through two questionnaires, targeting lower secondary teachers and students in northern Kosovo (North Mitrovica, Skenderaj and Vushtrri). The study involved 150 students and 50 teachers in grades 6-9. The semi-planned sample was used for the study. Data collected through questionnaires were collated and analyzed in SPSS. The main findings of the study make it clear that this phenomenon is present in school life and is more pronounced among students. However, this phenomenon is also present among students - teachers and vice versa, as well as outside school life. Among the main causes that lead to violence at school are undoubtedly disagreements on ideas and attitudes, on personal motives and jealousy, school discipline, revenge and more. The first effects are a decline in interest in teaching and learning, low learning success, fear and insecurity at school. Violence is present in both sexes, but this phenomenon is more pronounced in male and in urban areas.

Keywords: students, teachers, conflicts, school, causes, effects



Educational policies for inclusion of minority children in the pre-university education system of the Republic of Kosovo

Maliqe MULOLLI – JAHMURATAJSHFMU ”Dardania” Pristine, KOSOVO

& South East European University in Tetovo, NORTH MACEDONIAE-mail: [email protected]

Minorities in Kosovo are faced with a number of problems in different areas, especially when it comes to their integration into education. Problems start with registration, acceptance by the majority community, socio-economic status, etc. This paper will address and evaluate current policies and legislation of Kosovo for all inclusion in education as a condition to complete the education system for minorities in the Republic of Kosovo. This will provide us with a realistic overview of what the policies and legislation are and what needs to be done to improve all inclusion in education.

The paper will be based on the position of parents, children from minority communities involved in schools to see the challenges and difficulties they go through, and with children who are out of school to see the causes that have driven them to school. not attending school or dropping out. Therefore, this paper aims to bring innovation in this field of research aiming to identify how Kosovo is in line with international standards in the field of education, which are the reasons for the poor attendance of children from minority groups. in pre-university education and to suggest appropriate policies that would be in line with EU directives and that would at the same time create frameworks that acknowledge the diversity of personal situations and develop mutual solidarity.

Keywords: Inclusion, minority children, education policy, pre-university education


Motivating students to read

Adriana QAFANGO Tirana, ALBANIA


Zenel SINAUniversity “Aleksander Moisiu” Durrës, ALBANIA


In this study, I will present some research thoughts on students’ motivation to read. There is a special place in the methodological ranking of the reading process, from its early beginnings to school age to expressive reading as the highest reading position in literature. I emphasize that the main requirements of reading are a deep understanding of the topic,

32 Abstracts Book

exploration of the idea, and other elements of the subject. Therefore for applying the relevant rules of the expressive reading techniques are the following techniques: breathing, voice, dictation, intonation, spelling, pauses, logical stresses, emotional expressions, and temperament, gestures, and imitations techniques.

I would like emphasize the fact that the method used for this research comes from students’ results in the reading process and depends on the ability and level of the teacher for this motivating, through the degree of programming, the tools available, the age and level of students, and from the environment the teacher creates during the teaching process. In conclusion, we will come up with some practical guidelines for motivating students to read.

Keywords: expressive reading, expressive educational method, techniques of reading


Importance of the role of social workers in schools: Case of High Schools in Durres

Doreta KUCI TARTARIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Education; Department of Sociology E-mail: [email protected]


Faculty of Education; Department of Sociology E-mail: [email protected]

The following work is based on the importance and the role of psycho-social service and the efficiency of this service in the Albanian educational environment. Albanian schools, together with the locomotive of the upcoming changes are directed by mixed western culture. The psychological presence and social workers seems necessary as well as to be legally fair, but also at the functional part. The importance of those stands at the special work they do, includes teaching, counseling and therapy. By following the laws of school psychology and by following the contemporary definitions ; this work brings with it the importance of this service in the Albanian educational environment , about the role of psychologists and social workers , to determine this role , the duties and the responsibilities of this profession even in the inhabited mentality of the Albanian society, which wears this professional with the function of a clinical psychologist who has to interfere in school at difficult situations. But referring to many social problems that schools face nowadays we can say with conviction that the untapped potential to improve those problems that schools face, in relationship with the children’s parents, that have the most problems are the psychologists and the social school workers. They are expected to have more knowledge than teachers in specific directions, which would be useful for both parts: teacher and parents. Psychologists can do an objective analysis about the growing problems, in pupils learning and to build together with the teacher’s alternative helping


ways, where parents and teachers take in reciprocal way the responsibilities that they belong to. So , taking into account the need for the effectiveness of psychological service in schools , this project brings with it the strengthening of the role of social workers as compulsory complementary professionals to psychological service in Albanian schools.

Keywords: Psycho-social service, perceptions, teens, the status of a school psychologist


Expectations of teaching students in second level of studies for labor market

Brunilda LAÇIUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


The profession of teaching in Albania is not new but there are not to much studies on this field. The aim of this study is to identify teaching student’s expectations in labor market. A questionnaire of 21 open and closed questions was completed by 73 students that currently studs at master level on teaching in “Aleksander Moisiu” university in Durres, Faculty of Education. Findings revealed that mostly the student’s expectations about labor market are low and they change due to different variables as gender, years of studies, age or the city where they study. The results are faced with the existing studies results and major changes have been identified. One of the most interesting findings is that girls have lower expectations on labor market than boys. Changes to the legal framework are recommended to improve the student’s access in labor market and match the demand with the job offer.

Keywords: expectations, student, teaching, labor market


The perceptions of high school students’about philosophy and its importance

Merlina KOSENI POGRAZHAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Education; Department of SociologyE-mail: [email protected]

Many arguments and studies prove that studying philosophy makes students more rational, skeptical and open minded. Philosophical research promotes the development of critical and creative thinking, responsible civic engagement, independent judgment, greater respect for diversity, etc. In Albanian schools philosophy is studiedin the 11th

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grade of high school, but how do students perceive it? The aim of this article is to analyze high school students’ perceptions about the subject of philosophy in schools and the importance it may have for them. Around 120 questionnaires were completed by eleventh grade students to measure their perception of philosophy at the beginning of the school year, prior to their first philosophy class, and 120 questionnaires with the same students after the first trimester. The data shows that the majority of students surveyed have no idea or misconception about the object of philosophy and the reasons why it should be studied. A great number of students respond that if philosophy were an elective subject they would not choose it because they feel it does not fit the goals of university studies. These perceptions seem to reflect the perception of our society about the importance of studying philosophy in general. In the second survey, students have a clearer idea and are able to articulate arguments in favor of studying philosophy and its importance.

Keywords: philosophy, critical thinking, creative thinking, philosophical dialogue


Key factors that encourage young Albanians to study in Western universities: advantages and problematic consequences





After the 1990s, Albania was liberated from self-isolation. One of the phenomena observed was the desire of many young people to study abroad, mainly in the developed countries of the West. Initially, young people who had a favorable family economic position to cover the costs for the years of study, or those with a close or family member residing in the country where they would study, who could afford the financial/emotional support or student residence.

Over the years, opportunities for young people to study abroad increased as information about the scholarships offered by Western Universities was more accessible to anyone interested; rehabilitative opportunities close family increased with their integration into Western societies. Earlier student’s experiences also served as role models and examples to follow. But the experience of the following years showed that not every student experience was associated with unquestionable success in completing studies, rehabilitating the profession they had studied, or integrating into Western society.

Currently, this phenomenon is quite prevalent in Albania, as the influx of young people applying and studying at university / postgraduate levels in Western countries has increased significantly. The study focuses on discovering the factors that encourage young


Albanians to study abroad, highlighting the advantages and problematic consequences of this phenomenon. The methodology of the study is based on qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, mainly in-depth interviews, valuable for discovering the variety of drivers, but also statistical data to identify the advantages and consequences of this type of choice. The study finds that the desire to integrate into Western society for a better quality of life is the main driving factor, interlaced with other factors of an economic, social and cultural nature. But like everything else, we cannot exclude the “other page of the medal”, which in this study relates to the problematic consequences that these Albanian graduate students face outside the country’s borders, in opposition to their choice and sacrifice for several years.

Keywords: encourage factors, young Albanians, university studies, developed Western countries, advantages, problematic consequences.


The Primary School Teacher’s Attitudes towards the classroom management and discipline – Case Study

Almedina AZEMIUniversity of Pristine, KOSOVO

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected];

The purpose of this study is to describe the primary school teachers’ attitudes of the city of Mitrovica towards the classroom management and discipline and the ascertainment of the connections between variables of gender, age, education status, working experience and the following of the trainings with strategies of the classroom management and discipline. In this investigation have been involved 72 primary school teachers from the city of Mitrovica. For the realization of this investigation the instrument Teacher Classroom Management Strategies Questionnaire has been used. The instrument is made of seven constructions of the classroom management and discipline, such as: comfortable strategies, uncomfortable strategies, gratitude and encouragement strategies, and strategies of the social and emotional education, the management of behavior in the classroom, self-evaluation and positive approach with parents.

The collected data, however, have been processed through statistical package SPSS, 21 Version. There were also used descriptive and interfering analyses in order to present the constructions which indicate the attitudes of the teachers through the arithmetic average (MA) and standard deviation(DS), in the interval of faith 95% (95% CI) as well as adequate percentages. The scale of the correlation between the constructions of the questionnaire has been discovered through the Pearson’s correlation. In difference to other groups, straightforward ANOVA test was used.

The findings of this research proved significant differences between gender, age groups, type of education, the status of education, and the participation in trainings and teachers’ experience towards the implementation of the classroom management and discipline strategies.

Keywords: Classroom management, discipline, pupil, attitude, teacher

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Impact of the digital competence on teachers’ professional development

Elda TARTARIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Lindita LUTAJ University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Information and communication technology has found widespread use in the field of education over the last decade. Its integration into the curriculum has influenced the teaching process by forcing the teacher to develop his knowledge, skills, and attitudes about using technology in the classroom environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of digital competence in teachers’ professional development and its impact on the teaching process. The method selected for this research is the quantitative method. The sample included in this study is 160 primary and secondary teachers from the city of Tirana and Durres. The study revealed that the majority of teachers have integrated the use of technology in their teaching process and they are constantly participating in various qualification programs focusing on technology. The analysis of collected data also evidenced that teachers are self-taught in teaching technology to be updated with the latest developments in this field. On the other hand, the use of technology in the teaching process helps teachers to integrate contemporary teaching methods, materials with teaching content that support learning topics and manage students’ attention and focus in the classroom environment. This study suggests that teachers should always stay in touch with the developments and innovations of technology related to the educational field because it helps them to develop more professionally. If the teachers are better prepared and qualified, they will further enhance the quality of teaching and learning process in their classroom.

Keywords: technology, teachers, professional development, teaching, learning


Support teacher in regular classrooms of primary education in the city of Vlora

Alda ISARAJUniversity Ismail Qemali of Vlora, Albania


Education, as a key process in human life, is increasingly evolving by bringing new alternatives to all target groups. The situation is even more complex especially for people with disabilities, as we are always looking for supportive elements to make their


lives easier. For this reason, the presence of a professional qualified in special education is a substantial element. They help the main teacher by accomplishing a common goal: educating pupils. The support teacher is one of the key factors contributing to a better education of children with special needs. Their presence is vital to the well-being of pupils inside and outside the school. The goal of this study is to get acquainted with the progressive changes to the school performance of pupils with different abilities in regular classrooms of the primary education in the city of Vlora. The positive effects or consequences of the support teacher were analyzed for all educational phases, by first collecting data on the school performance of pupils with different abilities in primary schools where one regular teacher operated for the entire classroom. Afterwards, the importance of support teachers in primary school classrooms of pupils with different abilities was emphasized. Furthermore, data on the school performance of pupils with different abilities in primary school classrooms during their work with the support teacher were collected to highlight the achievements. The key method employed is the direct observation of all subjects involved, with pupils actively participating in classroom activities, for the purpose of highlighting every elements of a school day of pupils with special needs. This is a constant observation starting with the first contacts and ending with the conclusion of the study, emphasizing the successive changes of the situation under this research work. This research has been carried out for 8 months, divided in several phases. It has been observed the work of pupils with different abilities and support teachers in 4 primary schools of Vlora, covering pupils of 6 to 9 years old. By analyzing every data, this research emphasizes the need for the presence of a support teacher in every classroom where pupils with different abilities learn. However, this is not sufficient given the need also for due adaptations of the classroom environment, didactic tools and aspects of continuing training of support teachers.

Keywords: pupils with different abilities, support teacher, primary education


The importance and need for resizing teaching in collective classrooms

Borana KACI University “Aleksander Moisiu” Durrës, ALBANIA


The reshaping of teaching in collective classes coincides with a restructuring of the entire curriculum for these target groups, given that number of collective classes is high including all over Albania. In our country we have a wide range of collective classes on the outskirts of cities as well as in the elementary schools of the remote villages where the number of inhabitants is low and the placement of their dwelling house is a considerable distance where difficulties are possible attending schools in the respective district centers. The curricula are programmed for classes and normal student numbers. As well as inclusive education does not include any annexation to these target classes

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where teaching has favors and disadvantages under these circumstances. Also do not leave without mentioning the preparation of the diary, the daily plan and annual one. Settings and achieving the goals set by the teacher in one of the relevant subject classes remains important.

The methodology used in this experimental method and sociometric method due to the variability and certain causal relationships between the different factors. Analyzing a classroom in a single classroom for example, class 1 (first), where the teacher in 45 minutes must have completed all achievements of the objectives set. Routine control, task control, knowledge refresh, new topic explanation, completion and assignments in class and home, and which one gets its time. If we are going to the collective classes respectively classes 1 (first), 3 (third), 4 (fourth), 5 (fifth)- the teacher at the same in 45 minutes, should finish the same routine but already in four different classes. What % of teaching is restored? How much % information was received by the student? The flexibility of class schedules in the classrooms leads to a collapse of information for both the teacher and the teaching emphasizing the reduction of materials by the teacher for the time being. Given the high number of collective classes and the low number of students for class, there is a need for a conceptual and material reshaping in the teaching of collective classes. Establishing a target group of professionals and good knowledge of collective classroom problems and operating some techniques with relevant competencies would be an achievement for inclusiveness as well as the success of achieving better results in these school projects in collaboration with the Ministry of Education for changing or adopting the curriculum with the relevant conditions in which the teaching level in the classrooms is located.

Keywords: Collective class; identification; resizing; flexibility; teaching; competence


The link between socio-economic status and parenting styles with the academic

achievement of students in primary education

Fjolla PECIUniversity of Pristine, KOSOVO


The purpose of this study is to describe the link between socio-economic status and parenting styles with the academic achievement of students in primary education in the municipality of Mitrovica. This Research is quantitative and has a correlative approach. We hypothesized that: the low level of financial income in the students family is related to low academic achievement; students whose parents had lower levels of education have lower academic achievement; students living in nuclear families have a higher GPA than those who are part of large families; and that the authoritative parenting style has an impact on students’ success as opposed to authoritarian and tolerant style.

The Participants in this research were 272 parents of third, fourth and fifth grade students in Mitrovica city schools. The instrument used for collecting data from parents


was ‘Parenting Style Questionnaire’ along with 8 demographic questions. For the analysis of the data, Descriptive Analysis, Pearson’s Correlation, T-Test, the one-way Anova and Regression Analysis were used.

According to the results, the level of income did not show any impact on student success (p=.229), and also the level of mother and father education did not result to have any impact (p=.253) for mom’s education and (p=.542) for dad’s education. The type of family has an impact on student success (p=.021). Moreover, the parenting style has an impact on student success. The authoritative style has shown to be of significant importance to the students’ academic achievement (p=.012).

Not always and everywhere are similar links between socio-economic factors and parenting styles with academic achievement of students. The results of this research can serve all teachers and the whole society not to prejudge the factors that affect the student’s success or failure in school.

Keywords: socio-economic status, achievement, style, student, parent, children


What do graduate students think of their research experience?

Gentjana TARAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Emilda ROSENIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Writing a thesis is an important part of the master programs at ‘Aleksander Moisiu’ University. The purpose is to teach students the necessary skills to collect analyze and interpret data which will help them with their future employment. This paper explores the benefits that graduate students have as a result of participating in a graduate research experience. Sixty eight students completed a survey which consisted of three parts; the first part investigates students’ awareness of research opportunities, the second part of the survey explores the role of the mentor in helping students to build the necessary skills for this experience and the third part of the survey explores students’ perception of how this experience would help them in their future employment.

Results from the study show that the majority of the English students did not consider participation in research as relevant to their future career whereas most of them saw the role of the mentor as very important to help them acquire the necessary skills for doing research.

Keywords: research, graduate students, career, experience.

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Intercultural education in contemporary society

Mirlinda VEJSELI University of Tetovo, NORTH MACEDONIA


The concept education in contemporary societies as well as in modern theory in essence represents notions of cultural cohesion and integrated education, which are simultaneously related with national educational systems in the content of contemporary education. One of the main aims of education in the contemporary world is the advancement of democracy in society. The educational system must take in consideration the multicultural character of society and aim to contribute activity to peaceful coexistence and positive interaction between cultural groups. Traditionally viewed exist two approaches to education: multicultural education and intercultural education. Multicultural education is one that through teaching others cultures tends to enable the acceptance or at least tolerate of other culture, while intercultural education tends to go beyond passive coexistence and realize a sustainable way of living together in a multicultural society. This paper will explain the role of the educational system in multicultural societies and the powerful impact that education has on cultural intolerance; communicate ability between people from different cultures; flexible attitude towards cultural changes in society; greater willingness of people to activity engage in social interaction with people of other cultural backgrounds ; and recognizing the fundamental qualities of human nature as something in common.

Keywords: Education, Multiculturalism, Intercultural education, Social interaction


The importance of a dossier in student’s assessment in foreign languages

Emilda ROSENIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Email: [email protected]



Alnida SHANO KOROSHIUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA


There is a great debate on the selection of appropriate assessment and testing around the world. The aim is to change and improve the assessment techniques of one single teacher, as well as the assessment policies of an entire state. Although around the world there are numerous debates regarding students’ evaluation, in Albania this topic has not


been given proper importance. Assessment of communication skills in a standardized way is much more complex compared to the evaluation of grammatical and lexical correctness. Despite this, many scholars and teaching experts are looking for new ways to assess students. These new techniques aim to include new communication skills assessment. This is a change needed to be supported and encouraged. Besides all this, the final objective of this change remains to communicate effectively, whether in written communication and reading or speaking and listening. Consequently, all language skills need to be assessed carefully and accurately so that students will have the possibilities to improve these skills further in the future.

This professional dossier presents issues and experiences related to the assessment and testing of knowledge in foreign languages, to identify the linguistic level of these students, to detect problems encountered by teachers during the assessment of their students’ language skills, reflect the problems encountered by the students during the measurement and evaluation of their skills from teachers and from each other as well as provide recommendations on how to perform best techniques and fair assessment testing language skills in Albanian schools. The study is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. In the second part will be demonstrated useful documents in order to have an objective assessment in foreign languages.

Keywords: Assessment, student, teacher, foreign languages


The potential of university level dual studies for the youth

Jonida AVDULAJAgricultural University of Tirana, ALBANIA

Faculty of Economy and Agribusiness E-mail: [email protected]

Marsida VISHKURTIUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

FASTIP E-mail: [email protected]

Klodian MUÇOUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


According to the Neo-Schumpeterian approach, it is the universities that transform theoretical knowledge into added value of human capital for enterprises. The collaboration between universities and enterprises can make this transformation process happen faster and more efficiently and can increase the impact of the added value. This kind of cooperation becomes even more important nowadays where the labor market is undergoing a rapid transformation in both contractual logic and flexibility. This

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transformation, along with a lack of productive structure and low salary levels, has had a very negative impact on employment especially among young people.

Based on the above facts, in this study we will conduct an analysis on micro level data to see the breakdown of education/formation costs between the enterprises and the students. Further we will analyze salary levels directly after graduation. This study’s primary objective is the identification of the economic costs and benefits of a student who wishes to become part of the dual university system.

To accomplish the objective mentioned above, we will start with a synthetic review of the existing literature on the dual university system. Following will collect data through questionnaires to see the costs of dual system students and the level of salaries after they start working. Lastly, we will prepare a descriptive statistical analysis of the costs and benefits of the students taken into consideration.

The expected results from this study are the evidence that enterprises cover most of the costs of student training, and the starting salary level of graduates’ in the dual system is the same as the level of salaries of students from traditional university system.

The limitations of this study are the lack of other similar studies in Albania. This makes it difficult to compare the results, but at the same time this is the novelty of this study.

Keywords: Dual Study, Youth, Employment, Salaries


Assisting students with learning difficulties in learning their mother tongue

Greta JANIUniversity “Aleksandër Moisiu” of Durres, ALBANIA


This paper aims to explore the integration of students with learning difficulties in the process of learning their mother tongue at school. “Difficulty in learning” is a general term that in a sense means being used to problems. It is a term used to classify children who are in need of more services in comparison to those without special needs. This is a diagnosis based on children’s behavior, childhood and their family history. The child who has difficulty in learning the native language usually manifests problems with certain skill such as, writing, reading, hearing, meaning and reasoning. These are the most frequently affected skills. The study methodology is complex, diagnostic in nature and brings facts, principles, and scientific approaches to the problems that students with learning difficulties have. The paper focuses not only on the types of difficulties in the acquisition of mother tongue, but also on the role of parent/family in the inclusion of students in the process of learning. Also, this paper considers the planifcation and the didactic tools that are used by teachers to assists students with learning disabilities in acquiring their mother tongue.

Keywords: inclusion, difficulty, mother tongue, student



Developing creativity in classroom environment in the public kindergartens of the city of Durres





The study aims to explore the practices of preschool teachers that inhibit or stimulate the development of a creative environment for students in public kindergartens in the city of Durres. The sample of the study consisted of 50 kindergarten teachers. For the purpose of the study, a fully structured questionnaire with six dimensions consisting of 61 statements was designed. The results revealed that teacher practices that encourage creativity in children were unsatisfactory with regard to physical environment management, didactic materials, lesson planning, and creative teaching practices. Recommendations based on the study findings are suggested.

