IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing

Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life

IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing IoT BusinessYAMABE Tomoki, KITAGAWA Taihei, TANAKA Kazuyoshi

1. Introduction

Today, there is a lot of buzz surrounding the Internet of Things (IoT), in which data-gathering sensors embedded in everyday things and objects transmit data via the Internet to cloud-based computers which analyze the data to create new value. The key to making this all work is instant connection between the sensors, which act as the contact points with the real world where the targeted things exist, and the cloud plat-forms, which utilize the data obtained from those sensors effi-ciently and effectively.

This paper introduces the cloud platform technology and em-bedded system devices or sensors developed by NEC to provide the infrastructure necessary to make the world of IoT a reality.

1.1 The Growing Buzz around IoT

The increasing excitement that surrounds IoT is being driven not only by the extraordinary advances in technology we have seen over the past decade - most obviously the rapid evolution of the communication environment as exemplified by the ubiquity of Wi-Fi, smartphones, and various sensing technologies - but also by the expanding potential for new ap-

plications capable of solving a wide range of problems faced by society today.

Many industries that play key roles in modern society such as energy, manufacturing, and healthcare face increasing de-mands to create new value, while at the same time being under pressure to increase efficiency, reduce cost, and enhance inter-national competitiveness (Fig. 1).

Efforts to solve such problems eventually reach a limit -

IoT - the Internet of Things - is “the next big thing” and it’s already here. Revolving around the incorporation of sensors in physical objects or “things”, or sensing the event or changes of environment. And then using cloud-based applications to ana-lyze and leverage the data collected by those sensors in real time to create new values, IoT is rapidly accelerating worldwide. As a major player in communications and database technologies, NEC is well positioned to capitalize on this trend and pro-mote its development. The company has developed and reorganized its core technologies and system technologies to create the foundation for a powerful new IoT platform. These systems are already having an impact in the healthcare field, which has conventionally been difficult to turn into a service, as well as in the physical distribution industry, which is involved in the transportation of goods. To this point, the biggest impact by far has been in the M2M market where mechanisms to quickly configure systems by more efficiently using existing infrastructures and networks are now beginning to be deployed.

IoT, M2M, healthcare, wearableKeywords

Abstract

Fig. 1 Examples of social issues.

Energy

Agriculture

Manufacturing

Food self-sufficiency rate

Ratio of operating profit for manufacturers

Total light power

Calorie-based

374billion kWh

875billion kWh

73% 39%

Approx.

7%Less than

4%

FY 1975 FY 2012

FY 1975 FY 2013

1970 2010s

It is required to improve added value aiming at increased efficiency, reduced cost, and enhanced competitiveness.

Healthcare 6 trillionJPY

39 trillionJPY

FY 1975 FY 2012

Development of new business models

Issue:Maintaining internationalcompetitiveness by improving efficiency

Issue:Improving energy efficiency

Issue:Reducing healthcare costs through improved health management

National healthcare expenditures

Total amount of electric power used

Sustainable living/Sustainable lifestyles

NEC Technical Journal／Vol.10 No.1／Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life68

both quantitatively and qualitatively - when those efforts are made by people alone. This is what makes IoT so exciting; it promises to make everything - from automobiles to airports - “smart.” With data-gathering sensors embedded in physical objects transmitting data to cloud-based computers able to use that data to visualize scenarios, predict the future, provide feedback, and suggest alternatives - all automatically with as little human intervention as possible (Fig. 2).

One area where progress is already substantial is in the field of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications as the ability to monitor the operating conditions of machines from a dis-tance and to increase the efficiency of maintenance tasks deliv-ers immediate value to businesses. The rate of adoption is pick-ing up rapidly as companies must introduce these capabilities merely to stay competitive. So far, however, this technology has only been adopted by those industries that already have the necessary preconditions in place: 1) certain computer functions and 2) means of connection with external networks. In other words, the targets have been companies such as those in the industrial machinery industry which already use ICT systems.

The IoT will change all this. Information about things and humans that have never been connected to ICT will be col-lected and utilized by new technology like wearable devices - smartwatches and activity trackers are early examples of this

technology. The possibility of embedding sensors in just about everything promises potentially explosive expansion of the IoT market (Fig. 3).

