about the Irish languageIrish is an ancient language, with a limited number of speakers nowadays, but it still attract many people interested in Irish and Celtic culture.

The earliest form of the language, Primitive Irish, is found in ogham inscriptions up to about the 4th century. After the conversion to Christianity, Old Irish begins to appear as glosses in the margins of Latin manuscripts, beginning in the 6th century, until it gives way in the 10th century to Middle Irish. Modern Irish dates from about the 16th century. http://www.irishlanguage.net/irish/history.asp

As for nouns, in Irish there are 5 cases: the 4 like those in German as well as the vocative as the 5th case. Iin the official standard there are supposedly only now 3 cases, whereby nominative, accusative and dative are combined.

Nouns inflect according to two grammatical genders (inscní): masculine (firinscneach) and feminine (baininscneach).

special characters: á, ú, ó, í (the accent on the letter is called fada)

Two genders

Declination language - nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, vocative watch sentence construction

pronunciation:

in Irish there are broad vowels (A, O, U) and slender vowels (I, E) there is no letter K

there are tonic accentsvowels: /a/ - a, /è/ - e, /*/ e in endings, the a in the words ag, na, an/ö/ varies (rare sound)/é/: é, ae/i/ i/o/ o/oy/ oy/ay/ ay, /u/ u/ow/ au

- gh end of wordconsonants/b/ b/d/ d/f/ f , ph/g/ g/güe/ dh+ broad/dj/ gh + slender/k/ c/kv/ qu + a, o/s/ - s + broad/z/ -/š/ s + slender /t/ t, + broad /y/ gh + slender, /ye/ ia /pause/ - h as a consonant on its own (not preceded by c or p - h makes a vowel sound longer. /th/ t+ slender (pronounce like Thin)/v/ v

special characters: á, ú, ó, í

for verbs ending with "n" pronounce /en/a slender vowel before consonant is followed by slender vowel after the consonant; same rule with broad.

LenitionLenition is a "softening" (a.k.a. "aspiration") of the consonant sound at the beginning of a word or syllable. It only happens to certain sounds: b, c, d, f, g, m, p, s, t; other letters are unaffected. In the new/modern style, where an h is added after the consonant. the letter s is not lenited when it is directly followed by one of c, p, t, m, or f, since there's no way (in Irish) that you could pronounce something like shf or shc.

do phoca - your pocketdo stair - your history. on adjectives after a masculine genitive singular noun (ex. an chroí dhubh = of the black heart)after mo or do (ex. mo shaol = my life)after a when it means "his" (ex. a shaol = his life)on masculine genitive singular nouns after the article (ex. an chroí = of the heart) (if you have d, t, or s but the consonant before is d, n, t, l, s, there is no lenition. on masculine attribute adjectives --> grian the = hot sun.

Eclipsis

Eclipsis is an "eclipsing" (obviously) of the initial consonant sound of a word by another consonant sound. It only affects seven sounds: b, c, d, f, g, p, and t; essentially what happens is that you only pronounce the eclipsing consonant(s) - the eclipsed letter gets totally left out of the pronunciation (except for ng). However, when writing one of these things you write the eclipsing letter followed by the eclipsed letter. The rules for what happens to each go like this:

• b is eclipsed by m to become mb• c is eclipsed by g to become gc• d is eclipsed by n to become nd• f is eclipsed by bh to become bhf (two letters, but one sound)• g is eclipsed by n to become ng (note that this is pronounced not just as a

straight n, but as the hybrid ng sound, much like an ng in English)• p is eclipsed by b to become bp• t is eclipsed by d to become dt

on plural genitive nouns after the article (ex. na bpóg = of the kisses)after any of the plural possessive articles, like "our", "your" (pl.), "their" (ex. ár ngrá = our love, bhur bpósadh = your wedding, a gcostas = their cost)after some preposition+article combinations - you'll have to memorize which ones, but they can be learned with use (ex. ar an mbord = on the table, ón gcósta = from the coast, as an bPoblacht = out of the Republicafter the preposition i (ex. i mbosca = in a box)

Article

an article is a small word that tells you how many units of noun there are, and what gender the noun is. Numbers and portions can be used as articles.

1 kg pratai ( article + measure + genitive of noun) an cupan caife (article + measure + noun in genetive form)

The Irish equivalent of the English word "one"v in counting (as used in phrases like "ten big ones", etc.) is "ceann", literally "head". The cardinal numeral two has the effect of aspirating it and numbers seven to ten eclipse it. Unlike regular nouns following numbers, "ceann" is put in the plural ("cinn") from number three up: Q. Cá mhéad? -- How many?A. Dhá cheann. -- Two.A. Trí cinn. -- Three.A. Seacht gcinn. -- Seven.

possessive articles

mo, lenite the first consonant of the followingword if possible. preceding a vowel: m'

ar take an eclipsis on the consonnantin the following word following word preceded by a vowel: ár n

dolenite the first consonant of the followingword if possible. preciding a vowel: d'

bhurtake an eclipsis on the consonnantin the following word following word preceded by a vowel: bhur n

a (his) meaning "his" lenite the first consonant of the followingword if possible. a (= her) no change in following wordfollowing word preceded by a vowel: a h

atake an eclipsis on the consonnantin the following word following word preceded by a vowel: a n

the ordinal number indicates a position or a rank. ordinal numbers (for counting) 0 = nialas1 = aon2 = dó 3 - trí 4 -ceathair5 -cúig 6 -sé 7 - seacht 8 - ocht 9 - naoi 10 deich 11 -a haon déag 12 - dó dhéag 13 trí cinn déag 14 - ceithre cinn déag 15 - cúig cinn déag16 - sé cinn déag, 17- seacht cinn déag18 - ocht cinn déag19 - naoi cinn déag 20 - fiche. 21 - fiche a haon22 - fiche a dó23 - fiche a trí 24 - fiche a ceathair25 fiche a cuig

1. = an chéad2. = an dara3 = an tríú4. = an ceathrú5. = an cúigiú6. = an séú7. = an seachtú8. = an ochtú9. = an naoú10. = -deichiú11. = an t-aonú ceann déag12. = an dara ceann déag13. = an tríú ceann déag14. = an ceathrú ceann déag15. = an cúigiú ceann déag16 = an séú ceann déag17 = an seachtú ceann déag18. = an ochtú ceann déag19. = an naoú ceann déag20. = an fichiú21. an chéad ceann fichiú22. = an dara ceann fichiú23. an tríú ceann fichiú24. an ceathrú ceann fichiú25. an cúigiú ceann fichiú

A noun A noun is a word to name a person, a place or thing.

Common nouns are the names for things we can see and touch. Abstract nouns are the names for things we cannot see and touch. Proper nouns are the special names, used for a person, a place or a thing. A proper noun starts with a capital letter. As for nouns, in Irish there are 5 cases: the 4 like those in German as well as the vocative as the 5th case. In the official standard there are supposedly only now 3 cases, whereby nominative, accusative and dative are combined.

Nouns inflect according to two grammatical genders (inscní): masculine (firinscneach) and feminine (baininscneach). Basically, those living things which are male are named with masculine nouns, for female creatures then feminine nouns.

But, as in any language, there are definite exceptions to the rule: e.g.: stail = stallion is feminine, cailín = girl is masculine (about the suffix -ín see below)- for objects, one has to learn the noun with its gender.

FIRINSCNEACH - MASCULINE / BAININSCNEACH - FEMININE Next you need to know that nouns in Irish belong to one of two groups called firinscneach - - masculine and baininscneach - - feminine. Male and female gender has a little to do with it although it is not the only criterion. Cailín - - a girl is masculine and stail - - a stallion is feminine

Do you need to know whether a noun is masculine or feminine? For accurate writing you should. Do not be put off by this however. Few Irish speakers and a surprising number of writers are unsure of the inscne - gender of many Irish nouns. The main thing is to use your Irish "ceart nó cearr - right or wrong". The learner must have the courage to disregard the misguided criticism of the perfectionists and carry on. They mean well but do not allow them to discourage you. Knowledge of masculine and feminine will come with familiarity.

The following table shows masculine and feminine nouns with the definite article singular. I have tried to cover all the possible variants with the nouns I have selected, nouns beginning with consonants, with vowels, and with "s". They behave differently.