Keywords: creativity environment, preschool teachers, public kindergarten, Durres


Role of school director as manager

Irila MATERA University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Dilina BESHIRIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


School has the comprehension of an organization, which comprises different elements, intertwined together bring the better function of it. The key element that connects all components is the headmaster. Headmaster’s role for many years in our educational system is asserted as unique and well defined by the law. In the last years, our society has undergone many changes, which have reflected even on the educational system. The main purpose of this research is to study the leading method of school and to point out the division of the duties between the headmaster and managing director. The objectives of this research have to do exactly with the highlighting of the role of

44 Abstracts Book

managing director, the comparison between the headmaster and the managing director, the clarification that our educational system needs for a managing director. The methods used, are the analysis of the secondary data and the quality of the collecting data through half structured interviews, developed with the actual headmasters in the district of Durres. Thereby in this way is identified the role and function that the headmaster has as a managing director. The research is closely connected not only with the managing funds but also several other duties that do not have to do with the didactic aspect of school. Here is also emphasized the importance and the need of the latter to the better functioning of the school.

Keywords: management, manager, headmaster, school, pre-university education


Developing EFL Teachers’ Training and Intercultural Competence

Marsela HARIZAJUniversity College “LOGOS”, ALBANIA

Faculty of Human Sciences and Linguistic CommunicationE-mail: [email protected]

Veneranda HAJRULLA

University Ismail Qemali of Vlora, ALBANIA Department of Foreign Languages


Effective education needs well trained teachers in every field of study. English language teachers are continuously developing effective methods to apply knowledge in the auditorium. Novice and professional teachers help students acquire learning. If the teaching process is not qualitative, students would not benefit. Based on the Curriculum of Foreign Language Teaching, teachers should have knowledge not just of the subject matter, but of intercultural competence and other issues as well. Frequent training and intercultural development will improve the quality of their teaching. In spite of being in a multicultural or monoculture class, Fl teachers should have a sustainable cultural background. The last would improve the teaching experience. Mentoring teaching is an important element for novice teachers too. Combining theory, practical experience and models of teaching would help them increase teaching performance. What is qualitative teaching? How important is teacher’s professional training in qualitative teaching? What training programs should foreign language teachers follow? What is intercultural communication? How can teachers improve their teaching experience? These are some of the research questions that this paper brings in focus. English language teachers’ training and intercultural development are important components of qualitative teaching. Some useful strategies to enhance effective teaching will be suggested at the end of this paper.

Keywords: EFL teacher, intercultural competence, qualitative teaching, student -centered classes



Motivation to Learn, its Components and Formative Assessment - Reflections from Relevant Literature

Nevila QARDAKUUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA

(PhD Candidate) E-mail: [email protected]

It is already known the problem of drop in motivation to learn in high school students but it is understood that the level of student motivation can not be increased without being recognized in depth and in detail by the teacher, all dimensions of motivation to learn and how his level increases. The purpose in this article is to present a theoretical overview of formative assessment and all dimensions of motivation in learning, based on many relevant studies. The relevant literature review was used as a method for this. From the conclusions of this article is that the eight dimensions of motivation to learn have their importance and their irreplaceable place and the consolidation of each dimension to students is a step closer to solving the problem of falling motivation to learn. Also, one of the most important components that influence the growth of motivation to learn is the student’s self-esteem as a person and as a learner. Another conclusion: formative assessment is a very important element in increasing motivation to learn. It is suggested to teachers to pay attention to the dimensions of motivation to learn and the assessment, because without motivated learners, their work is destined to fail, regardless of anything else.

Keywords: Components of motivation for learning, formative assessment, learning, Assessment Reform Group, high school students


Impact of class climate on student’s motivation on the primary cycle of Durres city

Edlira KARAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


“The climate of class and the motivation of the students” are one of the most important points in education system. The importance that teacher is casting in the creation of a possitive climate in class effect in the students motivation and especially in the primary cycle, by making them feeling more quiet and with more trust in themselfs. The students will be motivated they feel safe and protected in class. The possitive environmental pushes the students but even the teachers towards qualitive learning. Exactly the purpose of performing this study is classroom climate, student motivation, but also relations teacher –student and student-student. Resarch question that is dumped in this study is: “How affects the climate of class in student motivation in primary cycle”. Collection

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of informacion was realized through some questionnaires created for 152 students in public schools in Durres city. This study was observed that teachers were able to create a possitive climate in class, also were clearly in that thing that they were asking for, and the students were satisfied with their teachers. But only one thing was disturbing for the students and it was the physical environment because it wasn’t in appropriate conditions.

Keywords: classroom climate, motivation, communication, strategy.


An outlook over the context of the Albanian grammar categories during learning and teaching process

Afrim YZEIRI Professional High School Petro Sota, Fier, ALBANIA


Some important issues of grammatical categories during the process of teaching and learning the Albanian language in the foreign and Albanian contexts are the subject of this statement. Now more than ever, the Approaching of teaching Albanian language needs to be sensitive to the culture and to the diversity of contexts where is explained and used this language. We think that the grammar categories should be explained in an environment that respects the local learning culture The Understanding of learning the local culture in Albania should not be based on stereotypes, considering that the teaching should not be influenced by political-social factors, but from culture ones that exist in the Community. In this researching study we will treat some aspects such as: The history and the context of the Albanian grammar through the correspondence optics between Albanologist Norbert Jokli and Alexander Xhuvani where are treated the main grammatical categories; the socio- didactic approach of grammatical categories in the Albanian textbooks; the description of the main epistemological research commitments in the context of adapting to the methodic al plan and reflections to the researching environment, especially in the district Fier.

Keywords: categories, textbook, correspondence, transcription


The integration of child with autism spectrum disorder in school; First grade challenges and perspectives

Adisa TELITIUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Albanian society, as well as all over the world, is facing the challenge and difficulty of having inside a family, kindergarten or school a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as autism. The integration of children with autism spectrum disorder into


school simultaneously affects the quality of life, promotes personal development, helps the family, but it remains a challenge for the school, the teachers or other parents. The study focused on the inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorder in the first grade. The study is of a qualitative nature, as it measures parents ‘and teachers’ perceptions of the initial difficulties of the integration, from individual education programs, supportive teachers or peer and parent feedback.

In conclusion, we can say that the integration of children with autism spectrum disorder in school is indispensable in their performance and in achieving the objectives set in individual education programs, as well as in dealing with very positive educational models.

Keywords: children with spectrum disorder, individual education programs, school.


Impact of direction styles on teacher motivation

Violeta MANJANI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Dilina BESHIRI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


In 9-year-old public schools in our country, school leadership styles interact with teacher motivation and satisfaction is as ideal as reality. It is the duty of all stakeholders and especially leaders to create a conducive environment for student learning, to improve standards of behavior and learning. The main purpose of this study is to study leadership styles and their impact on teacher motivation and job satisfaction. This study will identify the leadership styles used by leaders in the City of Durres for teacher motivation, carefully analyzing the leadership skills and putting forward a synthesis of the elements of different leadership styles, motivation in school enhances effective teaching and performance teachers.

For the purpose of this study, two standardized measuring instruments were applied. The first measuring tool is a questionnaire for teachers about the leadership style used by principals and the influence of distributed styles on Durres city schools. The second measuring tool is the standardized questionnaire for managers on teachers’ styles and motivation at work. Its population is 150 elementary school teachers. The sample of this study was 80 teachers from the schools surveyed. The results of this paper highlight that the typical style used in our educational institutions is the “democratic and autocratic” style which shows great preoccupation with the task of managing educational institutions. Executives who apply this style in practice make decisions with the work group, encourage participation, and support the work effort of others.

Keywords: direction, leadership styles, job satisfaction, motivation, effective teaching

48 Abstracts Book


The parent’s position, how near and far in the learning process of their child

Zenel SINAUniversity “Aleksander Moisiu” Durrës, ALBANIA


Adriana QAFANGO Tirana, ALBANIA


The friendly school builds its strategies base it on comprehensive partnerships. The parents are the most important partners and their inclusion in this process is an important aspect in the projects and the plans of the school. However, the implementation of the new curriculum brings a lot of challenges in the role of parents as support in the learning process of their children. The question that this study is raising for discussion is: How far and near is the role of the parent in the learning process of their child? This research presents the findings coming from a survey done with 120 parents with children in the primary school. The questioner is build according to the Likert Model, with structure of 22 grade in 5 categories, from the level of disagree to fully agree. From the finding it is arrived in a conclusion that in the learning process of the child the being of the parents always behind them brings problem. This means that the parents are not very clear with the methodologies and the work of the teacher in the implementation of the new curriculum. Therefore, this study discusses in details the reasons why the level of the insecurity and trust is so high to parents. The evidence of the factors which show the obstacle of involvement of parents in the learning process, leave space for few recommendations for teachers and for the parents as well.

Keywords: implementation of the curriculum, learning process, involvement of the parents, the level of trust.



The role of sports activity in pupil academic achievements in primary education

Iris MANÇIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Blerina XHAKOLLIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Physical education is an integral part of the educational process, without which the child’s education would be incomplete, but at the same time an area that is distinct from other curricular areas, as its primary focus is on the body, physical experiences and human health. Sport activities focus on the physical, cognitive, psychological and social characteristics of students, providing opportunities for their theoretical and practical training, given the contribution that motor-sport activity makes to the physical, mental and health training of students, as well as to training of lifelong competences. Self-determination theory suggests that the affective domain (psychological need) is critical to students’ growth, development, and well-being; in sport activity, students have the opportunity to experience autonomy, competence, and connection, components of learning that lead to increased self-efficacy and successful self-management (Shen et al., 2009).

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of sport activities in school as a class in student achievement. The study is of a qualitative nature; 50 elementary school students were interviewed in several schools of Durres city. The study is also based on a collection of literature on the importance of sports activities at school to students of this age group.

The results of this study highlight the importance of the role of sport activities in school settings that take place at different times. Students are said to receive high scores in teaching in subjects such as math, reading, etc; improving academic performance; in their focus, attention, memory and behavior in the classroom. From the social aspect, the students say that they cooperate more with their peers. Many studies point out that sporting activity fosters a child’s personality; creates solidarity and socialization; teaches children to set goals and how to cope with problems.

The findings of this research reiterate the importance and necessity of the psychosocial training professional, social workers for cases experiencing social exclusion.

Keywords: education, sports, student, teacher

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The impact of interactive methods on shaping students’ civic values

Ortenca KOTHERJAE-mail: [email protected]

Brunilda KOTHERJAE-mail: [email protected]

The school as an educational institution occupies a special place in shaping the individual’s civic values, preparing them to face challenges, analyzing and resolving situations, and empowering them to exercise their rights and responsibilities. Every new generation needs to learn the values of participating in the processes and evaluating the civic rules that govern different sectors of our society. All students are members of the society and will, at the appropriate time, participate in its various ways in raising and managing it. Therefore, schools today aim to prepare students for various tasks and responsibilities in society by equipping them with knowledge, confidence in their values, and the desire to undertake tasks for the common good. The purpose of the study is to provide a clear picture on the impact of interactive methods in shaping students’ civic values. In this study, were used quantitative methods based in two instruments that were applied to 50 students aged 15-18 years and 50 teachers of two public high schools in the city of Elbasan. The data show that traditional methods are still prevalent in our schools, emphasizing that this method makes teachers feel more secure, manage the classroom better. but they also say that by using these methods learners better absorb information.

Keywords: traditional methods, interactive methods


Integration of children with special needs (disabilities) in middle school compulsory education in Durres

Liljana HOXHOLLI Universiteti Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Education of children with special educational needs in inclusive settings is an emerging venture involving several challenges. This study addresses issues such the acceptance and the integration of disabled children in mainstream middle school level (not special education schools) in Durrës. Throughout the study are explored the experiencies, attitudes and opinions of special education teacher assistants, related to the process of adaption, integration and inclusion of disabled children inside schools. A qualitative method of data collection was used administering depth semi - structured interviews with 11 special education teacher assistants of children with special needs. The findings


of this study show that assistant teachers are the most important ally to work individually with the disabled children, in order to achieve the objectives of PEI. Also, this study has clearly indicated the important relationship of mainstream teacher - special education teacher assistant in the individual work with special needs students. The findings show the importance of supporting infrastructure elements in the integration of these children such as: class organization, qualification of special education teacher assistant, support and resource facilities, didactic materials, tools adapted for children with special needs and information materials. As reported by the teachers, most of the parents were coperative with the school academic staff to achieve the progress of their child.

The findings suggest that the relevant legal institutions should improve the law on the selection of special education teacher assistants by clearly defining their formation and qualification. Another suggestion is that MASR should improve the physical infrastructure of schools to accomendate disabled children.

Keywords: children with special needs, special education teacher assistants, cooperation, inclusive education.


Digitalization of books - Necessary requirement to continue the beautiful tradition of reading

Rudina ALIMERKOUniversity Ismail Qemali of Vlora, ALBANIA

Department of EducationE-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, we will try to shed light on what society, our future, is undergoing an inevitable “epidemic”, of replacing books with the use of technology by children, removing them from their childhood and magic forgive artwork. Books are such a source of warmth. It enriches the inner world and directly influences the development of the mind, expands the horizon and the imagination, forming a secure future with the values of knowledge and civic culture. “Book, part of the virtual world,” is our goal to handle with care, such a necessary requirement for today’s society. We are all aware of the burgeoning technology developments where we are part of this virtual, digital world. The book actually looks like it is suffering, as it requires a hand to grab it and read it. But the challenge of the time has stopped reading for children and young people. Digitalization of books - an indispensable requirement, we would emphasize; looking at the best experiences in the Western world, for a better understanding and reading of works, authors who write for children and young people, the “key” to success in education. For the digitalization of books, it has to be the headline today when it comes to such big issues as disinterest in the book. It is a task of this time; The book should be read! To make a book known, you need to promote it, if you want to get to know the kids, become part of their online world. How many times have we cried or laughed at our beloved characters! We have been reading and reading the book for hours, maybe even years. Let’s try to follow this beautiful tradition of reading.

Keywords: Digitization, reading, tradition, work

52 Abstracts Book


POLITICAL STUDIES

AND LAW ISSUES

Chairs: Elda ZOTAJ, Marsida ISMAILI & Evis GARUNJA


Assessment of Election Integrity Index in Albania based on Final Reports of OSCE / ODIHR

International Observation Missions

Andon KUMEUniveristy Aleksandër Moisiu of Durrës, ALBANIA

Faculty of Political and Juridical ScienceE-mail: [email protected]

Using the data of the Final reports of international mission’s observers OSCE/ ODIHR, the Index of Integrity for the elections conducted in Albania during the period 1996-2019, was evaluated. The index was evaluated using the Norris. P. et al (2014) methodology and the standardized values of the 11 indicators. The values of this index show that, in the period 1996-2017, the electoral processes, referring to the level of approximation, adherence and fulfillment of standards, are generally characterized by a positive upward trend. However, for the 2009 parliamentary elections alone, the value of the index places them on the threshold where the high-level election bandage begins. The index values for the 1996 parliamentary and 2019 local elections are low. They are classified as very low-level election standards. Significant declines in the quality of the electoral process occurred in the 1997 parliamentary elections. The index for these elections is lower than for all other elections.

The analysis of the dynamic values changes of the election integrity index shows that they are a consequence of the factors of political, economic, social nature and the level of democratic development of society. Increase and sustainability in the values of this index require comprehensive commitments. Improvement of electoral legislation in line with the recommendations of international observers and ongoing work to

53TS 04: Political Studies and Law Issues

develop the necessary democratic capacities and culture underpinning the behavior of Albanian institutions, political entities, administration and constituents towards electoral processes and elections is top priorities.

Keywords: Elections, Mission, Observation, Reports, OSCE / ODIHR, integrity index


Social power and participation of citizens in public policy - making

Jelena GRUJIĆEducons University Novi Sad, SERBIA


Free and fair elections are the minimum criteria for defining one political system as democratic. However, one of the most important criteria for measuring the legitimacy of political order is the ability to pursue the interests of ordinary citizens. Every democratic and developed society, regardless of the type of political order, is expected to involve citizens in creating public policy documents, as well as to inform and create an environment in which they will individually and / or collectively show an interest in being involved in the democratic process. Unfortunately, in everyday practice this happens to be difficult and the share of power of citizens in government is small for several reasons. The paper will present theoretical concepts of political participation, public deliberation and models of political participation that citizens have in democratic process. Also, forms of civic participation based on the share of social power that citizens should have in democratic process will be presented with special reference in public policy-making in Serbia.

Keywords: political participation, public deliberation, models of civic participation, public policy-making…


Decadence: The calinescu’s perspective

Ali PAJAZITISEE University, North Macedonia

Faculty of Contemporary Social Sciences E-mail address: [email protected]

One of the important terms in the field of social sciences is that of decadence, which implies the state of decline, destruction, decay, disarray, collapse, and decline. The term is also used to describe the decline of civilization that preceded destruction within the historical cycle. At the end of the 19th century, the feeling that Europe had reached the end of an era or fin de siècle prevailed. In this paper we will occur on the view of

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Romanian-American thinker and literary critic Matei Calinescu (1934-2009), who, by reinterpreting and re-evaluating decadence, relates to our exhausted world, thus associated with a world in a phase of decline and degradation.

Keywords: modernity, decadence, Calinescu, art, culture, ideology


Democracy in crisis: Challenges to american liberal system

Alida TOMJAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Political Sciences and LawE-mail: [email protected]

Alketa DUMANIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Education, Department of Foreign LanguagesE-mail: [email protected]

Developments in the last decades of the last century and the beginning of the new one are evidence of further extension of the wave of democratization, symbolized by the “end of history” and universalization of western liberal democracy, as the final form of human governance. America testifies that it is the champion of democracy with a stable political system, effective governance, and respectful of individual rights and freedom. This is evidence of an enormous impact of liberal conceptual platform that is also considered an ideology of globalization. But the past decade has highlighted some “cracks” that pose risks to American democratic system and its success.

Firstly, this paper is aimed at summarizing the material and immaterial challenges that the United States is facing today in its political, economic and socio-cultural sphere and secondly, at confirming the hypothesis that, efforts for more democracy carry within them self the risk of less liberal constitutionalism by making it clear that “democracy is being self- undermined.”

This study concludes that there is a deep gap in the American system: more democracy, but less freedom in the view of liberal constitutionalism. The danger is seen in democracy itself, on behalf of which specific groups that are given priority are in conflict with the general interests. So the more open the system, the easier it can be absorbed by parties, lobbyists or special interests. Under these circumstances, it is highlighted that liberal constitutionalism and the balance between freedom and democracy are important components in a political system.

Keywords: Democracy, liberalism, constitutionalism, developments, political system



The Role of Global Party Attributes in the Underrepresented Gender in Politics

Xhuljeta KRASTAMediterranean University, ALBANIAE-mail: [email protected]

Democracy without participation is meaningless since community participation and policy issues are a prerequisite for building a democratic system. Recognizing that participatory democracy is a form of sharing and exercising power, based on the increase of citizens’ participation in political decision making, the increase representation of women in politics as an increase of citizens’ participation of half of the world population constitutes a modest scientific contribution to the advancement of participatory democracy. The study presented focuses on the influence that some party attributes may have on increasing women’s representation in politics globally. The goal of the civic participation is to “democratize democracy”, and this cannot be achieved without a proportional division and exercise of power and responsibility from both genders directly in building the best public interest.

Keywords: Democracy, democratization, participatory democracy, gender representation, politics, party attributes


Servant leadership - Mother Teresa; the embodiment of an approach

Fejzi LILA Directorate General of Prisons - Ministry of Justice (DPB)

& University College of Business (KUB)


Referring to approaches to Leadership, most define leadership as an influential process to achieve a common goal. The process requires the leader to have an impact on the lives of those who lead, and on change in society it is imperative that the leadership bear a great deal of ethical responsibility and responsibility. Research on “orientation”, “functional” approaches, power and control, responsibility and sensitivity to their followers and their lives, suggests that leadership is not an amoral phenomenon, but rather a process of moral dimension distinct from other types of influence such as coercion. or despotic control. The servant leader includes the values, respect, justice, and characteristics that constitute the conceptualization of servant leadership. Bringing the servant leader as the nucleus of leadership proves a multi-dimensional process. According to this guiding

56 Abstracts Book

philosophy, referring to increased follower performance, organizational performance, and social impact, the typical example of this approach is Mother Teresa’s contribution to the hungry, the homeless, and to the creation of Charity Missionaries.

Mother Teresa (1910-1997) embodies the model that understands the power of the individual, influenced tremendously throughout the world, in treating society’s outcasts, people with HIV / AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. Its driving force was faith and compassion for mankind, transcending personal and religious beliefs. Mother Teresa as a great communicator, attentive, humble, caring and always in the service of people, influenced the whole world by leaving a written and translated contribution in all the languages of the world.

Keywords: Servant Leadership; Mother Teresa; Values; Social Responsibility; Society

N° 2019 Durres Int. Conf.11/04

The intellectual must be a man of high political, moral, and professional integrity

Skender DEMALIAJ Mediterranean University, ALBANIA


Albana DEMALIAJMediterranean University, ALBANIA


The Concept on Intellectual Integrity: (1) to tell right from wrong (2) to be incompatible with the wrong (3) to announce that he is doing what he thinks is right even when others disagree. The intellectual with integrity is the catalyst for the democratic processes: (1) the intellectual with integrity defends the individual’s freedom and fights for it. There are three necessary things to the individual (and especially to the intellectual one) to be free: To know what he believes, to know what he wants, to know what he does (2) the intellectual with integrity defends and tells the truth and only the truth. The intellectual that does not defend the truth is a pseudo-intellectual. Intellectual Radicalism accelerates due to the arguments and attitudes of pseudo-intellectuals (3) the intellectual with integrity has independent thinking otherwise he loses credibility before his citizens. People and structures have autonomy, ideas automatically have complete independence. Tyrants hate the independent man (4) the intellectual with integrity has the courage to say things openly without being afraid of government pressures and penalties. The intellectual is not intimidated or withdrawn, despite the consequences he may have for defending freedom, justice, and truth.

The methodology used in this study: Analytical and synthetic. In Conclusions: (1) The intellectual with integrity believes in the truth, in the people who defend the truth and the right. The pseudo-intellectual believes in the lies of power, becomes part of their conduct for positions and for financial gain (2) The intellectual with integrity believes in the doctrine and the program that serves the citizens, which helps them move forward in


the path of knowledge of democracy and the path of progress. The pseudo-intellectual believes in the doctrine and program that brings him profits and privileges…

Keywords: intellectual, integrity, truth, freedom, independence of thought, courage


Concentration of government power through reformation and legislation: the case of Albania

Belina BEDINIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, Albania


Since 2014 the left party is governing Albania as the only political force in the parliament. Actually the majority is using its power to have substantial control in two crucial sectors: higher education and local government. This tendency is taking place through the laws and bylaws that are supporting the idea of reformation. Indeed the higher education and local government are recognized as autonomous by the Constitution (respectively articles 57 and 13). In this paper we are going to analyze the aims and the novelties that actually the two reformations brought. In the same time by comparing the old and the new legislation in these sectors, we will find the real government’s intentions and the introduction of the new mechanisms of control. Likewise we will see the performance of both sectors, by comparing the official statistical data in one hand and bringing the good and not so good practices. In this way we could see how the government is using its power to have more control in sectors with constitutional autonomy.

