iqwd.gov.ph · 2020. 12. 30. · i | a g g 2 0 20 OPERATIONS MANUAL 2nd Edition DISCLAIMER This Material has been prepared for the use of Infanta (Quezon) Water District. It follows

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IQWD

OPERATIONS

MANUAL

2020

Establishing public trust by providing safe, reliable, equitable and efficient water supply and services

The men & women Of IQWD

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OPERATIONS MANUAL 2nd Edition

DISCLAIMER

This Material has been prepared for the use of Infanta (Quezon) Water District. It follows that this material should not be relied upon by any other person. Furthermore, the extent that ‘this material is relied upon’, the Infanta (Quezon) Water District gives no warranty as to the accuracy of correctness of the material or for any advice given or for omissions from the material. Users rely on the material at their own risk.

This Manual may be reproduced in full or in part for non-profit purposes without written permission provided proper credit is given to the publisher.

THE GUARDIANS OF

LIFE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v Definition of Terms--------------------------------------------------------------------- vi GENERAL INFORMATION

Mission------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Vision--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Value Statement------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Strategic Objective---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 IQWD History---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Brief Description of the Service Area

Municipality of Infanta------------------------------------------------------- 3 Topography & Terrain------------------------------------------------------- 3 Geology------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Meteorology-------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Land Use------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

Agos River Basin------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Distribution Network-------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Water Safety Specification------------------------------------------------------ 6 Intended Uses and Users of Water------------------------------------------- 6 Production Facilities System--------------------------------------------------- 7

ORGANIZATION AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES

Organizational Structure---------------------------------------------------------- 11 Duties & Responsibilities

Board of Directors ----------------------------------------------------------- 12 General Manager ------------------------------------------------------------ 12 Administrative Unit----------------------------------------------------------- 12 Financial Unit------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 Commercial-------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Operation Unit----------------------------------------------------------------- 13 Maintenance Unit------------------------------------------------------------- 13

Freedom of Information ----------------------------------------------------------- 13 Functional Chart--------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

OPERATIONS PROCEDURE

Production---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Well------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16

Pumping Tests ---------------------------------------------------------- 16 Major Causes of Deteriorating Well Performance ------------- 17

Pump --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Manufacturer’s Recommendations -------------------------------- 17 Pump Station Data ----------------------------------------------------- 17 Pump Log ---------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Pump Operations ------------------------------------------------------- 18 Pump Trouble Checklist ---------------------------------------------- 19

Treatment/ Chlorine Disinfection ---------------------------------------- 20 Chlorine Disinfection (Chlorination) -------------------------------- 20 Determinants of Chlorine Effectiveness -------------------------- 21 Terminology and Definitions ----------------------------------------- 21

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Chlorine Dosage and Demand -------------------------------------- 22 Chlorine/Chlorine Compound Used In Disinfection------------- 24 Chlorine Dosages ------------------------------------------------------ 24

Water Quality ----------------------------------------------------------------- 24 Microbiological Indicators for Drinking Water Quality --------- 28

Maintenance ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35 Distribution Pipelines Sound Operation Practices ------------------ 35 Locating Water Mains ----------------------------------------------------- 35 Cleaning Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------- 35 New Service Connection -------------------------------------------------- 37 Leak Repair ------------------------------------------------------------------ 38 Replacing Damaged Sections of Pipelines -------------------------- 39 Storage Tanks/Reservoirs Operation ---------------------------------- 40 Service Connection --------------------------------------------------------- 41 Valves -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Hydrants ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 Reducing Non-Revenue Water ------------------------------------------ 44 Illegal Connection ----------------------------------------------------------- 46

Air Scouring ------------------------------------------------------------------ 47

Administration & Financial Aspects Administration---------------------------------------------------------------- 48 Delineation of Board and Manager Functions ----------------------- 49 The Board of Directors ---------------------------------------------------- 49 Management Function ---------------------------------------------------- 49

Policy Formulation ----------------------------------------------------- 50 Important Policy Areas for IQWD ---------------------------------- 50 Policy Review ----------------------------------------------------------- 51 Organizational Structure --------------------------------------------- 52 Operational Control and Supervision------------------------------ 52 The General Manager ------------------------------------------- 52 Administrative Unit ----------------------------------------------- 52 Finance Unit ------------------------------------------------------- 53 Commercial Unit -------------------------------------------------- 53 Operations Unit --------------------------------------------------- 53 Maintenance Unit ------------------------------------------------- 53 Utility Rules ------------------------------------------------------------- 57

Procurement & Store Keeping Procedural Steps for Procurement of Goods and Services ----------------------------------------------- 60 Material Requisition --------------------------------------------------- 61

Financial----------------------------------------------------------------------- 66 Nature of the Budget -------------------------------------------------- 67 Statement of Objectives --------------------------------------------- 67 Operation and Maintenance Budget ------------------------------ 68 Cash Flow Statement -------------------------------------------- 69 Income Statement ----------------------------------------------------- 73 Budget Monitoring and Control ------------------------------------- 74 Tariffs --------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 Tariff Setting Methodologies ---------------------------------------- 75 Financial Systems & Controls -------------------------------------- 76 Cash Security ------------------------------------------------------ 76

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Disbursement Procedures -------------------------------------- 76 Asset Register ----------------------------------------------------- 77 Donated Assets --------------------------------------------------- 77 Obtaining Loan Financing ------------------------------------------- 77

Commercial------------------------------------------------------------------- 78 Service Connection Applicants ------------------------------------ 78 Classification of Water Customers -------------------------------- 94 Billing and Collection ------------------------------------------------- 95 Daily Cash Position Report ------------------------------------ 99 Disconnections ---------------------------------------------------- 99 Billing Adjustment------------------------------------------------------ 99 Customer Complaints------------------------------------------------- 100 Control of Records and Documents ------------------------------ 100 IQWD Internal Services --------------------------------------------- 101 IQWD Properties ------------------------------------------------------ 105 IQWD Emergency Response -------------------------------------- 106 IQWD Radio Communication System --------------------------- 106 Emergency Response Protocol ----------------------------------- 107 IQWD Emergency Response Team at Distribution Line --- 109 Emergency Response Plan ---------------------------------------- 110 Response Plan for Emergency ----------------------------------- 111 IQWD ERP Structure ----------------------------------------------- 113

Annexes Annex A Pump Test Data ---------------------------------------- b

Annex B Water Rates --------------------------------------------- c Annex C Cost of Materials (2019) ------------------------------ d Annex D Unit Test Data Sheet ---------------------------------- e Annex E Senior Citizen Discount Availment ---------------- g

Revision Log

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FOREWORD The Infanta Quezon Water District (IQWD), being a water service provider to the people of the Municipality of Infanta, aims to establish public trust by providing safe, reliable, equitable and efficient water supply and services. The basic concepts of water sources and the equipment used at these sources to prepare the water for distribution, the quality standards that should be observed and the importance of managing Non-Revenue Water (NRW) will all be incorporated in this manual. This Operations Manual will set standards and guidelines for the performance of all the divisions of the IQWD This will provide detailed instruction and strategies on how to carry out task so that IQWD personnel can carry out task effectively and efficiently in their specific areas of responsibility. The IQWD Operations Manual will be revised and updated continuously, so as to meritoriously achieve its goal of providing quality service.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS Government and Other Organizations

DPWH - Department of Public Works & Hi-ways DOH - Department of Health GOCC - Government Owned and Controlled Corporations IQWD - Infanta (Quezon) Water District LGU - Local Government Unit LWUA - Local Water Utility Administration MENRO - Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office MPDC - Municipal Planning & Development Coordinator PAWD - Philippine Association of Water District QUAWD - Quezon Association of Water Districts STAWD - Southern Tagalog Association of Water Districts

Technical & Operational Terms, Units of Measure ABC - Approved Budget for Contract APP - Approved Procurement Plan BAC - Bids and Awards Committee BI - Black Iron BOV - Blow Off Valve CI - Cast Iron GI - Galvanized Iron GM - General Manager GOCC - Government Owned and Control Corporation HDPE - High Density Polyethylene HOPE - Head of Procuring Entity IQWD - Infanta (Quezon) Water District IRR - Implementing Rules & Regulation JO - Job Order LCRB - Lowest Calculated Responsive Bidder MOA - Memorandum of Agreement NWRB - National Water Resources Board OR - Official Receipt PE - Polyethylene pH - power of hydrogen Philgeps - Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System PNSDW - Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water PPE - Personal Protective Equipment PPE - Property Plant & Equipment PPM - parts per million PPMP - Project Procurement Management Plan PO - Purchase Order PR - Purchase Request PS - Pump Station PVC - polyvinyl chloride SOP - Standard Operating Procedure uPVC - unplasticized polyvinyl chloride VFD - Variable Frequency Drive WD - Water District WHO - World Health Organization WQ - Water Quality WSP - Water Safety Plan