Note:(a) the nouns beginning with consonants; (b) those beginning with vowels; and (c) those beginnning with "s".

The beginning of the word is treated differently in masculine and feminine nouns starting with a consonant; a vowel; or "s". Can you make out the six rules from this list:

Noun withIndefinite article

As BéarlaIn English

InscneGender

Noun with definite article

As BéarlaIn English

An Chéad Díoclaonadh - - The First Declensionbád a boat m. an bád the boatcarr a car m an carr the carfear a man m. an fear the mandíon a roof m. an díon the roofcléireach a clerk m an cléireach the clerkmarcach a rider m an marcach the rideramadán a fool m. an t-amadán the foolarm an army m an t-arm the armyéan a bird m an t-éan the birdsagart a priest m an sagart the priestseabhac a hawk m an seabhac the hawkssíol (a) seed m an síol the seed

An Dara Díoclaonadh - - The Second Declension

bróg a shoe fem. an bhróg the shoecuileog a fly fem. an chuileog the flypáirc a field fem. an pháirc the fieldclann offspring fem. an chlann the childrenleabharlann a book fem. an leabharlann the libraryáit a place fem. an áit the placeaois (an) age fem. an aois the ageim butter m. an t-im the butterseachtain week fem an tseachtain the weeksúil an eye fem. an tsúil the eyesráid a street fem. an tsráid the street

An Tríú Díoclaonadh - - The Third Declensionbuachaill a boy m. an buachaill the boyfeirmeoir a farmer m. an feirmeoir the farmergleann a valley / glen m. an gleann the valleycuid part fem. an chuid the part

mil honey fem. an mhil the honeysmacht control m. an smacht the controlGaeltacht an Irish-speaking area fem. an Ghaeltacht the Gaeltachtam time m. an t-am the timeéagóir injustice fem an éagóir the injusticesioc frost m. an sioc the frostsos an interval m. an sos the intervalseanmóir a sermon fem. an tseanmóir the sermon

An CeathrúDíoclaonadh - - The Fourth Declension madra a dog m. an madra the dogcailín a girl m.!! an cailín the girlgloine (a) glass fem. an ghloine the glassfáilte (a) welcome fem. an fháilte the welcomeearra a commodity m. an t-earra the commodityuisce water m. an t-uisce the water aiste an essay fem. an aiste the essayoíche a night fem. an oíche the nightsáile sea-water m. an sáile the sea-waterseilide a snail m an seilide the snailsláinte health fem. an tsláinte the healthslí road, way fem an tslí the waysuáilce virtue fem. an tsuáilce the virtue

An Cúigiú Díoclaonadh - - The Fifth Declension

traein a train fem. an traein the traincaora a sheep fem an chaora the sheepcara a friend m. an cara the friendcéir wax fem. an chéir the waxuimhir a number fem an uimhir the number

Ainmfhocail Neamhrialta - - Irregular Nounsbean a woman fem. an bhean the womanteach a house m. an teach the housemí a month fem. an mhi the month

So now you know the rules for the tuiseal ainmneach - the nominative case with and without an :

complex noun:

mias ríse. compound nouns in Irishby Abigail - http://www.daltai.com/bláthfhleasc (m-f) - garland (= "flower loop") The first component (anam, bláth, réalt, lámh) is the one that "acts like an adjective." Gender and declension are taken from the second component. Hyphens are only used to separate identical consonants, e.g. lámh-mhaisiú - manicure (= "hand adornment")

For the genitive, there are two possibilities. The qualifying noun can be used attributively (i.e. as an adjective) or as a noun in apposition: gloine beorach - a beer glass (appositive) gloine bheorach - a glass of beer (attributive)

bréagáin - toys siopa - shop --> siopa bhréagáin (toy-shop)

Appositive genitives are never lenited. Attributive genitives are treated just like attributive adjectives (i.e. lenited after feminine nouns or plurals ending on slender consonants) with the exception that the DeNTaLS rule does apply (it doesn't for attributive adjectives): an bhean dheireanach (attributive adjective) an bhean deiridh (attributive genitive)

Of course you only see a difference between the two if the first noun is feminine or a weak plural (and the second one starts with a consonant that admits lenition), and there's not always (or even usually) a significant difference of meaning - a nead circe is pretty much always a nead chirce and vice versa! But it's still a worthwhile distinction and I do wish grammar books would stress it just a bit more.

The genitive case www.irishgaelictranslator.com/articles/grammar/genitive-case/The genitive case, in general, is used to take Noun A and use it to describe, define, limit, or modify Noun B. The genitive case is a signal that Noun A is related to Noun B in a close and intimate way: in English we express the relation in terms of possession, origin, material, belonging and membership, and the like.

madra an bhuachalla – the boy’s dog.

bosca adhmaid – a wooden box (a box of wood)

Teachta Dála – representative of the Dáil

báidín Fheilimidh — Feilimidh’s little boat.

An indefinite noun in the genitive can also be used like an adjective, to describe a noun:

seomra folctha — room of washing (bathroom)

laoch cogaidh — war hero

dochtúir mná — a female doctor (a woman doctor)

In Irish, the genitive has two other major uses:

1.) It marks the direct of object of verbal nouns when they are used with “tá.”

Tá na mná ag déanamh na hoibre – the women are doing the work (the women are at the doing of the work

First Declension:These are generally masculine nouns that end in a broad consonant. The genitive singular is formed by making that final consonant slender, usually by adding an “i” just before it. This may cause the vowels to change:

bád -> báidleabhar -> leabhairfear -> firmac -> miciasc -> éisc

Most nouns that end in -(e)ach take the ending -(a)igh:

Éireannach -> Éireannaigh

Second Declension: these are mostly feminine nouns that end in either a broad or slender consonant. The genitive singular is formed by adding an “e” to the end of the nominative. If the nominative ends in a broad consonant, that consonant must be made slender by adding an “i” before it, and this may change the vowels like

in the first declension:

fuinneog -> fuinneoigemuc -> muicelong -> loingescian -> scéineeaglais -> eaglaise

Feminine nouns ending in -(e)ach become -(a)í:

báisteach -> báistí

Third Declension: These are both masculine and feminine, and their nominatives end in either broad or slender consonant. The genitive singular is formed by adding an “a” to the end of the nominative. If the ending is originally slender, it becomes broad:

rud -> rudamúinteoir -> múinteora

Fourth Declension: The genitive singular is identical to the nominative singular, and you can only tell the case by the context:

an cailín -> ainm an chailínGarda -> carr Garda mhóir

Fifth Declension: These are mostly feminine nouns, and they follow one of two patterns: they either end in a vowel and form the genitive singular by adding a consonant, or they end in -ir, -il, -in, and form the genitive by adding a broad “-ach.”

comharsa -> comharsancathair -> cathrachcara -> carad

There are also a handful of irregulars that don’t fit in any declension.

the plural of quantifiable nouns

When talking about more than one thing the word for "the" before masculine and feminine nouns is "na". "a" is added to some nouns in the plural, na muca (the pigs), í is added or inserted before the final broad consonant in some words for exampla na báid (the boats), there are a number of other plural forms such as í, (e)anna, (e)acha.

The following table was compiled by Focloir Scoile. When looking the word in the dictionnary, you will notice that it gives you a code for the type of noun, and gives you the irregular plural form as well.

there are 6 types of nouns in Irish - m1, m3, m4 (masculine) f2, f3, f4 (feminine)

MASCULINEModel noun m1 - bádOther nouns in this category: bacach (beggar), penn (pen), paipear (paper)

Singular Plural1. nominative bád báid 2. genitive báid bád

nominative singular is spelled the same as genitive pluralgenitive singular is spelt the same as nominative plural.