Keywords: Reformation, autonomy, government control, regulations


Challenges of Local Government in Albania

Kozeta LIGEJAUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA

European Study Institute E-mail: [email protected]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role and functioning of local government in a democratic state. The process of European integration has strengthened the objectives of the Albanian policy in the reforms undertaken for the strengthening and functioning of local government in Albania. Through local government reforms it is sought to achieve European standards for a developed democracy in Albania. Local government faces the challenges of European standards in their functioning. Given this determination, it is worth emphasizing the practical value of this direction in the society of a particular country to prove the hypothesis.

Keywords: Democracy, European Union, Integration, Municipalities, Citizens

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The syndicate right of vital services

Julejda ALIAJ GËRXHIUniversity “Aleksandër Moisiu” Durrës, Albania

Faculty of Political Sciences and LawDepartment of Law


Abela LAMEAssistant of Efficiency

Durres Judicial District Court e-mail: [email protected]

Purpose of Work: The syndication right as well as other derivative rights in this field are regarded as

fundamental rights not only in labor law but also as fundamental human rights. The syndication right in the Labor Code of the Republic of Albania is expressly provided for in Articles 197 to 197/10 thereof. However, this Code, as well as all the Albanian legislation in force, aims at their approximation with the European legislation. Referring to this fact and the improvement and approximation of some of the articles of this Code with the European legislation the purpose of this scientific work is to identificatte of Article 197/5 as incompatible with Article 46, Article 49.2, Article 50 and Article 51 of the Constitution. The Republic of Albania, by Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR); Article 5, Article 6 and Article 31 G of the European Social Charter (ESC); with Article 2 of Convention no. 87 of the World Labor Organization; with Articles 4-6 of Convention no. 98 of the World Labor Organization; with Articles 1 and 7 of Convention no. 151 of the World Labor Organization; Article 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; with Article 8 (a), (c) and Article 8 § 2, of the Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. On the other hand, this work aims to present legal arguments regarding the rights that are violated by Article 197/5 of the Labor Code of the Republic of Albania.

Research Methods: The methodology used in this work is based on primary research, the basis of which

are research, comparative and analytical method in order to find legal alternatives for approximation of the Albanian legislation with the European Law. The jurisprudential analysis of this work is based mainly on the qualitative method as the argument for the incompatibility of Article 197/5 of the Labor Code has been taken into consideration in the specific case object of judgment by the court.

Results: The work aims to frame the elements of the syndication right as well as to identify

the legal norms the implementation of which leads to the infringement of these rights. At the end of the arguments and the legal logic is intended to provide the concrete recommendation regarding the amortization of the consequences of the implementation of the article as well as the legal recommendation regarding the approximation of this institute with the european legislation.


Conclusions: The conclusion of this work aims to a clear legal analysis of the essential elements of

the syndication right against the violated rights as result of application of Article 197/5 of the Labor Code, a disproportionate and unnecessary infringement of the syndication right, the right of collective organization and the syndication right under constitutional guarantees.

Keywords: the syndication right, approximation of legislation, incompatibility with the Constitution, judgment, violation, european jurisprudence, recommendation


Woman, the forgotten queen in history

Edlira BYLOAlbanian Chamber of Advocacy, Shkodra, ALBANIA


Plarent ANAMALI Dardania College of Pristine, KOSOVO E-mail: [email protected]

“Saints,” “prostitutes,” “foxes,” “witches,” greedy”, are epithets that history has

attributed to women in centuries, where rulers would be painted as temporary «evil”. Think of Joan d ‘Arc, burnt “for magic” or Eleanor d’ Aquitaine who fought by the side of her husband. The claim that “imbecillitas sexus” renders the woman incapable of ruling by nature is attributed to King Solomon’s writings. It looks like the story was written by men and for men. This study, through facts and research, aims to show that the history of the Albanian state does not only belong to men, but also to the history of women. At a time when women were regarded as slaves of male expectations in the world, Albania was ruled by Teuta, Queen of Illyria, who, without ceasing to be a mother and wife, successfully commanded the army and fleet; Donika of Skanderbeg, the wise wife of the leader, known as the first wife of Arberia, who will be remembered for taking care of the children of soldiers killed in the war ..... Without forgetting the Albanian queen, Mother Teresa, a symbol of altruistic peace and goodness in the world. The history of the Albanian state does not only belong to men, but we must also know the history of women. Although in the shadows, she remains the queen of destiny, as the great American writer, publicist, and thinker Mark Twain has said: “What, Sir, would the people of the earth be without woman? They would be scarce, sir, almighty scarce.”

Keywords: woman, ruler, men, history, queen, Albanian

60 Abstracts Book


Local Government in Albania and Structural Organization

Teki KURTI Ministry of Defense, ALBANIA

Central Archive of the Armed Forces E-mail: [email protected]

Local self-government in Albania is organized according to the legal provisions of Law no. 139/2015, ‘’on local self-government’’ which undertake to fulfill the obligations set forth in the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The law establishes fair relations between decentralization and centralization described through strategies and cooperation between levels of government that rely on the political system of liberal democracy as governance for the governed. The municipality is the basic unit of local self-government. It represents a dual unity hold up on the administrative-territorial and the community of residents. Towns and cities are included in the municipality. The qark is the second tier of local self-government. The prefectural administration is an intermediary unit between central government and local self-government. The governing bodies of municipalities are established based of the results of local elections. The functioning of local self-government relies on rights, responsibilities and competences, including its own competencies, delegated competences and shared competences. They are classified as (1). Rights to carry out functions (establishment of administrative structures; establishment of economic units; establishment of committees, boards and committees for the purpose of handling tasks; issuing decisions; - drafting and approving the relevant budget); (2) Rights related to the management of natural resources and capital. (3) Tax collection and distribution rights. (4) The right of a legal person. Relations between local government bodies and central institutions are based on principle of: subsidiarity, consultation, and cooperation.

Keywords: local, self-government, decentralization, subsidiarity



RELIGION, COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

& SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Chair: Ali PAJAZITI & Xhafer RAKIPLLARI


Integration of religion in education

Agim LEKAUniversity Alexander Xhuvani Elbasan, ALBANIA


Integral thinking (IT) harmonizes the scientific formation with philosophical thinking and belief. By the integrating of the religion with education creates the possibility of building IT. It is a natural connection between argument, proof and skepticism of faith in the tree of human knowledge. This model conceives integration, as the intercommunication of identities and their multiplication.

The integrating of religion into the education process is taboo, yet. Experience proves that exclusion of religion from secular education creates a dark gap in process of thinking formation. The same problematic occurs also the exclusion of religion from science and from philosophy. During the post totalitarian period the thought is transformed from ideological thought to the integral critical thinking. Meanwhile, religious terms occupy greater space in school and public communication. The media jungle prevents youth to build meaning and to select their use. The school cannot root or stop the religion. But learning knowledge about religion is not religious education and does not affect scientific formation, but a space for building human values. Faith in a religion is different from observation, critical analysis of religious fact and rationalism. The content of empirical knowledge is religious, everyday facts.

The method of developing the learning process is based on the methodology of education sciences. Public school is the safest space for informing the student about religion. The teacher is the safest professional, most responsible for learning the knowledge of religion and beliefs. The broadest consensus about the new relationship of religion

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education is indispensable. Our research is based on the study of curricular experiences and on data from consultations with students, parents and specialists. The search method is holistic and:

- Integration is understood as a process that “produces” a new identity greater than the sum of the parts.

-Genealogy of classical concepts varies throughout history and their authenticity is revealed by placing them in the context of time and space (hyperspace)

Keywords: Integral Though (IT), Education, Valuesand Integration: Religion and Science.


Is possible a Real Power of Ethics (EthicoCratia)?

Leke SOKOLIUniversity Aleksander of Moisiu Durrës (UAMD), ALBANIA

Albanian Institute of Sociology (AIS)E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Some years ago, prof. Servet Pellumbi - Academic Director of the Albanian Institute of Sociology, published the book “Ethicocracy” [Alb. Etikokracia] as Philosophical Reflection of our epoch. With the basic idea: society is evolving with unknown rates, and ‘change’ is the common denominator of today’s development. On the other hand, violence is being ‘privatized’, the development ‘enabling’ that even a single individual (the more organized groups) can create problems of global impact (as happened on 11 September 2001, in the USA). The famous idea of Robert Oppenheim - the man who led the atomic bomb project, that in this world “many things are discovered not only because they are in the interest of mankind, but simply because the science manages to discover them” is increasingly relevant. But is it possible for development to be covered with an ‘ethical veil’? Can ethics have a real power in present society? Can today’s society, and tomorrow’s society, be based on ethical standards, on the Standards of Good? These are some hypothetical questions of this paper. But, anyway, we can affirm that, in the long term, humanity will either go to ethics, or risk its existence.

In a more practical and empirical terms, this paper also examines the ethical dilemmas of the profession, using an empirical data set (n=865) of an online survey realized with Albanians from Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and the Diaspora - from America to Australia

(https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1OvRgoFFWeFRHgH7BkMKf2bN8qPT-da977t5gCqyMRx0/edit#responses). The data shows, for example, that the people believe that a Good Society is possible even in Balkans (75.1 % ‘Yes’; 25 % ‘No”), and that are ready to be engaged for that (72 % vs. 28 %) etc.

What about the Ethical Dilemmas of Profession? Asked about the quality of health care, for example, 58.9% of respondents have chosen the alternative “very concern”, 17.8% “somewhat concern” and only the difference (about 23%) gave the answer “les concern” or “no concern” Referring to Albania, these figures turn out to be worse.

But how much does ethics, or the standard of behavior, affect these assertions?

63TS 05: Religion, Collective Behavior & Social Movements

Here’s the accompanying question (No. 32) “Referring to the case of the last meeting you (you or your family member) had with a physician / health care provider, evaluate the physician’s behavior?” The answers: “Very human” – 30 %; “somewhat human” – 46%, and the rest 24% “Not at all human”. “The education of the humanity” (not only preparing the professionals”, this is the real challenge (ethical, but not only) of the education system.

Keywords: Ethics, Ethical Dilemmas of Profession, ‘ethical veil’, Standards of Good, privatization of violence, Albania


The translation movement during the golden era of islamic civilization and its scientific, human and cultural impact

Sedat ISLAMIFaculty of Islamic Studies, KOSOVOE-mail: [email protected]

During the Middle Ages, Muslim scientists played a very important role in translation and development of human sciences. This study focuses on this field and tries to show some aspects of this contribution, to confirm that Islamic Religion is based on knowledge and supports knowledge. The importance of this study is showing sciences as bridge that connects civilizations and people. More exactly, the Islamic scientific movement helped Europe find and develop her heritage. In this paper we describe historical development of translation movement, sciences that were translated, translators, role of Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) and the role of translations in human relationship between east and west and. The study’s main findings confirm merits of the Islamic civilization in field of science and knowledge.

Keywords: Islamic civilization, translation movement, house of wisdom, human sciences, Baghdad, Andalusia.


Problems of Philosophy of Religion and encounter of cultures

Mirela SINANIUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA

E-mail: mirela.sinani|@yahoo.com

Religious phenomenon is of great importance nowadays. After the rise of secularization that was a fundamental feature of the 20-th century, there is a growing interest today in our understanding of religious phenomena, known as the scientific study of religion. Religions have historically been factors of the sharp divide between

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different cultures and many times in history of humanity these divisions have been accompanied by powerful clashes: wars. For various reasons such as free movement of people, modern society of consume, advanced technology, connections to social networks, etc., opportunities for connectivity, communication, exchange of ideas, exchange of ways of thinking and of ways of lifestyles between people and different cultures have been created. Such crossings between cultures are generally accepted smoothly, peacefully, and even welcomed with enthusiasm. The point is when cultural meetings touch on the essence of religious beliefs. Philosophy of religion takes importance to clarify the misunderstandings of people of different cultures and to contribute effectively to the harmony between peoples. What are the relationships between philosophy and religion and the importance of knowing philosophy of religion today?

Keywords: religious phenomenon, philosophy of religion, cultural meetings/clashes, core of religion belief, the relation between philosophy and religion

65TS 05: Religion, Collective Behavior & Social Movements


MARRIAGE, FAMILY AND COMMUNITY

Chairs: Juljana LAZE & Oriola HAMZALLARI


Age at first cohabitation and women’s economic empowerment in Nigeria and Kenya

Bamidele OLANational Research University, RUSSIA

Higher School of EconomicsE-mail: [email protected]

Studies have shown that early marriage is negatively associated with women’s educational attainment and other significant life outcomes. However, our knowledge of possible changes in outcomes if woman cohabits early (before her 18th birthday), but still attains high education, is grossly limited. Employing the nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey data of Kenya (2014, n=17,805) and Nigeria (2013, n=22,789) involving women aged 25-49, who answered specific retrospective questions on age at first cohabitation and current socio-economic status (education, employment, occupational status, attitude towards wife beating, among others), I showed the relationship between women’s age at first cohabitation and subsequent socio-economic life outcomes.

Data analysis involved univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Descriptive statistics reveals women’s mean age at first cohabitation at national, sub-national and rural-urban residences. Fitting three multivariate logistic regression models at p-value <0.05, I explored women’s background factors possibly influencing her chances of early cohabitation exposure (that is, Girl’s Early Exposure to Cohabitation - GEEC). Secondly, GEEC is correlated with individual woman’s socio-economic outcomes in adulthood. Finally, GEEC is interacted with woman’s highest education to ascertain how life aftermath of GEEC is attenuated by highest education attainment. Results show that 31% in Kenya and 48% in Nigeria cohabited early. Living in rural areas, belonging to certain sub-national, ethnic and religious groups significantly increased

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the likelihood of GEEC. Likewise, GEEC is significantly associated with low socio-economic outcomes, but these effects are strongly attenuated by woman’s secondary education. Studies and policies should focus more on early cohabitation.

Keywords: Women, Cohabitation, Education, Life-Outcomes, Kenya, Nigeria


Marriage, family and community in the 21st Century Nigerian society

Egesi JONATHAN CHIDOMEREImo state Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji Owerri, NIGERIA


Egesi JULIET ADAKU E-mail: [email protected]

Marriage as a concept has been examined from various perspectives but more

especially by scholars of sociology and other disciplines in the social sciences. Above all, it is defined as a union between a man and a woman. Furthermore, it has to be mentioned that the products of the union between a man and a woman which is their offspring give rise to the family. Therefore, the family can be better seen as the makeup of the man his wife/wives and their children if there are. This is because many people view marriage from their perspectives or viewpoints.

Some see children as the main reason for marriage, others seen it as a secondary reason while the primary reason is companionship. That said. It is necessary to mention that the community is a make up of various families and without which the larger societies cannot be. Therefore, marriage, family and community nowhere in the world are indispensible components of the larger society. This research is necessitated by the fact that there have been certain changes in marriage patterns which now make the persistence of the society to be in doubt. And it has no be clearly mentioned that if marriages are not conducted or consummated as suppose the continuation of the human race become a doubt. Various data collection techniques were, adopted for this study as interviews, journals, questionnaire and the interview. Some theories were examined in the course of this study from which one was selected as a theoretical framework. The work concluded with the scholar asking that ideal marriages be reverted to otherwise the human race will definitely go into extinction if we disobey to this humble recommendation.

Keywords: Marriage, Family, Community, Nigeria

67TS 06: Marriage, Family and Community


Divorce of a marriage in a modern society

Kaltrina ZEKOLLI Mother Teresa University, NORTH MACEDONIA


Divorce is widespread in today’s society, with at least fifty percent of marriages ending in divorce. In modern society, more emphasis is placed on education, which determines the achievements of the individual which in turn influence the success of a society. However, divorce is still considered taboo because it has negative terms associated with it. The home that went through the divorce process is known as the “broken” home. If analyzed from a historical point of view, the reasons for divorce change from time to time. As a matter of fact, the overall development of society, within the family and between the two spouses are progressively changing. This phenomenon begins with the marriage itself as a moral, social and legal act and as a natural process, bearing in mind the fact that everything that is born will one day die and that everything that is created in a single time will one day dissolve. The reasons for the birth of the first marriage and the institution of divorce are numerous and varied in nature, ranging from those that are personal and moral-emotional, to the specific socio-cultural development of individuals or different ethnic groups, to other interests. Which are numerous and often complicated. With this acceptance, individuals may not perceive divorce as a threat to society because it alters social norms within a culture, as the negative effects are not solely caused by divorce, believing that there are other contributing factors.

Keywords: divorce, society, causes, marriage


The referral mechanisms on gender equality, reduction of gender based violence and domestic violence in Tirana municipality

Anisa SUBASHIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIA


Domestic violence against women is in Albania has cultural roots, deep-seated in traditions and customs such as strict gender identities and roles, patriarchal authority, adherence to an honour-and-shame system, and customs of hierarchal ordering within the family (UNDP, 2017). Law No. 9669, dated 18.12.2006 “On measures against violence in family relations” is designed to prevent and reduce domestic violence in all of its forms by appropriate legal measures, and to provide protection through legal means to family members who are subject to domestic violence. The law was amended on 30.09.2010 with the Law No. 10 329. One of the most important subordinate legal acts in this regard is the Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 334, dated 07.02.2011 “On the

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establishment of a nationwide cross referral system for victims of domestic violence and its way of functioning”. This act defines the referral system which must be established in each and every municipality. The aim of this study is to find out and highlight the shortcomings in the efficient functioning of the Referral Mechanisms for gender equality and reduction of gender based violence and domestic violence in the Tirana Municipality. In addition to the implementation of the National Strategy on Gender Equality, the Municipality of Tirana has direct responsibilities in this action plan, mainly in ensure the economic and social empowerment of women and men by addressing gender inequalities that lead to poverty and by promoting social inclusion and increase awareness on gender-based violence, on legal and administrative protection and support services for victims of violence and of abusers.

Keywords: Municipality of Tirana, referral mechanism, gender equality, domestic violence, awareness, social services


Social protection a guarantee for astrong family. Excursus in the Albanian Legal FramWork

Evis GARUNJAUniversity “Aleksandër Moisiu” of Durres, ALBANIA


Social service support to families is a major national concern. The legislation defines the conditions under which families in difficulties can benefit from state assistance. But the situation remains problematic. This study provided data on the concrete support offered to families with socio-economic problems by public authorities and NGOs. Data for this study were drawn from the National Social Services database, Local Government officers and active NGOs. In addition, household demographic data and data on families with socio-economic problems were collected. These data’s were compared with national census data. Legal framework and studies on this issue will help on the identification of factors, undertaken actions and mechanisms to improve the situation. Findings indicated that families in Albania are passing through difficulties on raising their children, economic and social problems caused by several factors like as unemployment, gender violence, and inequality, high standard of living, schools abandonment, migration, divorce, poverty. Mostly, families need the support of the authorities on offering them protection and help. Public and local authorities in collaboration with NGOs try to fulfill their needs, but much more need to be done. Moreover, these families are exposed to risk factors and the authority should be more vigilant to action when it’s needed. These findings underscore the importance of establishing a more rigorous interdisciplinary, scientific research agenda to inform about the necessary services on supporting the families in need. How to improve the quality of these services, the direct measures and their impact on the improvement of families lives.

Keywords: family services, social protection, legal framework, public institutions, women, children custody



The revolution of longevity and its profound consequences for every aspect of individual, community,

national and international life

Nora MALAJ University of Tirana, ALBANIA

Faculty of Social Sciences(PhD Candidate)


Mira PIRDENIAlbanian Society for All Ages, ALBANIA


Kofi Annan has given this definition of a society of all ages: “A society for all ages is one that does not caricature older persons as patients and pensioners. Instead, it sees them as both agents and beneficiaries of development It honors traditional elders in their leadership and consultative roles in communities throughout the world.” The twentieth century saw a revolution in longevity. Such a dramatic demographic transformation has profound consequences for every aspect of individual, community, national and international life. The demographic change UN urged to declare the 1999 year as the International Year of Elderly People with the theme: ‘Towards a society for all ages’, which suggests a larger focus than just older people. The theme provides an opportunity to become aware that older persons share many of the same needs and concerns we not only serve people of all ages, but we may assure a better quality of life in old age for the majority of us who, increasingly, will live to become old. The foundations for a healthy and fulfilling old age are laid very early in life both through our own decision and behavior and through wise social policy and supporting structures.

Vision of UN year influenced the establishment of ASAG - Albanian Society for All Ages, in October 28, 1999, an independent non-profit organization working to make Albania a better place for all ages. Our mission is to work with and for older people, with an accent on older women in Albania to achieve a lasting improvement in the quality of their lives. April 2002, the Political Document & International Plan of Action on Ageing was signed by 159 UN member states, as well as from the President and Albanian Government, in the second World Assembly on Aging held in Madrid.

This document aimed at strengthening the capacity of the state and the civil society to take effective measures to address the potential development and the needs of elderly dependency and at the same time support the regional and international cooperation.

All countries have made this document known in their own countries, in Albania ASAG in cooperation with the Committee on Women in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs organized sensibilizing campaign in the written and electronic media, conferences, meetings, the translation, publishing and dissemination of the “International Plan of Action on Ageing” Madrid 2002. A worldwide campaign raised the awareness on the affiliated problems faced by the elderly and sensitizes their

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governments to implement the Plan’s goals, which defines the method of responding to the elderly problems.

Albania lacks the required infrastructure and Albanian older people face: Older people comprise over 20 % of the population; Prior to the 1990’s pension values equaled 70% of the average salary, however today the value is only 30%; The field of geriatrics and gerontology is not included in University teaching programmes and curricula; Geriatric specialist services are lacking in primary care and hospital settings; Community and residential care services for aged people are out of standards and very limited; There are no structures within Government to encourage and support services, programmes and policies that will improve the quality of life for our older citizens. The paper reflects the experiences of Practical Actions, such ‘Anti-Ageism Movement” in Albania etc…

Keywords: society of all ages, revolution of longevity, Action Plan, Albania


The role of the family and its impact on groups influences at pre-university school children

Juljana LAZEUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Education, Department of SociologyE-mail: [email protected]

Pressure is defined as the group’s influence has on the individuals to change values, attitudes or behaviors, so that they conform to the rules of the group.

