IPv6 intro

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IPv6

Author Vikas Kalsi

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Version 01

Date of Issue 3/05/12

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Table of Content

1.0 CONFIDENTIALITY / LEGAL NOTIFICATION 32.0 INTRODUCTION 33.0 LIST OF ANNEXURE 34.0 Glossary 3



1.0 CONFIDENTIALITY / LEGAL NOTIFICATION<Confidential / Legal Notice>



2.0 INTRODUCTION

IETF (Internet Engineering Tasking Force) has developed a suite of protocol and standards called IPv6.IPv6 address is 128 bit hexadecimal address. It is in column separated format and each column separated by quatets.

IPv6 Features Larger address space – IPv6 increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 128 bits. Increasing the size

of the address field increases number of unique IP addresses from approximately 4,300,000,000 (4.3×109) to 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (3.4×1038). Increasing the address space to 128 bits provides the following additional potential benefits:

Built-in Security - Support for IPsec is an IPv6 protocol suite requirement. This requirement provides a standards-based solution for network security needs and promotes interoperability between different IPv6 implementations.

New Protocol for Neighboring Node Interaction - The Neighbor Discovery protocol for IPv6 is a series of Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6) messages that manage the interaction of neighboring nodes (nodes on the same link). Neighbor Discovery replaces the broadcast-based Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), ICMPv4 Router Discovery, and ICMPv4 Redirect messages with efficient multicast and unicast Neighbor Discovery messages.

Built-in Quality of service - Built-in Quality of service that ensures to guarantee to data transfer rate.

Anycast Address - IPv6 introduced new type of address that is anycast i.e One to nearest one.

Example of IPv6 Address – 2001:0db8:0012:0000:0000:1234:0000:abcd

Shortened Expression of IPv6

1) Omit all the leading zero2001:db8:12:0:0:1234:0:abcd

2) Replacing contiguous quatets with the (::) having all zeros2001:db8:12::1234:0:abcd

Address Types in IPv6

1) Unicast - One to One2) Malticast - One to Many3) Anycast - One to nearest one

Special Addressing

0000::/8 - Reserved for use by IETF

FF00::/8 - Multicast Address



2000::/3 to 3000::/3 - Global unicast address similar to Public IP address in IPV4

FE80::/10 to FEB - Link local address similar to APIPA address in IPv4

FC00::/7 to FD - Unique Local Address similar to Private IP address in IPv4.

FF02::1 - Multicas Address similar to subnet broadcast address in IPV4.

::1 - Loop Back Address

:: - Default root or Unspecified Address

2001:db8::/32 - This address is reserved for demonstration purpose in IPv6.

Prefix ID and Interface ID

Prefix ID = 64 bits

Interface ID = 64 bits

Prefix ID - IPv6 prefix ID is similar to Network ID portion in IPv4, Prefix ID contain 64 Bits.

How divided 64 bits in Prefix ID

1) RIRs (Regional Internet Registries)

First 12 bits represent country or continental.

2) ISP (Internet Service Provider)

Next 20 bits represent ISP of country

3) Sites (ISPs Branch Offices)

Next 16 bits reserved for one site for one ISP

4) Subnet - Network to be assigned to the subscriber or the customer

Next 16 bits reserved for one ISP of One Branch.



3.0 LIST OF ANNEXURE

Interface ID - IPv6 Interface ID is similar to Host ID portion in IPv4, Prefix ID contain 64 Bits

Interface ID assign by Router or DHCP

There are two methods to assign Interface ID

1) Manual 2) Using Auto Configuration

There are two methods in Auto Configuration

1) Randomize Identifier

In this computer automatically generate 64 bit random ID.

2) Enhanced Unique Identifier (EUI)

Add one quatet FFFE (Its universal) in the middle of MAC Address of PC.

After add FFFE in MAC one more step. Flip 7th Universal bit in address. After you get your Interface ID.



4.0 GLOSSARY

Questions asked during Session

1) Anycast Address 2) How is 128 bits comes3) Arp protocol used in IPv6 or not.4) There is any private address or public address range in IPv6 or not.


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IPv6 intro