1.2 The Value of IoT in Inter-industry Markets

In many industries today, corporate efforts are no longer restricted to one’s own company. Cooperation between di-verse business categories - or the trend toward inter-industry - is becoming more and more prevalent across a wide range of industrial categories. By energizing collaboration between companies that transcends the existing frameworks of business categories, these efforts are focusing on creation of new values and creation of new businesses (Fig. 4).

In markets that are becoming inter-industry-oriented, the role played by IoT is growing in importance. In the field of healthcare, for example, the IoT environment has gradually become extensive enough that it is now possible to conceive of new services in various business categories based on human biological information that can be obtained from IoT. Today many companies are accelerating their utilization investiga-tions into IoT, aiming at creation of new healthcare and life-care services and new businesses, such as prevention and early detection of disease and health promotion while still healthy, in addition to conventional medical care (Fig. 5).

Fig. 2 Examples of values created by IoT.

Fig. 3 Conceptual chart showing the level of IoT.

Fig. 4 Trends in inter-industry-oriented applications.

Fig. 5 Inter-industry-oriented applications in healthcare.

Energy Medicalcare

Cars,traffic

Factories&

machines

Physicaldistribution

Administ-ration &

publicservices

Crimeprevention

&security

Agriculture

Examples of inter-industry applicationsSmart city Health care Next-generation

monozukuri*The 6th industry

Stores, offices,infrastructures,

housing, etc.

Prevention, health promotion,new services, etc.

International competitiveness enhancement, energy saving,efficiency improvement, etc.

Integration of production,processing,

and distribution of food

Trends in inter-industry applications through creation of new value

* Japanese word that refers to manufacturing which is in harmony with nature and that adds value to society.

Information aboutevery thing

Environmentalinformation

Operating information

Probe information

Energy information

Utilization for new awareness

and action support

Centralized management, accumulation, and analysis

Patient body information

Visualization Actionpromotion

Symptom/prediction etc.

SensorSensor

SensorSensorSensorSensor SensorSensor

SensorSensor

Agriculture

Manufacturing/distribution Healthcare

Transportation/ITS

Energy

Life care(healthy stage,

health promotion)

careHealth care(disease prevention,

early detection)

Sick care(medical care)

Elderly care

User

Retail

Service

Manufacturing/processing

State/municipalities

User

State/municipalities (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, etc.)

Health insurancesociety

Telecomcarrier

Fitness club Private insurance company

Hospital

Pharmaceuticalcompany

Pharmacy

Elderly care agency

Material/apparel maker

Health food maker

Equipment maker

Medical Transportation/Automotive

Energy Agriculture/Fishery

Disaster prevention security

Manufacturing/Distribution

Publicinfrastructure

10 million or more

1 to 10 million

Less than 1 million

Number of high blood pressure

patients

Number of Cancer insurance

policy holders

Number of asthma patients

Number of beds

Number of commercialvehicles owned

Number of ETC tollgates

Number of electric power meters

Number of home PV systems

Number of agricultural machines

Number of farming

households

Number of protected

horticulture framers

Number of disaster radio

stations Factories

Machine tools

Number of beverage vending

machines

Bridges

Traffic signals

Tunnels

Number of passenger vehicles ownedCosmetics

Explosive expansion of demands


IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing IoT Business

NEC Technical Journal／Vol.10 No.1／Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life 69

1.3 Creating Business Models in the IoT Era

To create new social values utilizing IoT and at the same time to create business models to achieve those values, it is important that the hypothetical verification of provided values be carried out in cooperation with clients from the conceptual stage - not simply by proceeding with development by strictly observing the required quality, cost, and delivery time based on the specifications provided by the customers, as is the case in the conventional system integration business. This is because the customers themselves often don’t have a clear pic-ture of what their final services and systems will be and don’t know what devices to use.

For this reason, it is important that the hypothetical verifica-tion cycle be put into operation at an early stage in cooperation with customers and partner companies through validation trials, while proposals for customer values are actively made on a hypothetical basis. In other words, it is important that the ap-proach be shifted to the co-creation of business models (Fig. 6).