This study addresses very important issues especially for families which have children at pre-university school, but even for more social groups that interact with them.

Many scholars are making clear a positive correlation between the role of the family and and its impact on groups influences at schools. Problems related to this study are becoming more controversial issues than ever before in the Albanian context. Nowdays, many studies confirm that the phenomenon of group pressure is the cause of many negative and harmful behaviours.

This study intends to analyze the situation and it is addressed to teenagers and their family because adolescence remains the most vulnerable to peer pressure. So schools and parents should be recognized as well with this phenomenon to take the necessary steps to grow up healthy and well educated teenagers. Pre-university school are institutions where teenagers spend most of the time and where they meet every day with the same group of peers and interacts with them.

The information used is based on multiple sources. Data was gathered using focus groups and in depth semi-structure interviews that was analyzed using thematic analysis. Through interviews we tried to identify some of the problems associated with this study.

The main findings of the study show that the pressure group affects more teenagers that the communication in the family is weakness to the other groups of influence. As a result, this study gives a better understanding at the role of the family in the education process. Also, it contributes to the answer to the call for more quantitative and qualitative


research and at the same time argues the need for more in-depth studies suggesting a variety of challenges to practice, policy and research in this area to Albania context. We end up with an effort to reflect the conclusions emerging from the study.

Keywords: Family, pressure group, social policy, interaction, social group, social institution.


The impact of birth order on self-esteem at individuals

Diana SHEHAJRegional Hospital of Durres, ALBANIA

E-mail: [email protected] The study intends to summarize whether or not the birth rate is influenced by an

internal factor of low-esteem, as manifested in adulthood. The group involved in the study in most of it is master-level students. The student’s part of this study is 123 students. During the treatment of this topic I tried to explain the symptoms of low self esteem which affect both behavior and attitudes, which means that there is a combination of psychological and social factors, as individuals with low –esteem pose problems emotional, emotions that are reflected in all other aspects of life, such as school, work and society. Low self-esteem and the types that characterize it testify to how the individual reacts to success, criticism, compliment or failure, and all these components show how far this phenomenon is widespread nowadays.

Obviously, the family is the basis for the child’s upbringing and education, and very way we treat the children significantly impacts or raising or decreasing self-esteem.

At the end of this study: The results of hit study show no correlation between the birth and self-esteem, but this study highlights a somewhat higher self-esteem rate for the first and third children of households. And the gender does not produce significant data on the impact her self-esteem, this breaking a mentality of our country’s culture.

Keywords: Self-esteem, parents, society, children

72 Abstracts Book


INTEGRATION AND GLOBALIZATION

Chairs: Gaqo TANKU & Marsela TURKU

[Special Session: Globalization and Foreign Languages - 1]


Assessment practices impact on students’ motivation to learn

Anita MUHOUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of EducationDepartment of Foreign Languages


The main aim of this study is to analyze and present an overview of different assessment practices and their impact on students’ motivation in acquiring a second language. In addition, this study has two other aims. First, to analyze the impact of assessment practices on each factor of motivation and determine which of them has a positive impact on each factor of motivation for learning. Second, to contribute to a new assessment policy that promotes students’ motivation in second language acquisition.

This study made use of quantitative methods, we have selected the questionnaire, which was administered in 4 high schools in Durres, Albania. Quantitative data analysis has shown that when students have clear learning objectives and working models of good or poor, they understand what they need to learn, how to define their objectives and how to turn evaluated. These formative assessment practices motivate students by giving them a sense of responsibility in teaching activities. This study will contribute to help teachers using assessment as a motivating factor in second language acquisitions.

Keywords: assessment practices impact on students’ motivation to learn

73TS 07: Integration and Globalization



Enhancing the Importance of Literature to Undergraduates

in the (English) Language Program

Marsela TURKUUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA



This paper focuses on the importance of literature to undergraduates enrolled in literature courses in the department of Foreign Languages, at “Aleksander Moisiu” university in Durres. The main focus in the study is the attitude of students toward literature in general and more specifically in the study of English as a foreign language. The study’s aim is also related with the incorporation of the students’ literary preferences and the use of cinematic sequences during the introduction of a literary work to arise student’s interest, curiosity and direct them toward the original book/literary work. The results of the study will take into consideration even the student’s opinions or suggestions upon the books selected to be analysed during this term.

The overall aim of the study is to find alternative ways to enhance students’ intrinsic motivation toward literature in specific and the acquisition of a foreign language in general. The survey instruments employed in this study was a questioner administered at the second year student of the undergraduates in the department of the Foreign Languages. What is discovered at the end of the study is very interesting as it demonstrates that the use of several teaching techniques in the presentation and the analyses of a literary work employed increase the students’ chances of approaching and reading the literary work.

Keywords: Literature, authentic material, cinematic sequences, students’ intrinsic motivation

74 Abstracts Book



Globalization and its impact on culture

Alketa DUMANIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Alida TOMJAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Political Sciences and lawE-mail: [email protected]

The world we live today is deeply transformed by the global integration process that is influenced by the interchange of products, ideas, views, and other aspects of life. This transformation is taking place as the result of a phenomenon that is called globalization. Globalization is multidimensional and does not only imply economic integration, but also political, ideological, cultural and other similar aspects of integration. Nowadays, there is a great deal of discussion, even controversy taking place about this phenomenon from various perspectives in different disciplines like economy, politics and social sciences. But the impact of globalization on societies and cultures is not very often addressed. More specifically, the way globalization and particular cultures interact is under researched. The aim of this study is to explain the way globalization has affected culture. The first part of this study explains the way globalization has emerged as a phenomenon that dates back since the ancient times. The second part focuses on the impact of globalization in culture and introduces the interaction between culture and globalization. And the last part focuses on the debate concerning the enrichment or endangerment of culture by globalization from a theoretical spectrum.

Keywords: Globalization, culture, integration, interchange



Undergraduate students’ attitude toward english as a foreign language


Faculty of EducationDepartment of Foreign Languages E-mail: [email protected]

Being the language of international business, science, medicine and politics has given English the status of the global language. For this reason, more and more people are trying to learn it not only for entertaining reasons, but also for developing a successful


and sustainable career. However, the undergraduate students’ performance in English courses is low. The present study is an attempt to investigate undergraduate students’ attitude toward English as a foreign language. Ninety first year undergraduate students at Aleksander Moisiu University were subjects to this study. A questionnaire with 20 statements was the instrument used to collect data. Findings from the study reveal some of the most commonly used strategies by students to learn English as a foreign language. Furthermore, data from the study show a low level of students’ commitment to learn English. Although they are aware of English importance to their future career, yet their level of indifference toward English is high.

Keywords: English as foreign language, study strategies, level of commitment.



A comparative linguistic study of the material and spiritual world of the English and Albanian language speakers

Olsa XHINAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


In the course of the English language acquisition as a foreign language, as well as in numerous translations, the Albanian learner of English first of all faces with the lexical and semantic structure of the English language. The lexical structures of both English and Albanian language do have their peculiarities, which among other things are demonstrated in the unequal volume of lexical, semantic and phraseological richness. The creation of new words, providing immediate naming response to the multifaceted developments of the material, spiritual, intellectual and aesthetic world gives the English language the status as most powerful and influential language today. It is very important to note that this feature of English is quickly reflected in different dictionaries being published in English speaking countries, such as national explanatory and terminological dictionaries, which are the main and best suppliers of the overall vocabulary.

Even the Albanian language over the past century has experienced remarkable developments in all its aspects. These developments, which are particularly prominent in the last two decades, are featured in two directions: first, in the continuous enrichment of the Albanian language vocabulary and second, coping with the lexicon of the languages that the Albanian language is significantly in contact. This confrontation has often “rung the bells” of an alarming threat.

This comparative study which intersects both the material and spiritual as well as intellectual and aesthetic world of the English and Albanian speakers aims at throwing light on the intensive influence of English as a global language on the Albanian language in the course of time, especially after the communist regime.

Keywords: material and spiritual world, language acquisition, Albanian speakers, phrase logical richness.

76 Abstracts Book



Comparing types of written errors between students of intermediate and upperintermediate level of english

Anisa TRIFONIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Department of Foreign LanguagesE-mail: [email protected]

The main purpose of teaching a language is certainly to help students become proficient in all of the language skills. However during English classes it was observed that writing was precisely the skill where they needed specific instruction and certainly more practice. But in order to be able to help them it is important to understand what students’ weak points consist of. For this reason, the present study focuses primarily on the investigation of errors in a corpus of 70 essays handed out by two groups of students in “Aleksander Moisiu” University. The students of the first group had an intermediate level of English whereas those of the second group pertained to the upperintermediate level. All of the errors found in their essays were identified and classified into different groups.

The data was analyzed with the SPSS program. Results indicated that the most typical errors were spelling, subject-verb agreement, insufficient knowledge of grammar etc. Based on the findings it is recommended that students revise again the main grammatical issues as well as pay more attention to the vocabulary items learnt during the lesson. Furthermore, I would consider necessary explicit feedback provided by students as a way of understanding better their needs in this aspect.

Keywords: errors, English Language, intermediate level/upper intermediate level



Communicative language teaching method in second language acquisition

Olivera PRESI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


The aim of this study is to assess the use of Communicative Language Teaching Method in second language acquisition. This study made use of a case study; it was conducted at “Naim Frasheri” high school, in Durres, Albania. It made use of quantitative


and qualitative methods, using a questionnaire for the students and interviews for the teachers. Quantitative data analysis measured students’ perceptions of Communicative Language Teaching Method and qualitative data analysis measured teachers’ perception of this method. The results of study showed that teachers had a positive attitude toward Communicative, Language, Teaching Methodin English classes. On the other hand, students showed very positive attitude for the implementation of this method. They responded with a strong readiness to oversee their own learning and to make use of Communicative, Language, Teaching Method techniques.

Keywords: communicative, language, teaching method, second language acquisition



The importance TEFL in higher education albania and its influence on globalization

Miranda ENESI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Suzana SAMARXHI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA



Globalization is the process of international integration of different languages, countries, cultures arising from the interchange of world views. Due to globalization people connect with each other in the world for many reasons. The impact of Globalization is felt everywhere. English has a crucial influence on globalization. Because of globalization English is learned as a second language in an educated society and as a foreign language. Evidently, English is the medium of teaching in many schools and colleges all over the world. It is also used in scientific research, internet communication, business, cinematography. It is flexible owing to its wide range of vocabulary and continues to absorb new words every day. English has become the primary means of communication at universities and colleges and is widely used in different research areas. This paper attempts to emphasize the impact of globalization and internationalization of English language teaching as a foreign language in Higher Education in Albania where English has a far-reaching influence.

Keywords: ELT, Globalization, internationalization, influence, importance

78 Abstracts Book


The role of human capital in economic growth of a country- case study Albania

Klodian MUÇO University “Aleksander Moisiu” Durres, ALBANIA

E-mail: kmuç[email protected]

Flora MERKOUniversity “Aleksander Moisiu” Durres, ALBANIA


Alba RAMALLARIUniversity “Aleksander Moisiu” Durres, ALBANIA


Internationalization, technological innovation, and scientific research, these words are primarily evoked by economic researchers, recently, as the only option for coping with the global competitiveness which rapidly modifies the traditions and values of our society. This change includes enterprises, social and institutional assets, patterns of production and labor market characteristics. In this framework, paradoxically, it should be started from the antique, which means, from “the man”. The secret to coping with the crisis today is to put officers in the center of the enterprise, to invest, grow their knowledge and their formation through continuing education and Lifelong Learning Programs. So, nowadays employees of an enterprise shall not be considered as a factor of the economic process but as an actor, as a protagonist of it. The main objective of this study is the identification and analysis of economic policy instruments and the impact of human capital in economic growth to orient university, local handicrafts and businesses to increase cooperation to reactivate the local and national economy. To analyze the impact of human capital on economic growth, this study will be based on macroeconomic period data from 1996 to 2017 and the methodology used will be based on an empirical study.

The main findings of this study confirm the fact that investments in human capital reduce unemployment; improve the qualification, increase productivity and economic growth of Albania in long-run period.

Keywords: Human Capital, Economic Growth, Investments, Productivity, Albania



Social Inclusion for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nigeria: A Sense of Belonging among Victims of Insurgency

Abdulwahab SANIFederal Polytechnic, Bauchi, NIGERIA


The need for intervention of government and relevant stakeholders into the plight of orphans and vulnerable children is a source of concern in Nigerian society. This is due to poverty and inequality associated with child neglect, leading to child abuse, child labour as well as hawking and begging among the children that pose serious challenge requiring structural changes since family institution cannot handle it alone. Being a safe-haven to the people of North-Eastern Region of Nigeria affected by Boko-Haram insurgency, Bauchi State government introduced an agency to assist children below 18 years by giving them the opportunity to realize their full potentials of becoming productive citizens through the provision of variety of services such as: education, legal protection, psycho-social support, health, shelter, food and nutrition.

Using an oral interview and official record, data revealed that the vocational education offered an extensive programme of junior school certificate and apprenticeship for the affected children; And also a cluster of 4 political wards were selected in which a monthly financial assistance of ₦5,000 is given to the care-givers for children’s welfare. This has enabled the agency to provide intervention for 25,000 estimated children across the state. It was revealed that juvenile delinquency have been minimised among the affected children and it wasrecommended that residual model of welfare should be avoided due to policy changes in governance so as to guarantee the sustainability of the program.

Keywords: Insurgency, Orphan, Vulnerable, Delinquency, Inclusion


CHILDHOOD, YOUTH AND GENDER

Chairs: Julinda CILINGIRI & Rudina HOXHA

80 Abstracts Book


Stress and Self-esteem differences at adolescents who have both parents, or have lost one or both parents

Enerida MOLLOSMANIUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA

Faculty of Social SciencesE-mail: [email protected]

Ornela ZHILLAUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA


The aim of this study is to describe self-esteem and stress at adolescents who have both parentsor have lost one or both of them. These characteristics are measured using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale which is a ten item Likert Scale with items answered on a four point scale, from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The other instrument is the PSS-10. The PSS-10 is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the perception of stress. It is a self-report instrument consisting of 10 items .The PSS-10 measures how “uncontrollable”, overloaded and unpredictable respondents find their lives “.Each of the items on the PSS-10 are rated on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). The sample of this study consists of 250 high school adolescents on Tirana periphery, (n=115) males and (n= 135) females, aged between 16- 18 years old. According to the findings of this study, there are higher levels for the ability to cope with personal problems (M=4.31, Ds=.90). This means that adolescents in this study are often able to cope with their problems .On the other hand they are never unable to control the most important things in their lives (M=2.32,Ds=1.3) .

Results on self-esteem show that ggender differences are higher among boys than among girls. Other results on self-esteem show a mean score (M=21.97) and Sd=4.43 which indicates an average selfesteem level at over 21 points . Correlations show a negative relation between adolescent-stress and self-esteem (r = -.518, p≤.01).

Keywords: stress, self-esteem, adolescent


Student attachment to school andmisbehaviors in middle and high school

Julinda CILINGIRIUniversity “Aleksandër Moisiu” of Durres, ALBANIA


Adolescent misbehaviors, such as substance use, irregular school attendance, and criminal behavior very often begin to appear and develop in school settings. There is

81TS 08: Childhood, Youth and Gender

an extensive scientific evidence that argues about the importance of the school, as an formal education system, but also as a socializing actor, indicating that students who develop early a stable and positive bond with the school staff and peers are more likely to perform well academically, to feel secure and supported and to desist from misbehaviors and conflictual relationships in school. To explore the perception and experiences of students about factors related to school, a survey was conducted with 1300 middle and high school students of 13-17 years old, from a sample of Durres, Tirana and Elbasan public schools. Students were also asked to report the onset, incidence and frequency of various problematic behaviours. Particularly three areas were explored; the perception about the relation with teachers, school commitment and school grades. Students of middle schools had more probability to have been engaged and in an earlier age in bullying behaviour and substance use, starting with smoking, then alcohol and hashish. More boys (with no age differences) and the students from the schools in rural areas reported of no or poor support from the teachers and low commitment in class. Further analysis excluded low grades as being directly related or predicting the probability of student misbehavior, nevertheless, this might strongly indicate student low motivation and poor teacher support and disengagement and the negative effects have the tendency to cumulate into school dropping and other misbehaviors.

Keywords: Student misbehavior, substance use, school attachment, school commitment, adolescents


Challenges of the albanian youth in decission making through the patriarchal tradition

Enkelejda CENAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIA

Department of Sociology, Faculty of EducationE-mail: [email protected]

Rudina HOXHA University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Department of Sociology, Faculty of Education E-mail: [email protected]

For more than 20-years Albania society has been struggling with different challenges in her difficult way towards the development and progress. Since the fall of the communist regime, Albanian society has entered a transition period that has not finished yet, facing a lot of changes in the social, economical and political lives of the Albanian people. Aside from the challenges and vigorous changes through the last two decades, the Albanian society is still considered as dominated by the patriarchal tradition. Patriarchal elements and gender inequality issues that arise from it are felt almost in every sphere of people’s life in Albania, e.g., in education, politics, decision making, family sphere, etc. Youth activism plays an important role in the development and the progress of the Albanian society considering that young people in Albania make up 70% of the population (Council

82 Abstracts Book

of Europe, 2010). The lack of youth involvement in decission making is one of the most sensitive and important issue for albania society to face and challenge.

Through the gathering of quantitative and qualitative data, in this article is aimed to investigate opinions and realities on how patriarchal mentality affects the different areas of decision making of youth life (like: education, marriage, politics, decision making inside and outside of family life), by bringing the case of youth in Kukes Region. Besides being one of the regions with the highest range of poverty levels, the highest rates of unemployment and other social issues that make the life of the inhabitants difficult and induce them to leave, through this article is argued that patriarchal tradition is one of the main factors that affect the lack of youth involvement in decision-making, be it in family sphere or the public one.

Keywords: Youth; decision making; youth involvement; patriarchal society; gender issues


Establishment of educational institutions in Albania during 1945 - 1963 for children with disabilities

Orneda GEGA HOXHAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


This article will present historical events about the construction of Educational Institutions for children with disabilities in Albania from 1945-1963. This initiative started exactly in 1948, when the Executive Committee sent a letter to the Education Section in the cities of Tirana, Berat, Gjirokastra, Korça, Vlora, Durres, Shkodra, Elbasan and Saranda, announcing that “soon the Albanian Red Cross will open a new orphanage for children with severe physical disabilities such as (dumb, blind, etc.), who are not able to provide a better life without any help even when they grow up”. Thereafter the Council of Ministers with the Decision No. 46, on 15 / XII / 1962 “On the Opening of the House of Mentally Disabled Children”, decided on the first quarter of 1963, to open in Tirana the Home of Mentally Disabled Children, with approximately 100 beds to accommodate mentally retarded children aged from 3-14.

Following the decision of the Council of Ministers, with the proposal of the Ministry of Education and Culture, on the draft decision were listed the articles related to the opening of the Institution, the conditions of acceptance of children, the duration of teaching, the purpose and on the fourth year the division of this Institution in two special sections, the Institution for the Blind and the Institution for the Deaf children. In 1963, the Ministry of Education sent the protocol for the opening of special schools for the deaf children to the Directory of School Publication of Tirana. The opening of such institution it is a necessity in Albania, reports the Ministry of Education and Culture, due to the fact that in our country, referring the statistics of 1960, there are about 190 deaf children and about 90 blind children aged from 5-14, but the shortage of professionals has caused delays in the opening of this Institution. The purpose of this institution was that within 9 years the children of these schools, in addition to the general culture, would also receive vocational


training and acquire a certain profession such as carpenter, networker, tailor, telephonist, musicians, teachers for the blind kids, etc. The decision to open the Institute for the Teaching and Education of Deaf and Mute Children was taken with the resolution no. 160 dated 29.04.1963. After this decision, a telegram was sent to all the cities of Albania to send children with disabilities to this Institution. Following this decision, the internal regulations of the Institute for the Deaf and Mute Deaf were established.

Keywords: educational institutions, children with disabilities, education, integration


The impact of European standards on women’s rights, non-discrimination and gender equality

Brikena DHULIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


The concept of equality before the law, in most modern democracies, excludes any possibilities of discrimination of origin, ethnicity, social status, sex, religion, etc. It is precisely this concept that forms the basis of the democratic development of an emancipated society. Non-discrimination is found in all international acts that are focused on human rights. Human rights are first and foremost essential rights for people of any nationality, country, sex, ethnic origin, color, religion, language or any other status, intertwined and interdependent with each other. The universality of these rights is a very important principle, which brings States to lawfully promote political, civil, economic, social and cultural rights, including women’s rights. The analyzes of the legal basis at international, regional and European level regarding women’s rights and in particular those related to gender equality and non-discrimination are of great importance.

Keywords: definition of equality, international acts, discrimination, non-discrimination, political rights


Case report: Incompetence of justice system in Albania to solve a case of a child in street situation

Redona RUSTEMAJTirana Municipality, ALBANIA


Child maltreatment research suffer from an overreliance on clinical samples; which means the result cannot be generalized to entire population. We represend a case when a generalized malfunction of society is a key problem that would solved our case. But, in developing countries, as Albania:institutional issues; legal system judiciary faces

84 Abstracts Book

many problem and a widespread lackof confidence and eficassity in treatment of child maltreatment. In our case, the child was a victim of trafication, and he was abussed, used as a drog dealer , prostitution tutor, and assist in thief. This case was presented as a child living in street and were a lot of children , in the same situation. Child’s parent didn’t have possibility to protect the child because they were living in a poor district. The court decided to give the child to his parent living him on the same situation.

Keywords: hild protection, childreen in street situation, justice system, CPU



WORK, PROFESSIONS AND ORGANIZATION

Chairs: Ramiola KALEMI & Merlina POGRAZHA


Job motivation, work-life balance and flexibility mediating role

Eralda ZHILLAUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA


Anxhela TANASICAE-mail: [email protected]

This study examines the relationship between work flexibility, motivation and the balance of work among the employees, looking at related variables and demographic factors such as gender, age, and civil status. The main purpose of this study is to describe and identify the relationship between flexible schedules, job motivation and work-life balance, as well as to explore the advantages of flexibility within the organization and to investigate the relationship between flexible work and employee motivation.

Initially the literature reviewed was a survey of the previous studies measuring these variables. After creating the base of the theory and reviewing many literature, a thorough research was conducted on the appropriate instruments for each variably. The instrument was originally translated from English to Albanian consulting with the language expert, then going through the pilot phase where it was piloted at 15 employees and were made necessary corrections. Moreover, the study was conducted in Tirana therefore, its findings will offer the biggest contribution in its most developed industry, which is the industry of services. The data was collected from a sample of 110 participants. Of them, 51.6 % were females, whereas 48.4% were males. The reliability of the three instruments was high.

