Foreign Invaders of the Foreign Invaders of the Middle EastMiddle East

1000-13001000-1300

Imperial Map

Foreign InvadersForeign Invaders

• By the year 900 CE the great Arab By the year 900 CE the great Arab empire created after Muhammad’s death empire created after Muhammad’s death was broken and fractured.was broken and fractured.

• These kingdoms continued to develop as These kingdoms continued to develop as centers of Islamic civilization.centers of Islamic civilization.

• Beginning around 1000 CE waves of Beginning around 1000 CE waves of nomads began to overrun the Middle nomads began to overrun the Middle East in search of good, fertile land.East in search of good, fertile land.

Objective: to identify the changes that foreign invaders brought to the Middle EastProcedure: Using textbook pages 575-578 create a WEB.

Central Idea: Foreign Invaders of the Middle East (1000-1300)(be sure to include addition details along with effects)

Foreign Invadersof the

Middle East(1000-1300)

Seljuks Mongols

Crusaders

effects

effects

effects

Closure: Describe changes brought by each group.

The Seljuk TurksThe Seljuk TurksSeljuk was the chieftain of a group of Seljuk was the chieftain of a group of Turkish tribesTurkish tribesThese tribes were originally from the These tribes were originally from the steppes of central Asia – Turkish Speakingsteppes of central Asia – Turkish SpeakingIn the late 10In the late 10thth century, they migrated into century, they migrated into modern day Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq, and modern day Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq, and converted to Islamconverted to Islam

Challenges to IslamChallenges to Islam

SeljuksSeljuks Converted to Islam before the invasionConverted to Islam before the invasion In 1055, the Seljuk Turks, under their leader In 1055, the Seljuk Turks, under their leader

Mas’ud, conquer Baghdad, and establish control Mas’ud, conquer Baghdad, and establish control over the Abbasid Dynastyover the Abbasid Dynasty Caliph remained as a figure headCaliph remained as a figure head

Captured Anatolia Plateau (Turkey) from Captured Anatolia Plateau (Turkey) from ByzantineByzantine

At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, they deal a At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, they deal a serious blow to the Byzantine Empireserious blow to the Byzantine Empire ½ of the old Roman Empire½ of the old Roman Empire

conquered by Mongols in 1244conquered by Mongols in 1244

Long –Term Effects of SeljuksLong –Term Effects of Seljuks

Weakened Byzantine EmpireWeakened Byzantine Empire Frightened Christian rulers of EuropeFrightened Christian rulers of Europe

The Mongols were from central The Mongols were from central AsiaAsia

Under their great leader Genghis Under their great leader Genghis Khan, they would eventually Khan, they would eventually control the largest continuous control the largest continuous empire in historyempire in history

The MongolsThe Mongols

Extent of Mongol EmpireExtent of Mongol Empire

The MongolsThe Mongols

Were very Were very effective effective cavalrycavalry

Left a path of Left a path of death and death and destruction in destruction in their waketheir wake

The MongolsThe Mongols

MongolsMongols Horse riding people of Central AsiaHorse riding people of Central Asia Looted, destroyed & killed millions over 100 year Looted, destroyed & killed millions over 100 year

periodperiod Killed last Abbasid CaliphKilled last Abbasid Caliph Genghis is alleged to have said: Genghis is alleged to have said: 

"The greatest joy a man can know is to conquer his enemies and drive them "The greatest joy a man can know is to conquer his enemies and drive them before him. To ride their horses and take away their possessions. To see the before him. To ride their horses and take away their possessions. To see the faces of those who were dear to them in tears, and to clasp their wives and faces of those who were dear to them in tears, and to clasp their wives and daughters in his arms" daughters in his arms" 

HulaguHulagu Grandson of Genghis KahnGrandson of Genghis Kahn Captured Baghdad from SeljuksCaptured Baghdad from Seljuks

In 1258, Hulagu, a grandson of the great In 1258, Hulagu, a grandson of the great Genghis Khan, led a huge Mongol army to Genghis Khan, led a huge Mongol army to invade the Abbasid Empire.invade the Abbasid Empire.

