IPv6 at CERN C5 Presentation 7 November 2003

IPv6 at CERNIPv6 at CERNC5 PresentationC5 Presentation

7 November 20037 November 2003

Daniel DavidsDaniel Davids

CERN / ITCERN / IT

7 November 2003Daniel Davids /

CERN [2]C5 Presentation

SummarySummary

Why IPv6 ?Why IPv6 ? Migration ?Migration ? Internet2 Internet2

LSRLSR



Why IPv6 ?Why IPv6 ?

Shortcomings of IPv4Shortcomings of IPv4

Advantages of IPv6Advantages of IPv6

IPv4 Address Space ExpansionIPv4 Address Space Expansion Header Format Simplification Header Format Simplification

andand Support for Extensions & Support for Extensions &

OptionsOptions Address Auto-ConfigurationAddress Auto-Configuration Designed for P2P MobilityDesigned for P2P Mobility



IPv4 Address Space IPv4 Address Space AllocationAllocation

1981 – IPv4 Published1981 – IPv4 Published

1985 ~ 10% Allocated1985 ~ 10% Allocated





20052005 ~ ~ ??

?? ~ ~ 100%100% Allocated Allocated

0102030405060708090

100

??



RIPE NCC StatementRIPE NCC Statement

IPv4 Address Space: 30 October 2003IPv4 Address Space: 30 October 2003http://www.ripe.net/http://www.ripe.net/

There have been press articles posted over There have been press articles posted over the past year that make statements about the past year that make statements about the remaining pool of IPv4 address space.the remaining pool of IPv4 address space.

A recent article states there is a shortage A recent article states there is a shortage and that Internet Protocol Numbers will and that Internet Protocol Numbers will run out some time in the year 2005.run out some time in the year 2005.



Address Space Address Space ExpansionExpansion

IPv6IPv6

IPv4IPv4 AA BB DDCC128 Class-As of 16,777,216128 Class-As of 16,777,216

16,384 Class-Bs of 65,53616,384 Class-Bs of 65,536

2,097,152 Class-Cs of 2542,097,152 Class-Cs of 254

InterfaceInterface

Total of 18.4 Exa-Subnets of each 18.4 Exa-AddressesTotal of 18.4 Exa-Subnets of each 18.4 Exa-Addresses

36,050 Subnets per Square-Meter of Earth’s Surface36,050 Subnets per Square-Meter of Earth’s Surface

http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ipv6policy.htmlhttp://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ipv6policy.html

64641616 161699202033

88 888888

RIRRIR LIRLIR00

00

11

/23/23 /32/32 /48/48

EUEUSub-Sub-

NetsNets

/64/64 /128/128



CERN’s AllocationsCERN’s Allocations CERN’s IPv4 Address RangesCERN’s IPv4 Address Ranges

128.141.0.0/16 & 137.138.0.0/16 This makes roughly 130,000

Addresses

CERN’s IPv6 Address RangeCERN’s IPv6 Address Range 2001:1458::/32 - LIR Since June 2003 This makes roughly 4 Billion Sub-Nets

Item for DiscussionItem for DiscussionWhen does CERN intend to migrate to When does CERN intend to migrate to IPv6? Knowing that their current IPv4 IPv6? Knowing that their current IPv4

address range is currently sufficient and address range is currently sufficient and that the current router infrastructure can that the current router infrastructure can

NOT be upgraded to IPv6!NOT be upgraded to IPv6!











IPv6 Header & IPv6 Header & OptionsOptions

The IPv6 Header Contains the The IPv6 Header Contains the Mandatory Information FieldsMandatory Information Fields

Version | DiffServ | Flow Label | Payload Length

Next Header | Hop Limit | Source | Destination

Optional Information goes into Optional Information goes into Linked Extension HeadersLinked Extension Headers

Hop-by-Hop | Destination | Routing | Fragment

Authentication | Encapsulating Security Payload











Address Auto-Address Auto-ConfigurationConfiguration

An Interface can receive an IPv6 An Interface can receive an IPv6 address from each network it seesaddress from each network it sees

Multiple IPv6 Addresses per Interface Uniqueness: Use of Pseudo-MAC Address

MobilityMobility Always use the same IPv6 address Always use the same IPv6 address

regardless of the network it seesregardless of the network it sees It Acquires a Dedicated “Home Address” Use of Source Routing – Efficient in IPv6



SummarySummary


LSRLSR



Migration ?Migration ?

