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IPv6 Deployment: Business Case and Development Opportunities
University College of the Caribbean Internet Day
12 July 2012 Tim Christensen, ARIN
Internet Governance • Definition of Internet governance*:
…the development and application by governments, the private sector and civil society, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures, and programmes that shape the evolution and use of the Internet.
• ARIN is working to educate governments and international organizations about the RIR bottom-up and multi-stakeholder policy process.
• ARIN provides technical advice with regard to Internet number resource management based on community consensus-based policy.
• ARIN is working to ensure that the multi-stakeholder community based model is understood and valued in the global Internet governance policy debate.
*as defined in 2005 by The World Summit on the Information Society(WSIS)
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Internet Governance
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Internet Governance
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What is an RIR?
• An RIR is an organization that manages the allocation and registration of Internet number resources within a particular region of the world. – Internet number resources include
IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and autonomous system (AS) numbers.
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Regional Internet Registries
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ARIN’s Service Region
ARIN’s region includesCanada, many Caribbean and North Atlan9c islands, and the United States.
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1993 IR function contracted by NSF to NSI; InterNIC formed, DoD oversight ends. APNIC formed. à à Registrant
1992 RFC 1366: Regional IRs established; RIPE NCC formed
à à Registrant
1991 RFC 1261: DoD IR function contract moved to Network Solutions, Inc.
à à Registrant
1980s Internet Registry (IR) function contracted by DoD to SRI International à à Registrant
1980s NSFNET/ARPANET - Jon Postel managed addressing via DoD contract; this was called the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) à Registrant
Government O
versight
Historical Timeline
DDN NIC
DDN NIC
DDN NIC
InterNIC
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Historical Timeline
2005 Regionalization complete; AfriNIC formed
à à Registrant
2002 Regionalization continues; LACNIC formed
à à Registrant
1998 ICANN formed by US Gov’t (top level technical coordination)
à à Registrant
1997 IR regionalization continues; ARIN formed. USG oversight of IR function ends.
à à Registrant
Community O
versight
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Not-for-profit Membership Organization
Community Regulated
• Fee for services, not number resources
• 100% community funded
• Broad-based
- Private sector - Public sector - Civil society
• Community developed policies
• Member-elected executive board
• Open and transparent
RIR Structure
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Number Resources Organization Policy Development
• IP address allocation & assignment
• ASN assignment • Directory services
• Whois • IRR
• Reverse DNS • DNSSEC • RPKI (Sept 2012)
• Information dissemination
• Website • Newsletters • Roundtables
• Outreach • Training • Meetings • Elections
• Forum for bottom-up, consensus-based policy discussion including email lists
• Policy Development Process
• Conduct public policy meetings
• Publish policy documents
RIR Services
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2012 Community Outreach Events
Key Messaging on IPv6: – ARIN on the Road (New York, Chicago, more) – Consumer Electronics Show – Internet2 Joint Techs – V6 World Congress – North American IPv6 Summit – Interop – The Cable Show – CANTO (Caribbean Association of National
Telecommunication Organizations) – Carribean Telecommunications Union ICT Roadshows – CaribNOG – UCC Internet Day
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Who Provisions IP Addresses and ASNs?
ICANN IANA
• Top level technical coordination of the Internet (Names, Numbers, Root Servers) • Manage global unallocated IP address pool
• Allocate number resources to RIRs
RIR • Manage regional unallocated IP address pool
• Allocate number resources to ISPs/LIRs
• Assign number resources to End-users
ISP/LIR
• Manage local IP address pool for use by customers and for infrastructure
• Allocate number resources to ISPs
• Assign number resources to End-users
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Number Resource Provisioning Hierarchy
ICANN / IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
Manage global unallocated IP address pool
ISPs
End Users ISPs
RIRs (AfriNIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, RIPE NCC)
Manage regional unallocated IP address pool
Re-Allocate Re-Assign
End Users
Allocate
Assign Allocate
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Quick History of the Internet Protocol
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• Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4, or just “IP”) – First developed for the original Internet (ARPANET) in spring 1978 – Deployed globally with growth of the Internet – Total of 4 billion IP addresses available – Well entrenched and used by every ISP and hosting company
to connect customers to the Internet – Allocated based on documented need
• Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) – Design started in 1993 when IETF forecasts showed IPv4
depletion between 2010 and 2017 – Completed, tested, and available for production since 1999 – Total of 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 IP
addresses available – Used and managed similar to IPv4
IPv4 Address Space Utilization
*as of 3 February 2011
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IPv4 Address Space: What is the status of each of the 256 /8s?