The results of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between flexibility

86 Abstracts Book

and motivation of the employees. It also turns out that there is a relationship between work-life balance and motivation of employees. From the findings of the study it turned out that there was no relationship between flexibility and work-life balance among the employees. The results supported all hypotheses which will be discussed in details further in this paper work together with other parts of the study including its limitations and recommendations for other studies in the future.

Keywords: job motivation, work-life balance, flexibility, organization


Fastip as an employment guarantee

Marsida VISHKURTIUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Arjola MITAJUniversity Eqrem Çabej of Gjirokastra, ALBANIA

Faculty of EconomyE-mail: [email protected]

Klodian MUÇOAleksander Moisiu University,


There is a wide support in both academic and entrepreneurial world that exist a lack of correspondence between university education and the competencies required from enterprises when students entry into the labor market. To reduce this distance and stimulate the rapid employment of graduates, various scholars have suggested the use of instruments and methodologies in order to alternate education with job requirements. Such an alternative form is best reflected at the Faculty of Integrated Studies with Practice.

Given the above facts and the widely supported affirmation in the economic literature that innovation finds its “roots” in the formation and e-learning within the enterprise as well, in this study it will be analyzed the time needed to find a job by dual studies graduates and traditional system students in general. There will also be an assessment of the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors that influence the performance in Albanian labor market, as well as unemployment rate among young people with a university degree. The aforementioned objectives are intended to highlight and identify the advantages and disadvantages of dual studies. In this paper, a review of the existing literature on dual studies will be presented, to proceed later with a statistical descriptive analysis as well as an empirical analysis. The expected result of this study is the fact that dual studies “guarantee” employment in certain sectors of

87TS 09: Work, Professions and Organization

the economy. The limits of this paper consist on the difficulty to find proxy variables for the empirical model and the lack of relatively long time series in order to have a robust empirical model.

Keywords: Dual Study Employment, FASTIP, E-learning, Albania


A sociological approach to understanding social entrepreneurship as a social value in Albania context

Juljana LAZEUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Education, Department of SociologyE-mail: [email protected]

Social entrepreneurship has become an important research area in social modern societies. At international level, studies in this field are very rich where special issues of several journals have focused on social entrepreneurship and have been created especially to deal with this and closely related issues. In Albania context is nearly absent in academic research until the end of the 1990s, because of the context of the country, but social entrepreneurship is still absent in academic research. Although there is no widely accepted definition of social entrepreneurship, it can be understood as an intercessor that combines social purpose with the spirit of the entrepreneur.

The purpose of the study is to highlight the importance of the need to understand the nature of social enterprises. So, the study aims: a) to compare what social entrepreneurship vs. traditional ones is; b) to contribute to the role of social entrepreneurship as an added value agents in the social sector; c) to contributes to the answer to the call for more quantitative and qualitative research and at the same time argues the need for more in-depth studies suggesting a variety of challenges to practice, policy and research in this area to Albania context.

The information used for this study is based on a variety of sources, considering the nature of it. To the purpose of this research is used a qualitative research, as the focus of the study was the description and exploration of the model, situation and challenges of social enterprise in our country. The main findings of the study show that in Albanian context, social enterprises are seen as hybrids at the end of their (non) profitable goals, and the social value they create depends on the motive of entrepreneurs. As a consequence, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the factors that distinguish social enterprises from their commercial counterparts.

As a result, this study gives a better understanding at the role of the social entrepreneurship in the society. Also, it contributes to the answer to the call for more quantitative and qualitative research and at the same time argues the need for more in-depth studies suggesting a variety of challenges to practice, policy and research in this area to Albania context. We end up with an effort to reflect the conclusions emerging from the study.

Keywords: Social entrepreneurship, challenges, social values, context, sociological approach

88 Abstracts Book


Job satisfaction among teachers in public high schools in Albania

Enida KUMEUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


This study uses interview data from 215 teachers in public high schools. A structured questionnaire was used for the online interview, the main part of which consisted of questions from which were generated the 19 independent variables with 5-point Likert. Gender, age, and seniority as teachers were treated as independent variables. Overall Job Satisfaction (OJS) was used as the dependent variable. OJS among teachers in public high schools was statistically influenced (p <0.05) by 11 variables. By importance they can ranged: Job satisfaction with pupils, salaries, work environment, community assessment, overtime engagement, occupational challenges, teamwork, training and career opportunities, quality of training, communication with the leaders. Policies aimed at enhancing OJS among teachers in public high schools should be designed keeping in mind the gender and age of teachers. Policies should depending on the professional experience of teachers. In these policies, particular attention should be paid to the salaries, capacity building and quality in training, environmental improvement interventions and communication.

Keywords: Job satisfaction, teacher, public high school

89TS 09: Work, Professions and Organization


THEORETICAL, COMPARATIVE,

REGIONAL AND HISTORICAL STUDIES

Chairs: Enver BYTYCI & Jak SIMONI


An Analysis of Catholic Male Workforce Trends: The Philippines as a Case Study

Brian CONWAYMaynooth University, IRELANDE-mail: [email protected]

The Catholic Church – at least in most parts of the first-world – increasingly faces a priest shortage problem. This has significant consequences for the church’s organisational functioning, not least because it threatens the continuance of the church’s key sacramental traditions. In light of this, this paper uses historical case pattern analysis to examine Catholic male workforce trends in the Philippines – a large Catholic-majority country in Asia – in the 1950-2010 time period.

Using church data for three types of church personnel, I identify the following empirical trends: (1) ordinations to the diocesan priesthood in the Philippines went into decline, especially after Vatican II; (2) the religious priest workforce has declined and (3) from the late 1960s, there has been a reduction in the religious brothers workforce. As a corrective to the dominant focus of the extant literature on large-scale social processes in understanding changing structural realities, I develop an theoretical framework emphasizing the impact of internal and external events in influencing labor market trends. Thus, I attempt to relate these trends to an in-depth historical analysis of church and societal dynamics in the Filippino case.

Keywords: Catholicism historical workforce theory Philippines

90 Abstracts Book


From society of reason to the society of the crowd effect

Aida GOGAUniversity of Tirana, ALBANIA

Department of Philosophy; Faculty of Social Sciences E-mail: [email protected]

Fatjon LAMIDepartment of Philosophy; Faculty of Social Sciences


People differ from the way they live, to the relations they have with the circumstances of life and the meaning they give to it. Public life is not only political but also intelectual, moral and religous. On one hand we have a point of view like that of Ruso’s where it states that people can not bring new forces to life, but can only join and manage the ones that already exist. On the other hand we have the point of view of other authors like Gustave Le Bon, Zigmund Frojd and Jose Ortega Y Gasset, where they transmit this union as e crowd, and by defining the crowd as a human custom or just something profoundly engraved in the human nature. Ortega’s formulations of the crowd is as e consenquence of the fact that life itself isn’t enough, thus the human being suffers. According to Le Bon if the person in the crowd is the same as the others, then it’s posible for the crowd to be considered as a single subject, therefore it is just for it have made a psycological alanalysis usually reserved for individuals.The analysis between this components, individual and society concludes that a society wich loses many of the personality of each individual, because we can say in a way that for the individual in the crowd has no purpose. This makes for many questions about the future and the biggest fear stands in the fact that the crowd keeps or acquiring even the few people left who still have the desire to change and progrres with their life.

Keywords: Individual, society, crowd, life


Social trajectory in urban space; Representations of Galati city

Lumanita IOSIFDunărea de Jos University of Galati, ROMANIA


The 1989 revolution in Romania has brought both economic and social changes. The post-communist transformations imply thorough social processes which are to be found in all subsystems of the Romanian society. The general hypothesis of this paper is to highlight the represantations regarding Galati city by examined the social mobility of people living in the same neighborhood. The empirical data are formed of the interviewees’ discourses which mainly focused on the residential trajectories, the consequences of rural-urban/urban- rural migration and the socio-spatial representations of suburbs of Galati. Our research may constitute a valuable insight for the authorities which should

91TS 10: Theoretical, Comparative, Regional and Historical Studies

get involved in establishing proper social policies to be implemented. Our indicators of the quality of life perceived by the habitants and the vulnerable points highlighted in our analysis may direct these local and national authorities towards a targeted population.

Keywords: Social mobility, urban space, suburbs, socio-spatial representation, social policies


The theoretical life by Aristotle

Jak SIMONIUniversity Aleksander Mosiu Durres, ALBANIA


Risvan TERSHALLAUniversity Aleksander Mosiu Durres, ALBANIA


The well-known greek philosopher, Aristotle, had wide-ranging interests in the field of cognition, and his achievements in rhetoric, metaphysics, physics, logic, ethics, politics, etc., constitute a valuable contribution to future generations. He divided the sciences into two major groups: while the first group included the sciences that were possible, or the practical sciences, which included ethics and politics, and the poiethical ones that included the productive, the second group included the sciences that have as their object the necessary and the purpose of truth, called theoretical, which includes mathematics, physics and the first philosophy. Ethically Aristotle considered the problem of what was the good life of man. He came from three types of life: Edonistic life, which aims at bodily pleasure; a life aimed at honor, prestige, and a theoretical life aimed at knowing the truth. In this article we will compare, we can say paradoxically, today’s man with the goal of enriching by any means, legal or not, and consumption, reducing himself to what he consumes with man of the aforementioned values, mainly by man whose purpose is theoretical life.

Keywords: Aristoteli, theoretical life, edonistic life


Partisan politics at the end of World War II in the view of the German documents

Teki KURTI Ministry of Defense, ALBANIA

Central Archive of the Armed Forces E-mail: [email protected]

The positioning of partisan politics during the Second World War in Albania brought postwar history with the establishment of a totalitarian system, the consequences of which

92 Abstracts Book

continue to accompany us till today. German documents drafted by military and political specialists, help illuminate the positioning of political and military forces in Albania at the end of World War II. They give us the opportunity to make a scientific analysis of what was really the position of the Albanians on the side of the allies and on the side of the invaders. From the German documents we note that in the government led by Rexhep Mitrovica there were three representatives from the National Front organization and one representative from the organization of Legality. The National Liberation Organization as a revolutionary organization, which had at its core an active nationalist youth, which, from its anti-Italian stance, was termed a communist, so this tendency led them to the communist, unite, increasing under the communist influence.

The National Front collaborated with the Germans, partly openly and partially secretly in order that if allies will be disembarked, they could make a turn and gain allied support. The Legality Organization (Zogists) was againt the idea to fight the Germans since the Albanians would be weakened by the war and independence doesn’t worth to them.

Keywords: political organizations, national liberation organization, zogists, communist, Germans


Historical overview of the American education system between two world wars and today

Jani SOTAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Education, Department of PedagogyE-mail: [email protected]

I have chosen this topic, due to my expertise in the history of education and pedagogical ideas, one of the fields of study is that of American education and culture and English influence on us. Another important reason is the great scientific discoveries and technological- revolutions from 1947 to 1994, which were crucial to humanity in general, thanks to education. I was also concerned about the idea of learning more about the development and characteristics of today’s education in the US. Certainly, most of us know less about education and schools in this country during the years between the two world wars and after 1945. One of the reasons is that is not written much about US in Albania, especially before 90s. American thinking and activity attracts not only because this problem is not treated in pedagogical sciences, especially in Albania, but even though from American pedagogical legacy can be learned a lot by considering the interplay of problem and chronological criterion. There are many core foundations and factors of the development of education in American society. In this paper are highlighted the following moments and preconditions of this education: a) Historical development of schools and education in USA in the period of study and importance of this heritage; b) Rapid economic, technological and scientific-cultural development of the country after 1947, constitutional documents and legal acts on education, c) social changes, demographic structure and migrations of different people towards this developed country; and d) “Marshall” Plan, which started in a meeting on 5 June 1947 in Paris, attended by 16


European countries. Analyzing these factors, we come to the most credible scientific results that the United States is today the place of learning, work, major changes, developmental tendencies, and more and more the birth of technical intelligence.

Keywords: Educational system, school, economics, science, technology, culture


Social Cohesion: The link between social cohesion and social capital

Rudina HOXHAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Enkelejda CENAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu Durres, ALBANIA

Department of Sociology, Faculty of EducationE-mail: [email protected]

The theoretical starting point of this paper is the concept of social cohesion which is in the focus of international organizations, academics and policymakers. This paper is an effort to explore the theoretical background of social cohesion. It also aims to explore the interrelationship between social cohesion and social capital. In the first section of this article is aimed to explore the efforts for the definition of social cohesion. We aim to explain why social cohesion is in the focus of international organizations and policy makers today. Next part of the article aims to explore the links between the concept of social cohesion and social capital and it reviews the importance of social capital to social cohesion. The methodology of this article is theoretical one in a comparative background. This paper does not provide definitive answers to the questions it raises, but it analyses the concepts of social cohesion in the context of social policies in contemporary societies.

Keywords: Youth; decision making; youth involvement; patriarchal society; gender issues


The contribut of Azis Pacha Vrioni in the process of state-building

Majlinda LICI (KOCI)University Eqrem CABEJ of Gjirokastra, ALBANIA


The process of state-building in Albanian territories during 1912-1914 was deeply based on the contribution, the activity and the disposition of a large number of personalities. In addition to the noted political figures such

94 Abstracts Book

as Ismail Qemali, Luigj Gurakuqi, Pandeli Cale etc. who were unified and personified with the Declaration of Independence, the most important event for Albanians, did not lack other figures and actors of the national cause that would be an integral part of the political elite of this time. One of them was Azis Pacha Vrioni. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of Aziz Pacha Vrioni from the beginning of the Vlora’s temporary government activity to its end. Azis Vrioni had been devoted to the national affair since his stay in Turkey, initially during his education at the University of Istanbul and then as a member of Turkish parliament. His activity, launched during the years that he stayed in Turkey, would be intensified during the years 1910-1912, where it was evidenced that he was a participant in the uprising of Kosovo and at the meeting of the personalities of Albanian political life in Istanbul in 1912. But, of course, our attention to this paper will be focus on the great contribution that Azis Pacha Vrioni had given after the declaration of Albania’s Independence. It would be one of the supporting pillars of the Vlora government run by Ismail Qemali, holding the post of Berat Prefect and then the Minister of Finance. In this paper it will not be left without being analyzed the role that played Azis Pacha Vrioni in organizing the country’s defense against the attacksof the Greek army. He would made constant efforts to save the Prefecture of Berat from the harsh condition in which the Balkan War had led it. This paper is based on the archive documents, historical data, monographs, articles and periodicals of Albanian and foreign scholars. The descriptive and analyzing methods were used to highlight the work of Azis Vrioni in the foundations of an independent Albanian state and its administrative organization.

Keywords: activity, contribution, personality, national issue, Prefecture of Berat


Education, the key element to develop a country

Eduart LIKA Re/max Plus, ALBANIA


Education is seen as a key element for developing a country. No wonder, in almost of our entire country’s history, in all the conquests, to keep oppressing a people in its extreme poverty, closing and stopping any kind of education was the most widely used one. After the liberation, significant changes and improvements took place throughout the education system. If on the eve of World War II, 90 percent of the population was illiterate, from CENSUS 2011 data illiteracy results 2.8 percent. This level of illiteracy is more influenced by older age groups over 75 years of age. Throughout the 45 years of the dictatorial regime there was an increase in the number of students, teachers and lecturers among the higher schools and universities. Many of these students educated in Albanian high schools and universities and lecturers working in them and in various research institutions were included by the great wave of political, economic and social changes that Albania passed after 1990 and of course, this kind of frantic emigration would lead to the removal of the Albanian intellectual elite. Undoubtedly, the education and training of Albanian emigrants in their homeland would bring their integration in


the host countries into a record time becoming in this way the “rescuers” of the Albanian economy during the transition period and certainly even today.

Keywords: Population, Family, Education, Remittances


The uprisings of 1910-1912 against the Ottomans and the increasing role of the Albanian factor

Edit BREGUWisdom University College, ALBANIA

Law FacultyE-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

The issue and the Albanian factor have been present in the Balkans and the events that were taking place at an early age, but came on the rise and were significantly strengthened at the end of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century. But despite this, ever since the creation of the Prizren League on June 10, 1878, three days before the Berlin Congress was held, Albanians have shown that they would not stand aside but they will turn as an important factor into the Balkan region. Members of the Istanbul Committee were of the opinion that the totality of the Albanian lands could only be protected if the war were based on the principle of nationality and led to the securing of Albania’s autonomy. Meanwhile, the Sultan sent his army to dissolve the League of Prizren, after three years of its activity. But more clearly the presence and role of the Albanian factor in the region surfaced during the armed uprisings of 1910-1912, with the intention of liberating the Albanian lands from Ottoman Empire, proclaiming autonomy and subsequently independence and the creation of an independent Albanian nation state. The Catholic minority was the first to start the revolt, but since the spring of 1910 the uprisings have spread to all lands inhabited by Albanians. In these uprisings the Albanians clearly displayed and affirmed their ideal and national identity.

Keywords: Balkans, congress, uprising, autonomy, war, independence, etc


Interpretations on Ethnic Conflict: Key Theoretical Paradigms

Rudina HOXHA University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


This paper represents an attempt to present a conceptual framework of ethnic conflict at a theoretical level. This study attempts to identify some of the theoretical paradigms to clarify analytically and modestly contribute to conflict analysis. My view is that each

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of the theories presents its own view on the factors of the emergence and escalation of conflict, however none of the theories is particularly sufficient to explain the origin and the dynamics of ethnic conflict and yes each of these theories has its own contribution of understanding this phenomenon. Perhaps suggesting a theoretical framework that incorporates the strengths of each of these major theories to present how all these factors can be intertwined to better understand the emergence of ethnic conflict and to improve policy intervention efforts in specific contexts in which occur.

Keywords: Ethnicity; ethnic conflict; theoretical paradigms; violence


Is thinkable, thinking No-Comparatively?[Comparative Studies in Modern Society]

Leke SOKOLIUniversity Aleksander of Moisiu Durrës (UAMD), ALBANIA

Albanian Institute of Sociology (AIS)E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

In The Happiness Manifesto (Nic Marks et al.), confirming that “Much of modern life is based upon a false logic, a logic that assumes that happiness and well-being come only from financial prosperity” is given the so called Seven Strategies of the Nations for their development and their Happiness. One of them is: “Measure and Compare”. In the modern society the Comparison System is extremely sophisticated. Global comparative Indices, such as: Human Development Index (HDI), GDP Index, Democracy Index, Index of Economic Freedom, Global Peace Index, PISA (Program for International Student Assessment, and many and many others, are the very proof that the comparative method is among the most important. Even the process of the integrations (such as European Integration) is principally a process of comparing and developing, based on the European Standards.

This paper examines the practical use of the comparative method in the strategy of the development of the countries. From this point of view, the results of using ‘the comparison’ are still moderate. One significant example is the comparison of Albania and Kosovo, two states with one people, with the same strategy of European integration, and intending to be every near with each other in all aspects. Comparing the Political System and Constitutions of both countries, as well as Electoral Systems, the Structure of Governments (Ministries), Foreign Policy and Diplomacy, Economic Models and Tax System, Education System and respective laws, or/and other Indexes of the Development – results that there are more propaganda than real engagement to go together towards A Common [Single] Political Area (economic and social, as well).

Based on this analysis, the author concludes that a (one-year) comparative study project is indispensable, finalizing with the November 2020 International Interdisciplinary Conference: “Comparative Studies in Modern Society; Balkans in European and Global Context”

Keywords: Comparative Studies, and Methods, Albania and Kosovo, Measure and Compare Strategy



Transition of Social Institutions and Social Values In Albanian Society: Crises Or Challenges of New (Modernity) Manner of Lifestyle



Ornela TABAKUBeder University, ALBANIA


Sociological theories refer social institutions as the main components that form the structure of societies. Main function of social institutions is to get maintain of the social order, transition of culture and its components through generations, to set goals in formation of norms, values and social rules, etc. Classical sociological theories, categorized social institutions in seven most important (family, education, economy, governmental system, medical system, military system and religion) and the emergencies institutions (appear to society regarding to the contemporary conditions and wills).

Societies that face drastically political, economical, cultural and social changes, and long term transition influence on social order, disorder of social institutions and social values. For more than last three decades, Albanian society is facing the collapse of social order, continuing of old social institutions structure by adopting/forming new functions, drastically changes of social values and social rules. Consisting on these issues, this study aims to analyze transition of social institutions and social values by measuring opinions of youth in Albania. This study aims to figure out the manner of lifestyle of youth, as challenges of transition to the social institutions and values. Study is field research based, having university students as champion, and quantitative research approach.

Keywords: Transition of Social Institutions; Social Values; University Youth; Albania

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DEVIANCE, CRIMINOLOGY,

PUBLIC HEALTH AND SECURITY

Chairs: Alma GOLGOTA, Violeta ZANAJ & Enkelejda CENAJ


Application and efficiency of out-of court settlement in procedures for youth in conflict with the law

Katarina SKOKOUniversity of Zagreb, CROATIA

Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law E-mail: [email protected]

Rozana PETANIUniversity of Zadar, CROATIA

Department of pedagogyE-mail: [email protected]

The content of this paper is aimed at presenting a special obligation of an out-of-court settlement in Croatia. The aim is to explain in more detail way the characteristics, application, and course of the out-of-court settlement itself and it’s effectiveness. The out-of-court settlement is an alternative to the formal court process and is applied in proceedings for young people in conflict with the law. The State Attorney’s Office decides whether to go into the out-of-court settlement process at all if there are assumptions for imposing it. An out-of-court settlement is a short-term intervention in which, with the help of a mediator, the suspect and the victim jointly come to an agreement that is appropriate for both sides. Whether an out-of-court settlement fulfills its purpose and how effective it really is, the results of the evaluations so far are the best answer. They show that the entire process was successfully completed in over 80% of cases, which means that full compensation or repair of the damage caused by the crime was made. While the most common duration of a successful out-of-court settlement is 1 to 3 months

99TS 11: Deviance, Criminology, Public Health and Security

(65%). Because of these results, we can see the success of the out-of-court settlement, which, as an alternative, gives young people in conflict with the law the opportunity to deal with their own mistakes and their consequences. Also, this is the most effective way to develop the prosocial behavior of young people.

