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Invaders of the Middle East. Challenges to Islam. The Seljuk Turks Seljuk was the chieftain of a group of Turkish tribes These tribes were originally from the steppes of central Asia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Invaders of the Middle East
The Seljuk Turks
Seljuk was the chieftain of a group of Turkish tribes
These tribes were originally from the steppes of central Asia
In the late 10th century, they migrated into modern day Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq and converted to Islam
Challenges to Islam
Seljuk Empire
In 1055, the Seljuk Turks, under their leader Mas’ud, conquer Baghdad, and establish control over the Abbassid Dynasty
At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, they deal a serious blow to the Byzantine Empire
Much of Anatolia is now under Seljuk Turk control
Challenges to Islam
Seljuks dominate the aging Abbassid Empire
Byzantine Empire is weakened by Seljuk advances into Anatolia (modern day Turkey)
This prompts the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus to ask Western Christendom for help
Major Impact of the Seljuk Turks
The Byzantine Emperor Alexius convinces Pope Urban to call for a “crusade” to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims
First Crusade (1096-1099)Captures Jerusalem in 1099Crusader armies establish kingdoms in
Syria and PalestineWhen the Crusaders capture Jerusalem,
they celebrate by killing all Muslims, Jews, and even Orthodox Christians!
Crusaders
http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos - the-crusades
The Crusaders
The Crusader Kingdoms in the Middle East last for less than 200 years
Lasting impact was the exposure of Western Europe to the wealth, trade, and knowledge of Middle East culture
Major Impact of the Crusades
The Mongols were from central Asia
Under their great leader Genghis Khan, they would eventually control the largest continuous empire in history
The Mongols
Were very effective cavalry
Left a path of death and destruction in their wake
The Mongols
Extent of Mongol EmpireThe Mongols
In 1258, Hulagu, a grandson of the great Genghis Khan, led a huge Mongol army to invade the Abbassid Empire.
The caliph of Baghdad believed that his forces could withstand a siege.
He was wrong…
Mongol Horsemen
The city of Baghdad fell to the Mongols, and was destroyed
80,000 people were put to the sword, except for the Christians
The Caliph was stuffed into a felt bag and ridden over by hundreds of horses
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oo0rZSEC6pA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=saBqXxublJU
Mongol Horsemen
Mongol invasions caused terrible destruction in the Middle East
Millions of people were killed, and thousands of towns and cities destroyed
Mongol invasions, did, however, link the Middle East with China and India via trade routes
Impact of Mongol Invasions