*as of March 2012
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IANA available IPv4 Space in /8s
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Each RIR received its last /8 IPv4 address block from IANA on 3 February 2011.
IPv4 Depletion Has Occurred
While each RIR currently has IPv4 addresses to allocate, it is impossible to predict when each RIR will run out.
Current Estimate to ARIN depletion – mid 2013
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Available IPv4 Addresses per RIR (expressed in /8 equivalents)
* As of July 2012
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IPv4 ADDRESS SPACE ISSUED (RIRs TO CUSTOMERS)
In terms of /8s, how much total space has each RIR issued? (Jan 1999 – Sept 2011)
*as of March 2012
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IPv4 ADDRESS SPACE ISSUED (RIRs TO CUSTOMERS)
In terms of /8s, how much space did each RIR issue by year?
*as of 30 September 2011
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IPv4 Inventory Report • As of 5 July 2012, ARIN has 3.19 /8
equivalents in its available pool
IPv4 inventory published on ARIN’s website: www.arin.net
Inventory updated daily @ 8PM ET
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The business case for IPv6 • We’re running out of IPv4
address space.
• IPv6 must be adopted for continued Internet growth.
• IPv6 is not backwards compatible with IPv4.
• We must maintain IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously for many years.
• IPv6 deployment has begun.
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• RIRs have been allocating IPv6 address space since 1999.
• Thousands of organizations have received an IPv6 allocation to date.
• ARIN has IPv6 distribution policies for service providers, community networks, and end-user organizations.
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IPv6 Deployment has begun
IPv6 ADDRESS SPACE How much has been allocated to the RIRs?
*as of March 2012
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IPv6 Allocations RIRs to LIRs/ISPs How many allocations have been made by each RIR by year?
*as of March 2012
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IPV6 ASSIGNMENTS RIRS TO END-USERS
*as of March 2012
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*as of March 2012
IPv6 ALLOCATIONS (RIRs TO LIRs/ISPs)
How many total allocations have been made by each RIR? (Jan 1999 – Mar 2012)
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PERCENTAGE OF MEMBERS WITH BOTH IPv4 AND IPv6 IN EACH RIR
* As of March 2012
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**Feb 3, 2011- IANA depletion
Current State of IPv6 Adoption
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Jan-‐11 Feb-‐11 Mar-‐11 Apr-‐11 May-‐11 Jun-‐11 Jul-‐11 Aug-‐11 Sep-‐11 Oct-‐11 Nov-‐11 Dec-‐11 Jan-‐12 Feb-‐12 Mar-‐12 IPv6 Assignments 29 57 59 54 46 38 28 41 36 23 18 21 24 22 27
IniHal IPv6 AllocaHons 41 91 70 57 52 46 28 44 33 26 30 30 23 22 27
Completed
IPv6 Delega9
ons
2011 & 1st Qtr 2012 IPv6 Address Allocations and Assignments
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ISP Members with IPv4 and IPv6
Total of 4,122 ISP Subscriber Members
*as of 31 March 2012 32
Disruption of Business Models
What does IPv6 mean for: • Broadband Access Providers? • Internet Content Providers? • Enterprise Customers? • Internet Service Providers? • Equipment Vendors? • Government Organizations?
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Your customers want access to the entire Internet, and this means IPv4 and IPv6 websites. Offering full access requires running IPv4/IPv6 transition services and is a significant engineering project.
Multiple transition technologies are available, and each provider needs to make its own architectural decisions.
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Broadband Changes
Content Changes
Content must be reachable to newer Internet customers.
