Introduction to the Microscope

Introduction to Introduction to the Microscopethe Microscope

CareCarePartsPartsFocusingFocusing

How do microscopes help How do microscopes help scientists study living scientists study living

things?things?Microscopes help scientist to Microscopes help scientist to observe and study organisms to observe and study organisms to small to see with the eye alone. small to see with the eye alone. They do this by making objects They do this by making objects look larger. (magnify)look larger. (magnify)

How are simple microscopes How are simple microscopes and a compound microscope and a compound microscope

alike/different?alike/different?A A simple microscopesimple microscope has only 1 lens. It has only 1 lens. It does not magnify things very much.does not magnify things very much.

A A compound microscopecompound microscope has 2 sets of has 2 sets of lenses. It can magnify things 100 - 200 lenses. It can magnify things 100 - 200 times larger than they really are.times larger than they really are.

An An electron microscopeelectron microscope can magnify can magnify objects up to 300,000 times. They do not objects up to 300,000 times. They do not use lenses, but use electrons to enlarge the use lenses, but use electrons to enlarge the image.image.

Always carry with 2 handsAlways carry with 2 hands Only use lens paper for cleaningOnly use lens paper for cleaning Do not force knobsDo not force knobs Always store coveredAlways store covered Keep objects clear of desk and cordsKeep objects clear of desk and cords

Place the Slide on the Place the Slide on the MicroscopeMicroscope

Use Stage Clips Use Stage Clips Click Nosepiece to the lowest Click Nosepiece to the lowest

(shortest) setting(shortest) setting Look into the EyepieceLook into the Eyepiece Use the Coarse Focus to bring Use the Coarse Focus to bring

the object in focus.the object in focus.

How to Use a MicroscopeHow to Use a Microscope1. Turn the revolving nosepiece to 1. Turn the revolving nosepiece to

the low power lens.the low power lens.

2. Using the 2. Using the course adjustment course adjustment knobknob, lower the body tube to its , lower the body tube to its lowest point.lowest point.

3. Place the slide on the stage & 3. Place the slide on the stage & secure it with the clip.secure it with the clip.

4. Look through the eyepiece and 4. Look through the eyepiece and turn the turn the course adjustment course adjustment knobknob backwards slowly so that backwards slowly so that the lens is moving the lens is moving UP. UP. Object Object should come into focus.should come into focus.

How to Use a MicroscopeHow to Use a Microscope

5. Take your eye away from the 5. Take your eye away from the eyepiece & turn the nosepiece to eyepiece & turn the nosepiece to the low power objective lens. the low power objective lens.

6. Look through the eyepiece & 6. Look through the eyepiece & turn the turn the fine adjustment knobfine adjustment knob slowly. The object should come slowly. The object should come into sharper focus.into sharper focus.

7. Take your eye away from the 7. Take your eye away from the eyepiece & turn the nosepiece to eyepiece & turn the nosepiece to the high power objective lens.the high power objective lens.

How to Use a MicroscopeHow to Use a Microscope8. Look through the eyepiece & 8. Look through the eyepiece &

turn the turn the fine adjustment knobfine adjustment knob slowly. The object should come slowly. The object should come into sharper focus.into sharper focus.

9.9. When observations are When observations are complete, turn the nosepiece to complete, turn the nosepiece to the scanner power lens.the scanner power lens.

10. Remove the slide from the 10. Remove the slide from the stage. Turn the stage. Turn the course course adjustment knobadjustment knob to lower the to lower the nosepiece to its lowest level.nosepiece to its lowest level.

Medium PowerMedium Power

Get in focus on low!Get in focus on low! Do not lower the stageDo not lower the stage Move to medium power and bring into focus Move to medium power and bring into focus

while looking through microscope.while looking through microscope. Move to high power. DO NOT LOWER TE Move to high power. DO NOT LOWER TE

STAGE!STAGE!

Follow steps to focus using low power and Follow steps to focus using low power and medium powermedium power

Click the nosepiece to the longest objectiveClick the nosepiece to the longest objective Do Do NOTNOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob use the Coarse Focusing Knob Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slideUse the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide

What can you find on your slide?

What are the parts of a What are the parts of a Compound Light Microscope?Compound Light Microscope?

1. 1. eyepieceeyepiece - the lens look - the lens look through(10X)through(10X)

2. 2. course adjustmentcourse adjustment - the - the large knob large knob

3. 3. fine adjustmentfine adjustment - the small - the small knob brings the image into knob brings the image into sharpestsharpest focus focus


4.4. armarm - supporting the body tube - supporting the body tube

5.5. body tubebody tube - holds the eyepiece - holds the eyepiece and the objective lenses. and the objective lenses.

6. 6. revolving nosepiecerevolving nosepiece - holds - holds the objective lenses and allows the objective lenses and allows them to be turnedthem to be turned


7.7. high power objective lens high power objective lens – – Largest lensLargest lens magnifies the object magnifies the object the greatest amount. (usually 40x)the greatest amount. (usually 40x)

8. 8. Low power lensLow power lens - - the lens that the lens that magnifies the object the least magnifies the object the least amount ( 4 X)amount ( 4 X)

9. 9. Medium power objective Medium power objective lens lens – – middle lens ( 10x )middle lens ( 10x )


10.10. stagestage - where the slide is - where the slide is placedplaced

11.11. clipclip - holds the slide in place so - holds the slide in place so it doesn’t moveit doesn’t move

12. 12. diaphramdiaphram - controls the - controls the amount of light entering the amount of light entering the field of viewfield of view


13.13. light source light source - - sends light sends light through the object being through the object being viewed.viewed.

14. 14. basebase - - the bottom supports the bottom supports the rest of the microscopethe rest of the microscope

Making a Wet Mount SlideMaking a Wet Mount Slide

1. Use dropper to place a drop of 1. Use dropper to place a drop of water on the center of a clean water on the center of a clean slide.slide.

2. Use tweezers to lay specimen 2. Use tweezers to lay specimen on the drop of water.on the drop of water.

3. Gently touch the cover slip to 3. Gently touch the cover slip to the the edgeedge of the drop of water to of the drop of water to cover the specimen & the water.cover the specimen & the water.

Appearance of the SpecimenAppearance of the Specimen

Objects appear upside-down & Objects appear upside-down & backwardbackward

Movement appears to be in Movement appears to be in opposite direction than actual opposite direction than actual movement movement 1 21 2

move slidemove slide

slide appears to moveslide appears to move

2 12 1

Field of ViewField of View

Field of view is the area (circle) Field of view is the area (circle) that you see when looking that you see when looking through the eyepiecethrough the eyepiece

The big black pointy thing is a POINTER!!

Calculating MagnificationCalculating Magnification1. Find the power of the lens. It is found 1. Find the power of the lens. It is found

on the side of the lens. Magnification on the side of the lens. Magnification power of a lens is always identified by power of a lens is always identified by the label of x (10x, 1000x)the label of x (10x, 1000x)

2. Multiply the power of the eyepiece by 2. Multiply the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective lens.the power of the objective lens.

3. Examples:3. Examples:

eyepiece obj. lenseyepiece obj. lens

10x times 100x10x times 100x



Documents

Introduction to the Microscope