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APPROVED AS PER BOARD RESOLUTION NO. 200 SERIES 2020

DATED DECEMBER 22, 2020



I. IQWD GENERAL INFORMATION IQWD Compound Purok Ilang-Ilang, Brgy. Comon Infanta Quezon

Website: www.iqwd.gov.ph Tel No.: 0420 535 3926 0420 535 4552 eMail: [email protected] [email protected]

VISION

To Be A World Class and Internationally Recognized as Service of Excellence In Providing Sanitation Services And Safe Drinking Water By

2030

MISSION

To establish a Water District that is committed to serve with dignity and high

morale, and is faithfully devoted to its vision.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE

As defined in PD 198 which created all Water Districts in the land, we adhere to the rules and regulations of Local Water Utilities Administration as well as the rules

and regulations of other National Agencies such as Civil Service Commission, Department of Public Works and Highways, Bureau of Internal Revenue,

Commission On Audit, National Water Resources Board, Department Of Health and other National Government Agencies.

IQWD’s Strategic Objective is also anchored with the NEDA’s “AmBisyon Natin

2040” and United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]



IQWD HISTORY

In 1982, Municipality of Infanta and General Nakar through their respective resolution formed a water district in compliance with the provision of PD 198 and on November 24, 1982 a Conditional Certificate of Compliance 229 was issued to Infanta-Gen. Nakar Water District. Since then, Infanta-Gen. Nakar Water District was a recipient of financial assistance from Local Water Utilities Administration in the form of loans. In 2002 the Municipality of Gen. Nakar, requested for de-annexation and the district was renamed Infanta (Quezon) Water District (IQWD). During that time IQWD was maintaining four (4) water sources with 2,401 service connections.

At present, IQWD is serving potable water to 35 out of 36 barangays of the entire municipality of Infanta, with 6,506 active service connections as of August 2016. It has five 5 pumping stations, three (3) of which are operational and two (2) on standby mode with combined production of 104.8 lps. These Pumping Stations are located in Brgy. Ilog, Brgy. Banugao-Sentro, Brgy. Banugao-Libis, Brgy. Pilaway and Brgy .Agos-Agos. IQWD recently constructed two (2) more pumping stations to augment its insufficient supply of potable water and Reservoir with Booster Pump Station which was inaugurated last November 24, 2016. On March 21, 2012, IQWD was re-categorized by LWUA as Category “C” Water District and is now in the process of adapting Revised LWD Manual on Categorization, Re-Categorization and Other Related Matters under Department of Budget and Management. The Water District opted to have its position below the General Manager as two (2) Divisions - Admin., Finance & Commercial Division and Operations & Maintenance Division.

On November 29, 2004 Typhoon Winnie devastated Infanta and other neighboring towns. About 80% of the water system was destroyed and the operation was financially affected causing the district to have arrears in its loan repayments. Other obligations like BIR tax payment, GSIS premium payment, Pag-ibig and virtually all obligations including payables to suppliers were also discontinued. Thru sheer determination, the management and employees, hardly work together even without enough salaries to rehabilitate the district. The district survived on meager donations from different organizations. IQWD rehabilitated Pumping Station III, the biggest source of IQWD water supply through financial assistance from a supplier who understood IQWD’s predicament which was believed to be the surest and fastest way towards recovery. After less than a year in September 2005, IQWD’s operation was back to normal except for its financial capabilities.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SERVICE AREA

Municipality of Infanta Located about 144Km North East of Manila, Infanta is situated in the Northern Tip of Quezon province. About two-fifths of Infanta is flat coastal plains and three-fifths are highly mountainous. The officially reported land area of the municipality is 34,298 hectares. It is subdivided into 36 barangays and approximately 170 clustered settlements distributed in into six homogenous ecological units: urban, agricultural plain, riverine, coastal, estuarine and mountain. It is bounded on the north by the mountain by the municipality of General Nakar, on the east by Polillo Strait, on the south by municipality of Real and on the west by Rizal Province.

Topography and Terrain

The highest points/elevations in Infanta are the peaks of Susong Dalaga Mountain and Mt. Binangonan at 1,096 meters and 1,034 meters above sea level respectively. Over 40% of the land area is low lying with elevations of less than 100m. The Poblacion area is generally flat with elevation ranging between 1.0m to 5.0 m above sea level. The remaining 60% of the municipal area with elevation in excess of 100m are found in Brgy. Magasaysay only. A tiny strip of gently sloping to undulating terrain is found in portions of Brgy. Agos-agos, Pilaway, Batican and Tongohin. Several waterways namely Agos River, Kuyapi River, Bantilan River, Miswa River Tongohon River, Talocod River and Lupa River drain the municipality of flood waters into the Pacific Ocean. The stratigraphy is characterized by tectonic, volcanic and deposition of the recent alluvial deposits overlying the volcanic.

Fig. 1.1 Service Area Map

LEGEND: Barangay Being Served with Piped Water

INFANTA, QUEZON Land Area:

34, 276 Sq Km Population: 75, 957 as of 2013 Number of Barangays: 36 Classification: Class “A” Municipality Ave. Annual Income:

PhP 174, 748, 979



Geology The Infanta area is generally underlain by two geologic units namely the Andesite Bedrock and the Recent Alluvium. Massive Andesite can be encountered at mountain slopes west of municipality. It is very hard crystalline to glassy rock formed from the solidification of lava flows. These volcanic rocks are very common in the area but has very poor aquifer unless fractured and shattered by both faults and joints. On both banks of Agos River and coastal plain of Infanta are Alluvial deposits from erosion of different rock units such as andesite, limestone and conglomerates. The town is underlain by these thick deposits which are believed to be the best aquifer. A geologic fault is present west of Infanta. This fault, trending north to south, is almost parallel with the geologic contact of the alluvium and volcanic formation which also exhibits the same trend. Another geologic structure of lesser magnitude is fault trending N50⁰E. These faults can cause intensive fracturing within the volcanic bedrock. Crustal movement along these fault may produce brittle fractured rock along the fault can hold large volume of water and may even transmit water. Recharge from nearby, higher elevation watersheds can occur through this natural “pipeline” or conduit. Meteorology The climate of Infanta falls under Type II classification with very diminutive dry season and very pronounced maximum rainfall from November to January. This is because Infanta is along the eastern coast of Luzon and neither sheltered from northerly and trade winds nor from cyclonic storms. The western part is the Sierra Madre ranges with causes orographic lift that result to condensation and high precipitation during Amihan (North East Monsoon) season. The average rainfall from 1981-2010 is 675.7mm while the maximum rainfall registered is 1,774.9mm in October 1984. The Average monthly temperature is 27.3⁰C. The coldest months are January and February with average temperature of 23.8⁰C while the hottest months are May and July with average temperature of 30.09⁰C and mean relative humidity of 84%.

Andesite

Andesite

Recent Alluvium

Fig 1.2 Geologic Map of Infanta, Quezon



Land Use AGOS RIVER BASIN 100% of supplies originated from ground water aquifer. The Main source of IQWD water is from the Water Recharge of Agos River Basin with catchment area of 953.82 sq. Km. and Highest Elevation of 1.508.76m above sea level. Agos River Basin is circumscribed by Infanta-Real-Nakar Sub-watershed consisted of Agos-Kanan, Infanta-Real and Lower-Kaliwa encompassing 19,672.6 hectares.

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK The IQWD main system is being fed with three (3) fully operational direct pumping wells in Brgy. Ilog(PS3), Brgy. Banugao-Sentro(PS5) and Brgy. Banugao-Libis(PS6) and will be supported by the under construction (PS7) located in Brgy. Ilog.