At NEC, the cycle of co-creation of values through hy-pothetical verification has been transformed into a service execution platform ranging from devices to clouds - enabling development of efficient IoT systems.

2. IoTCloudPlatform

The requirements for a cloud platform to promote creation of new businesses through co-creation of value utilizing IoT include: connection to diverse devices, handling of large vol-umes of data, and flexible combination of application by loose coupling. At NEC, we achieve these requirements by imple-

Fig. 6 Value creation cycle in the IoT era.

Fig. 7 Cloud platform for IoT.

menting our original design to build a cloud platform that uti-lizes Open Source Software (OSS), which is always evolving to meet market needs (Fig. 7).

2.1 Connection to Various Devices

Data formats, interfaces, and data processing systems differ depending on the sensor and device. In a cloud platform, net-working between various devices is made easier and standard-ization of subsequent processing is achieved by incorporating a mechanism to receive and convert data in real time (Fig. 8).

Specifically, the cloud platform is provided with a reception interface that uses MQTT and HTTP as its main protocols. Utilizing these protocols, the sensor and device can transmit the data. The data itself is sometimes stored in a different place before being collected on the cloud platform. In this case, the

CONNEXIVE for Industrial IoT (IoT Platform)

Built-in integration

Sensor

Imageprocessing

Voiceprocessing

Controller

NFC

Various data formatsR

emote m

aintenance

Maintenancepersonnel

Various data processing:Real-time type/event type/batch type

High-speed general-purpose

transmission/reception

Chronological data(structural/nonstructural)

Monitoring Typicalanalysis

Real-time databaseReal-time analysis

processing

Users

WebAPI

developer

Customersʼ products

Strengthening of IoT platform capable of easily connecting tocustomersʼ products and continuously expanding various services

High-speed general-purpose

transmission/reception

Collaboration with other systems

NEC

Co-creation of themes

Co-Creation

Customers

Energy

Medical care

Cars, traffic

Factories & machines

Physical distribution

AdministrationAdministration& public services

Crimeprevention & security

Agriculture

Examples ofinterdisciplinary

businessesSmart city

Health care

Next generationNext-generationmonozukuri*

The 6th industryThe 6th industry

Stores, offices,infrastructures, housing,

etc.

Prevention,health promotion, new services, etc.

International competitivenessenhancement, energy saving,efficiency improvement, etc.

Integration of production, processing and

distribution of foods

VisualizationVisualizationDigitalization of

the real world

Signs andpredictions

Analyses & inferences

FeedbackControl & Guidance

Creation of business models

Value creation cycle in the IoT age

Utilizationof big data

Business type

and operations expertise

connectivity

Safe and reliable

connectivity

Advanced sensingNew value creation

through demonstrations, trials, etc.

Optimum packagingarchitecture

Cloud

Net

work

EdgeD

eviceN

etw

ork

Centralizedmanagement

type

Real-timetype

Changes in m

arkets such as efforts towards new

value creation and the inter-industry trend

of utilization

Business type

and operations expertise

Technologies and methods




collection of large volumes of data can be executed at higher speed by incorporating an agent that utilizes high-speed par-allel transfer technology. The internal process that operates after the data has been gathered is independent of the receiving protocol. This makes it possible to perform the same data pro-cessing no matter what the form of reception.

2.2 Bundling of Large-volume Data

While challenging the value creation approach, the types of connected sensors and devices and the volume of collected data is steadily increasing. This makes scalability an essential feature of a cloud platform, enabling it to be expanded or mod-ified as required.

The cloud platform achieves parallel distributed processing by utilizing message queues for the distribution of data recep-tion and processing. Data is processed using parallel distributed processing, which performs functional implementation in three steps: processing single received data, processing combination of received data and other data, and processing accumulated chronological data after a certain period of time. Data is stored and maintained using NoSQL - which makes it easier to use non-structural data like a document-type database. Since a data store compatible with the application is required for the data lay-er, unstructured data is first stored in NoSQL and then switched to the data store after data processing as needed (Fig. 9).