-ach --> -aigheann --> -inn-ioch --> -igh-ear --> eir

Model noun m3 - cainteoirOther nouns in this category: gnolacht , tincéir

Singular Plural1. nominative cainteoir cainteoirí 2. genitive cainteora cainteoirí

-acht --> achta, achtai-ceir --> -ceara, ceari

Model noun m4 - bataOther nouns in this category: feirin, ciste, runaí, ordú, cruinniú

Singular Plural1. nominative bata bataí 2. genitive bata bataí

-in --> iní--iste --> istí-naí --> naithe-dú --> daithe (genitive, and plural forms) --niú --> nithe (genitive and plural forms)

FEMININE

Model noun f2 - beachOther nouns in this category: bos, scornach, eaglais

Singular Plural1. nominative beach beacha 2. genitive beiche beacha

-os --> oise, osa, os-nach --> -naí, nacha, -nach-glais --> -glaise, -glaisí, -glaisí

Model noun f3 - admháilOther nouns in this category: bacach (beggar), penn (pen), paipear (paper)

Singular Plural1. nominative admháil admhála 2. genitive admhálacha admhálacha

-nacht --> nachta, nachtaí, nachtaí-ab --> aba, -abaí, -abaí

Model noun f4 - bearnaOther nouns in this category: comhairle

Singular Plural1. nominative bearna bearnaí 2. genitive bearna bearnaí

-airle--> airle, airlí, airlí

very small products are always in the plural - peas, beans,

portions:

we use the genitive to indicate portionsunits and measures - always followed by nouns in gen.one glass of water - ceann gloine uiscea piece of cake - ceann píosa cácaa slice of pizza - ceann sin de pizza

(1 l, 1 kg, 1 cup of, 1 spoonful of, 1 tin of, 1 pot of, 1 plate of, of, 1 portion of, 1 bottle of, 1 glass of)1 lítear, 1 cileagram de, 1 cupán, 1 spúnóg, , 1 stáin , 1 pota, 1 pláta, 1 chuid sin de, 1 buidéal, 1 gloineliquids and creams (yogurt) are always introduced with the noun in gen.

NOTE:food solids can have different shapes and sizes. there is a difference of meaning between "'Tá an fear ag ithe an cáis. " and 'Tá an fear ag ithe cáise. "

When we say, 'Tá an fear ag ithe an cáis. ' , we mean that he is eating the whole cheese. <-- big or small

When we say, 'Tá an fear ag ithe cáise', we mean 'the man is eating a portion of cheese'.

similar words to cheese are: arán (bread). cáca (cake). seacláid (chocolate) ,feoil,(meat) they are all the result of a process where the producer determines the size of their product.

people

Dia duit. Peter is ainm dom.Cad is ainm duit?Linda.Cad as duit?Doire. Agus tusa?Baile Átha Cliath.Cén aois thú?Ceathair déag.Slán leat!Feicfidh mé thú!

personal pronouns nominative(subject) answers the question "who"

mé sinn

tú sibh

sé, sí, siad

personal pronouns prepositional pronouns(complement) answers the question "ar?" on whom?

orm orainn

ort oraibh

air, uirthi orthu

personal pronouns dativeanswers the question ("do") "to whom"

dom duinn

duit daoibh

dó, di dóibh

Tugánn sé leabhair dom - He is giving me a book (he is gving a book to me)

personal prepositional pronouns answers the question "le?" (with whom)

liom linn

leat libh

leis, lei, leo

Is maith liom - I like.

personal prepositional pronouns answers the question "ag?" (with whom)

agam ag sinn

agat ag sibh

aige, aici ag siad

Ta agam leabhair. I have a bookdaoine (people) : díoltóir leabhar, siopadóir, , sagart, radharceolaí, garda, fear tine, fear an phoist, locksmith, taistealaí tráchtála, repairman, lúthchleasaí, bláthadóir, , dlíodóir, saol-garda. ailtire, siúinéir, fuinneog-glaine, tiománaí tacsaí, siopa-cúnta, leann, freastalaí, plumeír, bríceadóir, leictreoir, roofer, garraíodóir, duine gan dídean, ceoltóir, coisithe, welder, oibrí cruach, saoiste, doirseoir, ceamara, leabharlannaí, gruagaire , airgeadóir, airgeadóir bainc, poitigéir, altra, dochtúir, fiaclóir, othar, cócaire, attendant, cléireach, grianghrafadóir, eagarthóir, rúnaí, iascaire, coastgard. Docker, captaen, saighdiúir, suirbhéir, breitheamh, píolótach, aeróstach, foirne, teach-oibrí, craftsman, dearthóir, stiúrthóir gréasáin, slua, custaméir

briathra: oibrigh mar + profession (to work as) . déan (to make, to do) . úsáid. (to use)

Úsáideann an oibrí meaisín. Oibríonn an bhean mar altra. Déanann an t-ealaíontóir pictiúr. Déanann an dalta obair bhaile

These are examples of verbs and professions associated with the verb. (add these to your page called "verbs" and to your page called "people") to work - a worker. oibrigh - oibrí. to teach - a teacher. a mhúineadh - mhúinteoirto study -> a student. chun staidéarto think --> a thinker. smaoinigh

to play (a game) --> a player. imirt -> imreoir>to play (an instrument) -->seinn ar --> imreoir to hunt --> a hunter. to dance --> a dancer. damhsaigh --> to drive --> a driver. thiomáin -> tiománaí.to read --> a reader. a léigh -> léitheoir. to research --> a researcher. taighd -> taighdeoir. to explore --> an explorer. taiscéal -> ?to translate --> a translator. aistrigh -> aistritheora.

To clean --> a cleaner. glan -> níos glaine. to lecture --> a lecturer. léacht ->léachtóir.to manage --> a manager. bainistiúir -> le bainisteoirto employ --> an employer. a fostaigh -> fostóir.to be employed --> an employee. bheith ar fostú -> fostaí. To work in an office --> an office worker. Ag obair in oifig -> oibrí oifige.to be unemployed --> an unemployed person. a bheith dífhostaithe -> dhuine dífhostaithe. to sing -> a singer. can -> amhránaí. to buy --> a buyer. a ceannaigh -> cheannaitheoir. to sell --> a seller. díol -> díoltóir.

Pronouna pronoun is a word that can take the place of a noun. "Thing" (rud) and "person (duine)" and "location" are not exactly pronouns because they need an article you can use them to replace a noun if you can't remember its name but do not forget A feature unique to Irish is the existence of numbers referring to people alone. One person can be referred to as "duine" or "aon duine amháin", but for higher numbers of people there are special numerals:

beirt / dís = two peopletriúr = three peopleceathrar = four peoplecúigear = five peopleseisear = six peopleseachtar = seven peopleochtar = eight peoplenaonúr = nine peopledeichniúr = ten peopleaon duine dhéag = eleven peopledáréag = twelve people

For numbers of people higher than twelve, the ordinary system of numbering is used: "13 people" is "trí dhuine dhéag", etc.

when talking to someone...

http://www.daltai.com/

Lenite names in Irish in direct address: a Cháit, a Sheosaimh*, a Pheadair*, A Shiobhán. If you cannot put an 'h' after a consonant in writing, then you don't have to worry about it in speech.

'N', 'r' and 'l' can be lenited in speech, however, but it has never been the custom to indicate it in spelling, probably because not all native speakers do it (or ever have done it, apparently). So no need to worry about 'a Nóra', 'a Roibeáird', etc. (You will hear some speakers pronounce them with slender values if you listen closely).

As pressure from English has grown, Irish speakers are less and less likely to lenite non-Irish names. It varies from person to person and place to place. I heard 'A Mhelissa' from a native speaker recently. 'M', 'p', and hard 'c' seem to be lenited in foreign names quite commonly, maybe those that start with 'b' as well.

* Note that with male names, you usually make a final broad consonant slender. There are a handful of exceptions: a Liam, for example.

Pronoun

a pronoun is a word that can take the place of a noun. "Thing" (rud) and "person (duine)" and "location" are not exactly pronouns because they need an article you can use them to replace a noun if you can't remember its name but do not forget A feature unique to Irish is the existence of numbers referring to people alone. One person can be referred to as "duine" or "aon duine amháin", but for higher numbers of people there are special numerals:

beirt / dís = two peopletriúr = three peopleceathrar = four peoplecúigear = five peopleseisear = six peopleseachtar = seven peopleochtar = eight peoplenaonúr = nine peopledeichniúr = ten peopleaon duine dhéag = eleven peopledáréag = twelve people

For numbers of people higher than twelve, the ordinary system of numbering is used: "13 people" is "trí dhuine dhéag", etc.

substantive possessive pronouns

English general plural*

mine mo cheannsa mo chuidse

yours do cheannsa do chuidse

his a cheannsan a chuidseanhers a ceannsa a cuidse

ours ár gceann-na ár gcuidne

yours bhur gceannsa

bhur gcuidse

theirs a gceannsan a gcuidsean* Plural form also for non-countable things in the singular. For persons muintir instead of cuid (mo mhuintirse = my (people))

Words like"mine", "yours" etc. , also subst. possessive pronouns, that do not require an additional noun are not present in Irish. In order to make statements like "mine", "yours", one uses the nouns ceann ("head") or cuid ("share") or muintir ("people"). By juxtaposition, ("my thing and yours") one simply repeats the noun ("mo rudsa agus do rudsa").