Fig 1.3 Land Use Map of Infanta, Quezon

Source: Municipal Planning & Development Office

Fig. 1.4 Sub-watershed Map *excerpt from Infanta FLUP Manuscript 7th edition, p.54



The present transmission & distribution network comprises almost 129,771 kilometers of pipelines ranging from 25 mm to 200 mm in diameter. There are twenty six (26) fire hydrants located at strategic points for effective fire protection. There are 44 gate valves to manipulate the flow of water and Pipe materials include (GI) galvanized iron, (HDPE) high density polyethylene and (uPVC) unplasticized polyvinyl chloride Pipes. The uPVC & P.E. Pipes were laid in the 1980’s until in recent years, and in general do not cause any supply and distribution problems. TRANSMISSION PIPELINES In sizing pipelines, parameters recommended in the LWUA Methodology Manual were followed. Minimum and maximum service pressures are set as 7.0 m and 70.0m respectively. Pipe flow velocity is limited to maximum of 3.0m/s and low velocity of 0.30m/s is allowed in order to obtain a good pressure distribution throughout the service area. Maximum head loss is limited to 10.0m per kilometer length of pipeline. Distribution Network Water Quality Specification Infanta Quezon Water District provides potable water which is extracted from deep wells. Supply delivered to concessionaires meet water quality standards set by the Department of Health (DOH) and Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA). The water quality targets are based on the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 2017. Disinfection and treatment chemicals are procured from approved chemical manufacturers. Intended Uses and Users of Water Infanta Quezon Water District’s objective is to supply water intended for general domestic use and consumption by: Ingestion from drinking and food preparation

• Ingestion from drinking and food preparation

Ø Size (mm)

Length (meters)

Materials

200 6,618 uPVC

200 24 GI

150 22,164 uPVC

150 89 GI

100 17,295 uPVC

100 1,029 GI

75 23,967 uPVC

63 250 uPVC

50 57,557 uPVC

50 850 HDPE

38 5,770 HDPE

25 1,702 HDPE

Table 1.0

file:///C:/Users/WIN8.1/Desktop/IQWD/Infanta%20QWD%20operational%20manual/pipe%20network%20final%20latest-DIST.pdf



• Dermal exposure through washing of bodies, and hand-washing of clothes, utensils, etc…

• IQWD water is not intended for pharmaceutical use

• IQWD water may need additional treatment process to suit some industrial uses

PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Pump Station 1 Purok NAWASA

Brgy. Ilog

PS 2 Purok Masinop Brgy. Agos-Agos Elevation: 10.6m amsl Raw Water: Good Overhead tank 16 cubic meters, 9.02amsl purposely to push water to Gawad Kalinga Housing Project

Pump Station 2 Constructed in 2011 to address the increasing demand of the service area west of Infanta. Water is extracted at the rate of 2.7 lps from 200mm x 60mm deep, Spiral Welded Steel casing with perforated screen and goes to the 16cu.m overhead tank before water enters to the system. The source facility is provided with chlorinator to assure safe and clean water supply prior to distribution. Production meter is attached at the discharge line of the production well to properly account the produced water. Concrete Apron around stick up pipe sloping, in good condition, Cut-off ditch with impermeable lining serves as protection structure. There is no good landscape of the area and it is not provided with generator to make it useful during power outages. The static water level 5.96m, 200mm Ø BI Pipe casing, pump setting 24m, 65-85 psi working pressure, riser pipe dia. 50mm, motor 10 HP, 240V, Single Phase to 3 Phase, 60 Hz, installed November 4, 2011

Fitted with 3hp booster pump

Status: Decommissioned

Status: Decommissioned



Pump Station 3 Developed in 1992. The well was drilled 48m deep, encased with 24mm x 250mm telescopic assembly and 250mm perforated stainless screen placed opposite the permeable layers (sand and gravel formation). The pumping station housed the control for 30HP submersible pump, hypo chlorinator, production meter and standby generator. Concrete Apron around stick up pipe sloping, in good condition, Cut-off ditch with impermeable lining serves as protection structure. No persistent WQ Issue, although PS3 was submerged in thick mud in December 2004 and was reactivated in 2005 when Infanta undergone complete rehabilitation. The discharge is 30 lps, however, during dry months pumping water level (PWL) was recorded as deep as 19 mbgl. The pumping station housed the control for the 30hp submersible pump, hypo chlorinator, production meter and stand by generator. The proximity of Agos River makes the well prone to silt or particulates that could sneak into the well, settle and harden. The static water level 4.2m, 300 mm Ø BI casing, pump setting 25 m, 30 psi working pressure, riser pipe dia. 150mm, motor 40 Hp, 240V, 3 phase, 60 Hz, installed 1990 (Rehabilitated in 2005) Status: Fully Operational

(Working 17 Hours)

PS 3 Purok Cardona Brgy. Ilog Elevation: 6.84m amsl

Raw Water: Good

Pump Station 4

Developed in 2003 funded from the P1.6 LWUA ICG together with the purchase of submersible pump, installation of disinfection facility, tapping to the nearest interconnection point and serving additional connection. The production well originally produces 10 lps with pumping water level of 6.2 mbgl, however, after the flush flood, sand pumping became a menace as the Water District has to flush out sediments prior to start of daily operation. As of now the well produces 14lps with pumping level of 9.06mbgl. Production meter is fitted. The persistent WQ Issue is the raw water is slightly turbid. Commissioned in 2003, 42 m deep, static water level 5.2m, 300 mm casing dia., pump setting 27 m, 18-55 psi working pressure, pump discharge 12 lps, riser pipe dia. 75mm, motor 15 Hp, 240V, 3 phase, 60 Hz (Rehabilitated in 2005) Status: Decommissioned

PS 4 Purok Santol Brgy. Pilaway Elevation: 9.4m amsl Raw Water: Poor (high turbidity level)



Pump Station 5 was developed in 2015

funded from IQWD equity. The well was drilled 70m deep, encased with 30 mm x 250mm telescopic assembly and 250mm stainless screen, static water level 5mbgl, 250 mm casing dia., pump setting 30 m, 100 psi working pressure, pump discharge 35.4 lps, riser pipe dia. 150mm, motor 40 Hp, 480V, 3 phase, 60 Hz, commissioned on May 23, 2016. Provided with VFD suited for 40HP, 460 volts, 3phase, 60Hz Supported with 24Watt, 20mm diaphragm diameter, wet end, high compression type Chlorinator Sustained with an AC Diesel Generating Set, skid mounted, direct coupled engine to generator with soundproof weather protective canopy, 100KVA capacity, Standby Rating, Three (3) Phase, 230VAC, 60Hz, @1800RPM, 0.8P.F Status: Fully Operational (Working 21 Hours)

PS 5 Purok Sentro Brgy. Banugao Elevation: 8.85m amsl Raw Water: Good

Pump Station 6 was developed in 2015 funded mainly thru the loan proceeds from KfW Entwicklungsbank with LWUA counterpart fund. Fitted with 60hp submersible pump. The well was drilled 70 m deep, static water level 5m, 250 mm casing dia., pump setting 30 m, 80 psi working pressure, pump discharge 35.4 lps, riser pipe Ø of 150mm, motor 40 Hp, 480V, 3 phase, 60 Hz, commissioned on July 03, 2016 Provided with VFD suited for 40HP, 460 volts, 3phase, 60Hz Supported with 24Watt, 20mm diaphragm diameter, wet end, high compression type Chlorinator Status: Fully Operational (Working 21 Hours/ day)

PS 6 Purok Libis Brgy. Banugao Elevation: 8.33m amsl Raw Water: Good



Sump Tank Purok Adelfa Brgy. Abiawin Elevation:

3.98 amsl

Booster PUMPHOUSE Developed in 2015 funded mainly thru the loan proceeds from KfW Entwicklungsbank with LWUA counterpart fund and IQWD equity. Booster Pump Vertical Multi Stage in line centrifugal pump, deliver 444gpm (28lps) against 144ft (43.83m) THD coupled to vertical squirrel cage induction motor 30HP, 240 volts, 3 phase, 60Hz, OPD Sump Tank

220 cubic meters Sump Tank fitted with 40hp booster pump purposely to push water to Brgy. Dinahican Commissioned on June 8, 2016 Status: Operational (10 hours daily)

Pump Station 7 was developed in 2019.