Keywords: out-of-court settlement, youth in conflict with the Law, implementation, efficiency


Social policies to prevent the phenomenon of trafficking

Aurora BALUKJA(PhD Candidate)


Juventina NGJELA(PhD Candidate)


Human trafficking is a very complex phenomenon and is considered a form of organized crime. In relation to this activity, law enforcement institutions face widespread problems, which begin by identifying criminal activity, identifying victims of trafficking, thorough investigation of the case, bringing to justice the abusers but also providing services by local institutions to victims of trafficking. In order to respect the fundamental human rights and freedoms, as provided for in the Constitution, also comes the criminal legislation. Protecting the dignity of the individual is an essential element in some of the criminal offenses envisaged as such in our legislation. Early identification of victims of trafficking and persons at risk for trafficking is the cornerstone in successfully preventing trafficking in human beings.

States should establish and enforce effective policies and programs to prevent trafficking in human beings by means of: research, information, awareness and education campaigns, social and economic initiatives, and training programs, especially for sensitive to trafficking persons and for professionals interested in the issue of human trafficking. During this paper, efforts have been made to identify the main problems related to the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings by addressing them both in terms of policies, even seeing the progress of this phenomenon in relation to the new dimensions of the legal, social and political development of our country. But cooperation with national and international institutions and organizations is important in preventing this phenomenon. The role of institutions and social policies are important both in preventing this phenomenon and in providing services to victims of trafficking.

Keywords: Human trafficking, protection, country of origin, country of destination, victims of trafficking, etc.

100 Abstracts Book


Social institutions in contemporary society for the education of road safety as the challenge of the decade 2021-2030

Drita HIMAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Professional StudiesDepartment Engineering and Marine Sciences


Elma KODRAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA



Blerta GËRMËNJIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA



It is well known that traffic accidents are of high importance to the public health spectrum and to socio-economic around the world. The WHO report for 2018 shows that in road accidents there were 1 350 000 dead (one dead every 24 seconds), 54% of which belonged to vulnerable groups (3% cyclists, 28% motorcyclists and 23% pedestrians) ) that low-income countries own only 1% of the world’s 13% of the world’s deadly car park, while high-income countries own 40% of this park and have only 7% of the dead, that in developing countries such as Albania, the mortality rate from road traffic accidents is quite high compared to other BE countries. Statistics show that far more people are injured or die in traffic accidents than are afflicted by any of the most serious diseases. The very high occurrence of traffic accidents in Albania has become one of the country’s major social issues.

This “Work” is devoted to the role that “social institutions” should have in the contemporary society for “road safety” education as a challenge for the decade 2021-2030 and how the political transport options in principle as the “key” of the developing economy are controlled over implementation of the tire of feasibility. Increased traffic accidents in Albania have become one of the country’s key social issues. The importance of human factors in transport policy discussion is growing. In recent years, having understood the serious effects of traffic accidents on society at large, scientific researchers, traffic engineers and policy makers have developed many projects and conducted research in the field of traffic safety. The human factor is also considered to be the central element in the whole system. The final goal is to organize a traffic environment that is convenient and safe for road users.

Keywords: Traffic safety, Risk analysis, Driver behavior, Human factor, Cause-and-effect chain



Analysis of Road Safety on the Secondary Road Network in Albania

Luiza LLURIUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty Professional StudiesDepartment of Engineering Sciences & Marine


Alma GOLGOTA University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA



Fatal and injury accidents increase as traffic congestion increases. Congestion is a well-known traffic problem, in particular on motorways. On the secondary road network, the same problem arises when traffic volume increases. To evaluate the effect of congestion on road accidents, it is of importance to measure traffic congestion correctly. Overall traffic congestion has a negative impact on road safety. Increased traffic congestion reduces road safety on major roads. Congestion has an impact on both the speed of travel and on the reliability of travel conditions.

This study is limited to the relationship of road congestion and road safety on 80 km/h roads that are part of the secondary road network. These roads have different types of intersections, namely signalized or priority intersections and roundabouts. Road accident data analysis as a perspective of engineers revolves around the two major factors: geometric design and traffic characteristics. Because of that reason, hotspot identification of accident-prone locations remains a focal point of interests for transportation engineers. Many researches are involved in relationship analysis of accidents in context of volume/capacity (V/C), vehicles miles travelled (VMT), vehicles hours travelled (VHT), speed, flow and geometric design.

Considering that the effect of traffic congestion on accident severity is limited and not uniform over accidents, the effect of traffic congestion on accident frequency is argued to be more significant and important than accident severity. The two most common types of intersections, roundabouts and signalized intersections are discussed in the present study. From the perspective of the sustainable safety vision, roundabouts are the preferred control since they reduce conflicts and conflicting speeds. Traffic signals, although essential from a capacity point of view, are not a preferable alternative from a safety perspective since they result in high speeds and red light violations, and lead to relatively high crash rates. From a road safety point of view, a roundabout is safer than a traditional 3 or 4 arm intersection as there are fewer conflict locations.

Keywords: traffic congestion, accident data, secondary road network, road safety

102 Abstracts Book


Computer Use and Vision-Related Problems among Students in University Aleksander Moisiu, Durres

Marsida KRASNIQIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Departmentof Medicine Science;International Eye Clinic in Tirana


Rezarta KALAJAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Departmentof Medicine ScienceInternational Eye Clinic in TiranaE-mail: [email protected]

Irida IKONOMIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Departmentof Medicine Science;E-mail: [email protected]

Violeta ZANAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Departmentof Medicine ScienceE-mail: [email protected]

Orion MUCAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Departmentof Medicine ScienceE-mail: [email protected];

The use of computers as medium of teaching and learning in universities has become a normal thing nowadays. The aim of this study is to assess the pattern computer usage and related visual problems, among University students in Durres. A total of 340 students studying in Faculty of Professional Science, in Aleksander Moisiu University, were recruited into this study. Demographic characteristics, pattern of usage of computers and associated visual symptoms were recorded in a validated self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to determine the differences between the variables. The mean age of participants was 20.1 (3.2) years. 76% of students were nursing students, 7% dental assistant students and 17% physiotherapy students. The most common visual problems reported among computer users were headache in 46.3%, burning sensation in the eyes in 37.8% and tired eyes in 51%. Nearly 53% of students reported frequent interruption of computer work. The interruption was caused from headache in 31.7% of the students while the feeling of tired eyes caused interruption of work in 24.6% of the students. The symptoms were increasing in


students that was using computer more then 4 hours per day.As a conclusion headache, burning sensation in eyes and tires/sore eyes were the most common visual related problems associated with usage of computers

Keywords: Computer symptoms, Headache, University students


Ethical Issues on DNA, actual Situation in Albania

Ela ZAIMI Institute of Scientific Police, ALBANIA


Xhevair ÇELOALIAJInstitute of Scientific Police, ALBANIA


Irida GOXHAJInstitute of Scientific Police, ALBANIA


Laura GJYLIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Department of Applied and Natural Science E-mail: [email protected]

DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting) is a powerful tool in forensics and in paternity testing and it has become a significant resource for criminal investigation and prosecution activities in criminal justice systems throughout the world. Forensic DNA testing can be conducted in several ways: firstly, by comparing the DNA profiles from criminal suspects’ – to DNA evidence, so to assess the likelihood of their involvement in a crime. Secondly, searching for a link between the biological materials collected from a crime scene to a DNA profile stored in a criminal DNA database. And thirdly, forensic DNA searching for a link between for criminal suspects through their connection with biological relatives; In Albania, DNA profiling started in 2009 and is becoming more and more required from the investigators and prosecutors. Actually, there is in place a database for all the profiles obtained from evidences in crime scene and according to the amended law for all the detained and arrested people. It has also aroused mixture of ethical concerns, suspicions and interests. The major ethical concerns about the DNA profiling are related to: 1) Possible constitution of data based by the police agencies for the purpose of identifying and investing individuals as potential criminal suspects. 2) Possible risk of a widespread use without safeguard for private investigations as establishing paternity or the typing of a person for insurance companies. In order to preserve civil liberties and the respect of individual privacy, DNA profiling should be strictly limited to judicial use and performed by accredited laboratories.

Keywords: DNA profiling, issues, criminal justice system, DNA database, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Albania

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Ethical dilemmas of dental education

Enis URUÇIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Professionals StudiesDepartment of Medical Technique Science


Emirjeta KUNIQIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA



The field of dentistry is a science that has all the components of education, from preventive and therapeutic to cosmetic domains. Ethical dilemmas and concerns will be part of the science of dentistry, as it has situations with varied ethical considerations and complexities. Taking the example of dental education, from the undergraduate to the postgraduate levels, you could encounter ethical concerns from the stage of oral diagnosis to treatment. Say for example, during a routine oral diagnosis, an oral medicine specialist finds a patient (husband with two children) with a chronic painful tooth infection that needs to be referred to the Oral Surgery Department or to the Endodontist – what should he do? Refer the patient to either one of them or go for laboratory investigations to rule out other causes of infection, including the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), before the referral? Here a consultant is required to take informed consent for undertaking a diagnostic test for AIDS. Once he decides to go for laboratory investigation and finds the patient to be AIDS positive what should he do with the patient and the referred consultant? The Oral Medicine dentist informs the patient that he suffers from AIDS and the patient goes into shock, making the dentist question whether informing the patient about the condition was beneficial or harmful.

Keywords: AIDS, laboratory, dentistry, education


Socio-legal aspects of criminality and drug addiction

Fatmire KRASNIQIUniversity Kadri Zeka, Gjilan, KOSOVOE-mail: [email protected]

In an attempt not to call it an occurrence or a social phenomenon nevertheless continuously aiming that the drug addiction followed with all its consequences to be seen at the level of cases reported and addressed by the relevant institutions in our country,


the existing situation of the presence and its consequences seems to be rather worrying. Based particularly on processed cases in the criminal-procedural aspect even materialized with numerical figures, the data shows a high number of presence of persons who, in one form or another, associate their behavior with narcotic substances. Accordingly, since the negative consequences of drug addiction primarily affect the lives of users of such substances, influencing that the same, depending on the situations presented, may be the cause of deviant behavior or even the victim of such behaviors, not infrequently the consequences of such socio-pathological phenomenon likewise affect their family as a fundamental social cell as well as the social environment as a whole. Consequently, we will look at drug addiction in a more specific research angle.

Beyond the meaningful pursuance of the notion of drug addiction, the course of consideration of the highlighted problem will be directed to the definition of drug addiction, mainly in the juridical-criminal dimension.

Specifically, of particular interest will be the treating of drug addiction criminal phenomenology in the period of 2014-2018 in the Republic of Kosovo. Meanwhile, the proposal of preventive and combat measures of such a problematic socio-institutional issue will occupy a special space. The purpose of the research will be specifically focused on the presentation of a socio-pathological problem that our society is experiencing. The handling of the selected topic of study will be based on the application of historical-legal method, analytical method, comparative method as well as statistical method.

Keywords: drug addiction, criminality, preventive and combat measures, Criminal Code of the Republic of Kosovo.


Speech and language delays among children

Emirjeta KUNIQIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA



Enis URUÇIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


E-mail: [email protected] Nowadays is very common disorder, as you watch your child grow, remember that

each child develops at his or her own pace and the range of normal is quite wide. However, it is helpful to be aware of red flags for potential developmental delays in children. These delays are significant lags in one or more areas of emotional, mental, or physical growth. If your child experiences a delay, early treatment is the best way to help him or her make progress or even to chats up. Speech delays in toddlers are common. In fact, language

106 Abstracts Book

and speech problems are the most common type of developmental delay. Speech refers to verbal expression, including the way words are formed. Language is a broader system of expressing and receiving information, such as being able to talk. A delay in speech development may be a symptom of many disorders, including mental retardation, hearing loss, an expressive language disorder, psychosocial deprivation, autism, elective mutism, receptive aphasia and cerebral palsy. Speech delay may be secondary to maturation delay or bilingualism. Being familiar with the factors to look for when taking the history and performing the physical examination allows physicians to make a prompt diagnosis. Timely detection and early intervention may mitigate the emotional, social and cognitive deficits of this disability and improve the outcome.

Keywords: speech, language, delay, causes development, children


Anomie and homicides in the Albanian families

Miranda RIRAUniversity Aleksander Xhuvani of Elbasan, ALBANIA


Julian ÇOTAUniversity Aleksander Xhuvani of Elbasan, ALBANIA


This paper aims at elaborating and understanding anomie and the causes of homicide within the Albanian family, especially in the wife-husband or intimate relationships. Referring to Durkhemian’s paradigm on anomie as the first leading cause to crime and deviance, we will go further by explaining that when people are living in anomic state due to rapid changes in transitional societies, a revival of old canonical, patriarchal norms is seen which controls and constructs human behavior. Sometimes they might be conceived as honor killings. Honor killings and passionate crimes, are widespread in all societies, although they may differ from one culture to another.

Keywords: anomie, honor killings, family crime, homicide, suicide



ETHNIC RELATIONS,

NATIONALISM, HUMAN RIGHTS

Chairs: Esilda LUKU & Diana MONE


Integration of the human rights in the elementary education curriculum

Lindita LUTAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Elda TARTARIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Education on human rights in schools means giving the equipping the students with knowledge, capability and behavior in order to raise awareness in respecting the rights and taking their responsibility in society, to protect and improve the democracy. The school curriculum includes issues if education on human rights, expanded in all the subjects and programs, by being adopted according to the age and development of each pupil. The goal of the study is to assess the levels where the integration of human rights actually is in various school subjects, what is preventing the teachers to include this integration in all the subjects, the impact of curriculum on this matter. The study included 40 teachers of the elementary education from five elementary schools of Durres district. The teachers filled in a questionnaire and some of them participated in an interview. The study showed that the knowledge on education of the human rights is included in subjects such as Civil Education, where is important the expansion of the social relations of the children of this age, the need to know and implement the social laws, the development of the self confidence feeling, the responsibilities, the improvement of the pupils in decision making; Albanian Language subject where the pupils may express their views without offending or judging the others;

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the subject of History, where the pupils cultivate the personal and national identity, develop in the ethical, social and esthetic aspect; the subject of Physical Education where the pupils through the games develop the feeling of friendship, socializing and solidarity. Teachers need to work more in the formation of the pupils on human rights, their practical implementation in school and out of it and also to include the pupils and their parents in educative activities on human rights. The direct topics, the illustrations with posters and symbols are used more in the lower level classes of the elementary education and more integrated in the relations between the fields of studying in the levels of the higher education. Human rights need to be studied more in the school curriculum. The teachers should be careful during the topics of human rights, as in classes each pupil needs to be respected on their diversity of the thought, race, gender, social and cultural level, nationality etc.

Keywords: Human rights, integration, curriculum, teacher, pupil.


Human rights and nationalism; the creation of states in the Balkans

Elvina JUSUFAJUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Minority rights guarantees have been imposed as criteria for the creation of states in the Balkans since the 19th century. Newly created states after the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s were conditioned with fulfilling democratic criteria and affording the rights of ethnic, national groups and minorities. Peace agreements provided the creation of multi-ethnic states as the solution to ending ethnic conflicts and as the new model of statehood after the Cold War. We will discuss the relation between statehood and recognition, the evolving standards of democracy and human rights, as an approach to ethnic conflict management and to ensure peace and security in the Balkans.

Keywords: Recognition, states, minority rights, peace


Abortion and the European Convention on Human Rights

Belinda HALILAJ University Ismail Qemali of Vlora, ALBANIA

E-mail: [email protected];

The right of life is a right which is protected and guaranteed by numerous international conventions. This right can be violated in the case of abortion. Abortion is a problematic in the contemporary period, but as a problem this topic is considered

109TS 12: Ethnic Relations, Nationalism, Human Rights

in previous historical periods. Constantly abortion is rejected, one of the reasons for the objection have been the policies about reproducing of population. In the convention don’t have any special article about abortion; this right comes as a right derived from interpretation of Article 2 and Article 8 of the Convention. The object of this paper is whether abortion constitutes an autonomous right, which is the position of judge etc., cope is limited, the right to life at the same time constitutes a positive obligation for the State but also negative. The state remains subject of the obligation to protect and respect the rights and competing interests. In the case of permitting abortion, the State shall determine cases of allowing abortion.

Keywords: right to life, abortion, ECHR, court

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ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMY

AND DEVELOPMENT,

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

Chairs: Luftim CANIA, Brunela TREBICKA & Brunilda LIÇAJ


Regional accounts in the function of the deep socio-economic analyses in the district level

Luan SHAHOLLARIAlbanian Institute of Sociology, ALBANIA


Since 2011, according to EU criteria, in parallel of the national indicators, INSTAT is publishing the statistical regional accounts. One of the general indicators that measure the economic activity of the country is GDP per capita (in ALL, Euro, USD, and PPS). The evaluation of this indicator in 1, 2, 3 statistical regions create conditions for more deep, socio-economic analyses. In this paper are presented data for the performance of the GDP during years in the country level as well as for the statistical regions, in total and per capita. The published data show that the highest level of the GDP per capita in the year 2017 was registered in the Center statistical region and especially in the region of Tirana with 747 thousand ALL, 38 per cent more than the average in country level. While the lowest level of GDP per capita was registered in Kukes region by 327 thousand ALL or about 39.5 per cent under the country average level. In this paper are presented also some factors that have impacted in these inequalities and are given some suggestions for central and local government institutions for the necessity to carry out development strategies, using indicators of the regional accounts.

Keywords: Albania; Regional Account; Statistical regions; EU; INSTAT; GDP per capita

111TS 13: Environment, Economy and Development, Technology and Innovation


Farmer’s Attitudes and Sustainable Agriculture Development in Italian Regions

Alda MIFTARISapienza University of Rome, ITALYE-mail: [email protected]

This paper focuses the attention on the biodiversity of production system of farmers and the social impact in the environment process related on the economy scale. Farmers in Italian regions are growing fast and are developing new paradigms on sustainable agriculture for development and eco-friendly products for the future of farming. The organic agriculture is one of the production systems that sustain the protection of soil, ensure social and local conditions and promote highest level of food quality. On behalf of CAP reform 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals, Agriculture is one of pointed sector and discussed for preservation of environment and the welfare for the future generations. This article will focus the evaluation of the three pilasters of sustainability and the principles of organic agriculture. The methodology of this research is a quantitative model on using data from ISTAT, EUROSTAT database and statistical analysis are employed in this research. Our analysis shows the connection of new paradigms, methods and estimations on the sustainable development with the organic agriculture and discuss the farmers attitude for more sustainable agriculture development and revenue.

Keywords: Environnent, sustainable agriculture, organic agriculture, farmers attitude


Microinsurance

Jonida LAMÇJA METHASANIUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu University of Durres, ALBANIA


Ada ALIAJUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu University of Durres, ALBANIA


Ikbale TOTAUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu University of Durres, ALBANIA


The International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) defines microinsurance as “protection of low income people against specific perils in exchange for regular premium payments proportionate to the likelihood and cost of the risk involved.” Microinsurance is designed to help more people buy insurance coverage who

112 Abstracts Book

were previously unable to afford it. In essence, micro insurance has the same purpose as traditional insurance, but the focus of simplicity and accessibility and the efficiency of processes, separates the microinsurance from traditional insurance. Insurers need to understand their low income clients as much as the potential clients need to understand insurance. Albania with a developing economy has a very low share of insurance, especially for low income individuals and small and medium businesses. The focus of most insurers has been the compulsory market for auto third party and others, and its time servicing a specific income segment in the emerging market jurisdictions where the insurance markets are not well developed. Research on microinsurance is still at an embryonic stage, with many questions to be asked. Among other things in this paper will look at the advantages and disadvantages as well as finding innovative ways to meet the challenges in this sector. Microinsurance fits well within gaps in the current insurance market structure.

Keywords: Microinsurance, Insurance coverage, Low income individuals, Insurance market structure


Reforming the real estate registration system in Albania

Besmir PREMALAJ Mediterranean University, ALBANIA


Albania’s immovable property registration system has undergone frequent reforms over the years, depending also on the economic system and the legal regime applied to immovable property. The transformation of immovable property after the fall of communism was also associated with the reform of the real estate registration system in the early 90s. This radical reform led to the transition from the cadastral mortgage system to the real estate registration system. Subsequent socio-cultural developments influenced the emergence of new problems in the real estate regime in Albania. Problems inherited from the communist system and the need for restitution and compensation of former owners were also compounded by new problems related to the flourishing of illegal constructions. Frequent legal changes in regulating the status of former owners, but also in legalizing these illegal constructions also led to legal changes in the registration of real estate. Recently the system of registration of immovable property in Albania has been reformed with the new law on cadaster. This reform created the Cadastral State Agency, which merged three public institutions: ALUIZNI, the Central Immovable Property Registration Office and the Public Property Inventory and Transfer Agency. This paper will analyze the latest legal changes that have been made to the real estate registration system and the innovations that this real estate reform has brought to Albania.

Keywords: mortgage cadastral system, real estate registration system, Cadastral State Agency, legalization of illegal constructions



Social Media Marketing, Case of Albania

Blerim KOLAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Jehona GJERMIZIKolegji Universitar “LOGOS”


Social Media Marketing is turned into an instrument of long-term competitiveness in companies nowadays. The purpose of this study is to know the benefits and importance of Social Media Marketing in Albania. This article gets to know the reality in the world about the use of social media for marketing purposes, compared with the Albanian environment. It also tries to evaluate the use of social media in the field of marketing in Albania. Most successful companies in Albania have in common a well-developed Social Media Marketing. The evolution from traditional marketing to virtual marketing is very present in our country as well.

Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Albania


Trends and challenges of human resources in the albanian banking system

Tea FEIMINational Trade Bank, ALBANIA

[email protected]

Natasha HODAUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Today’s worldwide focus on HRM has moved to the strategic utilization of employees and the measurable impact of employee programs over business. The Albanian banking system tends to move to the same direction with the international trends, even though Albanian HR professionals face more difficulties in establishing automatic and less time-consuming systems related to their everyday tasks: performance development, career succession planning and employee development and much more. The subject of this research is about the latest trends and challenges of human resources in banking system in the Albanian market and wider. The Albanian banking system is growing quickly and the claim for an effective human resources management has also increased drastically in

114 Abstracts Book

the last years. Within such a changing environment the effectiveness of HRM is crucial for the business success. Moreover, the main points we have addressed in this paper are exactly these everyday challenges the human resources sector faces in completing their daily tasks as well as their long- term objectives. In this study is reviewed, how effectively the human resources department operating in hiring the best work force, motivating their employees and what are the struggles of giving their best performance.

To carry out this work we have started with literature review, to continue with the descriptive analysis, based on the information gathered from the questionnaires. The main conclusion of this paper is that: the strong point of success for financial institutions is the employee’s motivation.