Co-Existance 4 & 6Co-Existance 4 & 6 IPv6 in IPv4 IPv6 in IPv4

TunnelsTunnels NAT-PT for IPv6NAT-PT for IPv6 IPv6 Test-BedIPv6 Test-Bed



Co-Existance 4/6Co-Existance 4/6 Co-Existance is no ProblemCo-Existance is no Problem As Long as you Don’t want toAs Long as you Don’t want to

Interact between IPv4 & IPv6Interact between IPv4 & IPv6 Your Work-Station can run BothYour Work-Station can run Both

IPv4/6 Stacks SimultaneouslyIPv4/6 Stacks Simultaneously IPv4/6 has No Impact on IPv4/6 has No Impact on

BridgingBridging Most Recent Backbone RoutersMost Recent Backbone Routers

can Route IPv6 at Wire-Speedcan Route IPv6 at Wire-Speed The Application Needs to DecideThe Application Needs to Decide

if it Wants to Use IPv4 or IPv6if it Wants to Use IPv4 or IPv6



IPv6 in IPv4 TunnelsIPv6 in IPv4 Tunnels

IPv6IPv6

IPv6IPv6

IPv6IPv6

IPv6IPv6

IPv4IPv4

IPv4IPv4

IPv4IPv46in46in4

6in46in4

6in46in4

6in46in4

Border Routers Border Routers Encapsulate IPv6 Encapsulate IPv6 Packets in IPv4 Packets in IPv4

Packets and Send Packets and Send them over the them over the IPv4 Network IPv4 Network

towards the Peer towards the Peer end of the Tunnelend of the Tunnel

Both Ends of the Both Ends of the Tunnel must have Tunnel must have

an IPv4 and an an IPv4 and an IPv6 Address!IPv6 Address!



NAT-PT for IPv6NAT-PT for IPv6

NAT-PT Allows Native IPv6 Hosts to Communicate NAT-PT Allows Native IPv6 Hosts to Communicate with Native IPv4 Hosts, AND VICE VERSA!with Native IPv4 Hosts, AND VICE VERSA!

Constraints: No Security – Not All Applications Work!Constraints: No Security – Not All Applications Work!

Network Address TranslationNetwork Address TranslationProtocol Translation for IPv6Protocol Translation for IPv6

IPv4IPv4 IPv6IPv6

NativeNative

IPv4IPv4

NativeNative

IPv6IPv6



IPv6 Test-BedIPv6 Test-Bed



SummarySummary


LSRLSR



Internet2 LSRInternet2 LSR

People InvolvedPeople Involved LSR Contest InfoLSR Contest Info LSR of May 2003LSR of May 2003 LSR of October 2003LSR of October 2003 The DataTAG ProjectThe DataTAG Project



People InvolvedPeople Involved

CERN, Geneva:CERN, Geneva: Olivier Herve MartinOlivier Herve Martin Daniel DavidsDaniel Davids Paolo MoroniPaolo Moroni

DataTAG/CERN:DataTAG/CERN: Edoardo MartelliEdoardo Martelli

CALTECH - US:CALTECH - US: Harvey NewmanHarvey Newman Sylvain RavotSylvain Ravot Dan NaeDan Nae



Internet2 LSR ContestInternet2 LSR Contest

http://lsr.internet2.edu/http://lsr.internet2.edu/

““A minimum of 100 megabytes must be A minimum of 100 megabytes must be transferred a minimum terrestrial distance of transferred a minimum terrestrial distance of 100 kilometers with a minimum of two router 100 kilometers with a minimum of two router

hops in each direction between the source hops in each direction between the source node and the destination node across one or node and the destination node across one or

more operational and production-oriented more operational and production-oriented high-performance research and education high-performance research and education

networks” networks”

““Unit of measurement is bit-meters/secondUnit of measurement is bit-meters/second””



LSR IPv6 of May 2003LSR IPv6 of May 2003

TCP/IPv6 Single StreamTCP/IPv6 Single Stream By CALTECH & CERNBy CALTECH & CERN Established on 3 May 2003 Established on 3 May 2003 7,067 Kilometers of Network7,067 Kilometers of Network 983 Mbits/second - 3600 983 Mbits/second - 3600

secondsseconds Data transferred: 412 Gigabytes Data transferred: 412 Gigabytes 6,947 Terabit-meters/second6,947 Terabit-meters/second