The well was drilled 70 m deep, static water level 5m, 250 mm casing dia., pump setting 32m, riser pvc pipe Ø of 150mm, motor 40 Hp, 480V, 3 phase, 60 Hz, and expected to deliver 80 psi working pressure, pump discharge 35.4 lps, Provided with VFD suited for 40HP, 460 volts, 3phase, 60Hz Supported with 24Watt, 20mm diaphragm diameter, wet end, high compression type Chlorinator Status: Waiting to be Energized

PS 7 Purok Sentro Brgy. Ilog Elevation: 12.0 m amsl Raw Water: Good



II. ORGANIZATION AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

G

OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Chairperson Vice-Chairperson

Secretary/

Treasurer

Member Member

GENERAL MANAGER

Administrative, Finance

And Commercial Division

Operation & Maintenance Division

Minutes

Officer B

Division Manager C Division Manager C

Senior Corporate Accountant A

Administrative Services officer B

Cashier C

Administrative Services officer A

Senior Water Utilities Manager Development Officer

Water Maintenance Foreman

Senior Water Maintenance A

Senior Accounting Processor A

Administrative Services officer A

Customer Services Assistant B

Water Maintenance A

Water Maintenance A

Water Maintenance A

Record Assistant Water Maintenance A

Water Maintenance A Supply Assistant B

Accounting Processor A

Utilities Services Assistant D





Water Resource Facilities Operator A



Water Maintenance B

Water Maintenance B

Customer Services Assistant D

Clerk Processor B

Water Maintenance B

Water Maintenance B

Water Maintenance B

Administrative Aide

Storekeeper D

Administrative Aide

Water Resource Facilities Operator B

Water Resource Facilities Operator B

Water Maintenance C

Water Maintenance C

Fig. 2.0

Senior Water Maintenance A



DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Office of the Board of Directors

The Office of the Board of Directors is responsible for the formulation and creation of internal policies, function and systems for the management and operations of Infanta (Quezon) Water District.

Office of the General Manager

The Offices of the General Manger is responsible for the planning, organizing, directing and controlling all activities and functions of the District and carrying out related board policies.

○ Prepares over-all plans to carry out policies in achieving utility objectives; directs and controls utility activities toward that end if necessary aided by IQWD Development Committee.

○ Executes, enforces and carries out District policies in accordance with the provisions of PD 198 as amended and proposes policies, rules, regulations and budgets for board action.

○ Controls and supervises the overall operation of the Water District. ○ Proposes organizational structure and manpower level, compensation

and benefits schedules, water rates and charges, acquisition of real property, construction contracts, acceptance of completed projects, management strategies appropriate for the District.

○ Maintains Sound financial routine of the district. ○ Performs other function that may be assigned from time to time.

Administrative Unit

Responsible for general services, disbursement of funds. It is in-charge of procurement; assist in the implementation of special projects program. Prepare annual budget and reports that may be required by the board and/or management. Responsible for the recruitment and retention of highly qualified employees for the agency and implement human resource programs, policies and procedure. Implements procurement procedure as well as for warehousing maintenance of materials, supplies, vehicles and equipment in accordance with existing laws and regulations.

Finance Unit

Responsible for the recording and summarizing of financial transactions, preparation of Financial Reports and Inventory Management. Also responsible for the Budget Preparation and assist in allocation and distribution of budgets as well as monitoring the budget performance.

Commercial Unit

Responsible for keeping the master list of concessionaire and monitoring of Aging of Accounts and classification of service connection accounts. Responsible for providing customer services to the concessionaire, accurate meter reading and generate periodic billing of accounts. Records and posts of payments and monitoring of the customer accounts. Also responsible in attending customer service



requests and complaints. In-charge in inspection and investigation regarding water connection. The Unit also enforces utility rules and regulations as to billings, delinquencies and adjustments and enhances collection efficiency of the water district

Operation Unit

Responsible for Operation & Monitoring of Pump, Power Equipment and Water Storage Tank, Disinfection of Water Supply, calibration of Chlorine Test Instrument, Water Quality Testing and Monitoring, Housekeeping and maintenance of pump house, ground and surrounding, equipment and other related production facilities, delivery of chlorine to pumping stations and Material Quality Testing.

Plans and designs mainline extensions, performs mainline improvement and improvement of the water district’s water system and pumping facilities. It also determines water production requirements and ensures the steady supply of water to the service area and monitors water system pressure and water quality in accordance with the standards set by the Philippine National Standards of Drinking Water (PNSDW).

Maintenance Unit

Responsible for installation of new service connection. Attending to the repairs and maintenance of water distribution lines; and performing of major and minor plumbing services. In charge in water system project implementation and constructions. Responsible for the water maintenance and disconnection of service lines.

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

(FOI) PEOPLE’S MANUAL.

Pursuant to Executive Order No.

2, s. 2016, “Operationalizing in

the Executive Branch the

People’s Constitutional Right to

Information and the State

Policies to Full Public Disclosure

and Transparency in the Public

Service and Providing Guidelines

To download IQWD’s

OF INFORMATION (FOI)

PEOPLE’S MANUAL.

Please visit:

http://iqwd.gov.ph/files/iqwd_peoples_FOI_

manual.pdf

http://iqwd.gov.ph/files/iqwd_peoples_FOI_manual.pdfhttp://iqwd.gov.ph/files/iqwd_peoples_FOI_manual.pdf



Flow Chart

FOI DECISION MAKER (FDM) Preparing records for access

If an extension of time is

required

Decision-making

FDM should inform FRO, FRO shall

inform requesting party for extension

REQUESTING PARTY

FOI REQUEST (in writing)

FOI RECEIVING OFFICER (FRO)

Receipt of request for information/records

Transmittal of request

FDM endorses decision to the General Manager for approval. Decision

can either be granted or

denied.

Administrator makes final decision on request.

APPROVED DENY

Release information/record Inform of denial Appeal

FOI Appeals and Review Committee

FOI RECEIVING OFFICER (FRO)

30

working

days

Fig. 3.0



FUNCTIONAL CHART

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Policy Making

GENERAL MANAGER Policy Implementation

General Supervision

Fund Custodian

ADMINISTRATIVE, FINANCE

AND COMMERCIAL DIVISION

OPERATION &

MAINTENANCE

DIVISION

ADMINISTRATIVE & GENERAL SERVICES

Maintains Personnel Files

a. Employees 201 file b. Earned Leave Record c. Other Relevant Records and Reports

Maintains Inventory Record

a. Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE) b. Construction Materials & Supplies c. Unserviceable Property

Prepare Project Procurement Management

Plan

Prepares Annual Procurement Plan

Procurement Process a. Competitive Public Bidding b. Non-competitive Public Bidding

Hiring and Employee’s Movement

FINANCE

Prepares Annual Budget

Prepares Payroll

Maintains The Book Of Accounts, General and Subsidiary Ledger

a. Income Statement b. Balance Sheet c. Cash flow Statement d. Bank Reconciliation

Prepares Daily Cash Position Report

Prepares Monthly Data Sheet

COMMERCIAL

Maintains Customer Ledger Card

a. Post Billing b. Post Payments c. Post Adjustments/ Penalties

Performs Customer Related Activities

a. Attends Registration of new concessionaires

b. Attends to complaints and requests c. Prepares Disconnection Notices

Prepares Aging Of Account

Prepare Water Bills

a. Pre-addressing of bills b. Posting of consumptions and billed

amount to record the water bills

OPERATION

In charge Of Pumping Operation

Do Plumbing Works

Do Maintenance Job

Maintains Good Condition Of Machineries, Motor & Equipment

Project Implementation

Plans and designs mainline

extensions;

Performs mainline improvement

and improvement of the water

district’s water system and

pumping facilities ;

Determines water production

requirements;

Ensures the steady supply of

water to the service area

Monitors water system pressure

and water quality in accordance

with the standards set by

PNSDW

MAINTENANCE

In charge in repair and

maintenance of Main and

distribution lines

Installation of new service

connection

Air Scouring

Fig. 4.0



III. OPERATIONS PROCEDURE

This chapter provides a basic reference on the daily operations of the water district. Basically, the daily operations of a water district is consist of Water Production & Distribution, Administration and Financial Aspects and Commercial Operations.

A. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE A.1 OPERATION WATER PRODUCTION & DISTRIBUTION This section covers the basic concepts of water sources and the equipment used at these sources to prepare the water for distribution, the quality standards that should be observed and the importance of managing Non-Revenue Water (NRW).