Content served only via IPv4 will be accessed by IPv6 customers via transition solutions run by access providers.
Plan on serving content via IPv6 in addition to IPv4 as soon as possible.
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Mail, web, and application servers must be reachable via IPv6 in addition to IPv4.
Open a dialogue with your Internet Service Provider about providing IPv6 services.
Each organization must decide on timelines, and investment level will vary.
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Enterprise Changes
Plan out how to connect businesses via IPv6-only and IPv4/IPv6 in addition to IPv4-only.
Businesses are beginning to ask for IPv6 over their existing Internet connections and for their co-located servers.
Communicate with your peers and vendors about IPv6, and confirm their timelines for production IPv6 services.
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Internet Service Provider Changes
Equipment Vendor Changes There was probably limited demand for IPv6 in the past.
Demand for IPv6 support will accelerate very, very quickly.
Introduce IPv6 support into your product cycle as soon as possible.
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Coordinate with industry to support and promote awareness and educational activities.
Adopt regulatory and economic incentives to encourage IPv6 adoption. Require IPv6 compatibility in procurement procedures.
Officially adopt IPv6 within your government agencies.
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Government Changes
IPv4 & IPv6 Coexistence
Today, the Internet is predominantly based on IPv4.
For the foreseeable future, the Internet must run both IP versions (IPv4 & IPv6) at the same time (when done on a single device, called the “dual-stack” approach).
Deployment is underway—already there are organizations attempting to reach your mail, web, and application servers via IPv6...
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IPv6 Adoption Needs
• IPv6 address space
• IPv6 connectivity (native or tunneled)
• Operating systems, software, and network management tool upgrades
• Router, firewall, and other hardware upgrades
• IT staff and customer service training
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Learn More About IPv6
www.ARIN.net
www.GetIPv6.info www.TeamARIN.net
www.arin.net/knowledge/ipv6_info_center.html
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Get Involved
Your participation Important, critical, needed, appreciated…
Get Involved in ARIN Public Policy Mailing List ARIN Suggestion and Consultation Process Member Elections Public Policy and Member’s Meetings
http://www.arin.net/participate/
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ARIN Mailing Lists
ARIN Mailing Lists ARIN ConsultaHon -‐ arin-‐[email protected] Open to the general public. Used in conjuncHon with the ARIN ConsultaHon and SuggesHon Process (ACSP) to gather comments, this list is only open when there is a call for comments ARIN Issued -‐ arin-‐[email protected] Read-‐only list open to the general public. Used by ARIN staff to provide a daily report of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses returned and IPv4 and IPv6 addresses issued directly by ARIN or address blocks returned to ARIN's free pool. ARIN Technical Discussions -‐ arin-‐tech-‐[email protected] Open to the general public. Provided for those interested in providing technical feedback to ARIN on experiences in the use or evaluaHon of current ARIN services and features in development.
https://www.arin.net/participate/mailing_lists/index.html ARIN Announce - [email protected] ARIN Discussion – [email protected] ARIN Public Policy – [email protected] ARIN Consultation – [email protected] ARIN Issued – [email protected] ARIN Technical Discussions - [email protected] 44
Next ARIN Meeting – Oct 24-26 • Discuss policies
• Attend tutorials
• Enjoy social events
• Network with colleagues
• Participate remotely
www.arin.net/participate/meetings
Apply for the fellowship to attend an ARIN meeting for free!
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ARIN on Social Media
Facebook www.facebook.com/TeamARIN
Twitter www.twitter.com/TeamARIN
LinkedIn www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=834217
YouTube www.youtube.com/TeamARIN
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LINKS TO RIR STATISTICS
• RIR Stats: www.nro.net/statistics
• Raw Data/Historical RIR Allocations: www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space
www.iana.org/assignments/as-numbers www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-unicast-
address-assignments
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Learn More and Get Involved
Learn more about IPv6 www.arin.net
Get Involved in ARIN Public Policy Mailing List Attend a Meeting – in person or remote
http://www.arin.net/participate/
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Thank You
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