Sin é mo cheannsa = That is mine. Sin é mo chuidse = Those are mine.

Adjectives

an adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. It can also describe who the noun or the pronoun belongs to or how many there are.

shapes (nouns) ciorcal, sorcóir, ciúb, cearnóg, triantán, con, polagán, cros, líne, corrán, dronuilleog, leath-ciorcal, réalta

colours (adjectives)

oráiste, buí, gorm, dearg, glas, dúghorm, corcra , bándearg, liath, donn dubh,ban, neamhlonrach / geal, eadrom / dorcha

exercise: is (noun -shape)(colour adjective) .Seo an ( noun - shape) (colour - adjective)

Is é an leathanach bán. The page is white.seo ar leathanach bán. - this is a white page

A personal pronoun as the subpredicate appears in the short forms preceding definite nouns after the demonstrative pronoun, because this counts as the copular form. Seo é an fear. In Ulster it's omitted: Seo an fear = This is the man.

beairic:, cathartha, bardasach, uirbeach, tráchtála, tréigthe,

happy - sonasad - bronáchdead: marbhinjured - dochrachill - tínn disabled- míchumasach (disabled person = duine míchumasaitheangry - feargachtired - tuirseach (he is tired : tá tuirse air) pregnant - beith ag iopmar clainne

adj: Gaelige - irish-language, beag: little

Verb

A verb is a word that is used to tell what a person or thing does. Verbs change according to who is involved. Verbs change according to when they take place. TO BE - One aspect of Irish syntax that is unfamiliar to speakers of other languages is the use of the copula (known in Irish as an chopail). The copula is used to describe what or who someone is, as opposed to how and where. This has been likened to the difference between the verbs "ser" and "estar" in Spanish and Portuguese, although this is only a rough approximation. The copula, which in the present tense is "is", is usually demonstrative: Is fear é: "It is a man." Is Sasanaigh iad: "They're English."

When saying "this is", or "that is", "seo" and "sin" are used: Seo í mo mháthair: "This is my mother." Sin é an muinteoir: "That's the teacher."

TO HAVE - Another feature of Irish grammar that is shared with other Celtic languages is the use of prepositional pronouns. For example, the word for "at" is "ag", which combines with the pronoun "me" (which is mé), to form agam "at me". This is used with the verb "bi" ("to be"), to form the closest equivalent of the verb "to have". Tá leabhar agam. (ag + mé): "I have a book." Tá deoch agat. (ag + tú): "You have a drink." Tá ríomhaire aige. (ag + é): "He has a computer." Tá páiste aici. (ag + í): "She has a child."

In the Irish language the verbs "to do" and "to make" are translated by the same verb : a dhéanamh. "To make" (things) is usually translated in this construction: Déanann an t-ealaíontóir pictiúr. "to do" (work) is usually rendered with such a construction: Is é an dalta obair bhaile a dhéanamh. (literally: this is the student doing homework)

Úsáideann an oibrí meaisín. V + Subject(Article + noun) + complement (noun)

The worker uses a machine. Subject(Article +noun) + verb + complement (article + noun)

Oibríonn an bhean mar altra. V + S + prep (mar) + profession

The woman works as a nurse S + V + prep (as) + C

have = Tá + prepositional pronounpersonal prepositional pronouns answers the question "ag?" (with whom)agam ag sinnagat ag sibh aige, aici ag siad

Tá agam leabhair. I have a book

Verb

A verb is a word that is used to tell what a person or thing does. Verbs change according to who is involved. Verbs change according to when they take place.

Present Tense to be - auxilliaire (use for other verbal constructions)irr bí

Tá mé Tá sinn

Tá tú Tá sibh

Tá sé, sí, Tá siad

TO BE - One aspect of Irish syntax that is unfamiliar to speakers of other languages is the use of the copula (known in Irish as an chopail). The copula is used to describe what or who someone is, as opposed to how and where. This has been likened to the difference between the verbs "ser" and "estar" in Spanish and Portuguese, although this is only a rough approximation. The copula, which in the present tense is "is", is usually demonstrative: Is fear é: "It is a man." Is Sasanaigh iad: "They're English."

Present Tense to be - bí copula irr -

is (A/C) mé is (A/C) sinn

is (A/C) tú is (A/C) sibh

is (A/C) sé, sí, is (A/C) siad

(A/C) means Attribute or complement, the part of the sentence that is not the subject nor the verb. Answers the question "what".

When saying "this is", or "that is", "seo" and "sin" are used: Seo í mo mháthair: "This is my mother." Sin é an muinteoir: "That's the teacher."

TO GO

Present continuous of TO GOirr téigh

téann mé téann sinn

téann tú téann sibh

téann sé, sí téann siad

TO HAVE - Another feature of Irish grammar that is shared with other Celtic languages is the use of prepositional pronouns. For example, the word for "at" is "ag", which combines with the pronoun "me" (which is mé), to form agam "at me". This is used with the verb "bi" ("to be"), to form the closest equivalent of the verb "to have". Tá leabhar agam. (ag + mé): "I have a book." Tá deoch agat. (ag + tú): "You have a drink." Tá ríomhaire aige. (ag + é): "He has a computer." Tá páiste aici. (ag + í): "She has a child."

Present Tense to haveTá (A/C) agam.

Tá (A/C)ag sinn.

Tá (A/C) agam.

Tá (A/C) ag sibh.

Tá (A/C)aige.aici

Tá (A/C) ag siad.

verbs:existenceto be (bí) possessionto havemovementto go - téighto go into go outthe five sensesto see, - feicto say, - abairto hear, - cloisto feel, to smell. emotions, symptomsto feel. clothing: to wear, to put on, to take off transportto carry,activitiesto do, to make - dean to clean - glan

transport

Present Tense dean (to do, to make) deanaim deanaimiddeanann tú deanann sibhdeanann sé, sí deanann siad

1st conjugation verbs have one syllable in their roots (ex: glan) - add -(e)ann to all endings except for 1st person singular -(e)aim and 1st person plural -(e)aimid2nd conjugation verbs have more than one syllable in their roots (ex: ceannaigh) - add -(a)íonn to all endings except for 1st person singular -(a)ím and 1st person

plural -(a)ímid3rd category - irregular verbsabair - saybeir - catchbí - beclois - hear/ listen dean - dofaigh - get feic - seeith - eattabhair - givetar - cometéigh - go

I

n the Irish language the verbs "to do" and "to make" are translated by the same verb : a dhéanamh. "To make" (things) is usually translated in this construction: Déanann an t-ealaíontóir pictiúr. "to do" (work) is usually rendered with such a construction: Is é an dalta obair bhaile a dhéanamh. (literally: this is the student doing homework)

Úsáideann an oibrí meaisín. V + Subject(Article + noun) + complement (noun)

The worker uses a machine. Subject(Article +noun) + verb + complement (article + noun)

Oibríonn an bhean mar altra. V + S + prep (mar) + profession

The woman works as a nurse S + V + prep (as) + C

These are examples of verbs and professions associated with the verb. (add these to your page called "verbs" and to your page called "people") to work - a worker. oibrigh - oibrí. to teach - a teacher. a mhúineadh - mhúinteoirto study -> a student. chun staidéarto think --> a thinker. smaoinighto play (a game) --> a player. imirt -> imreoir

to play (an instrument) -->seinn ar --> imreoir to hunt --> a hunter. to dance --> a dancer. damhsaigh --> to drive --> a driver. thiomáin -> tiománaí.to read --> a reader. a léigh -> léitheoir. to research --> a researcher. taighd -> taighdeoir. to explore --> an explorer. taiscéal -> ?to translate --> a translator. aistrigh -> aistritheora.To clean --> a cleaner. glan -> níos glaine. to lecture --> a lecturer. léacht ->léachtóir.to manage --> a manager. bainistiúir -> le bainisteoirto employ --> an employer. a fostaigh -> fostóir.to be employed --> an employee. bheith ar fostú -> fostaí. To work in an office --> an office worker. Ag obair in oifig -> oibrí oifige.to be unemployed --> an unemployed person. a bheith dífhostaithe -> dhuine dífhostaithe. to sing -> a singer. can -> amhránaí. to buy --> a buyer. a ceannaigh -> cheannaitheoir. to sell --> a seller. díol -> díoltóir.

ith- to eatregular verb -er

• ithim• itheann tú• itheann se, sí• ithimid• itheann sibh• itheann siad

ól - to drink regular verb -er

• ólaim• ólann tú• ólann se, sí• ólaimid• ólann sibh• ólann siad

tabhair- to give food to someone

• tugaimtugann tú

• tugann se, sí• tugaimid• tugann sibh• tugann siad

Is é an cócaire ullmhú mias ríse.