Keywords: Human Resources Management, Training, Development, Employee, Promotion, Career Development.


“Green building”, the benefits of these types of buildings and their values

Alma GOLGOTA University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA



Rezarta CARAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]

Luiza LLURIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA






More and more building developers (who buy land or buildings in order to renovate them to benefit from them) have begun to embrace the principles of Green buildings. Despite the general perception that “green building” requires very expensive technologies,


such as geothermal heating, green roofs or solar panels, etc. Creating a “green building” means building a development that uses more materials and ecological structures and is healthier to live in. This starts precisely with the high efficiency of energy efficiency. The materials we need to build should be as close as possible to natural materials and away from chemicals, plastic additives or substances with adverse effects on human health. As a novelty in the field of construction to us, addressing this topic will consist primarily of information on what green building represents and what constitutes the components that make a Green building.

The topic aims to show the relationship between cost and value in the case of green buildings, valuation principles and valuation methods of Green buildings. This comes up with a case study in which we integrate materials selection methods with the life cycle cost into eco-building designs. Finally, we come to the positive conclusions on green building.

Keywords: Green buildings, the selection of materials, life cycle cost in eco building designs


The Impact study of humidity and high temperatures presence in Durres electric transformer cabins

Blerta GËRMËNJI

University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIAFaculty of Professional Studies

Department Engineering and Marine SciencesE-mail: [email protected]

Eli VYSHKAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA






Like any system the 20 kV distribution systems has its advantages and disadvantages. With the interventions of the last few years the electricity system in the Durres area has undergone a total transformation. Expansion of the 20 kV network, mainly with underground cable lines and prefabricated box-type cabins, as well as ABC-type low voltage lines have given the power system in the Durres region other technical features. Significantly increasing the quality of electricity supply to subscribers as well as reducing technical and non-technical losses, as well as improving technical indicators.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the atmospheric agents affecting the work cycles of electrical equipment installed in electric transformer cabins in the

116 Abstracts Book

city of Durres as well as the use of special equipment to reduce their impact. Materials and methods: In all components of the electrical transformer cabins, the main causes of damage and technical deficiencies in these equipment and outages are: Presence of ambient humidity and high ambient temperatures. The objectives of this study are: how do these two key factors affect the electric transformer cabins and how do we instruct researchers on the appropriate equipment to eliminate the effects that these two atmospheric agents have.

Conclusions: The use of ventilators for air circulation and lowering of temperature inside the cabin significantly improves the performance of electrical appliances, mainly power transformers.

Keywords: Electric transformer cabin, humidity, high temperatures, ventilator, performance


The impact of technology and digitalization on the banking sector

Anxhela KORSIE-mail: [email protected]

Ela GOLEMIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Rapid development of technologies that occurred over two last decades have changed the way of customers reaction and the bank services that are provided. Nowadays, technology has brought new markets, new products, new service and new distribution channels because of the pressure of globalization and the need for change. In this context, banking institutions have introduced new methods and products to be closer to their customers. Although today FINTECH are competing with banks using similar principles and mechanisms but with completely different approaches.

This paper presents a description of the possibilities for providing banking services through a new model, technology-based banking. In terms of digital infrastructure, the banking sector is one of the most developed sectors in Albania due to the presence of international banks that have brought and continue to bring their best practices.

The main points dealt with in this task relate precisely to the positive and negative side of digital banking and the challenges that users and banks face. This study describes how banks cope with these changes and the practices they use to manage risk and provide a better service.

In this work we have put a focus on the descriptive analysis based on the information gathered from ECB and the national Banks. The main conclusion of this paper is that: Institutions that will resist or fail to adapt quickly to digital innovation are technically disadvantaged, as all stakeholders including investors, customers, markets, etc. are already leaning towards innovation and technology.

Keywords: technology, banks, customers, market, needs, employee, services, products



The importance of professional practice in the transition from the academic world to the labour market

Endri BALLA Universiteti Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


The purpose of this study is to provide a more comprehensive approach to the importance of pursuing professional practice in secondary schools or even university education. The issues that will be addressed in this study will aim to present a deeper and fuller understanding of the experiences of students who combine theoretical information with practice by comparing it to receiving only theoretical information. Some of the objectives of this study are to identify the development of professional practice as a more effective way for students to enter the labor market faster. The study was conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews with students who are part of dual studies and students who pursue only theoretical studies. The interview consists of in-depth semi-structured questions, which aim to address the areas or issues relevant to this study, followed of course by additional questions that may be considered appropriate by the interviewer at the time of realization of the interview. Professional apprenticeships provide students with practical skills so that they can find a job in a shorter time than students who have completed only theoretical studies.

Keywords: professional practice, dual studies, theoretical studies


Fiscal evasion and its role in the albania economy

Natasha HODAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Hysen HODAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Business Faculty E-mail: [email protected]

Jonida AVDULAJAgricultural University of Tirana, ALBANIA

Faculty of Economy and Agribusiness E-mail: [email protected]

During Albania’s economic transition, economic growth has been accompanied by an increase in inequality. The richest are paying less in relation to their profits while the poor paying more in relation to their income. This is especially true in Albania, where

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only 17% of GDP goes to wages and over 43% of the population lives on less than $ 5 per capita. In Albania, it seems that tax evasion is closely linked to the economy, so the economy grows, and VAT and other tax evasion grow. According to a World Bank study, about 47% of VAT is not collected, while tax evasion of other taxes varies from 50% -100%.

Based on the above facts, in this paper we will analyze the impact of tax evasion on Albania’s economic growth. To accomplish this objective, we will begin by analyzing tax revenues over the years by grouping them into different types. We will then analyze the perceived corruption and the level of real economic growth over the years. The methodology we will follow in this paper is as follows: We will based on Ramsey’s model of economic growth with a rival tax-financed public good that can be avoided by corrupt tax inspectors, this verification will be done by an empirical model. The expected final result of this paper is the empirical verification of the negative impact of tax evasion on economic growth. We will also empirically verify the positive impact that tax evasion has on public debt growth.

Another expected result of this paper is the fact that the reduction of tax evasion in Albania may have the effect of reducing the fiscal pressure which may lead to increased consumption, savings, public investment, private investment and foreign direct investment.

Keywords: Tax Evasion, Taxes, Economic Growth, Corruption, Public Debt


Impact of cryptocurrency in world economic growth



Hysen HODAUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of BusinessE-mail: [email protected]

Natasha HODAUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


The ineffectiveness of monetary policies in resolving financial crises, economic growth and employment is becoming increasingly evident. This is probably one of the reasons why day by day, innovative methods are being experimented in the monetary and payment system. Some of the cryptocurrencies that have been widely used in recent months are: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Libra, etc. These currencies are increasingly attracting the attention of different economists, as based on innovative technologies through these


currencies different payments can be made without the need of intermediaries. Many investors or entrepreneurs are investing heavily in buying these coins, as they think these are the future for the realization of various transactions.

Given the above facts the objective of this study is to assess the impact that cryptocurrencies will have on the economy as a whole. Will they be able to replace the national currencies of different countries or will they become complementary to these currencies, generating added value in the economy of the countries. This paper also aims to highlight the limits of cryptocurrencies and their possible alternative uses. The methodology that will be followed in this paper is empirical analysis based on the study of Baek and Elbeck (2015), to see how these cryptocurrencies react depending on monetary policy. The expected results of this study are to prove that the quotation of cryptocurrencies does not depend on the monetary policy of specific countries, they are mainly used for speculative purposes and for transactions in the criminal economy.

Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, Development, Monetary Policy, Speculation, Monetary System


Non-Performing Loans, causes, effects and consequences; the Case of Albania

Ela GOLEMIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Dona DYRMISHIE-mail: [email protected]

Non -performing loans (NPLs) in the Albanian banking sector has become a crucial problem during the last global crisis. The aim of this study is to identify and understand the causes, effects and consequences that it has in the Albania’s economy. This research will analyze how Macroeconomic factors will indicate the Non-Performing Loans. The study will be focused on data gathered from Bank of Albania Annual Reposts, and Stability reports, and statistical data from The Global Economy.

Meanwhile this paper will analyze how the Albania’s economy before during was and after Financial crisis, which were the sectors that were affected the most, what happened will the Non-Performing Loan rate. It seems that the NPL rate is the combination of Retail and Corporate loans, where the corporate loans are the ones who had the most difficulties. Also it concludes the measures that Bank of Albania undertook to decrease the effects of NPL, and also recommendations from the World Bank.

It is suggested that more comprehensive and objective client analysis by the banks, institutionalization in and more reliable external audit of business entities, precise and timely government decisions to prevent unfair competition and launching of new financing methods will cause considerable improvement in NPLs issue.

Key words: NPL, Bank of Albania, Economic Growth, Financial Crisis, World

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Consumer on distance contracts

Jurgen GOLEMIE-mail: [email protected]

Greta PETRITIE-mail: [email protected]

This paper examines the distance contracts, as one of the newest forms of contract linking, which has come as a result of technology development and rapid human interaction. This development, in addition to convenience goods, carries with it and problems in defining terms and adjusting consumer rights legislation. The paper treats the definition of consumer rights and the comparison of this term with other regional and European Union legislation. Understand these new contracts that are increasingly being used today and in the future. Part of the work is the legislation of the European Union countries that are absolutely a lot of steps ahead of us in adapting their legislation and which have established a solid basis and create development policies for the coming years. In addition to the European legislation are referred to regional ones with the purpose of properly comparing and adapting them. The paper concludes that there is a need for greater engagement and greater work on the part of the government in adapting, implementing and raising public awareness of this type or new form of contract signing, which for its very own reasons is something new and much information the few around them bring a huge gap and a delayed absorption of their meaning.

Keywords: customer, distance contract, consumer rights


University liberalization in albania and the role of marketing in increasing the flow of records

Vaeld ZHEZHAUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Business Faculty, E-mail: [email protected]


FASTIPE-mail: [email protected]

With the liberalization of the education system in Albania, there has been a significant increase in the opening of new universities, together with the increase of the study program offer and the increased competition between universities. The increase


of the number of universities was not accompanied during the years of increase of the governmental financing.

At present, the number of higher education institutions in Albania is about 20 per million inhabitants, almost eight times higher than the UK. While for education in Albania, this represents only 2.92% of GDP or about 8.5% of the state budget (in 2012 it was 9.5%). While the OECD average is 5-8% of GDP, of which 1-3% applies to secondary education institutions, while in Albania only 0.5%. We can also mention that countries in the region spend about 12% of the state budget for education, with Kosovo dominating by 14%. .

In addition to the problem of funding, Albanian educational institutions have been experiencing a decline in the number of students over the years. If in the period 2017-2018 there was a decrease with almost 7,000 fewer graduates. While this year over 5000 graduates are fewer than last year. This decrease resulting from the emigration and the increase of the number of graduates, who wish to study abroad, makes it increasingly difficult to complete the education quotas of the higher education institutions. Based on the above facts, the objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence graduates in choosing a university. The methodology that will be used to carry out this work will be empirical. By first distributing the questionnaires to some higher education institutions in Albania and then we will empirically analyze the results of the questionnaires.

The expected result of this paper is to highlight the fact that advertisements in the visual and print media play an important role in the choice of university graduates. Therefore, the higher the publicity, the greater the number of students in these universities. Neglecting in this way, the quality of the academic staff and the quality of the teaching.

Keywords: University marketing, Albanian universities, Graduates, Education financing


Whiter Community Management: Evidences from Rural Drinking Water Service Delivery in India

Baby KURIANGovernment of Kerala, INDIAE-mail: [email protected]

The evolution of the rural water and sanitationsector (RWSS) sector is marked by a paradigm shift from supply driven approaches to decentralized community based management (CBM) to improve ownership, service level and sustainability. Though the approach has gained dominance as a rural service delivery model in progressively enhancing rural coverage globally, recent evidences suggest critical second generation sustainability concerns. There is also widespread scepticism about decentralization as a means to attain sustainable drinking water service delivery. The paper is an analytical revisit to one of the rural Grama Panchayath, which is the lowest tier of the local government, served by community managed drinking water supply as a dominant model for more than a decade, in a progressively decentralized State of Kerala, South India. The objective is to test the evidences, document learning and to identify the dynamics of

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social capital in a market driven local economy and the critical post construction (PCS) gaps in achieving sustainable service delivery. The findings would be of global relevance, specifically for developing countries in improving sustainability of community rural water supply service delivery.

Keywords: Community management, local economy, social capital, water and sanitation, decentralization

123TS 14: Science, Technology and Innovation


Analysing Influencing Factors for Social Media Marketing in Albania

Roland SAHATCIJAMediterranean University, ALBANIA


Anxhela FERHATAJEuropean University of Tirana, ALBANIA


Ariel ORAIndependent Researcher, CANADA


Technology has facilitated the way of communication and has given another direction to the way of doing business. It has enabled the transformation of traditional business into online business. Companies have taken advantage of technological advances to grow and develop in global markets. One of the forms used by companies is the presence on social networks. Social networks have enabled them to communicate with consumers around the globe. The advantage of social networks is that they are at a lower cost to the company than traditional marketing and are used by individuals of different age groups.

In the future it is thought that social media will evolve even further along with social media marketing, which is seen as the future of marketing. But the development


SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY

AND INNOVATION

Chairs: Majlinda SANA, Albana HALILI & Merita XHIXHA

124 Abstracts Book

of social media marketing depends on the influencing factors. They influence the use and development of social media marketing. This study will focus on identifying the factors that influence the behavior of online consumers. This research paper will analyze the influential factors of social media marketing in Albania. The instrument used in this research paper is the questionnaire. The sample study consists of 143 users of social media. The program used to analyze the data is JASP-0.10.0.0.

Keywords: social media, influencing factors, social media marketing, user’s behavior


5NF Normalization Form Analyze

Eris ZEQOUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durrës, ALBANIA

Faculty of Information TechnologyE-mail: [email protected]

Bora MYRTOUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durrës, ALBANIA


Alsa KAZIUUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durrës, ALBANIA


This paper presents the normalization form of 5NF. Normalization split a large table into smaller tables and define relationships between them to increases the clarity in organizing data. Database normalization process is divided at least in 6 normalizations forms: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF and 5NF. The paper will give answers on same important points. Is database normalization a database schema design technique, by which an existing schema is modified to minimize redundancy and dependency of data?Does normalization rules prevent update anomalies, insert anomalies, delete anomalies and data inconsistencies.

Why some databases need to be normalized in 5NF, how it effectsin databases, advantages and disadvantages.The normalization effects in maintaining databases, in better performance and in data model for applications. This paper will show the cases when to use normalization, when to normalize in 5NF in different databases, when a table is in Fifth Normal Form (5NF). Also will give answers why 5NF is also called project-join normal form. What types of constraints are inclusion dependencies meant to represent, analyzing how the tables are transformed in 5NF normalization form and how it effects in the number of tables which are presented in database after the 5NF normalization form.

Keywords: Normalization, 5NF, 4NF, Database



Similarity Measures for Text Document Clustering using Jaccard Method

Anxhela GJECKAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Emiliano MANKOLLIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Fatjona DHIMITRAQI BUSHIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Information TechnologyE-mail: [email protected],

Today, with the rapid advancements in technology we are able to collect large amounts of data of different types. Data analysis is an area that has to do with extracting useful knowledge from data. Various techniques are applied to solve a wide range of real-world problems. Grouping is a method of collecting data without technical supervision. Collection techniques can identify the categorization of data objects according to established standards or categories determined by us. Grouping can be applied to various types of data including text. When dealing with textual data objects can be documents, paragraphs or words. The word collection process refers to the grouping of documents of similar text. The problem can be formulated as follows: We have a number of documents which must be divided into multiple groups, such that documents in the same group are more similar to each other than to the documents of other groups. There are many applications of the text collection process, including: organizing and browsing of documents, summary information and classification of documents. One application is the clustering of text data. Clustering of text is an important application of extracting data. Clustering of text data refers to the grouping of similar documents based on the content of the documents. For text document, the Jaccard coefficient compares the sum weight of shared terms to the sum weight of terms that are present in either of the two document but are not the shared terms. Jaccard coefficient is a measure of similarity with range between 0 and 1, where 1 means that the two objects are the same and 0 means that they are completely different. The results indicate that a satisfactory performance can be achieved using the abovementioned method. Differences are observed in the quality of collection based on the evaluation measure used above. In addition, while the value of (k) increases, the quality of the resulting group is improved. Finally, we discover the data set categories that are classified to join a group on the basis of criteria that we have set in advance.

Keywords: Clustering, k-means, text mining, data mining, Jaccard method

126 Abstracts Book


Living smart in smart cities; changing senses and changing institutions

Romina GURASHISapienza University of Rome, ITALY


With the introduction of digital technologies in every area of our daily life, the way we conceive cities with their squares, streets and infrastructures has radically changed. In their race for sustainability and smartness, cities are adapting their urban models to new ways of life that are radically different from the past and that are inspired by principles connected to ecology, democracy and well-being. To change is not only the geographical or architectonic characteristics of these places, but also their sense in the individual and collective identity dimension. Alongside the changes produced in the senses, there is also a change in the way institutions are understood and lived both in their normative and community dimensions. Through the relational dimension, socially built cities are slowly and inexorably abandoning an identity based on history, symbols and emotional experiences to create a standardized model of urban social organization where, in accordance with the processes of culturalization carried out at the UN with the Agenda 2030, what counts is functionality, savings, efficiency. A project where there is no space for feelings, emotions, authentic sharing. This grey perspective of inauthenticity leads us to wonder how much dangerous are these changes in terms of urban well-being, considering that we are now in a world in which the material dimension is constantly being reshaped and people are constantly moving.

Keywords: smart living, smart city, institutions, social change, Agenda 2030


A comparison of Media and Median filters using different operators Prewitt, Laplacian of Gaussian filter,

Canny, Sobel in image processing

Erion MALI University Aleksandër Moisiu of Durrës, ALBANIA


Justin MIHANIUniversity Aleksandër Moisiu of Durrës, ALBANIA


Today we live in a world that is almost digital at the majority of aspects. Everything ends to a digital image. Areas to which these disciplines are applied include: medicine (diagnosis, abnormality detection), automation (robot vision), military intelligence, communications (data compression, speech recognition), and many others. Smartphones


are also an exelent use of them. These digital devices and equipments during all the time process images. In this paper is made a comparative study of the edge detection algorithms like: Prewitt, Laplacian of gaussian filter, Canny, Sobel. The study is made using Matlab software. I have used an image as a base model that I have called ‘Original’ and using the programming language of Matlab I have applied different algorithms over it. The purpose of this study is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each operator, algorithm. These algorithms are not the best between other algorithms, even the Matlab language itself but they give a clear view that helps the developers to incorporate these operators to other programmable languages, to reach better results.

Keyword: edge operators, Canny, Prewitt, Media filter


Representation of Bitcoin transaction temporal network as a strong connection with exchange rate

Kristel BOZHIQIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Aida BITRIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Edmira XHAFERRAUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Bitcoin is a virtual and the most rewarding currency that has gained the attention of consumers, businesses and investors. In contrast to different cryptocurrencies that are used around the world, Bitcoin is distributed ledger that the structure is publicly available by design. This facilitates observing all financial interactions on the network, and analyzing the network graph depended on time-stamp of data sets. This paper focuses on descriptive statistics and network analysis of the Bitcoin transaction graph based on recent data. The structure of network graph is created by: nodes which represent user id and each user can have different accounts, and edges which represent the transaction between two users. We could extend the data set with IP address and geo-location data in order to conduct the geographic information of the network. Through this we can analyze the network structure in different regions and understand how the transaction occurs between users. This mean that the new topology of the Bitcoin transaction graph will be created. This analysis will serve us an investigating anonymity and economic relationships in Bitcoin due to this new topology. An important result concerns the relationship of network graph and exchange rate, where a strong connection could be confirmed. Furthermore, there are some indicators that the Bitcoin system is a “small world” network and follows a scale-free degree distribution.

Keywords: Bitcoin, temporal network, descriptive statistics

128 Abstracts Book


Early prediction of diabetes using classification technique

with attribute selection approach

Gazmira BRAHUSHILOGOS University College, ALBANIA

Applied Informatics and Statistics DepartmentE-mail: [email protected]

Xhezmije LULOLOGOS University College, ALBANIA


Luan SINANAJLUARASI University College, ALBANIA

Economic Informatics DepartmentE-mail: [email protected]

Nowadays, the amount of data provided is large, but very complex and heterogeneous because there are different types of data, also the missing values or the values that need to be addressed. Machine Learning is widely used in medicine, as it leads to the extraction of patterns from this data. Knowledge extracted is necessary to take measures not only from the individual, but also from the society and beyond this from in charge offices.The problem is to select the data that gives results which are closest to the reality.

In this article we will see the application of some classification algorithms: Random Forest, Bayes Net, SVM (support vector machine), J48 and Logistic Regression on diabetes data also performing comparisonsafter selection of attributes that really give a great weight to a patient’s classification to conclude if the patient is suffering or not from diabetes. Initially, will be performed analysis of data and then using a considerable number of training data, we will find out which of the algorithms provides the best classifier model, using performance indicators such as: accuracy, recall, number of accurately classified instances etc.

Determining the best model implies the most accurate instances testing. This model comes to help health centres to make more accurate clinical decisions in identifying diabetic patients at early stages and also can help in the future in creating a control plan to early diagnostify diabetes.

Keywords: machine learning, Classification algorithms, Attribute selection



How should we change teaching to incorporate new technologies

Xhezmije LULOLOGOS University College, ALBANIA


Gazmira BRAHUSHILOGOS University College, ALBANIA


Technology has grown by leaps and bounds. There are various options for technology which can be easily implemented in teaching methods for enhancing the level of teaching and making it more effective and knowledgeable. Adoption or resistance of technology is a complex process. Teachers need time to change their practices. Sharing experiences is one of the best ways to promote new teaching methodologies and therefore the effective integration of technology in classrooms, with involved students. In this article we will see several ways in which technology can be incorporated into teaching methods for uplifting the quality of education. Other technological changes in education, including online evaluations and assessments, provide new tools for teachers and challenging learning experiences for students. Educational technology has transformed the old one room schoolhouse model into a virtual classroom with a global student body.

The use of innovative techniques for teaching can benefit both- the students and the teacher. The new methods of teaching need to be incorporated in order to go for operational teaching. It is the time that teaching methods should be renewed to make them more interesting and fun.

