Ethnic Groups Official language of Iran is Persian (Farsi).
Most important ethnic groups with specific history, culture,
customs, and language are: o Turks o Kurds o Azeris o Arabs o
Turkmans o Lurs o Baluchis
Slide 4
Ethnic Groups Official language of Iran is Persian (Farsi).
Many Azeris live in the NW close to Azerbaijan, creating a worry
that they will want to form a larger state by taking territory from
Iran BUT, they are strongly Shiite and Supreme Leader is Azeri
Ethnic minorities are regularly sentenced to death by hanging Kurds
and Arabs tend to be Sunni Muslim, so the religious cleavage is
reinforced by ethnicity
Slide 5
Slide 6
Turks believe that they are the original inhabitants of Iran
Several Turkish dynasties have ruled Iran: Safavids, Qajars,
Seljuk, and Ghaznavid Kurds and the Azeris seek independence and
have frequently agitated for more cultural freedom and a greater
degree of autonomy Both groups are concentrated in the north
Muhammad Reza Shah and his father successfully thwarted any
secessionist tendencies of both groups Now only a select few seek
to still get independence from Iran Minorities
Slide 7
Iran Religious Cleavages Bogdan Cioanta, Caroline Filan, Katie
Grover
Slide 8
Religious Percentages 89% Shia Muslim 10% Sunni Muslim 1%
Combination of Jews, Christians, Zoroastrian, and Bahai
Slide 9
Constitutional Rights? There are rights given by the
constitution and guarantees basic rights, but many have fled
country since 1979 to escape persecution
Slide 10
Bahai Persecution Bahais have been persecuted because Shiites
believe it to be an unholy offshoot of Islam Leaders have been
killed, imprisoned, tortured, schools have closed and property
taken by state Many have immigrated to Canada along with large
groups of Jews and Armenian Christians Sunni Muslims are in a
similar situation and rights are unclear
Slide 11
Slide 12
Social Class Cleavages Ashley C. Katie S. Amanda B.
Slide 13
Upper/ Middle Class North Clergy members, large land owners,
and industrialists Entrepreneurs, bazaar merchants, professionals,
managers, military officers More educated More secular
Slide 14
Working Class Kargar Working class divided into different
groups Unskilled workers Strikes/protests
Slide 15
Lower Class Characteristics 2 groups: those with regular
employment and those without Lifestyle
Slide 16
Statistics After the revolution, the composition of the middle
class did not change significantly, but its size doubled from about
15 percent of the population in 1979 to more than 32 percent in
2000 The largest component, factory workers, numbered about 2.5
million on the eve of the Revolution, double the number in 1965,
accounting for 25 percent of Iran's total labor force. Since 1979,
the urban working class has continued to expand; by the early
2000s, it constituted more than 45 percent of the employed labor
force In cities with populations greater than 250,000, the lower
class makes up an average of 40 to 50 percent of the total
population Recipients of regular incomes of people employed in the
diverse services sector, such as attendants, bakery workers, sales
clerks, domestic servants, trash collectors, painters, street
cleaners, etc. These job categories include at least 1 million
workers who are employed only occasionally or seasonally, primarily
as a result of the shortage of full-time positions in an economy
that has had an official unemployment rate ranging between 10 and
15 percent of the labor force since the early 1990s
EXPLANATION OF TOPIC (CONSERVATIVES) Adhere to Sharia law
Majority in Parliament Generally want things to remain the same
(stability)
Slide 20
EXPLANATION OF TOPIC (REFORMERS) Promote Secularization Value
stronger democratic ideals
Slide 21
PERCENT OF THE VOTE (2012 LEGISLATIVE ELECTION) Reformers
11,451,367 (35.5%) Conservative 19,087,397 (59.7%)
Slide 22
NOTE: Most reformers do not want to do away with the basic
principles of an Islamic state, but they display a wide array of
opinions about how much and where secularization and democracy
should be infused into the system.