Adverb

An adverb is a word that describes a verb. Usually it describes how, where, when or how often it happens.

AdverbHow to form an adverb - An adverb is a word that describes a verb. Usually it describes how, where, when or how often it happens. The spelling of an adverb never changes.

The adverb comes mostly:

• before simple personal- or prepositional pronouns as the objecte.g.: Bhí mo mhac inné agam = My son was yesterday by me.

• after emphatic pronouns ( -sa, féin, seo) e.g. Bhí mo mhac agamsa inné = My son was by me yesterday.

• it can, like every other part of speech, move to the beginning (as a copular construction), the rest as a dir. relative clause (Is) inné a bhí mo mhac agamsa. = Yesterday, my son was by me. Inné (is ea) a bhí mo mhac agamsa. = Yesterday, my son was by me.

forming with the adverbial particle go:

form examples

go + adjective go maith, go cliste, go sciobtha

go + h+adjective (init. vowel) go hiontach, go hard

An adverb gives an indication of time, place, manner or quantityExamples :

ám : Marie is coming today.

Marie ag teacht inniu.

English Adverbs Irish Adverbsadverbs of time Dobhriathra amayesterday innétoday inniutomorrow amárachnow anoisthen ansinlater níos déanaítonight anocht

English Adverbs Irish Adverbsright now Anois díreach/lom láithreachlast night aréirthis morning an mhaidin seo/maidin inniunext week an tseachtain seo chugainnalready cheanarecently le gairidlately le déanaísoon go luathimmediately gan mhoill ( without delay )still fósyet go fóillago ó shinmodh: He treated us very kindly,

déileálfar sé dúinn an-cineálta,

adverbs of manner dobhriathra modhavery an-quite go leorpretty deasreally i ndáirírefast tapa/ tapaidhwell go maithhard cruaquickly go tapaslowly go mallcarefully go cúramachhardly éigeanbarely ar éigeanmostly den chuid is móalmost beagnachabsolutely go hiomlántogether le chéilealone i n-aonar/ina haonar/.ina n-aonar

áit : During their visit, they will come here.

Le linn na cuairte, beidh siad ag teacht anseo.

adverbs of place dobhriathra áitehere anseothere ansinover there thall ansin/ thall ansúdeverywhere i ngach áitanywhere áit ar bithnowhere áit ar bithhome ag baile/sa bhaileaway as baileout amach/ amuighchainníocht: I have enough food in the house.

Tá mé go leor bia sa teach.

adverbs of frequency dobhriathra minicíochtaalways i gcónaífrequently go minicusually de ghnáthsometimes uaireantaoccasionally ó am go hamseldom Is annamh ararely go hannamhnever riamhThere are also adverbial expressions (two or more words)

Example : Please reply at once.

Tabhair freagra láithreach.

some common adverbs:

NOT (negative form) change Tá into Níl

I am going out. ---> I am not going out.

Tá mé ag dul amach. -->- Níl mé ag dul amach.

He is in the house -> He is not in the house.

Tá sé sa teach. Níl sé sa teach.

I know --> I do not know.

Tá a fhios agam. Níl a fhios agam.

very - an- so - amhlaidh

almost - beagnachthroughout - ar fudapproximately - thartunfortunately - ar an drochuair

often - go minictogether - le chéilefor nothing - do rud ar bithtoday - lá atá inniu anntomorrow - amárachyesterday - innéat once - láithreach.

hopefully - tá súil againnof course - ar ndóighreally - i ndáiríreapparently - cosúil surely - cinnteeventually - ndeireadh na dálaprobably, maybe - is dócha, b'fhéidir.

suas and amach mean extended also: completely, fullye.g.: Tá mé caite amach = I am completely out.

Amach is amach = through and throughgach+ noun in singular --> every + noun in singular <- indicates a habit. ciumhe = always Do not use more than two adverbs in one sentence but: Learning the Irish Adverbs is very important, because its structure is used in every day conversation. The more you master, the closer you get to mastering the Irish language.

Preposition

A preposition is a word that links one noun or a pronoun to another one. Prepositions often describe where someone or something is, or where it is moving towards, or where it is moving towards. Ora particle that you can find after a verb that changes its meaning.

in, into, out, out of are location prepositioninside, outside are location adverbs

I am in the house. (no action, no movement) I am going into the house (an action, a movement) I am inside (inside replaces "in the house" no action and no movement) I am going inside (inside replaces "into the house" action and movement)

Grammar: Describing a landscape - THERE IS/THERE ARE

practise: There is a tree by the lake. There are three bales in the field. the butterfly is flying above the flower. The fish is swimming in the river. The swing is hanging from the tree. The village is on the hill. The school is at the end of the pathway. In a rural landscape, there are villages, fields, hills etc. (visualise these sentences) then analyze this:

THERE IS + SINGULAR NOUN - Is é seoTHERE ARE + PLURAL NOUN

various prepositions that can be used with a location noun: by + location, on + location, at the end of + location

to hang from something: verb with preposition.

This is an oil painting. The canvas is made of cotton. Is é seo an phéintéireacht ola. Is é an chanbhás déanta de chadás.

A table made of wood. = a wooden table. --> tábla déanta as adhmad. = Tábla adhmaidAn ornament made of porcelain = a porcelain ornament--> ornament déanta as poirceallán = ornament poircealláinA box made of cardboard = a cardboard box--> Bosca déanta as cairtchlár = bosca cairtchláir .

made by (arna ndéanamh ag)- describes the person who made the object.

This painting was made by Jack Yeats. Rinneadh an phéintéireacht ag Jack Yeats.

<---Tá an íomhá de Jack Yeats. (An íomhá a ionadaíonn Jack Yeats)

made in (a rinneadh i)- describes the place where the object was made.

"O'Connell Bridge" by Jack Yeats was made in Ireland. Rinneadh "Dhroichead Uí Chonaill" le Jack Yeats in Éirinn.

Conjunction

A conjunction is a word to join two parts of sentences or two words together. Conjunctions are used when you want to make lists, or comparisons, or explain things with two sentences.

but

or - no

and - agus

because

therefore

neither... nor

either... or

Expressions and proverbs

An expression is a group of words that never changes. A proverb is a sentence that never changes. A quote is a group of words that someone has used before and you need put them into "...." . An interjection is a single word expression and it doesn't need a full sentence.

Dia duit. Peter is ainm dom.Cad is ainm duit?Linda.Cad as duit?Doire. Agus tusa?Baile Átha Cliath.Cén aois thú?Ceathair déag.Slán leat!Feicfidh mé thú!