Keywords: knowledge, digital libraries, online classes, virtual reality

130 Abstracts Book


STUDENT’S SECTION

[Social Institutions in Student’s Perspective]

Chairs of nine Sessions: Doreta KUÇI, Blerina XHAKOLLI, Edlira LLAZO, Bitila SHOSHA, Zoica ZHARKALLI, Brunilda LICAJ,

Robert KOSOVA, Edmira XHAFERRA, and Rinela KAPCIU

With a special program…


Survival Strategies and MoralEconomics of the Upland Rice Farmers

M. Chairul BASRUN UMANAILOUniversity of Iqra Buru, INDONESIAE-mail: [email protected]

This study aimed at exploring the socio-economic condition of upland rice farmers in two locations, namely Waeperang and Miskoko villages of Buru Regency, Maluku, describing their work as well as the supporting of the local culture of the community towards the sustainability of their daily life. This study employed qualitative approach using the phenomenology design which is described descriptively based on Miles & Huberman’s model. The results show that the condition of rice farmers continued to survive due to the support of their traditions which led to having lower production costs compared with other plant species. The strategy used by farmers to meet their shortage of life needs is to do other jobs around the environment such as the fishermen and as the eucalyptus oil workers. Economic morals become safeguards and balances in every agricultural activity. Generally, the cultural characteristics of these two locations are the same but different in some conditions that are on the issue of the belief that dominates the actions of each community group. The implications of the study can be a reference policy for the local and central government in increasing the production of upland rice and food security efforts to improve the livelihood of the upland rice farmers.

Keywords: moral economics; farmers; upland rice; survival

131TS 15: Student’s Section


Yusuf Gervalla as a poet and a prophet

Ilaz HAJRAUniversity of Mitrovica Isa Boletini, KOSOVO


Since the theme of the Conference included education, family, and religious beliefs, then I chose the topic of treatment, namely the family education of the Prophet and poet Yusuf. Although we speak of the same names, we must know that we are talking about two different figures, the poet Yusuf Gervalla on the one hand and the prophet Yusuf on the other. Apart from the name, of course these two selected and chosen characters have their encounters in the biographies that have been documented, even treated by different authors. The essay will first elaborate on the biographies of the poet and the Prophet Yusuf, then revealing their life’s milestones. Next, we will continue to draw educational lessons from the Qur’anic verses in Captain Yusuf, the captain who has taken this name because of the masterpiece himself, where everything is attempted around him. And finally, I will try to present the image of the Prophet Yusuf in the verses of the poet Muhammad Kyçyku-Çam. The subject in question not only proves the famous religion of the homeland through the poet and prophet Yusuf. But it reaches an even higher stage than this, describing the stunning panorama of the religious prophet from the Albanian poet. This level, which reaches the literary, educational and philosophical climax, even surpasses its preaching by moral and ethical prism.

Keywords: prophet, poet, Joseph, biography


Multimedia Content Retrieval Methods

Nikollaq TEREZI University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA


Eda TEREZI Sur-Place Albania Stipendium

World University Service, WUS TIRANAE-mail: [email protected]

In this paper we will more focus on better standardized systems that use image features to retrieve images from databases or the Internet. The color histogram for an image is most commonly used as it contains statistical measurements. A color histogram is usually a three-dimensional array that counts pixels with specific red, green, and blue values. The nice feature of such a structure is that it does not care about image orientation and is also quite impermeable to prevent image occlusion. Another way is color density.

132 Abstracts Book

To indicate the color density, the user selects the percentage of the image that has a particular color or set of colors, using a color picker and sliders. This is a coarse search method. Other simple features used are such descriptors as color layout, which means a simple outline of where, overlaying the image in a grid, to search for blue skies and orange sunset. Texture is another feature that can be used. It implies a type of descriptor that is usually based on an edge image, formed by taking partitioned derivatives of the image itself - they classify the edges by proximity of space and orientation. An interesting version of this way uses a histogram of such edge features. We can also use texture alignment which allows the user to retrieve the desired texture distribution by classifying textures by direction and density/separation and evaluating their correspondence with the user-selected texture distribution in the texture display block.

Keywords: Histogram, color rendering, color density, texture alignment, variable illumination


The impact of communication and self-efficacy in the Academic achievement of the adolescents

Artjola MIFTARIUniversity “Aleksander Moisiu” Durrës, ALBANIA

Faculty of EducationE-mail:[email protected]

Oriola HAMZALLARIUniversity “Aleksander Moisiu” Durrës, ALBANIA


Academic achievements for all students are the main goal of many countries who want students to be equipped with skills and abilities to have a productive life and be useful citizens for society. Studies show that there is a link between self-efficacy, communication and academic achievement of students. The purpose of this study is to gain a wider understanding how communication and self-efficacy affect students’ academic achievements. For the sample study, the population of students of the “Leonik Tomeo” school in Durres has been taken into consideration. The participants were 100 students (N = 71 girls, 71% and N = 29 boys, 29%) between the age of 15-18 from the high school “Leonik Tomeo” Durrës. The questionnaire used in this paper is a standardized questionnaire that measures the satisfaction of student communication towards teachers as well as self-efficacy of students. Regarding the degree of reliability, we measured it with alpha Cronbach, where we found the coefficient with p = .812 value for this survey.

From correlative data, a correlated positive and statistically significant correlation between age and self-efficacy, where it is noticed that the self-efficacy of students increases with age, r = .237, p <.018. Also, there is a positive correlation between student and communication averages, where it is noticed that the students with the highest mean the highest level of communication with the teacher, r <.401, p <.000. There is also a positive


correlation between mean and self-efficacy, where higher average students have higher self-efficacy, r = .283, p <.0005. There is also a positive correlation between mean and self-efficacy, where higher average students have higher self-efficacy, r = .283, p <.0005. The data show a positive relationship between communication and self-efficacy, where students with high communication with the teachers have high self-efficacy, r = .362, p <.000. This study recommends co-operation of all education actors to make efforts to increase student self-efficacy and increase student communication with teachers.

Keywords: Academic achievement, self-efficacy, communication, student-teacher, teaching.


Inborn diseases and health care for patients with congenital diseases


Faculty of Professional StudiesDepartment of Medical Technical Sciences


Klementina VOGLIUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA

Faculty of Professional StudiesDepartment of Medical Technical Sciences

(Student)E-mail: [email protected]

Congenital anomalies are also known as congenital defects or malformations. They may appear as congenital structural or functional defects that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified before birth, at birth, or later in life. Among the most common anomalies reported by public health structures are: defects affecting the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal (including oral cavity), genital and nervous system.

Purpose: It consists in identifying anomalies in pregnancy and caring for them by becoming familiar with the factors that may lead to the creation of these anomalies. To treat these anomalies in pregnancy and continue their treatment later. Preventing them when possible by diagnostic tests and analysis from the beginning of pregnancy.

Material and method:1. To identify the factors that cause these anomalies. 2. Informing the patient about risk factors. 3. Prevention and screening of these anomalies through tests and analysis. 4. Care for these patients on the basis of a descriptive diagnosis. 5. Care and supervision of the emotional side of these patients, the way they experience this period.

Conclusions: The nurse is able to understand the risk factors and the anomality displayed. Provides proper care to these patients and provides their advice. The nurse advises on consultation and diagnosis through tests and analysis to prevent them.

Keywords: congenital diseases, risk factors, prevention tests, nursing care, treatment of anomalies

134 Abstracts Book


Pneumonia, nursing care in patients with pneumonia



Arben TUSHAE-mail: [email protected]

Klementina VOGLIE-mail: [email protected]

Pneumonia is a respiratory disease. It represents an inflammatory process of lung parenchyma that results in edema of the internal tissue of the lungs and the ectuation of alveolar fluids. Based on its anatomical building components, it is also called pneumonia, for example, lobar, segmental, bilateral.

The purpose consists in recognizing the characteristics of this respiratory disease, recognizing and preventing its etiologic factors before the disease appears and agitate. Each person is treated with a pneumonia patient based on anamnesis, diagnosis, treatment medical therapists. Provide health care assistance from nursing staff.

Material & Method: 1 - Perform the clinical signs of pneumonia and distinguish it with another respiratory disease. 2 - Description and proper application of the five nursing stages to the patient. 3 - Describe the correct imaging device for pneumonia. 4 - Information on people, patients, when it is most commonly affected by pneumonia. Conclusions: The nurse achieves. 5 - stage nursing in a Pneumonia patient. He /she is able to distinguish Pneumonia’s characteristic signs and formulate his nursing diagnosis. He realizes and applies the treatment according to the doctor’s description. He advises the sick patient in what he should do and what should not be done.

Keywords: Respiratory disease, pneumonia, imagingdiagnosis, nurse treatment


VI. NEXT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE:

CALL FOR PAPERS

136 Abstracts Book

CALL FOR PAPERS

International Interdisciplinary Conference:“Comparative Studies in Modern Society; Balkans in European and Global Context”

Organizers:University of Prizren Ukshin Hoti, KOSOVOUniversity Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA University of Mitrovica Isa Boletini, KOSOVOAlbanian Sociological Association - Albanian Institute of Sociology(15th Annual International Conference)Other Partners (to be decided, before 31 May 2020)

Place & Time:University of Prizren Ukshin Hoti, KOSOVO6-7 November 2020

Deadlines:Deadline for Abstracts submission: 30 September 2020; 24.00 GMTDeadline for Joint and Special Sessions: 30 June 2020; 24.00 GMT

Conference themes: I. Central Theme: “Comparative Studies in Modern Society; Balkans in European and Global Context” II. Other themes by 15 permanent Thematic Sections (TS01-TS15): TS 01: Public sphere, Communication, Culture & Art TS 02: Population and Migration TS 03: Education and Sport TS 04: Political Studies and Law Issues TS 05: Religion, Collective Behavior and Social Movements TS 06: Marriage, Family and Community TS 07: Integration and Globalization TS 08: Childhood, Youth and Gender TS 09: Work, Professions and Organization TS 10: Theoretical, Comparative, Regional and Historical Studies TS 11: Deviance, Criminology, Public Health and Security TS 12: Ethnic Relations, Nationalism, Human Rights TS 13: Environment, Economy and Development TS 14: Science, Technology and Innovation TS 15: Student’s Section III. 15 Special Sessions & Work Shops: “The Balkans - a Comparative and Integrative Approach”

Publishing:1. Proceedings (Program and Abstracts Book, organizers, plenary sessions, thematic

sessions, Index Presenters etc.);2. Special Issues of the International Scientific Journal “Social Studies” (ISSN2309-

3455)

137Next international Conference: Call for papers

3. Special Issues of “Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development” (ISSN 2410-3411)

How to present a paper?1. Choose the Session (Thematic Sections: ST01 – ST15) to which you wish to

participate;2. Fill out the Abstract Submission Form and submit to the Conference Secretary.

Please don’t submit more than two abstracts for the entire conference. In case when two abstracts are submitted those must not refer to a single Thematic Section;

3. Wait for the confirmation of abstract receipt; those who do not receive confirmation within 10 days should contact the secretary of the conference: [email protected]

4. Wait for the Acceptance Letter;5. Contact with Secretary of the conference for the registration procedures;6. Take the confirmation of the registration.

How to Submit Abstracts OnlineGo to: https://www.sociology.al/en/conferences/call-papers Click: Conferences – Call for papers - Online abstracts submissionSelect a Thematic Session (1-15)Fill out the Paper Proposal Form/ Abstract Submission Form & Submit

Contacts: Rifat MORINA, University of Prizren Ukshin Hoti, KOSOVOMatilda LIKAJ, University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres, ALBANIA Elda KUTROLLI, Albanian Institute of Sociology, AIS-ALBSA


138 Abstracts Book

Abdulwahab SANI: 79Abela LAME: 58Abidun CHRISTIANA: 21Ada ALIAJ: 111Adisa TELITI: 46Adriana QAFA: 31, 48Afrim YZEIRI: 46Agim LEKA: 61Aida BITRI: 127Aida GOGA: 90Alba RAMALLARI: 78Albana DEMALIAJ: 56Albana HALILI: 11, Albert NIKOLLA: 8Alda ISARAJ: 36Alda MIFTARI: 111Ali PAJAZITI: 4, 10, 53 Alida TOMJA: 54, 74Alketa DUMANI: 10, 54, 74 Alma GOLGOTA: 11, 101, 114Almedina AZEMI: 35Alnida SHANO KOROSHI: 40Alsa KAZIU: 124Alush MUSAJ: 7Ambera DUKA: 8Andon KUME: 4, 9, 52Andrea GUDHA: 9Anila PLAKU: 29Anila SULAJ: 28Anisa SUBASHI: 67Anisa TRIFONI: 76Anita MUHO: 10, 72Anna WESSELY: 4 Anxhela FERHATAJ: 123Anxhela GJECKA: 125

VII. INDEX – PRESENTERS & CONTRIBUTORS

Anxhela KORSI: 116Anxhela TANASICA: 85Apostolos G. PAPADOPOULOS: 4Arben TUSHA: 134Arber ELMADHI: 5Ariel ORA: 123Arjan DEDEJ: 10, Arjola MITAJ: 86Armanda XHANI BAÇA: 17Artjola MIFTARI: 132Aurora BALUKJA: 20, 99Aylin TOPAL: 4Azeta TARTARAJ: 4, 8Baby KURIAN: 121Bamidele OLA: 65Baviola SHATRO: 4Belina BEDINI: 57Belinda HALILAJ: 108Besim GOLLOPENI: 4, 7, 8, 30Besmir PREMALAJ: 112Bitila SHOSHA: 11, 130Blerim KOLA: 113Blerina XHAKOLLI: 9, 11, 49, 130Blerta GËRMËNJI: 100, 115Bora MYRTO: 124Borana KACI: 37Borut RONČEVIĆ: 4Brian CONWAY: 89Brikena DHULI: 83Brikena LIKAJ: 22Briseida MEMA: 9Brunela TREBICKA: 11Brunilda KONDI: 28Brunilda KOTHERJA: 50Brunilda LAÇI: 33

139Index – Presenters & Contributors

Brunilda LICAJ: 11, 130Brunilda ZENELAGA: 4, 9Claudio PARAVATI: 6, 7, 8Denis KULLA: 5Diana MONE: 11, 14, 34, 43Diana SHEHAJ: 61DijanaVICAN: 4, 7Dilina BESHIRI: 43, 47Dona DYRMISHI: 119Doreta KUÇI TARTARI: 4, 11, 32, 130Dorinela ÇUPI: 5Drita HIMA: 100, 114, 115Drita ISUFAJ: 9Eda TEREZI: 131Edit BREGU: 95Edlira BYLO: 59Edlira KARAJ: 45Edlira LLAZO: 11, 130Edlira TROPLINI ABDURAHMANI:

10, 13Edmira XHAFERRA: 11, 127, 130Eduart LIKA: 94Egesi JONATHAN CHIDOMERE: 66Egesi JULIET ADAKU: 66Ela GOLEMI: 4, 9, 116, 119Ela ZAIMI: 103Elda KUTROLLI: 1, 5, 137Elda TARTARI: 36, 107Elda ZOTAJ: 10, Eli VYSHKA: 115Elma KODRA: 100, Elton NOTI: 8Elvina JUSUFAJ: 108Emilda ROSENI: 39, 40Emiliano MANKOLLI: 125Emirjeta KUNIQI: 104, 105Endri BALLA: 117Enerida MOLLOSMANI: 80Enida KUME: 88Enis SULSTAROVA: 4Enis URUÇI: 104, 105Enkelejda CENAJ: 1, 5, 11, 81, 93Enver BYTYCI : 11, Eralda ZHILLA: 85Erion MALI: 126Eris ZEQO: 9, 124Esilda LUKU: 11,

Evis GARUNJA: 10, 68Fatjon LAMI: 90Fatjona DHIMITRAQI BUSHI: 125Fatmire KRASNIQI: 104Fatos TARIFA: 4Fejzi LILA: 55Fjolla PECI: 38Fjoralba SATKA: 14, 34, 43Flora MERKO: 78Gaqo TANKU: 10Gazmira BRAHUSHI: 128, 129Gentiana KRAJA: 9Gentjana TARAJ: 39, 40, 74Gerald ÇEKA: 5Greta JANI: 42Greta PETRITI: 120Griselda ABAZAJ: 4, 8Griselda ZAKOVA: 5Hysen HODA: 117, 118Ikbale TOTA: 111Ilaz HAJRA: 131Ilir GEDESHI: 4, 8Ilirjan GJIKA: 14Irena NIKAJ: 4Irida GOXHAJ: 103Irida IKONOMI: 102Irila MATERA: 43Iris MANÇI: 49Isak SHEMA: 29Ismet TEMAJ: 4, 7Izet ZEQIRI: 4Jak SIMONI: 11, 14, 91Jani SOTA: 27, 92Jasminka LAŽNJAK: 4Jehona GJERMIZI: 113Jelena GRUJIĆ: 53Jelka GOŠNIK: 25Jonida AVDULAJ: 41, 117Jonida LAMÇJA METHASANI: 111Jorde JAKIMOVSKI: 4Julejda ALIAJ GËRXHI: 58Julian ÇOTA: 106Julinda CILINGIRI: 10, 80Juljana LAZE: 10, 70, 87Jurgen GOLEMI: 120Justin MIHANI: 126Juventina NGJELA: 20, 99

140 Abstracts Book

Kaltrina ZEKOLLI: 67Katarina SKOKO: 98Katerina CYCJA: 10Klea FANIKO: 4Klementina VOGLI: 133, 134Klodian MUCO: 9, 41, 78, 86, 118, 120Kozeta LIGEJA: 57Krešimir ŽAŽAR: 4, 25Kristel BOZHIQI: 127Kseanela SOTIROFSKI: 4, 7, Laura GJYLI: 103Ledia KASHAHU: 10, 26,Lekë SOKOLI: 1, 4, 6, 7, 62, 96Liljana HOXHOLLI: 50Liljana RECKA: 9Lindita LUTAJ: 36, 107Lindita MUKLI: 4, 9Linert LIREZA: 9Luan SHAHOLLARI: 110Luan SINANAJ: 128Luftim CANIA: 11, Luiza LLURI: 101, 114Luljeta KODRA: 23Lumanita IOSIF: 27, 90M. Chairul BASRUN UMANAILO: 130Majlinda LICI KOCI: 93Majlinda SANA: 8, 11, Maliqe MULOLLI – JAHMURATAJ: 31Manjola ZACELLARI: 9Mariza KERBIZI: 9Marsela HARIZAJ: 44 Marsela TURKU: 10, 73Marsida ISMAILI: 10Marsida KRASNIQI: 102Marsida VISHKURTI: 41, 86Matilda LIKAJ: 1, 8, 10, 22, 32, 97Merita PONI: 9Merita XHIXHA: 11 Merlina POGRAZHA: 11, 33Mira PIRDENI: 69Miranda ENESI: 77Miranda RIRA: 106Mirela SINANI: 63Mirjam REÇI: 10Mirlinda VEJSELI: 40Natasha HODA: 113, 117, 118Nathan CHAPMAN: 18

Nevila QARDAKU: 45Nikollaq TEREZI: 131Nora MALAJ: 69Oladipo ADEMOLA: 21Olga KUTSENKO: 4Olivera PRESI: 76Olsa XHINA: 75Oltion KADAIFCIU: 16Orest MUÇA: 1Oriola HAMZALLARI: 10, 132 Orion MUCAJ: 102Orneda GEGA HOXHA: 82Ornela TABAKU: 97Ornela ZHILLA: 80Ortenca KOTHERJA: 50Osman METALLA: 4, 8Parashqevi DRAÇI: 18Plarent ANAMALI: 59Ramiola KALEMI: 11, 23Rando DEVOLE: 8Redona RUSTEMAJ: 83Rexhep QOSJA: 6, 7Rezarta CARA: 114Rezarta KALAJA: 9, 102Rifat MORINA: 137Rinela KAPCIU: 11, 130Rizvan TERSHALLA: 10, 14, 91Robert KOSOVA: 11, 130Roland SAHATCIJA: 123Romina GURASHI: 126Rozana PETANI: 26, 98Rozeta ARAPI: 5Rudina ALIMERKO: 51Rudina HOXHA: 10, 81, 93, 95Russell KING: 4, 6, 8Sabri KIÇMARI: 5Sedat ISLAMI: 63Sergiu BALTATESCU: 5Servet PËLLUMBI: 4, 7Skender DEMALIAJ: 56Suela KASTRATI: 9Suzana SAMARXHI: 77Tea FEIMI: 113Teki KURTI: 60, 91Tonin GJURAJ: 4Tugrul KESKIN: 4Vaeld ZHEZHA: 120

141Index – Presenters & Contributors

Valbona OMERI: 16Veneranda HAJRULLA: 44, Vilson XHAFERRAJ: 5Violeta MANJANI: 47Violeta ZANAJ: 11, 102, 133, 134

Xhafer RAKIPLLARI: 10, 103Xhezmije LULO: 128, 129Xhuljeta KRASTA: 55Zenel SINA: 31, 48Zoica ZHARKALLI: 11, 130

University Ukshin Hoti of Prizren, KOSOVO6 - 7 November 2020

International Interdisciplinary Conference

“Comparative Studies in Modern Society: Balkans in European and Global Context”(15th Annual International Conference)

Conference themes: I. Central Theme: “Comparative Studies in Modern Society; Balkans in European and Global Context” II. Special Sessions: “The Balkans - a Comparative and Integrative Approach” III. Other themes by 15 permanent Thematic Sections (TS01-TS15): TS 01: Public sphere, Communication, Culture & Art TS 02: Population and Migration TS 03: Education and Sport TS 04: Political Studies and Law Issues TS 05: Religion, Collective Behaviour and Social Movements TS 06: Marriage, Family and Community TS 07: Integration and Globalization TS 08: Childhood, Youth and Gender TS 09: Work, Professions and Organization TS 10: Theoretical, Comparative, Regional and Historical Studies TS 11: Deviance, Criminology, Public Health and Security TS 12: Ethnic Relations, Nationalism, Human Rights TS 13: Environment, Economy and Development TS 14: Science, Technology and Innovation TS 15: Student’s Section

Deadline for abstracts submission: 30 September 2020; 24.00 GMT(Abstracts: Only English, by Abstract Submission Form, or On-line)


We are looking forward to meeting you in Prizren, KOSOVO in November 2020!9 789928 208996

ISBN 978-9928-208-99-6

Documents

ISBN 978-9928-208-99-6 Proceedings...ISBN 978-9928-208-99-6 • 168 Papers and Presentations • 270 Authors, Co-Authors, and Contributors • 18 Countries • Plenary Session, 15