See “See “http://cern.ch/ipv6-lsr/http://cern.ch/ipv6-lsr/””



W02CHIDual

Xeon2.2GHzSysKonnect

GbE

W02GVADual Xeon 2.2GHzSysKonnect GbE

R05CHIJuniper M10

R05GVAJuniper M10

R04CHICisco 7609

R04GVACisco 7606

DataTAG

Alcatel1670

Alcatel1670

1 GE 1 GE

1 GE

1 GE

1 GE

1 GE

STM-16

Chicago - USA Geneva - CH



LSR IPv6 of October LSR IPv6 of October 20032003

TCP/IPv6 Single StreamTCP/IPv6 Single Stream By CERN & CALTECH By CERN & CALTECH Established on 3 November 2003 Established on 3 November 2003 7,067 Kilometers of Network7,067 Kilometers of Network 3,867 Mbits/second – Three Hours3,867 Mbits/second – Three Hours Data transferred: 5,264 Gigabytes Data transferred: 5,264 Gigabytes 27,329 Terabit-meters/second27,329 Terabit-meters/second

SeeSee ““http://cern.ch/emartell/done/datatag/http://cern.ch/emartell/done/datatag/

ipv6_land_speed_record_oct_2003/ipv6_land_speed_record_oct_2003/

ipv6-lsr-20031031.htmlipv6-lsr-20031031.html””



V13CHIDual Xeon 3GHz

Intel PRO/10GbE LR

OPLAPRO27Dual Itanium2 1.5GHzIntel PRO/10GbE LR

R07CHIProcket 8801

R07GVAProcket 8801

DataTAG

10 GE

10 GE

STM-64

Chicago - USA Geneva - CH



Internet2 LSR HistoryInternet2 LSR HistoryTera-bit-meter-per-secondTera-bit-meter-per-second

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Month Mar-00 Apr-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Feb-03 May-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Nov-03

Month

Internet2 landspeed record history(in terabit-meters/second)

IPv4 terabit-meters/second)

IPv6 (terabit-meters/second)

IPv4 IPv4 61.761.7Peta-Peta-bmpsbmps

IPv6 IPv6 27.327.3Peta-Peta-bmpsbmps



Internet2 LSR HistoryInternet2 LSR HistoryGiga-bit-per-secondGiga-bit-per-second

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

Month Mar-00 Apr-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Feb-03 May-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Nov-03

Month

Internet2 landspeed record history(in Gigabit/second)

IPv4 (Gb/s)

IPv6 (Gb/s)

For the First Time in theFor the First Time in theWide Area Networking Wide Area Networking

History,History,Throughput Performance was Throughput Performance was

onlyonlyLimited by the Limited by the End-SystemsEnd-Systems

and and NOT by the NOT by the NetworkNetwork!!



The DataTAG ProjectThe DataTAG Project

Research and Technological Development for a Research and Technological Development for a TransAtlantic GRIDTransAtlantic GRID

The goal is to create a large-scale intercontinental testbed for data-The goal is to create a large-scale intercontinental testbed for data-intensive Grids with a focus on “intensive Grids with a focus on “Network ResearchNetwork Research” and “” and “Grid Grid

InteroperabilityInteroperability””

DataTAG-Funded PartnersDataTAG-Funded Partners

PPARC (UK), INRIA (FR), UoA (NL), INFN (IT) & CERN (CH)PPARC (UK), INRIA (FR), UoA (NL), INFN (IT) & CERN (CH)

Test-bedTest-bed

Transatlantic STM-16 & STM-64Transatlantic STM-16 & STM-64

between Geneva (CERN) and Chicago (StarLight)between Geneva (CERN) and Chicago (StarLight)

See “http://www.datatag.org/”See “http://www.datatag.org/”



ConclusionsConclusions

IPv6 Works – but the World is NOT Ready YetIPv6 Works – but the World is NOT Ready Yet Migration to a IPv6-Only World will Take LongMigration to a IPv6-Only World will Take Long The Advantages of IPv6 are Considerable!The Advantages of IPv6 are Considerable!

Thank You For your Thank You For your AttentionAttention

Questions / Questions / DiscussionDiscussion

Documents

IPv6 at CERN C5 Presentation 7 November 2003