TaNilNi thuigim.Gabh mo leithscéal.Gabh mo leithscéal.Táim i ngra leat. ...., le do thoil?Le do thoil. Go raibh maith agat

expressions:san ám atá le teacht - in the future, sam ám a chuaigh thart - then, in the pastanois - now, currentlytá se dorcha - it is darktá se ina lá - it is daytime

Address in Irish -You can always write the address in English, because while most Irish people do not speak the language on a daily basis, it is still an important part of Irish identity. You will see and hear Irish words and sayings in many different places, for example, most road and street signs are bilingual. So it is polite to write the address in Irish-language when writing to someone who uses the language on a daily basis. DKav <-- name221b Sráide bÚicéir <--- 221b Baker Street Ailt an Chorráin <--- town (Burtonport)CO DHÚN NA nGALL <--- region DonegalEIRE <--- Ireland(fictitious address - there is no 221b Baker Street in Burtonport)

If you would to receive the News from Donegal email each month just click on info@dun-na-ngall.com to email us with the word 'subscribe' in the subject line. Má tá, ba mhaith le Dún na nGall.com labhairt leat. Cuir R-Phost againn inniu! http://www.dun-na-ngall.com/ Place names

• Dublin – Baile Átha Cliath – black pool/hole city• Galway – Gaillimh – stony river• Cork – Corcaigh – marshy place• Limerick – Luimneach – open ground• Belfast – Béal Feirste – mouth of the river Farset

the world (nouns)

An Mol Meiriceá, An Meiriceá Theas, An Ciúin-Aigean, An tAigéan Atlantach, An Eoraip, An Afraic, an Áise , An tAigéan Indianach, An Astráil, An Mol Theas,

tuaisceart (N), deisceart (S), oirthear (E) iarthar (W)I live in ...., it lives in.... , Cad as duit? - where do you you live.

Ainm & Sloinne/ Name & Surname*:Seoladh sráide / Street address:

Seoladh sráide / Delivery address*:

Fón / Phone*:

Rphost / Email*:

Special occasions (expressions)

an breithlá, Breithlá Sona!, Athbhliain faoi mhaise, La Coille, Cáisc, Nollaig, Nollaig Sona!, Oíche Chinn Bhliana, an lá, saoireLá Fhéile Pádraig Sona Duit !

OK - tá sin go bréa

The Weather

The months of the year (noun) , Eanáir, Feabhra, Marta, Aibreán, Bealtaine, Meitheamh, Lúil,Lúnasa, Mean Fómhair, Deireadh Fómhair, Samhain, Nollaig

The days of the week (noun)

An Luan, An Mhairt, An Chéadaoin, An Déardaoin, An Aoine, An Satharn, An Domhnach

the date :

An Mhairt, an 28. Mean Fómhair

The seasons (nouns)

earrach, samhradh, fómhar, geimhreadh

Special occasions (expressions)

an breithlá, Breithlá Sona!, Athbhliain faoi mhaise, La Coille, Cáisc, Nollaig, Nollaig Sona!, Oíche Chinn Bhliana, an lá, saoire

Cén t-ám é? - lá- the day, maidin - the morning, tráthnóna the evening, oiche - the night,ám - time, thart - the past, todhchai - the future, faoi lathair - the present

Any indication of time or date in a sentence, answers a question "nuair a? When", this types of complements are called complements of time / ám"

A century - céad bliain A decade - deich mbliana a year - blí a month - mí a day - lá an hour - uaira minute - nóiméad

During the day: Between midnight and sunrise - the nightIdir meán oíche agus éirí gréine - an oíche.Between sunrise and noon - the morningIdir éirí gréine agus meán lae - an maidin.between noon and sunset - the afternoonidir meán lae agus luí na gréine - an tráthnóna between sunset and midnight - the evening idir luí na gréine agus na meán oíche - an tráthnóna.

ar maidin - 0:00 - 12:00 . um tráthnóna -12:00 - 0:00

00.00 - meán oiche. 9:00 naoi ar maidin.9:05 cuig noimead tar eis a naoi ar maidin. 09:15 ceathru tar eis a naoi ar maidin. 9:25 fiche a cuig tar eis naoi ar maidin. 09.30 - leathuair tar eis a naoi ar maidin. 9:40 fiche noimead chun a naoi ar maidin. 9:45 ceathru chun a naoi ar maidin. 10.00 - deich a chlog ar maidin. 12.00 - meán lae21:00 - naoi a chlog um tráthnóna

when you want to express duration, use "for" (ar feadh + number of years, months, days, hours, minutes or seconds.

Direct and Indirect Objects

by http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/

A direct object is the receiver of action within a sentence, as in "He hit the ball."

Be careful to distinguish between a direct object and an object complement/aposition:

• They named their daughter Natasha.• ainmnithe siad a n-iníon Natasha

In that sentence, "daughter" is the direct object and "Natasha" is the object complement, which renames or describes the direct object.

The indirect object identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is performed. The direct object and indirect object are different people or places or things. The direct objects in the sentences below are in green; the indirect objects are in yellow.

• The teacher gave A's. to his students• Thug an múinteoir A's a chuid mac léinn • Grandfather left all his money to Stephen and Laura• Seanathair fhág a chuid airgid go léir a Stephen agus Laura • Melissa sold her boat to me• Melissa dhíol di bád dom

Sentence structures:

complement of time - "when" nuair a?complement of place - "where" áit? complement of manner - "why? cén fáth? genitive - "whose" or "of what" ar cad?direct and indirect object complement - what, who (cad é? a?) to what/for what (le cad? le hiad?)

Dearbhú uilechoteann Chearta an Duine Naisiun Aontaithe (10 Nollaig 1948) http://ga.dofollow.be/wiki/Dearbh%C3%BA_Uilechoiteann_Chearta_an_Duine

na Náisiún AontaitheAg teacht chun saoil dóibh, is ionann iad na daoine go léir, isionann a saoirse, a ndínit agus a gcearta. Tá ciall agus coinsias acu go léir, agus dualgas orthu caitheamh le chéile mar a bheadh bráithre iontu.

Tá gach aon duine i dteideal na gceart a leagtar amach sa Dearbhú seo, beag beann ar an gcine, ar dhath na clí, ar an ngnéas, ar an teanga dhúchais, ar an gcreideamh, ar an mbarúil pholaitiúil nó eile, ar an gcúlra náisiúnta nó social ,ar an maoin shaolta, ar an dúchas nó ar stádas ar bith eile.

Text in English The Universal Declaration of Human Rights by The United Nations (december 10, 1948) All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

from Na Boithri (The Roads) by Padraic Pearse (1907) Beidh cuimhne i Ros na gCaoragh go héag ar an oíche thug fear Bhaile Atha Cliath an fhleá duinn i dteach scoile an Turlaigh Bhig. Ní raibh d'ainm ná de shloinne againn ar an bhfear céanna riamh ach fear Bhaile Atha Cliath. Sé adeireadh Peaitin Pharaic linn gur fear scríofa páipeír nuaíochta é.

Do léadh Peaitín an páipéar Gaeilge do thagadh go dtí an mhaistreas gach seachtain, agus is beag ni nach raibh ar eolas aige, mar do bhíobh cur síos ar an bpáipear sin ar imeachtaí an Domhain Thiar agus ar imeachtaí an Domhain Thoir agus ní bhiobh teora leis a méid feasa do bhíodh ag Peaitin le tabhairt duinn gach Domhnach ag geata an tséipéil.

Adeiradh se linn go raibh an chuimse airgid ag fear Bhaile Atha Cliath, mar go raibh dhá chéad punt (£ 200) sa mbliain ag dul dó as ucht an páipéar sin do scríobhadh gach uile sheachtain.

Thugadh fear Bhaile Atha Cliath cuiairt coicise no miosa ar an Turlach gach bliain.

The Roads by Padraic Pearsetranslation by Desmond Maguire (Mercier Press - 1968)Rossnageeragh will always remember the night that the Dublin Man threw a party for us in Turlagh Beg Schoolhouse. We never called him anything else except "The Dublin Man". Peaitin Pharaic told us that he was a man who wrote for the newspapers.

Peaitin used to read the Gaelic paper that the mistress bought every week and there was little he did not know for the events of the Western World and the happenings of the Eastern World were always described in it, and there was no end to the information he would give us every Sunday at the chapel gate.

He told us that the Dublin Man had a stack of money for there was two hundred pounds (£200) a year coming to him for writing that paper every week.

The Dublin Man came to Turlagh to spend a fortnight or month, every year.

Na Boithre - The Roads (Padraic Pearse)

Mercer Press 1968An bhliain airithe seo (an Fear Bhaile Atha Cliath) do chuir se gaim scoile amach ag glaoch bocht agus nocht chun flea agus feasta do bhi se do chomoradh duinn i dteach na scoile. D'fhogair se go mbeadh ceol agus damhsa agus oraideacha Gaelge ann; go mbeadh piobaire ann on gCeathru Rua; go mbeacht Brid Ni Mhainin ann chun "Condae Mhuigheo" do thabhairt uaithi; go n-inseodh Mairtin Iascaire sceal fiannaiochta; go n-aithriseodh sean-Una Ni Ghiallghais dan mura mbeadh piachan ar an gceatuir; agus go ndeanfadh Marcuisin Mhichil Ruaidh dreas damhsa muna mbeadh na scoilteacha go rodhona air. Niorbh eol d'einne na scoilteacha do bheith ar Mharcuisin riamh ach nuair do hiarrthai air damhsa a dheanahm.