A.1.1 WELLS

A properly designed and constructed well can give many years of trouble-free service. Good O&M seeks to avert well failures, which are usually indicated by reduced (if not complete loss of) pump discharge, or deterioration in the quality of the water. Good O&M actually begins even before a well is put into operation. Before actually operating a well, the water district must determine/obtain the following information which will guide its well operating and O&M procedures:

Safe pumping level

Pump curves

Well design

Location of discharge line shut-off valve and pressure gauge.

PUMPING TESTS Pumping tests are carried out to determine the safe pumping yield, which establishes how much groundwater can be taken from a well, and what effects pumping will have on the aquifer and neighboring well supplies. It is one of the design parameters for selecting the pump to be used. The pumping tests are usually done by well drilling contractors who are knowledgeable and who possess the required tools and equipment for the tests. It only becomes necessary for the water district to conduct the test for

Maintains Water Meter Reading Books

Prepares Reports

a. Daily Billing Summary b. Daily Collectors’ Report

Reads Water Meter

Distributes Accomplished Water Bills

Service Disconnection notices to delinquent consumers

Online Payment Collection



monitoring purposes. The general procedure for conducting such a test is illustrated in Annex A. Once the safe pumping level is established, it should be compared with the design pump curves of the equipment to be used. This will guide the operational parameters for pumping water from the well.

MAJOR CAUSES OF DETERIORATING WELL PERFORMANCE At the outset, in designing and constructing a well, care should be taken to prevent the major causes of eventual well deterioration. Following are five of the main causes of deterioration in well performance. Consider that the first four of these major causes of well deterioration are greatly influenced by the care taken in constructing the well.

Well yield reduction due to incrustation and growth of iron bacteria;

Plugging of well screen due to build-up of fine particles;

Sand pumping;

Structural collapse of the well casing and screen; and

Condition of the pump.

A.1.2 PUMPS IN GENERAL

MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS Pump manufacturers always provide a manual for the operation and maintenance of their pumps. The instructions in these manuals, including the recommended maintenance schedule, should be followed. The instructions include greasing, oil inspection, checking of voltage at power source, adjustments and repairs. If during inspection a defect is found, it should be repaired immediately. The operator should pay attention even to small defects, and not wait for them to worsen, as these could cause other parts or units to fail, resulting in larger damage and more costly repairs.

PUMP STATION DATA

Every pump station must have complete data as shown. Pump Station Data

Location

Date

A. SOURCE DATA B. PUMP DATA

Well Casing Diameter Type:

Well Depth: Brand Model:

Well SWL: No. of Stages:

Specific Capacity: Pump Setting:

Water Quality: Column Assembly Size:

Table 2.0



Year Drilled: Discharge Head Size:

Driller: Supplier:

Remarks: Remarks:

C. MOTOR DRIVE DATA D. CHLORINATOR

Type: Type of Booster:

Brand/Model: Booster Rated HP:

Rated HP @ rpm: Rated HP @ rpm:

Volts/Amperes: Model/Series:

Hollow Shaft Diameter: Year Installed:

Year Installed: Remarks:

Remarks:

PUMP LOG

A pump log should be maintained to record the daily pressure and flow readings of the pump. The time of the day when these readings are made should also be reflected. The schedule for operating and stopping the well pumps should relate the pump capacity to the data on daily water demand and the water levels of the reservoirs.

Table 3.0

Daily Operation Log

Date Time Chlorine Residual

KWH Reading

Voltage Reading

Ampere Reading

Remarks

PUMP OPERATIONS

It is simple to operate the intake pumps used for water wells or surface water. They are automatically started by the low level pressure and shut down by the high level pressure switches installed in the water storage or receiving tank. These pumps may set for manual operation by turning the control switch mounted on the pump base from the “Auto” to “Manual” setting, and using the start/stop buttons for the pump motor. However, care must be observed in stopping pump operation.

STEPS FOR MANUALLY STARTING PUMP OPERATION

Under Normal Operation

1. Refer to Control Board Manual 2. Read III Phase voltage and record(daily)



3. Check III Phase current reading & ampere running time and record (every 8 hours)

4. Check water level 5. Observe any possible sign of system failure 6. Start and operate the pump ( as required) 7. Read Flow Meter and record reading data (daily) 8. Read Pressure Gage and record reading data (Hourly) 9. Check Pump Operation condition 10. Record pumping water level (monthly)

STEPS FOR MANUALLY STOPPING PUMP OPERATION

1. Gradually turn the discharge valve unit until it is only about 1/4 open (Do not close the valve suddenly, as sudden shut-off could create back pressure and flow surges)

2. Use the "Stop" push button to stop the motor. 3. Totally close the discharge gate valve to prevent possible back flow.

PUMP TROUBLE CHECKLIST

The manufacturer or supplier of the pump always provides the pump design curve which is the basic reference for evaluating actual performance. In addition to the comparison of actual performance against the design curve, the operator should be alert to the following indications of pump problems: 1. Excessive heating of the motor; 2. Change in the bearing noise level; 3. Change in the pattern of oil consumption of the motor; 4. Excessive vibration; 5. Change in amperage or voltage load; 6. Cavitation noise or other unusual noise; and 7. Presence of cracks or uneven settlement of the pad or ground around the pump.

Pump Operation during Power Outage Generator

1. Check motor oil level add if necessary 2. Check water radiator level add if necessary 3. Check fuel level add if necessary 4. Check battery condition 5. Start Generator engine (refer to generator manual)

Upon making sure that the system is running in good condition prior to switching on of MTS (manual switch transfer) switch.

Proceed to pump operation procedure



A.1.3 TREATMENT/ CHLORINE DISINFECTION

This section details the procedures for using chlorine safely as a disinfectant and the methods of calculating the chlorine dosages required in the water system.

GENERAL

Disinfection is necessary to ensure that drinking water is free from disease-causing microorganisms. Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection is often universally employed by water distribution systems, even when water at the source is deemed already potable – as a precautionary measure to control the spread of waterborne diseases. In Level III Systems, this precaution is particularly important because of the risk CHLORINE DISINFECTION (CHLORINATION)

PUMP OPERATION PROCESS

Electric Motor: Check voltage accuracy, electric

motor, fitting and accessories

Check Deep Well Level

Simultaneously switch on electric motor and chlorinator. Water

supply is automatically started.

Observe main flow meter if functional

Conduct reading of flow meter, deep well,

chlorinator, voltage, ampere gauge, electric

meter, cubic meter (Every Hour)

Engine: (In case of Brownout)

Check engine, oil level, diesel level, radiator

water level, transmission oil and water pump oil.

Start engine and switch on invert of chlorinator

Fig. 5.0



Chlorination is the process of adding the element chlorine to water to make it safe for human consumption as drinking water. Chlorine (and its compounds) is the most widely used disinfectant for water systems because of its effectiveness, cheap cost and availability.

Chlorination has the advantage of oxidizing bacteria and virus even after the point of application due to its residual action. Hence any bacteria introduced to the system after the point of chlorination can still be eliminated by the residual chlorine in the water.

DETERMINANTS OF CHLORINE EFFECTIVENESS

a. Contact Time (CT & Dosage) – refers to the period of time allowed for the

disinfectant to react with the microorganisms that may be in the water. Dosage refers to the amount of chlorine infused in relation to the volume of the water being treated.

b. The Type of Microorganism – Chlorine is quite effective in destroying the

most significant pathogenic organisms that are dangerous to humans and are commonly borne in water. Different pathogens and parasites, however, have different levels of resistance to it. Thus, the dosages, the CT, and other conditions of the water that intensify or inhibit the oxidizing action of chlorine such as temperature and pH (acidity or alkalinity) need to be considered in order to be sure that the harmful organisms and undesirable substances are eliminated.

c. Characteristics of the Source Water – The nature of the water that

requires treatment influences the disinfection. Materials in the water, for example, iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide and nitrates often react with disinfectants, effectively increasing the chlorine demand. Turbidity of the water also reduces the effectiveness of disinfection.

d. Usually, the tests on the water from a new source are the basis for

prescribing the dosage and CT needed to eliminate the harmful and undesirable substances. Additional tests on the water at source need to be conducted when there are indications that the source water characteristics have changed. The possibility of contaminants (whether pathogens or minerals that change its acidity or turbidity) in the path of the water or in the proximity of the spring box or reservoir need to be checked.

e. Temperature of Water – Higher temperatures usually increase the speed

of reactions and of disinfection.

TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

a. Available Chlorine Content – is amount of chlorine in a chlorine compound, which determines its potential disinfecting power.

b. Chlorine Demand – is the total amount of chlorine needed to oxidize all

the materials in the water that react with chlorine within a given period. After all the reactions within that period are completed, the pathogens and



undesirable organic substances, as well as the soluble iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfides are deemed to have been destroyed, neutralized, or eliminated. Chlorine demand is the difference between the amount of chlorine added to water and the amount of residual (remaining) chlorine at the end of a specific contact period. If no residual chlorine is detected, it means that the chlorine demand was so great it exhausted the chlorine; thus the chlorine infused into the water (dosage) was insufficient.

c. Chlorine Residual – is the total amount of chlorine (combined and free

available chlorine) remaining in water at the end of a specific contact period following the infusion of chlorine. The chlorine residual is an important indicator of safe water because as long as the residual chlorine is present in the water disinfection is a continuing process.

d. Dosage of Chlorine – is the quantity of chlorine applied to a specific

quantity of water. Dosage is expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/l) of chlorine.

e. Dosage Rate – is the amount of chlorine applied per unit time. It is usually

in grams/day or kg/day.

f. Superchlorination – this means applying chlorine at very much higher than the usual dosages. If a system design or requirements do not allow adequate contact time for the normal dosages of chlorine to eliminate the pathogens and undesirable substances in the water, superchlorination could be resorted to. Superchlorination provides a chlorine residual of 3.0-5.0 mg/l, which is 10 times the recommended minimum breakpoint chlorine concentration3. Retention time for superchlorination is approximately 5 minutes.

g. Dechlorination – removes excessive levels of chlorine from the water.

Dechlorination is considered a necessary phase after superchlorination in order to remove the odor, taste and the other objectionable traces of excess chlorine in the water. Dechlorination commonly involves the use of an activated carbon filter.

h. Shock Chlorination (dosage of 200 mg/l for 3-4 hrs) is recommended

whenever a well, reservoir or pipeline is new, repaired, or found to be contaminated. This treatment introduces high levels of chlorine to the water. Unlike superchlorination, shock chlorination is a "one time only" occurrence, and chlorine is depleted as water flows or is flushed through the system. If bacteriological problems persists following shock chlorination, the source of the contamination of the system should be determined and eliminated.

CHLORINE DOSAGE AND DEMAND

1. Dose the water supply with an arbitrary amount, say 1.5mg/l. 2. Wait for 30 minutes as for the solution to settle and measure the chlorine residual. 3. If residual is zero or less than 0.3 mg/l, increase the dosage until the right

residual is obtained. 4. If residual is more than 1.5 mg/l, then the dosage can be reduced.



Hypochlorinator Operation Pre-dosing evaluation

1. Check chlorine feeder condition 2. Check chlorine supply 3. Check chlorine pipeline 4. Check valve nozzle for clogging 5. Proceed to disinfection procedure as scheduled

Hypochlorination Procedure 1. Dosing the water supply. 2. Allowing the solution to settle. 3. Measurement of chlorine residual 4. if residual is more than 0.3 mg/L but less than 1.5mg/L, end of procedure 5. if residual is zero or more than than 1.5 mg/L, Increase the dosage until

the right dosage is obtained

Frequency: performed every 24 hours During Emergency

Shutdown pump operation and repair/replace chlorinator parts.

START

Dosing the water supply. The pump operator doses the water supply with an arbitrary amount of chlorine, say 1.5 mg/L.

Allowing the solution to settle... Wait for 30 minutes.

Measurement of chlorine residual

Is residual zero or less than 0.3mg/L? but less tha 1.5mg/L

END

YES Increase the dosage until the right dosage is obtained

Is residual more

than 1.5 mg/L?

Decrease the dosage until the right dosage is obtained

YES

FIG. 6.0 CHLORINATION PROCESS



CHLORINE/CHLORINE COMPOUND USED IN DISINFECTION Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca(CIO)2) is an organic compound. As a mixture with lime and calcium chloride, it is marketed as chlorine powder or bleach powder for water treatment and as a bleaching agent.

District uses hypocholorination or injecting of chlorine solution into the water. Granular chlorine or calcium hypochlorite is utilized in this disinfection process due to the following reasons:

It has longer shelf-like and keeps its full strength almost indefinitely as long as it is kept in a closed and dry container.

Calcium hypocholorite contains 70% usable chlorine thus, less storage space is needed; and

Although all forms of chlorine are dangerous if handled carelessly, granular chlorine will not spill or splash thus, poses less danger to the handlers’ eyes, skin or clothing.

CHLORINE DOSAGES The commonly used dosages for various disinfection requirements are as follows: 1. For disinfection of water supplies:

o Dosage: 0.5 – 2.0 mg/l o Contact Time: 20 – 30 minutes

2. For disinfection of newly constructed/repaired wells, storage tanks,

pipelines, spring box, etc.: o Dosage: 50 mg/l o Contact Time: 24 hours or o Dosage: 300 mg/l o Contact Time: 1 hour

3. Sample Calculations:

To clearly illustrate the calculation proportions, dosage and feed rates, numerical values is being used in this manual. It should be noted that each pump station uses different values as their flow vary and this may vary from time to time depending on the pump’s flow rate.

Note that calcium hypochlorite contains only 70 percent available chlorine

Required amount of available chlorine:

= 1.0 kg/l x 1,000 cubic meter

A.1.4 Water Quality The sole product of the water district is water and it is mandatory for this product to meet at least the minimum standards specified by the PNSDW 2017 Edition. The water district is required to have a sample of its water tested by an accredited DOH laboratory for bacteriological presence at least once a month. Should a sample test positive for coli forms, the Utility must immediately have a re-sampling done and,



without waiting for the results, take the actions needed to determine the possible source of contamination in order to eliminate the cause. Where the sampling method indicates that customers are at risk of using unsafe water, the water district itself must take measures to warn its customers to take the necessary precautionary measures, such as boiling their drinking water before using, until there is assurance that the risk has been eliminated.

In case of a second positive testing, the IQWD Would consider suspension of operations until the problem is solved, and if this is not possible, it Would reinforce its advisory to all customers to boil their drinking water until they receive notice that the problem is solved. The IQWD’s responsibility for safe water makes it imperative to eliminate harmful organisms by some means, of which the standard is treatment with chlorine, as thoroughly discussed. As part of its routine water quality maintenance procedures, the water district should routinely, on a daily basis, take readings of chlorine residuals at different distribution points using a chlorine comparator. Water Quality Standards Water quality standards are set in Department of Health (DOH) standards which are very similar to WHO Guidelines for Drinking water quality. Water Supplies are subject to drinking water quality and environmental regulations. Water that reaches the consumers is conforming to the Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water (PNSDW) requirements which are as follows;

Table 4.0 Standard Values, Method of Detection and Points of Compliance

for Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water Parameter Standard

Values Method of Analysis Point of

Compliance

(SMEWW 22nd ed.)

1. Total Coliform

MTFT: • 9221 Multiple Tube • Consumer's taps



• 9222H Simultaneous Detection of Total

Coliform and E. coli by Dual- Chromogen

Membrane Filter Technique*

2. Thermotolerant MTFT: •

9221 Multiple Tube • Point sources

Coliform/E.coli < 1.1 MPN/ 100

Fermentation Technique • Consumer's taps

mL • 9221 E1 Thermotolerant • Water treatment

works

Coliform Test (EC medium) • Water refilling stations

• 9221 E2 Thermotolerant • Water Vending machines

Coliform Test (A-1 medium)* • Mobile Treatment

devices

EST: •

9223 Enzyme Substrate • Point of use treatment devices

Absent or



MTFT: Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique, MPN: Most Probable Number EST: Enzyme Substrate Test, CFU: Colony Forming Units MFT: Membrane Filter Technique

Table 5.0. Mandatory Drinking-Water Quality Parameters

No. Parameter

1 Thermotolerant Coliform Treatment Plant Outlet/Source

E. coli and Consumers' Taps

2 Arsenic (As) Treatment Plant Outlet/Source

3 Cadmium (Cd) Consumers' Taps

4 Lead (Pb) Consumers' Taps

5 Nitrate (NO2) Treatment Plant Outlet/Source

6 Color (Apparent) Treatment Plant Outlet/Source

and Consumers' Taps

7 Turbidity Consumers' Taps

8 pH Treatment Plant Outlet/Source

and Consumers' Taps

9 Total Dissolved Solids Treatment Plant Outlet/Source

10 Disinfectant Residual Treatment Plant Outlet/Source

and Consumers' Taps

*applicable to all Level II and Level III water facilities Table 6.0 Minimum Frequency of Sampling for Mandatory Physical and Chemical Parameters

No. Parameter No.