Slide 23
Iranian Protests Tristan Snow Andrew Christopher Hartnett
Slide 24
Explanation 2009 Presidential Elections Ahmadinejad Won
Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Medhi Karroubi were most supported
Slide 25
The 200910 Iranian election protests were a series of protests
following the 2009 Iranian presidential election against the
disputed victory of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and in
support of opposition candidates Mir- Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi
Karroubi which occurred in major cities in Iran and around the
world starting June 13 th 2009. EXAMPLE
Slide 26
Timeline Jun 12, 2009- Election results announced Jun 13, 2009-
first day of protest Jun 14, 2009- Basji paramilitary invades
Tehran University Jun 20, 2009- First Casualty, video on Facebook
and YouTube Jun 26, 2009- 2 million demonstrate in Tehran Dec 7,
2009- University students rally turns into protest, marks
aniversary of Shahs killing of 3 students in 1953 Dec 21, 2009-
funeral of Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri, cleroc who was
critical of Ahmadinejad, hundreds of thousands attend Dec 28, 2009-
martial Law is declared in Najaf Abad
Slide 27
Other Names Green Revolution Sea of Green Green Wave
Slide 28
In October of 2012, a demonstration erupted over the failing
currency. This was the first outbreak of public anger over Irans
collapsing currency and other economic problems. The riot police
violently clamped down on black-market money changers, hundreds of
citizens marching to demand relief and merchants in the sprawling
bazaar closing their shops in protest. EXAMPLE
Slide 29
By: Maddy Gamma, Callie Galfas, and Rachel Cleypool
Slide 30
* Granted the right to vote in 1963 * First admitted into
Iranian universities in 1937 * Now account for over half of Iran's
university students * Although they have been given more rights, in
some areas their rights are still in question. For example, it is
under debate whether or not women should be allowed to smoke
hookah
Slide 31
* Nine women out of 290 in Majles * Women can run for seats in
Majles, but are constitutionally barred for the presidency * The
constitution states that the president will be elected from
religious-political men, or "rijal," a plural for man in Arabic *
Well represented in some areas: doctors and government employees *
Very difficult to get hired represent 33% of labor force
Slide 32
* Must wear hijab * bad hijab is the exposure of any body part
except for the hands or face * Punishable by either 70 lashes or 60
days in prison * Divorce/custody laws now follow Islamic standards
* Ban on public discussion of womens issues in a way that
contradicts Islamic law * Women over the age of 18 need consent of
their father before they travel, and if they are married they needs
husbands approval before receiving any documents * A new bill that
is being debated would give husbands or fathers the right to take
away the women's documents at any time, even after they have been
granted Bad Hijab
Slide 33
Iran Political Parties Andrew Clark Nolan English
Slide 34
Overview Constitution guarantees right for citizens to organize
Political parties were outlawed in 1987 by Ayatollah Khomeini due
to factional infighting Government did not allow them until
Khatamis election as president in 1997 Only parties that do not
challenge the Islamic regime can actively participate
Slide 35
Active Political Parties Opposition parties banned 1983 Party
system reflects factionalism Splintering of political elites on
points of view and personalities Parties are unstable and likely to
change Form coalitions before elections Four main coalitions
Conservatives Reformists Independents Religious minorities Red -
Conservatives (182) Green - Reformists (75) Yellow - Independents
(19) Gray - Religious minorities (14)
Slide 36
Types of political parties There are a total of 64 political
parties in Iran which can be divided into these categories:
Communists Socialist and Social Democrats Ethnic nationalist Muslim
Democrats Liberal Democrats Anti-Islamic Nationalist
Slide 37
The major active parties In 1997 President Khatami, along with
his reformist supporters, created two major parties : The Islamic
Participation Front: The party is Pro-Islam and supports Democracy
in Iran. The decision center of the party is the Central Council
which has 30 members. Iran for all Iranians The Islamic labor
party: This party was formed after abolishing the previous decades
of union workers and puts emphasis on nationalism, populism,
reformism and Islamism. The Servants of reconstruction: formed by
Hashemi Rafsanjani, the current chairmen of the Expediency
Council
Slide 38
The major opposition parties Any real political opposition has
been exiled o The Liberation Movement - Formed by Iran's first
prime minister but he resigned months after students took over the
US embassy. It is a moderate Islamic party but it supports the
separation of church and state. o The National Front- Originally
wanted the oil industry nationalized. Committed to nationalism and
secularism. Supports the ideals of the former Prime Minister
Muhammad Mosaddeq.
Slide 39
Other opposition parties o The Mojahedin- Formed as a guerrilla
organization to fight the Shah. They believed in Marxism and Islam.
They saw Islam as a religion that favored equality, social justice,
and redistribution of wealth. o The Fedayin- Modeled its self after
the Marxist guerrilla movements taking place in Latin America in
the 1970s. During their fight with the Shah they lost more fighters
than any other group and this earned them a lot of popular support
among citizens. o The Tudeh- Established in the 1940s they were
formerly supportive of the Soviet communist party. Strongly
anti-imperialist, most of its leaders have been executed and has
since lost much of its strength due to government repression and
internal splits.
Slide 40
Banned political parties Two of the previous five opposition
parties have been banned and the leaders executed. The National
front: Banned because the clergy felt threatened by their potential
appeal The Tudeh: In 1949 the party was blamed for the attempted
assassination Shah Mohammed Reza the leaders were executed and
party was forever banned. The government "confiscated its assets,
dissolved affiliated organizations, especially the Central Council
and rounded up some 200 leaders and cadres.
Slide 41
Interest Groups In Iran. By: Jake, Riley, and Leevz.