"Bedam but ta me marbh ag na schoilteacha le seachtain" adeireadh se i gconai, nuair do luafai damhsa. Ach ni túisce do thosnaiodh an píobaire ar 'Tatther Jack Walsh' ná do chaitheadh Marcuisín a cháibín san aer, 'hup!' adeireadh sé, agus do fágtaí an t-urlár faoi.

The Roads by Padraic Pearse, translated by Desmond Maguire for Mercer Press. One year (the Dublin Man) sent out word inviting poor and ragged to a party he was throwing for us at the schoolhouse. He promised that there would be music and dancing and Gaelic speeches at it; that there would be a piper there from Carraroe; that Brid Ni Mhainin would come to sing "Condae Mhuigheo"; that Martin the Fisherman would tell a story about Fionn and the Fianna; that old Una Ni Ghreelis would recite a poem if the creature hadn't got the hoarseness and that Marcuseen MhichilRuaidh would do a stepdance if his rheumatism wasn't too bad.

Nobody ever knew Marcuseen to have rheumatism except when he was asked to dance. "Bedam, but I'm dead with the pains for a week," he'd always say, when a dance was hinted. But no sooner would the piper sound up 'Tatther Jack Walsh,' than Marcuseen would throw his old hat in the air, say 'hup', and take the floor.

Na Boithre - The Roads (Padraic Pearse)

Mercer Press 1968

Do bhí comhluadar Chóil Lábhrais ag ól tae tráthnóna na flea. 'An rachamaid ag teach na scoile anocht, a dheaide?' arsa Cuimin Chóil lena athair. 'Gabhfaidh. Duirt an tAthair Rónán go mba mbuaith leis an pobal uile a dhul ann.' 'Nach againn a bheas an spraoi!' arsa Cuimín 'Fanfaidh tusa sa mbaile, a Nóra,' adeir a mháthair, 'le aire a thabahairt don pháiste.'Do chuir Nora pus uirthi fein ach níor labhair sí. Tar eis tae do chuaigh Cól agus an bhean siar sa seomra le hiad fein do ghleasadh chun bóthair. 'Mo lean nach gasur fir a rinne Dia dhíom", adeir Nóra lena deartháir. 'Muise, tuige?" arsa Cuimín? 'Chuile chuige nios fearr na a cheile," arsa Nóra. Leis sin thug si bosóg bheag don leanbh do bhí idir bheith ina chodlach is ina dhuiseacht san chliabán. Do chuir an leanbh beic as. 'Ara, eist leis an bpáiste,'arsa Cuimin. 'Má choiseann mo mháthair ag beicíl e, bainfidh si an chluas díot. 'Is cuma liom na bhaineann sí an dá chluais díom," arsa Nóra.

The Roads by Padraic Pearse, translated by Desmond Maguire for Mercer Press. The Col Labhras family where at tea the night of the party. "Will we be going to the schoolhouse tonight, daddy?" Cuimin Col asked his father "Yes. Father Ronan said that he would like all the people to go." "Won't we have the spree!" Cuimin exclaimed. "You'll stay at home, Nora," the mother said, "To mind the baby."Nora made a face but didn't speakAfter tea, Col and his wife went into the bedroom to dress for the party. "It's a pity that God did not make me a boy," Nora said to her brother. "Why?" Cuimin asked. "For one reason better than another," she answered and with that gave a little slap to the child who was half-asleep and half-awake in the cradle. The baby let a howl out of him. "Will you mind the child, there," Cuimin said. "If my mother hears him crying, she'll take the ear off you.' "I don't care if she takes the two ears off me."

What is the Gaeltacht? http://www.livinginireland.ie/en/community/language/

Gaeltacht is the Irish word meaning ‘Irish speaking region’. The Gaeltacht consists of areas in Ireland where Irish is still spoken as the community language. The Gaeltacht covers large parts of counties Donegal, Mayo, Galway and Kerry and also parts of counties Cork, Meath and Waterford.

Where can I get more information about the Gaeltacht?

Údarás na Gaeltachta was established in 1980 and is the regional authority responsible for the economic, social and cultural development of the Gaeltacht: www.udaras.ie

DEIRDRE - DeirdreALMHA - Alva EITHNE- Annie ELVA - Olive FAINCHE - Fanny MAEVE - Mabel, Madge, Marjorie, Maude MAILLE - Molly MÓIRNE - MoiraMUADHNAIT - Mona MUIREANN - Marion TAILLTE- Taltena ÚNA - Agnes, Juno, Unity, Winifred

MALE NAMES:

Original Irish (Pronounciation) English Equivalent

ÁENGUS (Angus) - AngusAIBHNE - AvenyAODHÁN - Aidan ARTGAL - Arnold BAIRRE - Barry CAINNEACH - Kenny CALBHACH - Charles CATHAL - Charles CATHAOIR - Charles CEARBHALL - Charles CONN - Constantine CORMAC - Charles CÚMHAÍ - Quinton DIARMAID - Dermot,DONAL - Daniel DONNCHADH - Donagh DUALTACH - Dudley DÚNLANG - Dowling, Dudley EARNAN - Ernest ÉIBHEAR -Ivor ÉIMHÍN - Evan EOLANN Olan ÉIREAMHÓN Irwin FEARADHACH - FergusFIACHA - Festus FLANN Florence

MÁELECHLAINN - Malachy MAODHOG (Mayog) Aidan (Protestants), Moses (Catholics) MAOL MHÓRDHA - Myles MUIRCHEARTACH - Murtaugh MUIRÍOCH - Murray TÁRLACH - Turlough ÚAITHNE - Owney

International names*Irish names were often "translated" into English with names that had no etymological connection, but which sounded similar or had similar meanings. The names in italics represents Irish Gaelic names that may have no connection to the English name given linguistically, but were historically connected to the English name through this processAaron = ÁrónAdam = ÁdamAlbert = AilbheAgnes = ÚnaAlicia = AilíseAlexander = AlastarAnastasia = StéiseAndrew = AindreasAngela = AingealAnn, Hannah = ÁineAnthony = AntóinBarbara = BairbreBernard = Brian Blanche = BlinneKaren = CairennKathryn, Kate, Catherine = Cáitlín, Caitrín, CáitrionaCharles = CathalCharlotte = SearlaitChristina = CrístíonaChristopher = CriostoirCecilia = SíleColumba = Colm Daisy = NóraDaniel = DónalDavid = DaibhíDominic = DoiminicDorothy = DairinnEdmund = ÉamonnElizabeth = Eilís, SibéalEsther = Aisling Eugene = Eoghan Eve = AoifeEvelyn = AibhilínFelix = FeidhlimFlorence = Flann

Frank = ProinséasGeraldine = GeraroidínGerald = GearaltGerard = GearoidGeorge = SeoirseGrace = GráinneHelen = LéanaHenry = AnraíHugh = ÚgaIsaac = IosacJames = SéamusJean, Jane = SinéadJoan = SiobhánJohn = Seán, EóinJoseph = SeosamhJosephine = SeosaimhínJudith = IúidítJulia/Gillian = IúileLawrence, Laurence = LabhrásLeo = LeónLily = LíleLouis, Lewis = AlaoisLouise = AloisiaLuke = LúcásMadeleine = MadailéinMargaret = MairéadMartha = MartaMartin = MairtínMary = MáireMatthew = MátaPearl = PeigMichael = MícheálMonica = MonchaMorgan = MurcadhNancy = NainsíNicholas = CóilínNigel, Neil = NiallNoah = NóeOliver = OilibhéarPatrick = Pádraig, PadraicPeter = PeadarPaul = PólPenny = Fionnuala

Philip = PilibRachel = RáichéalRaymond = RéamannRichard = RisteardRobert = RoibeardRoddy = RuairiRose = RóisínSamuel = SomhairleSarah = SorchaSimon = SíomónSolomon = SolamhSophia = SadhbhSteven = StianaSusan = SosaidhThomas = TomásTheresa = TreasaTimothy = TadhgVictor = BuadhachVincent = UinseanVivian = BébhinnVirgil = FearghalWalter = Uilliam

cúig bréagáin, - figiúr, bréagán-amharclann, babog, teidi, cúig cluichí - fichille, citiville, monaplacht, mirlíní, Is cluiche do ghníomhaíocht nuair a imirt ar dhaoine le chéile.