1 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)

29 Dibromochloromethane (DBCM)

2 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 30 Dibromoacetonitrile

3 1,2-Dichloroethane 31 Dichloroacetate

4 1,2-Dichloroethene 32 Dichloroacetonitrile

5 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 33 Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)

6 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 34 Dichloromethane

7 Acrylamide 35 Endrin

8 Aldrin and Dieldrin 36 Epichlorohydrin

9 Alpha Particles 37 Ethylbenzene

10 Atrazine 38 Ethylene Dibromide

11 Antimony 39 Fluoride

12 Barium 40 Glyphosate

13 Benzene 41 Lindane

14 Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs) 42 Manganese

15 Beta Particles 43 Mercury (Total)

16 Boron 44 Monochloroacetate

17 Bromate 45 Nickel



18 Bromodichloromethane (BDCM)

46 Nitrite

19 Bromoform 47 Pendimethalin

20 Carbon Tetrachloride 48 Radon

21 Carbofuran 49 Sulfate

22 Chlorate 50 Selenium

23 Chlordane 51 Styrene

24 Chlorite 52 Tetrachloroethene

25 Chloroform 53 trichloroacetate

26 Chromium (Total) 54 Toluene

27 Cyanide (total) 55 Total Trihalomethane (THM)

28 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 56 Vinyl Chloride

*applicable to all Level II and Level III water facilities

MICROBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR DRINKING WATER QUALITY

Frequent examinations for fecal indicator organisms remain as the most sensitive and specific way of assessing the hygienic quality of water. Fecal indicator bacteria should fill certain criteria to give meaningful results. The tests required to detect specific pathogens are generally very difficult and expensive so it is impractical for water systems to routinely test for specific types of organisms. A more practical approach is to examine the water for indicator of organisms specifically associated with fecal contamination. An indicator organism essentially provides evidence of fecal contamination from humans or warm-blooded animals. The criteria for an ideal organism are as follows:

a. Always present when pathogenic organism of concern is present, and absent

in clean, uncontaminated water; b. Present in large numbers in the feces of humans and warm-blooded animals; c. Respond to natural environmental conditions and to treatment process in a

manner similar to the waterborne pathogens of interest; d. Readily detectable by simple methods, easy to isolate, identify and

enumerate; e. Ratio of indicator/pathogen should be high; f. Indicator and pathogen should come from the same source (gastrointestinal

tract).

Water intended for human consumption should contain no indicator organisms. However, pathogens more resistant to conventional environmental conditions or treatment technologies may be present in treated drinking-water in the absence of E-coli or total coliforms. Protozoa and some enteroviruses are more resistant to many disinfectants including chlorine, and may remain viable and pathogenic in drinking-water following disinfection process (PNSDW 2007).

Water Sampling and Analysis for Microbiological Quality

To guarantee safety and acceptability of drinking water supply, IQWD carries out sampling of its water and submits it to DOH accredited laboratory for



microbiological analysis. Careful sampling point determination is employed to ensure that water samples are representative of the water throughout the system. Sampling points include but not limited to production wells, storage tanks and consumer taps. Sampling is done twice a month. The following are the methods of detection and the standard values being observed:

Procedure for Water Sample Collection

The sample should be representative of the water under examination. Contamination during collection and before examination should be avoided. IQWD adheres to the protocol set by MHO in sample collection: 1. Wear PPE before performing sample extraction. Sterilized bottle should

only be used for water sampling. 2. The sampling bottle should be kept unopened until the moment it is filled.

Care must be exercised to take samples that will be representative of the water being tested and to avoid contamination of the sample at the time of collection and in the period before examination.

3. Flame the tap for 2 to 3 minutes. 4. Open the tap fully and allow the water to run to waste for 2 to 3 minutes. 5. Restrict the flow from the tap to one that will permit filling the bottle without

splashing. 6. Hold the bottle near the base, remove the cover and head as a unit, taking

care to avoid soiling. 7. Do not rinse the bottle. Fill it just below the neck to provide ample air space

for mixing purposes. 8. Replace the cap immediately and secure the hood around the neck of the

bottle. 9. Submit the water sample immediately after collection to the laboratory

accompanied by complete and accurate identifying and descriptive data. Samples not so identified will not be accepted for examination.

10. The use of iced coolers for storage of water samples during transport to the laboratory is a must. The temperature should be held below 10°C during maximum transport time of six (6) hours.

Minimum Frequency of Sampling for Drinking Water Supply Systems for Microbiological Examination

Table 7.1 MINIMUM FREQUENCY OF MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION FOR DRINKING WATER

Source and Mode of Supply

Population Served

Minimum Frequency of Sampling for Total Coliform

and Thermotolerant

colifor/E.coli

Minimum Frequency of Sampling for Heterophic Plate Count

(HPC)*

Point of compliance

Level I Once in every three months

Not required Point source

Level II Once in every other month

1 sample every other month (required if

treated)

Communal Faucet



Level III Less than 5,000

2 sample monthly 2 sample monthly

Consumer’s Tap

5,000 – 100,000

1 sample per 5,000 population

+ 2 additional monthly

1 sample per 5,000 population

+ 2 additional monthly

Consumer’s Tap

More Than 100,000

1 sample per 10,000

population, + 12 additional

Collection of

samples should be spread out within a month

Compliance to

total coliform: At least 95% of

standard samples taken in each

month from each reservoir and

distribution point is total coliform

negative, provided that the thermotolerant

coliform is absent

Compliance to total coliform: No samples should test positive for thermotolerant

coliform

Required, at least 40% of

sampling points

Consumer’s Tap

All buildings (i.e. residential, commercial, industrial and institutional buildings)

Less than or equal to 600

1 sample every other month


Consumer’s Tap

More than 600 1 sample monthly 1 sample monthly

Consumer’s Tap

Food establishments



Ice Plants Once a month Once a month Product ice



Table 7.2 MINIMUM FREQUENCY FOR MANDATORY PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Source and Mode of Supply

Population Served

No. of Samples/ Frequency of Sampling

Sampling Location

Level I Once sample per year Point source Level II Once sample per year Communal

Faucet

Level III 49,999 and below

Once sample per year Refer to PNSD 2017 Edition

Table B-1 50,000 and above

Once sample for every 250,000 population

served per year

All buildings (i.e. Residential, commercial, industrial and institutional buildings)

One sample per year

Parameters to be tested:

Water from main

utilities: Lead,

color, odor,

turbidity, ph, TDS

With own source

of water: All

Mandatory

parameters

Water from main

utilities and own

source: All

Mandatory

Consumer’s Tap

Food establishments

Ice Plants

Selection of Sampling Point Location

PNSDW 2017 sets the guidelines for selecting the location of sampling points as follows: 1. Piped water supply zoning

Zoning of piped water supplies should be undertaken to ensure that different parts of the water supply system that may have different level of risk are adequately covered for water quality sampling.

A zone can be considered as coverage area per source, service reservoir supplies specific area, an area where different parts of the distribution system operates at different pressures and elevations and an area where leakage or reliability is different in different parts of the system.

1.1. Point Source

Samples should be taken from the point source from the principal outlet – hand pump or spring outlet.



For routine monitoring, boreholes or deep wells generally requires less frequent sampling as they are usually of better quality than shallow groundwater given the greater depths of water abstraction. It is also important to undertake an extended assessment of point source quality in order to develop understanding of the process causing water quality failure and this the appropriate interventions required to improve the source.

1.2. Selection of Sampling Sites

When the sample locations and frequencies of sampling visits have been calculated, the final stage is the selection of sampling sites. Sampling sites will usually be taken as being representative of a wider area. Sample sites can be either fixed – i.e. every time sampling is carried out in the area, a sample is always picked from the same point. Sample sites can also be random, with the exact location of the sample point in zone or area varying between sample rounds.