This structure helps significantly reduce the design pro-cesses required for data storage and achieves an environment which makes it possible to concentrate on the extraction of meaning from the data.

Fig. 8 High-speed general-purpose transmission/reception function.

Fig. 9 Flow of data processing treatment (non-structural to structural).

Fig. 10 Data distribution pattern (“pull” type/“push” type).

2.3 Flexible Combination of Applications Based on Loose Coupling

Once value has been confirmed through actual verification on a hypothetical basis, applications that match the respective phases will be necessary. The required applications change as follows: an analysis tool to extract the value from the collect-ed data for the initial phase; an application to use the data in a standardized form for the business validation phase; and a system to facilitate collaboration between the data and various players in the business expansion phase.

The cloud platform incorporates a mechanism that allows it to efficiently provide the required combination of applica-tions as required. Applications are becoming more and more multi-layered as they are installed smart devices and multiple cloud systems. It is expected that function-specific clouds such as data accumulation, data analysis, and customer contact will emerge in the future and they will help complete the multi-cloud environment where data-centered collaboration will be achieved.

When the cycle of visualization of scenarios, prediction of the future, and feedback of new actions is automated under this environment, the primary data distribution method will not be the “pull” type, in which the application in use extracts data periodically; rather, it will be the “push” type, in which the data is sent to the required application at the required time. Using the “push” type method ensures that the required data will be made available when required, accelerating the data utilization cycle and optimizing the timing.

Let’s take a smart device application as an example. The data required for the application is obtained by using the “pull” type API, and the user is able to use it. On the other hand, a notification enables the user to be aware of data reception at the right time, so if that’s the case, the “push” type data distri-bution is more suitable.

NEC thinks that it is important to use both communication systems where appropriate. That’s why we provide a cloud en-vironment that makes it possible to select the “pull” or “push” type from an application (Fig. 10).

Dat

aR

outin

g

Parallel distributedprocessing



NoSQL(non-structural data)

Utilization of applications

RDBMS(structural data)

RDBMS after data processing as needed.After data conversion parallel processing, data is first saved in NoSQL and then stored in

Data transmission/reception between sensor and machine

Sensor

Machine

Smart Device

Mes

sage

Que

ue

Function C

Function B

Function A

Prot

ocol

Ado

pter

Push Model

Requester Requester Requester

Broker

Provider

Data distribution pattern

Data generation

Data acquisition

Pull Model

Requester

Broker

Provider Provider Provider

Data generation

Data distribution/notification




Fig. 11 Device trends in the IoT era.

Fig. 12 NEC’s IoT device stack configuration.

Fig. 13 NEC’s IoT devices and how they facilitate cooperation with partners.

3. IoTDeviceConfiguration

When looking at a market as new as IoT, NEC believes that there will be many cases where intermediate devices will be re-placed with smartphones and tablets in line with current trends in ICT technology. To complement these changes, an architec-ture is required that concentrates numerous core technologies and processes on the cloud side or sensor/device side (Fig. 11).

3.1 Stack Configurations of IoT Devices

In order to create this architecture, we conducted R&D using algorithms - as differentiation technology - to process the data obtained from a sensor, as well as to control software that drives the sensor. We concentrated on the development of a sensor node provided with an appropriate microcomputer, communication function, and sensor and defined it as a wire-less (public wireless, Wi-Fi, and BLE) sensor node (Fig. 12).

Wireless sensor nodes like this are equipped with an agent to connect to the cloud side and a security function to safely send various sensor data to the cloud. As for the microcomput-er, the ARM microcomputer frequently used in the embedding market is used for low cost nodes and small data types. A high-er-performance microcomputer is used for large-size data such

as images. This allows the system to efficiently handle a wide variety of data.

3.2 Building Relationships with Partners

In the solution set of the IoT devices and clouds, cooper-ation with partners in various core technologies will make it possible to utilize IoT in an even wider range of markets. For this reason, all the system stacks including the clouds are mod-ularized to facilitate cooperation with the partners. This makes it possible to build and offer solid system solutions tailored to market needs (Fig. 13).

To facilitate cooperation with partners, NEC provides vari-ous interfaces and is conducting R&D while advocating stan-dardization for the future.