Ainm cúig drámaí - Adam Ó Cianáin "an t-én", or "the bird." from Book of Fermoy, Kilkenny Theatre - Lirenda's Misery (1642),An Thaidbhearc - Theatre for the Irish language set in 1928 : Aodh O'Domhaill - Idir an Da Shuil. Amharclann Draoi (Druid Theatre) Sinbad agus Misteir na Mara Mhicheál Mac Liammóir Diarmaid agus Gráinne

Ainm teidil leabhar cúig: Don Cíchóté - Miguel de Cervantes / Peadar Ó Laoghaire, An Prionsa Beag - Antoine de Saint-Exupery/ Breandán Ó Doibhlin', Pangur Bán (IX Century, written in Reichenau by an Irish monk), Táin Bó Cúailnge (The Cows of Cooley) Padraic Pearse - Eoghainín na nÉancúig uirlisí ceoil : pianó, an ghiotár leictreach, tambóirín, veidhlín, giotár fuaimiúil

My time-table: In the morning, I wake up at a quarter past nine. Then I wash myself and I brush my teeth. At half-past nine I have breakfast. Then I work on my website. At noon I go out and do the shopping. At a quarter past noon, I watch Bargain Hunt on TV, then I play citiville for half an hour. At 2 PM, I work on the website until 5 PM.

Ar maidin, dúisigh mé suas ag ceathru tar eis a naoi. Ansin, nigh mé mé féin agus mé mo scuab fiacla. Ar a naoi a leathuair tar éis a bheith agam bricfeasta.

Ansin, tá mé ag obair ar mo shuíomh gréasáin. Ar nóin téim amach agus a dhéanamh ar an siopadóireacht. Ag ceathrú tar éis meán lae, bím ag "Bargain Hunt" ar an teilifís, ansin imirt mé citiville ar feadh leathuaire. Ag ar a dó a chlog, tá mé ag obair ar an suíomh gréasáin go dtí cuig um tráthnóna.

Text in IrishJohn Murphy - An Pota Tae Aistriúchán Gaeilge le Liam mac Cóil Is furasta droch-chupán tae a dhéanamh. Cuir mála tae ar snámh i mbeagán bainne, caith uisce te anuas air, fáisc an mála le taobh an chupáin le spúnóg, tarraig amach an mála, agus caith uait é. Sin agat é. Nach blasta!

Ba cheart tae a dheanahm i bpota téite, le huisce urtharraingte atá fiuchta an nóiméad sin díreach. Ba cheart tarraigt a bhaint as. A thoradh sin deoch breá a ardoidh do chroí.

Seo mar a dheanthar pota maith tae. Fiucht usic ur. Cuir beagán de i detaephota cré 2 pionta/ 1 l/ 4 cupán chun é a theamh. Caith an t-uisce sin amach aris. Cuir 3-5 taespúnóg (do rogha féin) de thae maith sa phota te. Fluch an t-uisce aris is cuir ar an tae é ar an bpointe. Cuir puic ar an bpota agus bain tarraigt as ar feadh 5 nóiméad. Ma thagtar níos lu ná sin é, ní tharraingeofar an blas amach. Ma fhagtar níos mo ná sin é tarraingeofar an tainnin agus cuirfidh sé blas gear ar an tae. Ar an ábhar céanna sin, ba chóir an tae a dhéanamh le huisce fiuchta ach ni coir an tae féin a fhiuchadh ina dhíaidh sin.

A pot of tea by John Murphy

It is easy to make a poor cup of tea. Float a tea bag in some milk, pour in some nearly-boiling water, mash the tea bag against the side of the cup with a spoon, fish out the tea bag and throw it away. There you are. Awful!

Tea should be made with freshly drawn, freshly boiled water in a warmed pot and allowed to brew. The result will be a pleasant, refreshing drink. To make a good pot of tea, bring freshly drawn water to a brisk boil. Pour a little into a 2pt/1 ltr/4 cup earthenware pot to warm it, then empty the water out Using good quality tea, put 3-5 teaspoons, according to taste, into the warmed pot. Bring the water back to the boil and pour on immediately. Cover the pot with a tea-cosy and allow to brew for five minutes - any shorter and the flavour will not have developed, any longer and the tannin will start to come out, making the tea taste stewed. For the same reason, boiling water should be used to make the tea but the brew should not subsequently be boiled.

Gaelscéal anois aitheanta mar cheann de na páipéir is fearr san Eoraip ó thaobh dearadh de

Déardaoin, 18 Samhain 2010

Bhain Gaelscéal, páipéar nach bhfuil ach ocht mí ar an saol ‘duais aitheantais speisialta’ ag na ‘2010 European Design Awards’ an tseachtain seo caite.

Seo a bhí le rá ag na breithiúna, “The very small crew of three editorial and one designer shows what one can do with good design and concept : a very modern newspaper.”

Deir Colm McSherry, dearthóir Gaelscéal, “Is onóir ollmhór é seo a bheith curtha san áireamh i measc cuid de na dearaí is fearr san Eoraip agus a bheith aitheanta ag na dearthóirí clúiteacha seo – go hairithe agus gan muid ar an saol ach ar feadh ocht mí.”

Dúirt duine de na breithiúna, Fergus Kelly, “Ní féidir liom ach samhlú conas a bhraitheann siad agus tá éad orm – buaicphointe mo shlí beatha féin go dtí seo ná nuair a bhain mé an phríomhdhuais do Nuachtáin Áitiúla in 2007.”

Bronnfar na 12ú Duaiseanna Eorpacha Nuachtán le linn na Comhdhála Eorpaí Nuachtán i Vín, príomhchathair na hOstaire, mí Aibreáin seo chugainn.

Beidh foireann Gaelscéal ar an ardán ansin leis na buaiteoirí móra eile ó ‘Diario de Noticias’ as Madeira na Portaingéile, ‘Bergens Tidende’ ón Iorua, ‘Politiken’ na Danmhairge, an ‘Sunday Herald’ as Albain agus ‘Frankfurter Rundschau’ na Gearmáine.

Equivalent article in English

Education Matters » Recognition across Europe for Irish language

After only six months in production, the national Irish language newspaper Gaelscéal has netted one of the prestigious European Newspaper Awards.

Gaelscéal is a joint venture between TV production company Eo Teilifís and The Connacht Tribune. With offices in Spiddal and in Galway city, it has a permanent staff of five people and also has a broad panel of contributors and columnists from around the country and from abroad.

The newspaper was one of 219 entries from 27 countries in Europe for the 12th European Newspaper Awards. The judging panel of international experts on newspapers and design chose Gaelsceál as a winner because of “the excellence of its design and the high quality content, produced by a small but talented production team”.

Gaelscéal Project Co-ordinator, Trevor Ó Clochartaigh, said they were delighted with the award.

‘This is wonderful recognition from a distinguished panel who have years of experience and expertise in the newspaper industry behind them. It is recognition for everyone on the team, the designers, editorial and sales staff as well as all our writers and contributors who provide top quality material for us on a weekly basis.

“This award confirms that we are fulfilling our promise to our main funders, Foras na Gaeilge, and the Irish language community, that we would provide a top class, contemporary and diverse newspaper and website throughout the island of Ireland and we are grateful to them and to our readers and advertisers who give us such great support. “

The European Newspaper Awards will be presented during the European Newspaper Congress in Vienna next April. The Gaelscéal team will be on the stage with the other award winners - Diario de Noticias from Madeira, Bergens Tidende from Norway, Politiken from Denmark, Scotland’s Sunday Herald and Frankfurter Rundschau from Germany.

Gaelscéal is a weekly mix of news, current affairs, regional stories, features, analysis, education and sport. It is in shops every Friday and can be viewed online at www.gaelsceal.ie.