The caliph of Baghdad believed that his The caliph of Baghdad believed that his forces could withstand a siege.forces could withstand a siege.

He was wrong…He was wrong…

Mongol HorsemenMongol Horsemen

The city of Baghdad fell to the Mongols, The city of Baghdad fell to the Mongols, and was destroyedand was destroyed

80,000 people were put to the sword, 80,000 people were put to the sword, except for the Christiansexcept for the Christians

The Caliph was wrapped in carpet and The Caliph was wrapped in carpet and ridden over by hundreds of horsesridden over by hundreds of horses

Mongols Video Sack of Baghdad Video Video

Mongol HorsemenMongol Horsemen

Long-Term Effects of MongolsLong-Term Effects of Mongols

Mongols Crash Course also in South Asia also in South Asia Absorbed into cultures of Middle EastAbsorbed into cultures of Middle East Linked trade to China, India and Middle Linked trade to China, India and Middle

EastEast Controlled trade routesControlled trade routes

Crusades Video 3:15 good goodStory of Us Crusades

Discovery Channel DVD CrusadesDiscovery Channel DVD Crusades

The Crusaders

CrusadersCrusaders The Byzantines pressured all of Christendom to strike The Byzantines pressured all of Christendom to strike

back against the Seljuk Turksback against the Seljuk Turks Motives: Motives:

regain control of Byzantine Church & increase power of regain control of Byzantine Church & increase power of Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church

11stst Crusades: Pope Urban II Crusades: Pope Urban II 1095-10961095-1096 Military expeditions Military expeditions Goal to capture PalestineGoal to capture Palestine took Jerusalem Fall of Videotook Jerusalem Fall of Video Helped Byzantine recover AnatoliaHelped Byzantine recover Anatolia Christian Kingdom stretches to the Mediterranean Coast - Christian Kingdom stretches to the Mediterranean Coast -

Origins of the Knights Templar VideoOrigins of the Knights Templar Video Saladin drove Crusaders from Jerusalem 1187Saladin drove Crusaders from Jerusalem 1187

Saladin History Channel Video Video 2Saladin History Channel Video Video 2

10:48 Saladin

• Salah-al-Din, or Saladin, united Salah-al-Din, or Saladin, united the Muslim world in the late the Muslim world in the late 1100s CE.1100s CE.

• Saladin was God-fearing, Saladin was God-fearing, courteous, and generous to courteous, and generous to friends and enemies.friends and enemies.

• He united Muslims from Syria He united Muslims from Syria and Egypt, surrounded the and Egypt, surrounded the crusader kingdoms, and forced crusader kingdoms, and forced the crusaders to retreat.the crusaders to retreat.

• He eventually recaptured the city He eventually recaptured the city of Jerusalem from the crusaders of Jerusalem from the crusaders in 1187 CE.in 1187 CE.

• Origins of the Knights Templar Origins of the Knights Templar VideoVideo

SaladinSaladin

Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades

Crusader Kingdoms in Middle East lasted less than Crusader Kingdoms in Middle East lasted less than 200 years200 years

Increased trade across the Mediterranean SeaIncreased trade across the Mediterranean Sea All land recaptured by MuslimsAll land recaptured by Muslims Effects in Europe – wealth, trade. Knowledge from MEEffects in Europe – wealth, trade. Knowledge from ME

New products: silk, spice, sugarNew products: silk, spice, sugar Advances in technology: paper, compassAdvances in technology: paper, compass Quickened change in EuropeQuickened change in Europe

Limited change to Middle East – Limited change to Middle East – Effects Video 3:00Effects Video 3:00

Closure:Closure:

Changes brought by each group:Changes brought by each group: SeljuksSeljuks

Weakened Byzantine empire Weakened Byzantine empire

MongolsMongols Strengthen trade between Asia, India and Middle Strengthen trade between Asia, India and Middle

EastEast

CrusadersCrusaders Increased European interest in AsiaIncreased European interest in Asia Increased knowledge/trade/new productsIncreased knowledge/trade/new products