Upload
ashlynn-hilary-wright
View
216
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Sponges (Phylum Porifera) Body is made of pores that water enters
through. Has a large opening where water leaves. Sponges are sessile (cannot move) The lining of the internal cavity is made of collar cells that act as sieves to trap plankton and other food
Sponges (Phylum Porifera) Sponges have a skeleton made of spicules. A spicule is made of silica or calcium carbonate. Can reproduce both sexually or asexually. Asexual – pieces of sponges can regenerate Sexual – (most are hermaphrodites) Sperm cells
from one sponge enter another through pores.
Cnidarians
Body forms:1. Medusa – free-floating, and umbrella-shaped2. Polyp – tube like and attached to something There are tentacles around the opening of the
gastrovascular cavity. They have stinging cells with a barbed harpoon
used for defense and to spear their prey
Cnidarians Examples:1. Hydras2. Jellyfish – sting prey with tentacles (some
have toxins)3. Sea anemones – polyp form, feed on fish,
reproduce asexually4. Corals – live in reefs, tough skeleton of
calcium carbonate
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Can be parasitic Include:1. Marine flatworms2. Tapeworms – parasitic, attach to host’s intestines.
Grow producing proglottids (rectangular body sections)
3. Parasitic flukes – have suckers to attach to host
Phylum Nematoda (Roundwoms) Have a body cavity called pseudocoelom (fluid
moved within this cavity) One way digestive system Some are parasites you find in dogs, others
are free living hunters Human parasites include:1. Ascaris lumbricoides2. Trichinella spiralis3. Necator
Phylum Molluska Includes:1. Snails2. Slugs3. Oysters4. Clams5. Scallops6. Octopuses7. Squids Found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial
habitats
Phylum Molluska Characteristics:1. Bilateral symmetry2. Foot – used for movement Mantle – forms the outer layer of
the body3. Most have one or two shells4. Radula – tongue-like organ
found in the mouth
Phylum Molluska Most species have male and female
individuals. Some, though, are hermaphrodites (some
species of slugs and snails) Oysters and sea slugs can change from one
sex to the other and back again
Phylum Molluska Gastropods1. Snails and sea slugs2. Most have a single shell and a pair of
tentacles on their head with eyes at the tip3. Can secrete mucus from their foot to glide
along4. Can be herbivores or predators
Phylum Molluska Bivalves1. Most marine, some freshwater2. Clams, oysters, scallops, mussels3. Two-part hinged shell4. Some use jet propulsion to move quickly5. Most are filter feeders
Phylum Molluska Cephalopods1. Squid, octopuses, cuttlefish and nautiluses2. Body is made of a large head attached to
tentacles3. Tentacles have suction cups or hooks to
catch prey4. Most intelligent invertebrate5. Some have color vision6. Move via jet propulsion7. Marine predators, feeding on fish, mollusks,
crustaceans and worms
Phylum Annelida (Segmented worms) Marine worms, earthworms, leaches Have a primitive brain in an anterior
segement Have specialized organ systems Bristles called setae on each segment
Phylum Arthropoda Named after their jointed appendages. Includes: insects, spiders, scorpions,
crustaceans Segmented Exoskeleton (the crunch you hear when you
squish them)
Phylum Arthropoda
Arachnids1. Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites2. Most are carnivores, inject their prey with
enzymes to dissolve tissue
Phylum Arthropoda Insects1. Ants, mosquitoes, flies, bees, crickets2. Largest group of organisms3. Head, thorax, abdomen
Phylum Arthropoda Crustaceans1. Crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, barnacles,
water fleas and pill bugs2. Major food source for humans3. Barnacles are sessile as adults and they
have hard plates used for protection. They are also hermaphrodites but typically don’t fertilize their own eggs
Phylum Echinodermata Spiny invertebrates that live on the ocean
floor Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea
cucumbers Endoskeleton make of calcium Radial symmetry Water-vascular system – tubes filled with
water connected to hallow tube feet
Phylum Echinodermata Sea stars – carnivores Brittle stars – thin, branched arms for
movement Sea lilies and feather stars – very old, mouth
located on the upper surface
Phylum Echinodermata Sea urchins and Sand dollars – spines for
protection, sometimes venom Sea cucumbers – soft, no arms. Some are
hermaphrodites. They trap food in the water with tentacles
Sea daisies – no arms
Invertebrate Chordate Skeleton is completely internal. A rod called the notochord develops along the
back of the embryo Pharyngeal pouches – later develop into gills
in aquatic animals