Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: sponges (Porifera)museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum... · Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: sponges (Porifera) Jane

Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: sponges (Porifera)

Jane Fromont1* and Alison Sampey1

1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia, 6986

*Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT – A data compilation of Kimberley sponge species housed in four Australian natural science collection institutions was undertaken by the Western Australian Museum. Just under 40% of the collected data were excluded from the synthesis described here due to insufficient species identifications, however 342 species of sponges are documented. This dataset provides baseline information for future sponge investigations in the region. The majority of the known species were widespread Indo-Pacific with a number of Australian endemics. Collection effort was biased to offshore locations. Comprehensive surveys of inshore marine habitats will provide a greater understanding of sponge diversity and abundance throughout the entire region.

KEYWORDS: natural history collections, species inventory, Kimberley Marine Bioregion, biodiversity, NW Australia, baseline

069–100 (2014) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.84.2014.069-10084RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM

SUPPLEMENT

INTRODUCTION

The importance of utilising natural science col lec t ion dat ase t s to prov ide basel i ne biodiversity information to inform conservation and environmental management decisions is increasingly being recognised (Pyke and Ehrlich 2010; Costello et al. 2013). Biodiversity research into the Kimberley region of Australia is of immense value as it is an area with high conservation values and with new and proposed marine parks. There are proposed developments associated with oil and gas reserves, fishing and aquaculture activities, and tourism (Department of Environment and Conservation 2009). The importance of compiling existing data to provide a baseline to assist with characterisation of the assets and values of this region was recognised by Wood and Mills (2008).

The Western Australian Museum (WAM) and other Australian natural science institutions have undertaken marine biodiversity fieldwork in the Kimberley Project Area (see Methods), which has resulted in specimen collections, but much of the data and their interpretation are either unpublished or published in specialist taxonomic literature, and thus not readily accessible to researchers and managers. To address this information gap WAM instigated an extensive data compilation of the

species known from the Kimberley Project Area. Here, we document what is currently known about sponge diversity in the Project Area.

Sponges are important as habitat formers, providing protection and food sources for other marine organisms in all oceans of the world. They have a wide range of biological associations with other organisms from microbes to vertebrates (Bell et al. 2013). They perform a variety of functional roles such as facilitating primary production, eroding carbonate reefs and filtering vast volumes of seawater (Bell 2008; Bell et al. 2013). There is increasing evidence that they are critical in nutrient cycles that occur in the oceans, for example in cycling dissolved organic matter in coral reefs (de Goeij et al. 2013), and nitrogen cycling in oligotrophic reefs (Keesing et al. 2013). A recent analysis of bioactivity in Australian marine fauna demonstrated that sponges were the most consistently bioactive phylum across all bioregions examined (Evans-Illidge et al. 2013). In recent times sponges have been recognised as a critical component of the marine benthos, but in many areas their species richness and abundance is largely unknown.

The collecting of sponges in the Kimberley Project Area is very recent, from the 1980s

70 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

onwards, with no major historical surveys to the region focussing on this group. Three sponge studies in the Kimberley have been published: Hooper (1994), Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) and Keesing et al. (2011) (Table 1). The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) Bioactivity Unit collected marine invertebrates throughout Western Australia, including sponges in the Project Area, and results were documented in an unpublished report (McCauley et al. 1993). These collections were made in 1991 between Broome and Cape Rulhieres in inshore subtidal habitats by SCUBA and intertidal collecting. They are now held in the Queensland Museum, and sponges with adequate species determinations have been included in this paper. Keesing et al. (2011) reported on the sponges collected from inshore subtidal habitats in Gourdon Bay and the Dampier Peninsula, with specimens collected utilising an epibenthic dredge in depths between 11–23 m. Along with the AIMS collection and a small diving expedition by WAM to Beagle Bay (Bryce et al. 1997), these are the major expeditions to focus on sponges in the inshore Kimberley. Other inshore sponge records in this paper are anecdotal, generally one-off collections, not undertaken by sponge experts. Hooper (1994) and Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) focussed on offshore locations, the first study at Ashmore, Cartier and Hibernia Reefs and the second at Mermaid, Scott and Seringapatam Reefs. The first expedition targeted shallow subtidal habitats on SCUBA, and the second both subtidal habitats on SCUBA and intertidal collecting. These are the only studies to date to document the sponges of the offshore reefs and atolls of the North West Shelf of WA.

The aim of this project was to collate the records of shallow water (<30 m) sponge species in the Kimberley Project Area, which are verified by specimens lodged in Australian museum collections (1880s–2009), and to comment on spatial distributions and collection gaps of this faunal group in the region.

METHODS

STUDY AREA AND COLLECTION SCOPE

The Kimberley Project Area is defined by the coordinates 19.00°S 121.57°E; 19.00°S 118.25°E; 12.00°S 129.00°E; 12.00°S 121.00°E. It encompasses the coast, which forms a natural inshore boundary, from south of Broome to the WA/NT border extending beyond the 1000 m bathymetric contour to include the shelf edge atolls (Figure 1). We included all classes of sponges: Hexactinellida, Calcarea, Homoscleromorpha and Demospongiae.

The methodology follows that outlined by Sampey et al. (2014). Sponge data for the region were sourced from the collection databases of WAM, Queensland Museum (QM), Australian Museum (AM) and Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT), and species lists from three publications: Hooper (1994), Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) and Keesing et al. (2011).

Species names were checked using the online databases: World Porifera Database (Van Soest et al. 2014), the Australian Faunal Directory (ABRS 2014) and the Zoological Catalogue (Hooper and Wiedenmayer 1994) to identify the

Survey Year No. Locations No. Stations No. Species No. Families Reference

Offshore

1981, 1986, 1987, 1992 3 32 138 38 Hooper (1994)

2006 4 45 132 31 Fromont and Vanderklift (2009)

Inshore

1991 11 15 19* 11 McCauley et al. (1993)

1997 1 2 28 13 Bryce et al. (1997)

2008 5 15 52 18 Keesing et al. (2011)

TABLE 1 Number of locations, stations, species and families of sponges (Porifera) sampled during expeditions in the Project Area, with data in reports or publications. NB: Only stations that included sponges were counted. *recorded to species or OTU.

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 71

currently accepted taxonomic name and determine biogeographic distributions.

