Ions

IonsIonsatoms of a given element that

differ in the number of electrons,

…and consequently in overall charge.

Ionsperiodic patterns regarding ions

Ionsmetal ions vs. nonmetal ions

Working with Atomic Notation

A

ZX #

Chemical Symbol

Ionic Chargeor

“Oxidation Number”

Working with Atomic Notation

35

17 Cl-1

Working with Ionic Notation

Cl -1

Working with Atomic Notation

2311 Na +1

Working with Ionic Notation

Na +1

Ions

• Anion– Negatively charged ion.

• Cation– Positively charged ion.

6

CCCarbon

12.011

# of p+

# of no

# of e-

# of p+

# of no

# of e-

neutral Carbon ionic Carbon

# of p+

# of no

# of e-

# of p+

# of no

# of e-

neutral Lithium ionic Lithium3

LiLiLithium

6.941

# of p+

# of no

# of e-

# of p+

# of no

# of e-

ChlorineChlorine…the neutral atom ChlorineChlorine…the ion

17

ClClChlorine

34.453

11

NaNaSodium

22.990

# of p+

# of no

# of e-

# of p+

# of no

# of e-

SodiumSodium…the neutral atom SodiumSodium…the ion

Octet Rule

• The octet rule says that atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have eight electrons in their outer electron shell.

Transition Metal IonsTransition Metal IonsTransition Metal Ions are different than other metal ions.

1) There are no predictable patterns that can be used to determine their ionic charges

Yes, they are all positive but…

2) A good number of transition metal elements possess an ability to have more than one positive ion.

1) There are no predictable patterns that can be used to determine their ionic charges

1) There are no predictable patterns that can be used to determine their ionic charges

Fe +2Mn +7 Co +2

1) There are no predictable patterns that can be used to determine their ionic charges

Ag +1 Cu +2

2) A good number of transition metal elements possess an ability to have more than one positive ion.

Fe +3Fe +2

2) A good number of transition metal elements possess an ability to have more than one positive ion.

Al +3

2) A good number of transition metal elements possess an ability to have more than one positive ion.

Mn +3Mn+2 Mn +4 Mn +5

Mn +7

Working with Ions (practice)

atomic (ionic)

notation# of p+ # of e- # of no

Ca o

Ca +2

N o

N -3

Working with more Ions (practice)

name

atomic

(ionic)

notation

# of p+ # of e- # of no

the ion of magnesium

the ion of oxygen

the ion of fluorine

the ion of lithium

Review problemDraw the following ions and (neutral) atoms using the Octet Rule/Model of the atom. (Valence Shell Only)

a) Ne o

b) Mg +2

c) Na +1

d) N -3

Working with Ions (more practice)

atomic (ionic)

notation# of p+ # of e- # of no

K o

K +1

I o

I -1

Naming IonsNaming IonsPredictable Metal Ions, Unpredictable

Transition Metal Ions, and Nonmetal Ionsare named differently

Naming IonsNaming IonsNaming Ions

Nonmetal Ions Metal Ions

Non Transition Metal Ions Transition Metal Ions

metal ions vs. nonmetal ionsNaming IonsNaming Ions

keep the atoms elemental name …add the word ion

keep the atoms elemental root …drop the ending…add the suffix –ide. (using the word ion is redundant and not acceptable when naming nonmetal ions)

TheStock System

Naming Naming Transition MetalTransition Metal Ions Ions

-Use the complete elemental name (as expected).

-Use roman numerals to designate the ionic charge or oxidation number of the transition metal ion. -Use the word ion to designate its ionic nature.

Transition Metal IonsTransition Metal Ions

Cu +2 ____________

Mn +5 ____________

Mn +7 ____________

Fe +2 ____________

Fe +3 ____________

Cu +1 ____________

Naming ReviewNaming Review

Mg +2 ____________

Ni +2 ____________

Li +1 ____________

He _____________

F -1 _____________

O -2 _____________