Slide 42
Explanation of the topic In Iran interest groups exert
influence on political, legal, and religious systems. There are
many interest groups within Iran and they each serve their own
purpose. Each group is composed of individuals that all share
common interests and have a common goal within the particular
group.
Slide 43
Examples. The Tudeh Party of Iran- This is a communist interest
group in Iran it played an important role in Mohammad Mosaddeqs
Campaign. It was formed in 1941 with Soleiman Eskandri as the head.
Student Movement Coordination Commitee for Democracy in Iran
(SMCCDI)- They oppose theocracy, attempt to create a better
tomorrow, and implement bill of rights. The is also smaller
interest groups in Iran that deal with media that spread
information throughout Iran. Although there is not many interest
groups in Iran.
Slide 44
Organized Labor Movement Concerns: High unemployment Low wages
Lack of decent housing Unsatisfactory labor law - denies the right
to call strikes and organize unions Workers House (1979) Islamic
Labor Party (1999) May Day Rally is their main protest
Slide 45
Womens Rights Gained momentum after 1963 White Revolution Won
the right to vote Hold public office Family Protection Law (1975)
allowed for more rights concerning divorce, custody, and reduced
polygamy Modern Issues: Job security Pay scales Promotions
Maternity leave Higher-level professions The One Million Signatures
Movement
Slide 46
Goals are Introduce genuine Islamic Culture Support the rights
of the oppressed Prevent superpowers from imposing culture and
racism Enhance womens scientific, intellectual, and cultural
capabilities Increase womens rights and participation in civil
society
Slide 47
IRAN: MASS MEDIA PAXTON ALEXANDER & DAVIS JOHNSON
Slide 48
NEWS AND MEDIA Foreign and Non-State controlled media is
illegal and strictly controlled by the government The largest media
organization in Iran the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, is
entirely controlled by the government with the president being
appointed by the Supreme Leader every 5 years The Islamic
Revolutionary Court has the right to monitor, suspend publication,
and revoke the licenses of publications it finds guilty of
antireligious material, slander, or information detrimental to the
national interest Level of freedom of press has varied with faction
in power Khatami issued permits to dozens of new publications to
create independent press After 2000 Majles elections when many
reformist were elected, outgoing Majles approved a press control
law, which Council of Guardian said could not be overturned by new
legislature
Slide 49
NEWS AND MEDIA Freedom of the press Must follow Islamic beliefs
Must have a publishing license (act of publication against Islam is
not permitted and can be punished by the revoking of a publication
license) Anything anti-government can be considered
anti-Islamic
Slide 50
NEWS AND MEDIA No censorship of non-fiction books exist Non
Islamic books are subject to confiscation Publishers and authors
that publish and write non-Islamic books are held responsible for
attempting to offend public morals or Islam
Slide 51
NEWS AND MEDIA In 1987, all papers and magazines in circulation
were set up to support the Islamic Republic of Iran. Virtually no
new works of contemporary fiction have appeared in print. Radio and
television is controlled by the government. Several banned
broadcasting groups broadcast in countries such as Iraq. Despite
the ban on Google applications, including Gmail and YouTube,
Iranians often turn to illegal satellite receivers to as
alternative sources of information
Slide 52
SOCIAL MEDIA IN IRAN JACK THOMPSON, NICK PASQUERELLO & GREY
DAVIS
Slide 53
Media in Iran is both privately and publicly owned. Both are
subject to censorship by the government. The government engages in
censorship programs to anything divergent from the countrys
regulations. The majority of Iranians, around eighty-percent,
receive their news from government-owned media. This helps reduce
the assimilation of news into the public sphere that the government
does not approve of. Many Iranian citizens use VPN networks to
surpass the governments internet restrictions to use social medias
such as Twitter and Facebook. OVERVIEW:
Slide 54
ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY COURT: A special court called the Islamic
Revolutionary Court, has authority to monitor the print media in
the country. If a jury finds them guilty of publishing
antireligious material, slander, or information detrimental to the
national interest, then: May: suspend publication or revoke
licenses of papers or journals.
Slide 55
STATISTICS: Around 963 pages in Iran are blocked from the
general public. Half of these pages are about people. Of this half,
around 108 citizens of Iran have allegedly been killed and 161 have
been detained. Of the blocked pages: - Civil and
Political--------------42% - Sex and Sexuality------------- 20% -
Religion----------------------------14% - Human
Rights-------------------10% - The
Arts----------------------------6% - Media and Journalism-----5% -
Academic Page-------------- 2% Harry Potter Actress Emma Watson is
blocked from the internet in Iran.
Slide 56
Womens Rights Gained momentum after 1963 White Revolution Won
the right to vote Hold public office Family Protection Law (1975)
allowed for more rights concerning divorce, custody, and reduced
polygamy Modern Issues: Job security Pay scales Promotions
Maternity leave Higher-level professions The One Million Signatures
Movement