Many of the sponges from the Project Area have only been assigned to an Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU), or morphospecies concept, and have not been examined within the Linnaean system to determine if they are new species or have been previously described in historic taxonomic literature. OTUs are used for a number of reasons outlined in Sampey et al. (2014). In the case of sponge identifications within the Project Area they indicated one or more of the following:

• the identification was preliminary with no time to study the historic literature;

• the morphological characters differed from the published descriptions;

• the species was outside its known geographic range; and

• the taxonomic group requires substantial revision.

As the Project Area sponges have been examined by sponge experts it was assumed each OTU was consistent and represented a single species, although OTUs have not been checked between institutions for duplication. Total number of sponge species was determined using all named, cf. and OTU species. For biogeographic analyses only sponges with full species names were used.

SPATIAL INFORMATION, COLLECTION DETAILS AND MAPPING

Data from all sources were collated into a single database and location, and collection details were checked and verified. Full details of this methodology are outlined in Sampey et al. (2014) along with the list of locations, latitude and longitude where collections occurred in the Kimberley Project Area.

Maps of species richness and sampling effort were generated for each main location. Since species richness patterns are highly dependent on sampling effort, we calculated the number of collecting events at a location to provide an indication of relative sampling effort. A collecting event was defined by the season and year of collecting (Sampey et al. 2014).

BIOGEOGRAPHIC CODING

Spe c ie s were coded for t he i r k now n biogeographic range following the relevant categories in Spalding et al. (2007). We coded for the following five realms:

• Temperate South Africa (TSA). Found from Benguela in the west, south and east to Agulhas Bank-Natal, including Amsterdam and St. Paul in the temperate Indian Ocean.

• Western Indo-Pacific (WIP). Found throughout the Red Sea and the East African coast, Western and Central Indian Ocean.

• Eastern Indo-Pacific (EIP). Found throughout Hawaii, eastern Pacific Islands, Central and Southeast Polynesia.

• Temperate Australasia (TA). Found throughout New Zealand and temperate Australia from Shark Bay on the west coast south and east to Tweed Heads-Moreton Bay.

• Central Indo-Pacific (CIP). Here coded as the region encompassing the South China Sea, Sunda Shelf, the tropical northwestern and southwestern Pacific and coral triangle.

We separately coded for the following three provinces within this fifth realm:

• Sahul Shelf (SS). Includes the Gulf of Papua, the Arafura Sea, Arnhem coast to Gulf of Carpentaria and Bonaparte Gulf.

• Northeast Australian Shelf (NES). Torres Strait and Great Barrier Reef.

• Northwest Australian Shelf (NWS). Broome to Ningaloo.

Within its distribution range a species may be restricted to certain habitats, however sponges are predominantly found on hard subtidal substrates, with a few adapted to soft sediments and/or intertidal habitats. The species in this study were not coded for habitat as there are limited habitat data for sponges in the area and most of the collecting was by SCUBA or intertidal surveys of hard substrates, with little to no focus on soft sediments.

RESULTS

NUMBER OF SPECIMENS IN COLLECTIONS

A total of 1,071 ‘specimen lots’ of sponges were in the combined collection databases, of these 665 were retained in the Project Area dataset as they were identified to species, cf. or OTU (Table 2). A ‘specimen lot’ represents one to many individuals of the same species from the same site with a unique museum registration number. QM and WAM had the highest numbers of specimen lots, followed closely by MAGNT. A high number of lots were excluded from the present dataset (406, 38%) due to insufficient species identification (Table 2).


The oldest records in the databases for Kimberley sponges were housed in the WAM, MAGNT and QM collections and were represented by two species Clathria lendenfeldi and Axinyssa sp. collected from Broome in 1961.

SPECIES RICHNESS AND COLLECTING EFFORT

A total of 343 species were recorded in the dataset. There were no glass sponges (Hexactinellida), but six species of Calcarea and seven species of Homoscleromorpha were recorded, with the remaining 330 species all Demospongiae. All major orders of sponges were represented in this synthesis. The most species rich orders, listed here from most to least species, were the Haplosclerida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida, Dictyoceratida, Hadromerida and Spirophorida (Table 3).

Thirty three of the species were identified as cf. taxa (i.e. to a known Linnaean species concept), and 205 to OTU-level taxa (Appendix 1a), with the remaining 105 recognised as known species. Twenty four of the known species were recorded from Kimberley inshore localities, the majority (65) from the offshore continental edge atolls with the remaining 16 species found in both areas (Appendix 1b). No sponges have been collected

from Browse Island or the midshelf shoals. The high species richness recorded for the offshore atolls is related to higher sampling effort in these locations (Tables 1 and 4). We summarised the number of offshore versus inshore locations and stations for five major studies conducted in the Project Area (Table 1). We found that while seven offshore locations had been sampled compared to 17 inshore, 77 offshore stations were sampled compared to less than half that number (32) inshore.

Overall we found sponges were recorded from 33 locations in the Project Area, seven offshore and 26 inshore localities (Table 4, Figures 1–3). Species richness varied considerably from 101 (at Scott Reef) to one (at eight inshore locations; Table 4, Figure 2). This is clearly related to sampling effort, which was highly variable, with four collecting events at Broome and only one collecting event at 29 locations (Table 4, Figure 3). Sponge species richness was higher at the seven offshore sites than at the inshore locations. For eight of the Kimberley inshore sites there was only a single species of sponge recorded from a single collecting event. No collecting has occurred at Browse Island (midshelf), or Imperieuse Reef (continental slope), nor has the eastern Kimberley been adequately sampled (Figure 1).

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Clerke Reef

Ashmore Reef

Mermaid Reef

Browse Island

Hibernia Reef

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Imperieuse Reef

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DERBYBROOME

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KIMBERLEY

0 50 100 150 200

kilometres

Porifera

FIGURE 1 Locations of records of sponge species in the Project Area.The Proect Area boundary is marked in grey. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.


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Clerke Reef

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KIMBERLEY

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!( 31 - 40!( 51 - 100!( 101 - 500!( 500 +

Porifera

FIGURE 2 Species richness of sponges for each main location in the Project Area. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.

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Porifera

FIGURE 3 Number of collecting events for sponges at each main location for which there are collections. This was based on a count of the season code and provides an indication of sampling effort. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.


TABLE 2 Number of specimen lots of Project Area sponges housed in Australian collections. Included are those lots identified to species or OTU (able to be distinguished as a separate species) and excluded are those lots incompletely identified.

Collection Included Excluded Total

AM 2 9 11

QM 238 132 370

MAGNT 60 265 325

WAM 365 0 365

Total 665 406 1071

TABLE 3 Number of species in each class and order of sponges in the Project Area.

Class/Order No. of species

Calcarea 6

Homoscleromorpha 7

Demospongiae 330

Spirophorida 19

Astrophorida 15

Hadromerida 28

Chondrosida 3

Lithistids 4

Halichondrida 58

Poecilosclerida 55

Agelasida 2

Haplosclerida 84

Dictyoceratida 42

Dendroceratida 4

Verongida 16

Total 343

LocationSpecies Richness

Collecting Events

OffshoreScott Reef 101 2Cartier Island 75 1Mermaid Reef 59 1Ashmore Reef 53 3Hibernia Reef 44 1Seringapatam Reef 39 1Clerke Reef 15 1

InshoreQuondong Point 35 1Beagle Bay 33 3Packer Island 23 1Gourdon Bay 18 1Pender Bay 10 1Broome 7 4Eclipse Shoals 7 1Cape Latouche Treville 4 1Fenelon Island 4 1Grey Shoal 4 1Heritage Reef 4 1Tangier Shoals 3 1Lacepede Islands 2 1Lord Mayor Shoal 2 1Cockatoo Island 2 1Colbert Island 2 1Cone Bay 2 1Vansittart Bay 2 1Green Island 1 1Jamieson Reef 1 1King Sound 1 1Talboys Rock 1 1Cape Leveque 1 1Champagny Island 1 1George Water 1 1Gibbings Island 1 1

TABLE 4 Species richness and number of collecting events at each location in the Project Area.

BIOGEOGRAPHY

Of the 105 known species reported from the Kimberley two thirds were wide ranging Indo-Pacific species with 68 (65%) in this category, and 31 species (30%) Australian endemics (Table 5). Forty six (71%) of the offshore species were widespread Indo-Pacific species, almost half of the inshore species were widespread (11 species, 46%), and the majority of those found both inshore and

offshore (11 species, 69%) were widespread Indo-Pacific species (Table 5).

Endemic Australian species were proportionally highest at the inshore locations with 12 species (50%) reported, while 14 endemic species (22%) were reported offshore including six (43%) of those species considered to be temperate Australian. Five species (31%) that occurred in both locations were Australian endemics.


Biogeographic Code Inshore and offshore Inshore only Offshore only

WIDESPREAD

WIP 1 4

CIP 4

TSA/WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP/EIP 1

TA/WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 1 3

TA/WIP/NWS/SS/CIP/EIP 1

TA/WIP/NWS/NES/CIP/EIP 1

TA/WIP/NWS/SS/CIP 1 1

TA/WIP/NWS 2

TA/WIP 2

TA/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1

TA/NWS/NES/CIP 2

WIP/NWS 1

WIP/NWS/SS 1

WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 4 1 4

WIP/NWS/SS/CIP 1 1

WIP/NWS/NES/CIP 2 4

WIP/NWS/NES/CIP/EIP 1

WIP/NWS/CIP 4

WIP/NWS/CIP/EIP 1

WIP/NES/CIP 2

WIP/NES 1

NWS/NES/CIP 3

NWS/CIP 1 5

NWS/SS/CIP 1 2

NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 1

Widespread Total 11 11 46

AUSTRALIAN ENDEMIC

TA/NWS/SS/NES 2 2

TA/NWS/SS 1 3

TA/NWS 2 2

NWS/SS/NES 1 1

NWS/SS 1 3

NWS/NES 2 1

NES 1

NWS 2 1

TA 6

Endemic Total 5 12 14

OTHER

TSA 1

Other 1 4

Other Total 1 5

Grand Total 16 24 65

TABLE 5 Number of species with each biogeographic code. Codes are defined in the Methods.


DISCUSSION

Zoological collections are important tools for providing historical baseline biodiversity and ecological data, as well as contributing to determining biotic and human impacts on marine environments. The knowledge of the Western Australian tropical sponge fauna has increased markedly in recent years (Fromont 2003, 2004; Fromont et al. 2006; Fromont and Vanderklift 2009; Keesing et al. 2011; Schönberg and Fromont 2011), yet knowledge of the Kimberley sponge fauna has lagged behind other better studied tropical regions, such as the Pilbara and Ningaloo in WA. The specimen data collated in this study provides a historical baseline to assist current and future sponge biodiversity studies being conducted in the region.

The majority of the species collected in the Project Area were from offshore atolls, largely due to the work done by Hooper on Ashmore, Cartier and Hibernia Reefs (Hooper 1994), and by Fromont on Mermaid, Scott and Seringapatam Reefs (Fromont and Vanderklift 2009). Fewer species were reported from inshore locations due largely to sponges not being targeted for research until very recently (Bryce et al. 1997; Keesing et al. 2011). Midshelf habitats remain largely unexplored, and no sponges have been reported from these localities.

Species composition differed between offshore and onshore sites with 16 known species occurring in both areas, and the majority of the species being recorded at offshore localities. Many of the species found offshore are known coral reef species such as Pericharax heterorhapis, Rhabdastrella globostellata, Carteriospongia foliascens and Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti. These species are also likely to be found in the more turbid inshore reef systems as effort in these locations is increased.

The differences in species richness are largely the result of collecting effort, which was not comparable between inshore and offshore locations. Although more inshore locations had sponges collected from them (26 inshore versus seven offshore), more than twice as many stations were sampled offshore compared to inshore (see Table 1) resulting in lower species diversity reported inshore.

The 342 species collated here suggest a similar high diversity in the Project Area compared to other Indo-Pacific regions (see Schönberg and Fromont 2011). High sponge species diversity has been reported across tropical Australian waters: Carnarvon Basin, WA (261 species, Schönberg and Fromont 2011), Dampier Archipelago, WA (275 species, Fromont et al. 2006), Sunshine Coast, Qld (247 species, Hooper and Kennedy 2002), Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef (304 species, Hooper et al. 1999), Wessel Island, NT (315 species, Hooper et al. 2002) and Darwin and Coburg Peninsula, NT

(395 species, Hooper et al. 2002; and 283 species, Przeslawski et al. 2014). Sponge diversity in the Project Area is likely to increase substantially with inshore collecting.

To date, almost two thirds of the known, described sponge species reported from the Kimberley Project Area were widespread Indo-Pacific and almost one third Australian endemics. Six of the 14 endemic species reported offshore were temperate Australian endemics (see Table 5). This is unusual, and the species require further taxonomic study to determine if they are truly this widespread or whether they represent sibling species.

The large number of sponges assigned to cf. or OTU demonstrates the enormous task of documenting these species. Hooper et al. (2013) recognised the need to compile sponge OTUs into an online workspace (www.spongemaps.org) where sponge taxonomists can compare and standardise this interim nomenclature at a national to ocean basin scale (Hall 2013).

Comprehensive sampling of Project Area marine habitats for sponges has only been undertaken offshore. It is anticipated this synthesis will facilitate future surveys in the region, and that current survey work documenting species from inshore locations will assist with filling collection gaps. In the future it is hoped that a more complete picture of sponge distributions and abundances in the Kimberley region will be realised.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to John Hooper for collecting a significant proportion of the specimens contained in this dataset. Thanks to Stacey Osborne and Albert Miles for databasing the unregistered Kimberley material in WAM collections and for checking taxonomic and spatial information in this dataset. We are also grateful to Holly Winkle for checking the biogeographic coding of the species, and for the technical support provided by Oliver Gomez. Many thanks to Drs John Hooper, Christine Schönberg and Belinda Alvarez for their helpful comments on the manuscript.

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MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED 9 JUNE 2014; ACCEPTED 12 SEPTEMBER 2014


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tyon

elli

dae

Aca

nthe

lla c

aver

nosa

Den

dy, 1

922

11

1A

cant

hella

den

dyi (

Berg

quis

t, 19

70)

11

Aca

nthe

lla p

ulch

erri

ma

Rid

ley

& D

endy

, 188

61

1Ph

aket

tia eu

ctim

ena

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

1St

ylis

sa c

arte

ri (D

endy

, 188

9)1

11

11

1St

ylis

sa c

onul

osa

(Den

dy, 1

922)

11

Styl

issa

flab

ellif

orm

is (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)1

Styl

issa

mas

sa (C

arte

r, 18

87)

11

Fam

ily:

Hal

icho

ndri

idae

Axi

nyss

a sp

.?

1C

ioca

lypt

a sp

. BB1

1C

ioca

lypt

a sp

. SS3

1

11

Epip

olas

is s

p. 7

99

1H

alic

hond

ria

(Hal

icho

ndri

a) 1

101

1H

alic

hond

ria

(Hal

icho

ndri

a) 7

78

11

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

786

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

802

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

805

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

sp.

K1

11

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

1 1

1H

alic

hond

ria

sp. N

W2

11

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

3 1

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

4 1

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

5 1

Hym

enia

cido

n sp

. NW

1 1

Hym

enia

cido

n sp

. NW

2 1

Hal

icho

ndri

da s

p. N

W3

1

Fam

ily:

Het

erox

yida

eD

idis

cus a

cera

tus (

Rid

ley

& D

endy

, 188

6)1

Myr

mek

iode

rma

sp. 1

092

1M

yrm

ekio

derm

a gr

anul

atum

(Esp

er, 1

794)

11

11

1M

yrm

ekio

derm

a ni

veum

(Row

, 191

1)1

Ord

er: P

oeci

oscl

erid

aFa

mil

y: A

carn

idae

Aca

rnus

tern

atus

Rid

ley,

188

41

Zyz

zya

cric

eta

cf. S

chön

berg

, 200

01

Zyz

zya

fulig

inos

a cf

. (C

arte

r, 18

79)

1

Fam

ily:

Cho

ndro

psid

aeBa

tzel

la s

p. 1

096

1C

hond

rops

is s

p. N

W1

11

Cho

ndro

psis

sp.

NW

2 1

Cho

ndro

psis

sp.

NW

3 1

1

Fam

ily:

Cra

mbe

idae

Mon

anch

ora

ungu

icul

ata

(Den

dy, 1

922)

11

1

Fam

ily:

Cre

llid

aeC

rella

(Yve

sia)

spin

ulat

a (H

ents

chel

, 191

1)1

Fam

ily:

Des

mac

elli

dae

Biem

na s

p. 7

93

1Bi

emna

fort

is c

f. (T

opse

nt, 1

897)

1Bi

emna

sp.

NW

1 1

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Biem

na s

p. N

W2

1D

esm

apsa

mm

a sp

. 800

1

1

Fam

ily:

Hym

edes

mii

dae

Hym

edes

mia

(Hym

edes

mia

) sp.

109

8 1

Fam

ily:

Iotr

ocho

tida

eIo

troc

hota

bac

ulife

ra R

idle

y, 1

884

11

11

1Io

troc

hota

coc

cine

a (C

arte

r, 18

86)

11

Iotr

ocho

ta c

occi

nea

cf. (

Car

ter,

1886

)1

1

Fam

ily:

Isod

icty

idae

Coe

loca

rter

ia si

ngap

oren

sis c

f. (C

arte

r, 18

83)

1

Fam

ily:

Mic

roci

onid

aeA

ntho

(Aca

rnia

) rid

leyi

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

1C

lath

ria

(Mic

roci

ona)

ace

rato

obtu

sa

(Car

ter,

1887

)1

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) abi

etin

a (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cac

tifor

mis

(L

amar

ck, 1

814)

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cer

vico

rnis

cf.

(T

hiel

e, 1

903)

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cop

ping

eri R

idle

y, 1

884

1C

lath

ria

(Tha

lysi

as) l

ende

nfel

di

Rid

ley

& D

endy

, 188

61

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) rei

nwar

dti V

osm

aer,

1880

11

1C

lath

ria

(Tha

lysi

as) t

inge

ns H

oope

r, 19

961

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) tox

ifera

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

11

Cla

thri

a sp

. NW

1 1

Cla

thri

a sp

. NW

2 1

Cla

thri

a sp

. NW

3 1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Echi

noch

alin

a (E

chin

ocha

lina)

inte

rmed

ia c

f. (W

hite

legg

e, 1

902)

1

Echi

noch

alin

a (E

chin

ocha

lina)

sp.

K1

1Ec

hino

chal

ina

sp. B

B11

Echi

noch

alin

a sp

. NW

1 1

Echi

nocl

athr

ia s

p. N

W1

1

Fam

ily:

Myc

alid

aeM

ycal

e (A

reno

chal

ina)

sp.

795

1

Myc

ale (

Car

mia

) sp.

239

1

Myc

ale s

p. N

W1

1

Fam

ily:

Ras

pail

iida

eEc

hino

dict

yum

canc

ella

tum

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)1

11

Echi

nodi

ctyu

m cl

athr

ioid

es H

ents

chel

, 191

11

11

Echi

nodi

ctyu

m m

esen

teri

num

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)1

11

Ecty

opla

sia

tabu

la (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

11

11

11

Ecty

opla

sia

vann

us H

oope

r, 19

911

Ras

paili

a (C

lath

riod

endr

on) m

elan

orho

ps

Hoo

per,

1991

1

Ras

paili

a (P

aras

yrin

gella

) cl

athr

ata

cf. R

idle

y , 1

884

1

Ras

paili

a (P

aras

yrin

gella

) nu

da c

f. H

ents

chel

, 191

11

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

ilia)

pha

kello

psis

Hoo

per,

1991

1R

aspa

ilia

(Ras

paili

a) v

estig

ifera

Den

dy, 1

896

1R

aspa

ilia

(Ras

paxi

llla)

sp.

BB1

1Th

rina

coph

ora

cerv

icor

nis c

f.

Rid

ley

& D

endy

, 188

61

1

Trik

entr

ion

flabe

llifo

rme C

arte

r, 18

821

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Fam

ily:

Rha

bder

emii

dea

Rha

bder

emia

indi

ca c

f. D

endy

, 190

51

Fam

ily:

Ted

anii

dae

Teda

nia

(Ted

ania

) anh

elan

s cf.

(L

iebe

rküh

n, 1

859)

1

Ord

er: A

gela

sida

Fam

ily:

Age

lasi

dae

Age

las m

auri

tiana

(Car

ter,

1883

)1

11

1

Fam

ily:

Ast

rosc

leri

dae

Ast

rosc

lera

will

eyan

a Li

ster

, 190

01

1

Ord

er: H

aplo

scle

rida

Fam

ily:

Cal

lysp

ongi

idae

Are

nosc

lera

sp.

K1

1C

ally

spon

gia

(Cal

lysp

ongi

a) 1

02

1C

ally

spon

gia

(Cal

lysp

ongi

a) 7

55

1C

ally

spon

gia

(Cal

lysp

ongi

a) 7

91

1C

ally

spon

gia

(Cal

lysp

ongi

a) 8

03

1C

ally

spon

gia

(Cal

lysp

ongi

a) 9

38

1C

ally

spon

gia

(Cal

lysp

ongi

a) c

onfo

eder

ata

(Rid

ley,

188

4)1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

sp.

K1

11

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

lado

chal

ina)

cf.

aeri

zusa

D

esqu

eyro

ux-F

aúnd

ez, 1

984

11

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (T

oxoc

halin

a) sc

hulz

ei

(Kie

schn

ick,

190

0)1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (T

oxoc

halin

a) s

p. K

1 1

1C

ally

spon

gia

sp. N

W1

1C

ally

spon

gia

sp. N

W2

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

3 1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

4 1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

5 1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

6 1

Fam

ily:

Cha

lini

dae

Cha

linul

a co

nfus

a (D

endy

, 192

2)1

Hal

iclo

na (G

elliu

s) a

mbo

inen

sis (

Lévi

, 196

1)1

1H

alic

lona

(Gel

lius)

cym

aefo

rmis

(Esp

er, 1

794)

11

11

1H

alic

lona

(Hal

iclo

na) s

p. 1

022

1H

alic

lona

(Hal

iclo

na) s

p. 3

84

11

Hal

iclo

na (H

alic

lona

) sp.

945

1

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. 7

89

1H

alic

lona

(Ren

iera

) sp.

801

1

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. N

W2

11

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. N

W6

1H

alic

lona

(Ren

iera

) sp.

NW

7 1

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. N

W8

1H

alic

lona

kor

emel

la d

e La

uben

fels

, 195

41

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W1

1H

alic

lona

sp.

NW

10

1H

alic

lona

sp.

NW

3 1

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W4

11

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W5

11

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W9

1H

alic

lona

vio

la c

f. H

oshi

no, 1

981

1

Fam

ily:

Nip

hati

dae

Am

phim

edon

lam

ella

ta F

rom

ont,

1993

11

Am

phim

edon

par

avir

idis

Fro

mon

t, 19

931


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Am

phim

edon

sp.

881

1

Am

phim

edon

sp.

NW

1 1

1C

ribr

ocha

lina

sp. 7

92

11

Gel

liode

s sp.

555

1

Gel

liode

s sp.

619

1

Gel

liode

s sp.

777

1

Gel

liode

s fibu

lata

(Car

ter,

1881

)1

11

11

1G

ellio

des s

p. B

B11

Nip

hate

s niti

da c

f. Fr

omon

t, 19

931

Nip

hate

s ole

mda

(de

Laub

enfe

ls, 1

954)

1N

ipha

tes s

p. N

W1

11

1N

ipha

tes s

p. N

W3

1N

ipha

tes s

p. N

W4

1N

ipha

tes s

p. N

W5

1

Fam

ily:

Pet

rosi

idae

Aca

ntho

stro

ngyl

opho

ra a

shm

oric

a

Hoo

per,

1984

1

Neo

petr

osia

exig

ua (K

irkp

atri

ck, 1

900)

11

11

11

Petr

osia

(Pet

rosi

a) s

p. 1

095

1Pe

tros

ia (P

etro

sia)

sp.

110

3 1

Petr

osia

(Pet

rosi

a) s

p. 1

13

1Pe

tros

ia (P

etro

sia)

nig

rica

ns L

indg

ren,

189

71

11

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

du

riss

ima

cf. (

Den

dy, 1

905)

11

1

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

sp.

NW

1 1

1Pe

tros

ia (S

tron

gylo

phor

a) s

p. N

W2

11

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

stro

ngyl

ata

cf

. Thi

ele,

190

31

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

stro

ngyl

ata

Th

iele

, 190

31

Petr

osia

sp.

NW

3 1

1Pe

tros

ia s

p. N

W4

1Pe

tros

ia s

p. N

W5

1Pe

tros

ia s

p. N

W6

1X

esto

spon

gia

berg

quis

tia c

f. Fr

omon

t, 19

911

11

Xes

tosp

ongi

a sp

. NW

1 1

Xes

tosp

ongi

a sp

. NW

2 1

Xes

tosp

ongi

a te

stud

inar

ia (L

amar

ck, 1

815)

11

11

11

11

Fam

ily:

Phl

oeod

icty

idae

Siph

onod

icty

on m

ucos

um B

ergq

uist

, 196

51

Siph

onod

icty

on p

arat

ypic

um c

f. (F

rom

ont,

1993

)1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. 1

102

1Si

phon

odic

tyon

sp.

332

1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. K

1 1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. K

2 1

1Si

phon

odic

tyon

sp.

NW

1 1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. N

W2

1O

cean

apia

am

boin

ensi

s Top

sent

, 189

71

11

Oce

anap

ia m

acro

toxa

(Hoo

per,

1984

)1

11

Oce

anap

ia ra

msa

yi L

ende

nfel

d, 1

888

1O

cean

apia

sp.

NW

1 1

Ord

er: D

icty

ocer

atid

aFa

mil

y:D

ysid

eida

eD

ysid

ea s

p. 1

11

1D

ysid

ea a

rena

ria

Berg

quis

t, 19

651

1D

ysid

ea g

ranu

losa

Ber

gqui

st, 1

965

1D

ysid

ea g

ranu

losa

cf.

Berg

quis

t, 19

651

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Dys

idea

sp.

NW

1 1

Dys

idea

sp.

NW

3 1

Dys

idea

sp.

NW

4 1

1D

ysid

ea s

p. N

W5

11

Eury

spon

gia

delic

atul

a cf

. Ber

quis

t, 19

951

Lam

ello

dysi

dea

herb

acea

(Kel

ler,

1889

)1

11

11

11

Fam

ily:

Irci

niid

aeIr

cini

a sp

. 1

1Ir

cini

a ra

mos

a cf

. (K

elle

r, 18

89)

1Ir

cini

a sp

. NW

1 1

1Ir

cini

a sp

. NW

2 1

Psam

moc

inia

sp.

2

1Sa

rcot

ragu

s sp.

1

1Sa

rcot

ragu

s sp.

NW

1 1

1Sa

rcot

ragu

s sp.

SS8

1

11

11

1

Fam

ily:

Spo

ngii

dae

Hip

posp

ongi

a sp

. 27

1H

ippo

spon

gia

sp. 6

1

Hip

posp

ongi

a sp

. NW

1 1

Hip

posp

ongi

a sp

. SS1

1

Hya

ttel

la in

test

inal

is (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

1Sp

ongi

a (S

pong

ia) a

ustr

alis

cf. B

ergq

uist

, 199

51

Spon

gia

sp. 1

5 1

Spon

gia

sp. N

W1

1

Fam

ily:

Tho

rect

idae

Apl

ysin

opsi

s ele

gans

Len

denf

eld,

188

81

Cac

ospo

ngia

sp.

NW

1 1

Car

teri

ospo

ngia

flab

ellif

era

(B

ower

bank

, 187

7)1

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Car

terio

spon

gia

folia

scen

s (Pa

llas,

1766

)1

11

Dac

tylo

spon

gia

elega

ns (T

hiel

e, 1

899)

11

11

Dac

tylo

spon

gia

sp. N

W1

1Fa

scap

lysin

opsis

retic

ulat

a (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)1

1Fa

scio

spon

gia

sp. 1

1

Hyr

tios e

rect

us (K

elle

r, 18

89)

11

11

Hyr

tios s

p. N

W1

1Lu

ffarie

lla sp

. 804

1

Luffa

riella

sp. K

1 1

Phyl

losp

ongi

a pa

pyra

cea

(Esp

er, 1

794)

11

11

Thor

ecta

sp. 1

1 1

Thor

ecta

sp. K

1 1

11

Thor

ecta

ndra

sp. 1

1

Ord

er: D

endr

ocer

atid

aFa

mil

y: D

arw

inel

lida

eC

helo

napl

ysill

a sp

. NW

1 1

Che

lona

plys

illa

sp. N

W2

1

Fam

ily:

Dic

tyod

endr

illi

dae

Dic

tyod

endr

illa

sp. 3

62

1D

icty

oden

drill

a sp

. NW

1 1

Ord

er: V

eron

gida

Ver

ongi

da s

p. N

W1

1

Fam

ily:

Apl

ysin

elli

dae

Sube

rea

iant

helli

form

is (L

ende

nfel

d, 1

888)

11

Sube

rea

labo

utei

cf.

Berg

quis

t, 19

951

Sube

rea

sp. N

W1

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Fam

ily:

Apl

ysin

idae

Apl

ysin

a sp

. 125

1

Apl

ysin

a sp

. 589

cf.

A

. ret

icul

ata

Lend

enfe

ld, 1

889

1

Apl

ysin

a sp

. NW

1 1

Apl

ysin

idae

sp.

K1

1

Fam

ily:

Iant

hell

idae

Iant

hella

bas

ta (P

alla

s, 1

766)

1Ia

nthe

lla fl

abel

lifor

mis

(Pal

las,

176

6)1

Iant

hella

qua

dran

gula

ta B

ergq

uist

&

Kel

ly-B

orge

s, 1

995

1

Fam

ily:

Pse

udoc

erat

inid

aePs

eudo

cera

tina

sp. 1

90

1Ps

eudo

cera

tina

sp. 3

64

1Ps

eudo

cera

tina

sp. 1

1

Pseu

doce

ratin

a sp

. 2

1Ps

eudo

cera

tina

verr

ucos

a cf

. Ber

gqui

st, 1

995

1

Tota

l nu

mb

er o

f sp

ecie

s 73

8554

111

4925

6953

1714

1111

1212

1217

1411

1128

1114

1411

1112

1233

2045

1113

12


APPE

NDI

X 2

Know

n sp

ecie

s of

spo

nges

reco

rded

from

the

Proj

ect A

rea,

the

loca

tions

whe

re th

ey w

ere

repo

rted

, and

thei

r bio

geog

raph

ic c

odin

g.

Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

CA

LC

AR

EA

Ord

er: C

lath

rin

ida

Fam

ily:

Leu

cett

idae

Per

icha

rax

hete

rora

phis

Pol

éjae

ff, 1

883

●1

11

11

11

HO

MO

SC

LE

RO

MO

RP

HA

Ord

er: H

omos

cler

oph

orid

a

Fam

ily:

Pla

kin

idae

Pla

kina

stre

lla m

amm

illar

is L

end

enfe

ld, 1

907

●1

Pla

kort

is c

omm

unis

Mur

icy,

201

0●

11

11

Pla

kort

is n

igra

Lév

i, 19

53●

1

DE

MO

SP

ON

GIA

EO

rder

: Sp

irop

hor

ida

Cin

achy

rella

aus

tral

iens

is C

arte

r, 18

86●

●1

11

11

Cin

achy

rella

eni

gmat

ica

(Bur

ton,

193

4)●

1

Cin

achy

rella

sch

ulze

i (K

elle

r, 18

91)

●1

1

Cin

achy

rella

tare

ntin

a (P

ulit

zer-

Fina

li, 1

983)

●Te

mp

Nth

Atl

anti

c; T

rop

Atl

anti

c

Ord

er: A

stro

ph

orid

aM

elop

hlus

sar

asin

orum

Thi

ele,

189

9●

11

11

Rha

bdas

trel

la g

lobo

stel

lata

(Car

ter,

1883

)●

11

11

11

Stel

lett

a cl

avos

a R

idle

y, 1

884

●1

11

11

1

Stel

lett

a sp

lend

ens

Tani

ta, 1

965

●Te

mp

Nth

Pac

ific

(Sea

of J

apan

)

Ord

er: H

adro

mer

ida

Fam

ily:

Cli

onai

dae

Clio

na c

elat

a G

rant

, 182

6●

1Te

mp

Nth

Atl

anti

c, T

rop

Atl

anti

c

Clio

na d

issi

mili

s R

idle

y &

Den

dy,

188

6●

11

1


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Clio

na o

rien

talis

Thi

ele,

190

0●

●1

11

11

Pio

ne la

mpa

(de

Lau

benf

els,

195

0)●

Trop

Atl

anti

c

Pio

ne v

elan

s H

ents

chel

, 190

9●

11

1

Sphe

cios

pong

ia p

apill

osa

Rid

ley

& D

end

y, 1

886

●1

Sphe

cios

pong

ia v

agab

unda

(Rid

ley,

188

4)●

●1

11

1

Fam

ily:

Hem

iast

erel

lid

ae

Axo

s fla

belli

form

is C

arte

r, 18

79●

11

Fam

ily:

Su

ber

itid

ae

Aap

tos

aapt

os (S

chm

idt,

1864

)●

Tem

p N

th A

tlan

tic

Fam

ily:

Tet

hyi

dae

Ant

hote

thya

from

onta

e Sa

ra &

Sar

a, 2

002

●1

Ord

er: C

hon

dro

sid

a

Fam

ily:

Ch

ond

rill

idae

Cho

ndri

lla a

ustr

alie

nsis

Car

ter,

1873

●1

11

11

1

Fam

ily:

Hal

isar

cid

ae

Hal

isar

ca d

ujar

dini

John

ston

, 184

2●

Tem

p N

th A

tlan

tic

Ord

er: L

ith

isti

da

Fam

ily:

Th

eon

elli

dae

Dis

code

rmia

dis

cife

ra (L

end

enfe

ld, 1

907)

●1

11

The

onel

la c

ylin

dric

a W

ilson

, 192

5●

1

The

onel

la le

vior

Len

den

feld

, 190

7●

11

The

onel

la s

win

hoei

Gra

y, 1

868

●1

1


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Ord

er: H

alic

hon

dri

da

Fam

ily:

Axi

nel

lid

ae

Axi

nella

aru

ensi

s (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)●

●1

11

1

Axi

nella

laby

rint

hica

Den

dy,

188

9●

1

Cym

bast

ela

stip

itat

a (B

ergq

uist

& T

izar

d, 1

967)

●1

1

Dra

gmac

idon

aus

tral

e (B

ergq

uist

, 197

0)●

11

11

Dra

gmac

idon

dur

issi

mum

(Den

dy,

190

5)●

11

1

Ren

ioch

alin

a st

alag

mit

is L

end

enfe

ld, 1

888

●●

11

1

Fam

ily:

Des

mox

yid

ae

Hig

gins

ia s

cabr

a W

hite

legg

e, 1

907

●1

Fam

ily:

Dic

tyon

elli

dae

Aca

nthe

lla c

aver

nosa

Den

dy,

192

2●

11

11

Aca

nthe

lla d

endy

i (B

ergq

uist

, 197

0)●

1

Aca

nthe

lla p

ulch

erri

ma

Rid

ley

& D

end

y, 1

886

●1

11

11

Pha

kett

ia e

ucti

men

a (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)●

11

Styl

issa

car

teri

(Den

dy,

188

9)●

11

1

Styl

issa

con

ulos

a (D

end

y, 1

922)

●1

Styl

issa

flab

ellif

orm

is (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)●

11

1

Styl

issa

mas

sa (C

arte

r, 18

87)

●1

11

1

Fam

ily:

Het

erox

yid

ae

Did

iscu

s ac

erat

us (R

idle

y &

Den

dy,

188

6)●

11

11

Myr

mek

iode

rma

gran

ulat

um (E

sper

, 179

4)●

●1

11

11

Myr

mek

iode

rma

nive

um (R

ow, 1

911)

●1


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Ord

er: P

oeci

losc

leri

da

Fam

ily:

Aca

rnid

ae

Aca

rnus

tern

atus

Rid

ley,

188

4●

11

1

Fam

ily:

Cra

mb

eid

ae

Mon

anch

ora

ungu

icul

ata

(Den

dy,

192

2)●

11

1Tr

op A

tlan

tic

Fam

ily:

Cre

llid

ae

Cre

lla (Y

vesi

a) s

pinu

lata

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

911)

●1

1

Fam

ily:

Iot

roch

otid

aeIo

troc

hota

bac

ulife

ra R

idle

y, 1

884

●●

11

11

11

Iotr

ocho

ta c

occi

nea

(Car

ter,

1886

)●

1

Fam

ily:

Mic

roci

onid

aeA

ntho

(Aca

rnia

) rid

leyi

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

●1

1

Cla

thri

a (M

icro

cion

a) a

cera

toob

tusa

(Car

ter,

1887

)●

11

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) abi

etin

a (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

●1

11

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cac

tifo

rmis

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)●

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cop

ping

eri R

idle

y, 1

884

●1

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) len

denf

eldi

Rid

ley

& D

end

y, 1

886

●1

11

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) rei

nwar

dti V

osm

aer,

1880

●1

11

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) tin

gens

Hoo

per,

1996

●1

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) tox

ifera

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

●1

11

Fam

ily:

Ras

pai

liid

aeE

chin

odic

tyum

can

cella

tum

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)●

●1

11

1

Ech

inod

icty

um c

lath

rioi

des

Hen

tsch

el, 1

911

●1

1

Ech

inod

icty

um m

esen

teri

num

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)●

●1

11

1

Ect

yopl

asia

tabu

la (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

●●

11

1

Ect

yopl

asia

van

nus

Hoo

per,

1991

●1

1


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Ras

paili

a (C

lath

riod

endr

on) m

elan

orho

ps H

oope

r, 19

91●

1

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

ilia)

pha

kello

psis

Hoo

per,

1991

●1

1

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

ilia)

ves

tigi

fera

Den

dy,

189

6●

11

1

Trik

entr

ion

flabe

llifo

rme

Car

ter,

1882

●1

11

Ord

er: A

gela

sid

aFa

mil

y: A

gela

sid

ae

Age

las

mau

riti

ana

(Car

ter,

1883

)●

11

Fam

ily:

Ast

rosc

leri

dae

Ast

rosc

lera

will

eyan

a L

iste

r, 19

00●

11

11

1

Ord

er: H

aplo

scle

rid

a

Fam

ily:

Cal

lysp

ongi

idae

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

con

foed

erat

a (R

idle

y, 1

884)

●1

11

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (T

oxoc

halin

a) s

chul

zei (

Kie

schn

ick,

190

0)●

1

Fam

ily:

Ch

alin

idae

Cha

linul

a co

nfus

a (D

end

y, 1

922)

●1

Hal

iclo

na (G

elliu

s) a

mbo

inen

sis

(Lév

i, 19

61)

●1

11

1

Hal

iclo

na (G

elliu

s) c

ymae

form

is (E

sper

, 179

4)●

●1

11

11

Hal

iclo

na k

orem

ella

de

Lau

benf

els,

195

4●

11

Fam

ily:

Nip

hat

idae

Am

phim

edon

lam

ella

ta F

rom

ont,

1993

●1

1

Am

phim

edon

par

avir

idis

Fro

mon

t, 19

93●

11

Gel

liode

s fib

ulat

a (C

arte

r, 18

81)

●●

11

11

11

Nip

hate

s ol

emda

(de

Lau

benf

els,

195

4)●

1

Fam

ily:

Pet

rosi

idae

Aca

ntho

stro

ngyl

opho

ra a

shm

oric

a H

oope

r, 19

84●

1


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Neo

petr

osia

exi

gua

(Kir

kpat

rick

, 190

0)●

●1

11

1

Pet

rosi

a (P

etro

sia)

nig

rica

ns L

ind

gren

, 189

7●

11

1

Pet

rosi

a (S

tron

gylo

phor

a) s

tron

gyla

ta T

hiel

e, 1

903

●1

1

Xes

tosp

ongi

a te

stud

inar

ia (L

amar

ck, 1

815)

●●

11

11

1

Fam

ily:

Ph

loeo

dic

tyid

ae

Siph

onod

icty

on m

ucos

um B

ergq

uist

, 196

5●

11

1

Oce

anap

ia a

mbo

inen

sis

Tops

ent,

1897

●1

1

Oce

anap

ia m

acro

toxa

(Hoo

per,

1984

)●

●1

1

Oce

anap

ia r

amsa

yi L

end

enfe

ld, 1

888

●1

1

Ord

er: D

icty

ocer

atid

a

Fam

ily:

Dys

idei

dae

Dys

idea

are

nari

a B

ergq

uist

, 196

5●

●1

1

Dys

idea

gra

nulo

sa B

ergq

uist

, 196

5●

11

Lam

ello

dysi

dea

herb

acea

(Kel

ler,

1889

)●

11

11

Fam

ily:

Sp

ongi

idae

Hya

ttel

la in

test

inal

is (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

●1

1

Fam

ily:

Th

orec

tid

ae

Apl

ysin

opsi

s el

egan

s L

end

enfe

ld, 1

888

●1

11

1Te

mp

Nth

Pac

ific

Car

teri

ospo

ngia

flab

ellif

era

(Bow

erba

nk, 1

877)

●1

11

Car

teri

ospo

ngia

folia

scen

s (P

alla

s, 1

766)

●1

11

11

1

Dac

tylo

spon

gia

eleg

ans

(Thi

ele,

189

9)●

11

Fasc

aply

sino

psis

ret

icul

ata

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

●1

11

11

Hyr

tios

ere

ctus

(Kel

ler,

1889

)●

11

1

Phy

llosp

ongi

a pa

pyra

cea

(Esp

er, 1

794)

●1

11

1


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Ord

er: V

eron

gid

a

Fam

ily:

Ap

lysi

nel

lid

ae

Sube

rea

iant

helli

form

is (L

end

enfe

ld, 1

888)

●1

1

Fam

ily:

Ian

thel

lid

ae

Iant

hella

bas

ta (P

alla

s, 1

766)

●1

11

1

Iant

hella

flab

ellif

orm

is (P

alla

s, 1

766)

●1

11

11

Iant

hella

qua

dran

gula

ta B

ergq

uist

& K

elly

-Bor

ges,

199

5●

1

Tota

l sp

ecie

s81

4034

247

7639

4556

5

Documents

Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: sponges (Porifera)museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum... · Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: sponges (Porifera) Jane