1.3. Key fixed points that should always be included in the surveillance

include:

Water leaving treatment works (usually the first tap)

The inlets and outlets of service reservoirs

Critical points in the distribution system – (e.g. low pressure area or parts of the system prone to frequent discontinuity)

Regular sampling points will include public taps in high-density areas or in places such as markets where large number of people congregate.

Test and Analysis

1. Physical/Chemical Test Various forms of chemicals, which occur naturally in the environment and in raw water or used in agriculture, industries and water treatment processes or domestically may be found in drinking water supplies. There are few chemical constituents of water that can lead to acute health problems except through massive accidental contamination of drinking water supply. In such incidents, water usually becomes undrinkable owing to unacceptable taste, odor, and appearance.

a. Obtain at least one (1) Raw Sample per pump station

Collect samples from wells only after the well has been pumped sufficiently to ensure that the samples represent the quality of groundwater that feeds the well. Sometimes, it will be necessary to pump at a specified rate to achieve a characteristic drawdown as part of the sample record. New wells will require sufficient utilization and abstraction before sampling.



b. Before samples are collected from distribution systems, flush the lines sufficiently to ensure that the sample is representative of the supply, taking into account the diameter and length of the pipe to be flushed and the velocity of flow.

c. Record location, time and date of extraction d. Send Sample to DOH Accredited Laboratory e. Send copy of result to MHO and LWUA

Frequency: performed semi-annually

2. Chlorine Residual Test (Random Sampling)

Procedure: a. Run water for at least 3 minutes b. Extract sample c. Put 5(five) drops of orthotolidine solution to sample water d. Refer to color chart for residual reading

Sampling:

a. Obtain at least 1 (one) sample per barangay b. Record location, time and date of extraction c. Send monthly result report General Manager

Pumping Station #3 Chlorine Dosage : 3.5Kg/ dissolve in 120 liters of water Frequency : every 24hrs Residual : 3.5PPM at Pump Station 2.0PPM at nearest consumer 0.3PPM at farthest consumer Pumping Station #5 Chlorine Dosage : 3.5Kg/ dissolve in 120 liters of water Frequency : every 24hrs Residual : 3.5PPM at Pump Station 1.5-2.0PPM at nearest consumer 0.3PPM at farthest consumer Pumping Station #6 Chlorine Dosage : 3.5Kg/ dissolve in 120 liters of water Frequency : every 24hrs Residual : 3.5PPM at Pump Station 1.5-2.0PPM at nearest consumer 0.3PPM at farthest consumer

3. Bacteriological Test (Random Sampling)

a. Obtain at least 1(one) Raw Sample/ for every 5,000 population b. Record location, time and date of extraction c. Send Sample to DOH Accredited Laboratory d. Send copy of result to MHO and LWUA

Frequency: performed monthly During Emergency

1. Chlorine Residual Test (Failed) a. Repeat sampling



b. Perform another Chlorine residual test c. Inject additional chorine dose to the system if necessary

2. Bacteriological Test (Positive from contaminants) a. Investigate the cause and coverage of affected are

a.1 Within concessionaires’ premises a.1.1 Inform/ advice necessary action on the part of

concessionaire a.2 Contaminants entered IQWD system

a.2.1 Issue Advisory to affected area a.2.2 Flush out water from the system a.2.3 Perform proper obligatory disinfection with the system

b. Execute another bacteriological test

Replace the cap immediately and secure the hood around the bottle.

Submit the water sample to the laboratory.

Flame the tap for 2 to 3 minutes.

Open the tap fully and allow the water to run waste for 2-3 minutes.

Hold the bottle near the base.

Remove the cover and head as a unit

START

Fill the bottle just below the neck to provide ample air for mixing purposes.

FIG. 7.0__ WATER SAMPLE EXTRACTION PROCESS



A.2 MAINTENANCE

The O&M of a water distribution system is directed at the following general objectives:

To ensure adequate pressure in the system 24/7;

To minimize non-revenue water (NRW);

To ensure that the water delivered is potable.

The distribution system consists of four components, whose O&M requirements are based on their unique characteristics as well as their function and contribution to the total system. They are:

Distribution pipelines

Storage tanks or reservoirs

Service connections or standpipes

Valves and other appurtenances

A.2.1 DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES SOUND OPERATION PRACTICES Properly constructed, pipelines can provide years of trouble-free operations. However, sound operation practices need to be observed, both to ensure water quality and to prevent the deterioration of pipeline efficiency. Sound operation practice can be summarized as follows:

a. Always maintain positive line pressure. Negative pressure could result in

backflow from private storage and the intrusion of foreign water/matter that may pollute or contaminate the system.

b. Always open and shut off valves gradually. Abruptly opening or shutting off a valve can cause sudden surges, changes in water velocity, and reversals of flow that might produce water hammer effects that could stir up sediments, making the water dirty, and damage valves and weaken the pipe joints.

c. Implement an appropriate flushing program to clear sediments from the system. Such a program should institute the regular, periodic flushing of the pipes, as well as prescribe the maintenance measures for those sections of the system that are more prone to sediment build-up, such as dead-end pipes and low sections. These sediment-prone sections should be pre-identified and, if needed, provided with additional blow-offs and hydrants to facilitate flushing and disinfection.

A.2.2 LOCATING WATER MAINS

The exact location of pipes can be determined by referring to records or as-built plans of the water supply system. In cases where records are inadequate or lost, underground pipes might be pinpointed

By asking old residents who witnessed their installation;

Detailed Pipe Network System was established in 2016

By using pipe locators, (pipes installed in 2015 onwards has detectable tape)

By trial excavation.

END



Locating Pipes with Pipe Locators

The position of water mains can easily be pinpointed with the use of a pipe locator. A small water utility, however, is unlikely to own this very expensive piece of equipment. It may have to rent one, unless it can be borrowed from a government agency that has one.

Locating Pipelines by Trial Excavation

In the vicinity of the reported problem, select a primary reference point that you can use to establish the position of the problem pipeline. An exposed pipe section, a gate valve, or gate valve box would be a good primary reference point;

Where there is no exposed pipe section, select any point on the north or east side of the road and make an excavation. In the Philippines, water mains are usually installed at the north or east side of the road;

If a water main is not found at the first point excavated, try again at another point on the north or east side of the road within the same vicinity. Continue the trial and error process until a water main is located;

Using the water main just located as reference point, select a second point 50 to 100 meters from it and make another excavation;

Once a second excavation point reveals the water main, draw an imaginary line connecting the successful excavation points 1 and 2. The connection of the two points is the exact position of the buried pipe;

Repeat the above process using the identified points as reference until all pipelines are pinpointed.

A.2.3 CLEANING PIPELINES

Water going through the pipelines may sometimes carry sand, sediments, and organic and other objectionable matter. When water velocity is low, these tend to get deposited and build up inside the pipes. The built-up deposits decrease the carrying capacity of the pipes and increase internal friction, making the pipelines less efficient. Less water can be delivered per given time, pumping costs increase, and the added and uneven pressure within the pipelines increases the likelihood of breaks and leaks. These effects are complicated when magnesium and calcium salts are present in the water (hard water), as their precipitation results in scaling inside the pipes. Likewise, when organic matter is present in the deposits, bacteria proliferate, causing undesirable odors, and an off-taste and color in the delivered water.

The method for removing solids which are not cemented to the inside surface of pipes is to flush with water at high velocity. Annual flushing is generally sufficient to maintain the pipelines clean. (But note that different water and pipe materials may need a different schedule.) Dead end pipes should be flushed and disinfected at least once a year. Furthermore, whenever mains are opened for repair, they should also be flushed and disinfected.

The flushing procedure is as follows:



Advise nearby residents at flushing points before performing flushing activity

Isolate the water mains to be cleaned by closing the appropriate control valves;

Empty the water mains by opening the blow-off valve or other temporary outlet at the lower end of the pipeline. In some cases, to expedite the emptying of water mains without pumping, compressed air may be introduced at the highest point of the isolated system

Inject water at high-induced velocity (1.0 meter per second or higher) until the objectionable materials are expelled;

As needed, disinfect the pipelines. After disinfection, flush the pipeline with clean water until the chlorine-odor is hardly detectable;

Put pipelines back to operation. Frequ