3.3 IoT Device Technology

Now let’s take a look at the technology incorporated in the wireless sensor node. In addition to wireless capability, various sensors of a minimally required level (for acceleration, LED, temperature, and humidity) are incorporated. These sensors are integrated on a 20-mm square circuit board. This module configuration made it possible to accurately adapt to various devices required for the IoT market as well as to the “humans,” and “things” that those devices will be incorporated in or and mounted on (Fig. 14 and Fig. 15).

Moreover, due to the flexible implementation technology derived from the R&D conducted at the NEC Monozukuri Innovation Division, NEC’s IoT devices can now be easily incorporated and mounted not only on devices and things that have plane surfaces but also on humans and things that have curved surfaces. In addition to the conventionally applicable wrist band and watch type devices, our IoT devices now can be incorporated and mounted on clothes as well as in various containers and cases. Now an IoT truly is possible.

SI

Services for Customer

Global Career Services

LSIHW

firmware

Battery/power supply etc.

Sensor algorithm

Cloud Connection Agent

BLE

se

nsor

no

de

3G s

enso

r nod

e

OS

middleware

Sensor algorithm

Sensor algorithm Sensor algorithm

Wi-F

i sen

sor n

ode

Cloud Platform

version using ARM microprocessor and High-functional version

for heavy sensor data such as Images etc.

NEC’sstrength

NEC’sstrength

Series for Low-cost

High-functional version Middleware(+security)

LSIHW

ConventionalIT

Conversioninto M2M

Conversion into IoT

DataBridge

Image processingData analysis

compression

Multi-sensorBandwidth compression Notification judgement

Informationprocessing

Equipmentsystem

Machinery/human/thing/environment

to sell) in business-wise

Dramaticallyexpanding

targets

Due to IoT, the technology that applies to functional structure and architecture is changing, as are the marketing targets (where to sell) and services (how

SI

Connection agent

network

ARM-PFEmbedded OS

middleware

NEC ’core technologies

Connection agent

Services

BLE sensor

Sensornode

Big data analysis

NEC supplies

SI

Connection agent

frameworkAgent

Secure stack

Services

BLE sensor

Sensor node

ARM-PF

Big data analysis

SI

Connection agent

frameworkAgent

Secure stack

Services

BLE sensor

CPU

Big data analysis

Sensor node

SI

Connection agent

framework

Secure stack

Services

BLE sensor

Sensor node

ARM-PF

Big data analysis

Company A

Connection agent

network network network

technologies and systematization technologies.

Company B Company C

Cooperation with various partners is possible with using NEC’s core




Another characteristic of the IoT market is that the potential fields of application are virtually unlimited. This is due to the fact that sensors are not only being incorporated in people and things, but also are being applied in an ever expanding range of industries. For this reason, a sensor section that can be adapted to the needs of different industries has been built into

Authors’ ProfilesYAMABE TomokiAssistant ManagerEmbedded Business Sales Division

KITAGAWA TaiheiManagerGlobal Products and Services Development Division

TANAKA KazuyoshiExecutive Technology SpecialistGlobal Products and Services Development Division

Fig. 14 Features of NEC’s IoT device technology.

Fig. 15 Advantages of NEC’s IoT devices.

Fig. 16 NEC IoT device’s expandability for various industries.

the IoT device since the initial stage of its design (Fig. 16).Through extensive study of the various social solutions that

would need IoT, the sensors and sensor environments that would be required have been sorted out. To enable these to be incorporated while ensuring both high efficiency and expand-ability, the design has been divided into a common main board and user section for addition of custom sensors. In actual cases, it is very unlikely that all the mountable sensors will be mounted at the same time. The mounting formats as well as the interfaces that would allow various sensors to be mounted in combination were all defined when the circuit board was de-signed. This has made it possible to configure IoT devices that are compatible with a wide range of applications.

4. Conclusion

NEC is committed to promoting the growth of IoT by pro-viding its customers with end-to-end systems compatible with the differing requirements of various markets, while continu-ing to conduct R&D aimed at expanding the IoT and the IoT market in the years to come.

* ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited (or its subsidiaries) in the EU

and other countries.

* Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance.

New value creation by connecting all data pertaining to things(including non-computerized) and people

Watchtype

Weartype

Case

CloudBig data analysis

Gateway, smartphone etc.

BLE Communication

Healthcare Supervision Sports Maintenance

Appliedfor

Chassis

Excellent fitting capability on curved surface that enables mounting on objects with various shapesFlexible enough to apply to human body

Compact & Flexible chassisSensorCommunication(BLE etc.)

Battery

Technologies gained through development of mobile phones and smartphones

Sensor nodeAccelerationHeartrateTemperatureHumidity

Control Firmware

Machines

20m

m

< 20mm

Sensor extension board (soldering bump connection)

Flexibleboard

Battery(Radical Battery

etc.)

Pattern Antenna

BLE Microcontroller

sensor

Healthcare: heartrate sensorPhysical distribution: GPS, luminous intensity, geomagnetism, etc.

Compact sensor node module with built-in algorithm, compact safe radical battery and NEC’s patented pattern antenna

Sensor engine: built-in sensing algorithm

Battery/Power supply: compact, thin & safety

ExistingSmart devices &Gateway Sensor

Industry-specific sensorsectionNEC’s patented

pattern antenna(using circuit board)

1chip BLE

BT/BLEMicrocontroller

Photosensor

Imagesensor

Image compression/processing

ADsensorboard

Vibrationsensor

Pyro-electricsensor

Flow sensor

CO2

sensor

Transportation(in-vehicle)

ThermalAccele-ration

Physical distribution

Energy managementManufacturing

Trans-potation

PublicInfra-structure

Common Board

CT sensor

ManufacturingHealthcare

The NEC IoT device is now compatible with the sensors required for various social solutions using industry-specific sensor section.

Manufacturing




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Vol.10 No.1 Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life - Value Chain Innovation Linking “MAKE,” “CARRY” and “SELL” -

Remarks for Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life

NEC’s Approach to Value Chain Innovation

- Safer, More Secure and More Comfortable Living Through Value Chain Innovation -

Value chain innovation: “MAKE”

Making the Manufacturing Industry More Responsive – NEC Manufacturing Co-creation Program

NEC Industrial IoT - Building the Foundation for Next-Generation Monozukuri

Industrie 4.0 and the Latest Trends in Monozukuri Innovation in the Auto Industry

Value chain innovation: “CARRY”

Logistics Visualization Cloud Services in Asian Developing Countries

Value chain innovation: “SELL”

ICT and the Future of the Retail Industry - Consumer-Centric Retailing

An Advanced Electronic Payment System to Support Enhanced Service Provision

NEC’s “NeoSarf/DM” E-Commerce Solution and the Omni-Channel Era

NEC Smart Hospitality Solutions - Deploying OMOTENASHI or the Unique Japanese Way of Entertaining Guests


Transit System Smart Card Solutions and Future Prospects

NEC’s Commitment to Smart Mobility

EV Charging Infrastructure System That Facilitates Commercialization of EV Charging


NEC’s advanced ICT/SI for the enterprise domain

NEC’s Approach to Big Data

Demand Forecasting Solution Contributing to Components Inventory Repair Optimization

Predictive Analytics Solution for Fresh Food Demand Using Heterogeneous Mixture Learning Technology

Global Deployment of a Plant Failure Sign Detection Service

Application of Big Data Technology in Support of Food Manufacturers’ Commodity Demand Forecasting

Contributing to Business Efficiency with Multi-cloud Utilization and Migration Technology

Integrated Group Network Using SDN Case Study: Toyo Seikan Group Holdings

Meeting the Challenge of Targeted Threats

Security Assessment Ensuring “Secure Practice” Against Escalating Cyberattacks

Control System Security Anticipating the Coming Age of IoT

NEC’s Approach to VCA Solutions Using Image Identification/Recognition Technology

Quick-Delivery, Low-Cost Web Development Architecture born from Field SE

Embedded System Solutions for Creating New Social Values in the Age of IoT

NEC’s Advanced Methodologies for SAP Projects

Vol.10 No.1December, 2015

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IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing