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Unit Unit 99 – –

Miscellaneous – About Miscellaneous – About ComputerComputer

2014-15 2014-15 Semester 2Semester 2

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Unit OutlineUnit Outline

• In this unit, we will learn:– Computer System Components

• System Unit• Memory• Storage• Input Devices• Output Devices

– Computer Network

– Network Interface Card

– Internet History

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Unit OutlineUnit Outline

– Types of Software• System Software• Programming Software• Application Software

– Multimedia Authoring Tools

– Categories of Software

– Copyright

– Fair Use

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HardwareHardware

• Hardware is the tangible, physical equipment that can be seen and touched. For example, keyboard, monitor, system unit, and etc.

• The term personal computer usually refers to a microcomputer and all the input, output, storage devices connected to it.

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Computer System Computer System ComponentsComponents

Speaker Printer

Monitor

System unit

DVD drive

Floppy disk drive

Hard disk drive (inside system unit)

Keyboard

Mouse

Modem, network card,

and sound card (inside system unit)

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System UnitSystem Unit

• Is the case that holds the main circuit boards, CPU, power supply, network card, memory and storage devices

• System units for most notebook computers hold built-in keyboards and speakers too.

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Slots for small circuit boards, such as a

sound card, modem, or network card

Small circuit board with chips for controlling the display device

Circuits etched into motherboard to

connect components

Memory chips

Processor chip

Battery

MotherboardROM chip

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• Memory is used to store data, information or programs on a temporary or permanent basis.

• Memory requirements of a multimedia project depend on the project's content and scope.

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MemoryMemory

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MemoryMemory

• Two types of memory:– Random Access Memory (RAM)

• enables the simultaneously running of many applications

• volatile

– Read Only Memory (ROM)• The BIOS program that boots up

the computer resides in the ROM.

• non-volatile

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StorageStorage

• Hard disk• Optical disc• Memory card• USB flash disk• Floppy disk• Magnetic tape

* Storage commonly refers to mass storage.

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Input DevicesInput Devices

• Keyboard • Mouse• Touchscreen• Scanner• Graphic tablet• Digital camera• Microphone• Magnetic card

encoder and reader• Voice recognition

system

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Output DevicesOutput Devices

• Monitor• Speaker• Projector• Printer

– Laser printers and inkjet printers are the two most common types of printers.

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Computer NetworkComputer Network

• A computer network is composed of multiple computing devices connected together using a telecommunication system for the purpose of sharing data, resources and communication.

• A home computer network may consist of two or more computers that share files and a printer using the network.

• The size and scalability of any computer network are determined by the hardware used as well as which protocols are being implemented.

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Computer NetworkComputer Network

• Protocols are standards concerning the connection, communications and data transfer between two computing devices.

• TCP/IP refers to a collection of most commonly used protocols for the Internet.

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Computer NetworkComputer Network

• Computer networks may be classified according to the scale or extent of reach of the network.

• The following is the comparison of network in terms of scale:

PAN < LAN < CAN < MAN < WAN• Personal Area Network (PAN)

– A network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters.

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Computer NetworkComputer Network

• Local Area Network (LAN)– A network covering a small geographic area, like a

home, office, or building. • Campus Area Network (CAN)

– A network that connects two or more LANs but that is limited to a specific (possibly private) geographical area such as a college campus, industrial complex, or a military base.

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Computer NetworkComputer Network

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)– A network that connects two or more LANs or CANs

together but does not extend beyond the boundaries of the immediate town, city, or metropolitan area.

• Wide Area Network (WAN)– A WAN is a data communications network that covers

a relatively broad geographic area (i.e. one country to another and one continent to another continent) and that often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies.

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Computer NetworkComputer Network

• Bandwidth of network– is the amount of data which can be transmitted over a

particular segment of a network within a specified amount of time

– usually measured in Kilo / Mega bits per second (Kbps / Mbps)

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Network Interface CardNetwork Interface Card

• A Network Interface Card (NIC) is an expansion card that is added to a computer to enable it to communicate on a network.

• The NIC is responsible for converting the data from the computer into a form which can be sent out the network and vice versa.

• The NIC usually has a memory buffer where information is temporarily stored and transmitted to or from the network.

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Internet HistoryInternet History

• In September 1969, the first node of the ARPANET (funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Defense Department) was installed at the University of California.

• By the mid-1970s, the ARPANET embraced more than 30 universities, military sites, and government contractors, and its user base expanded to include the larger computer science research community.

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Internet HistoryInternet History

• In 1985, the National Science Foundation (NSF) arranged with ARPA to support a collaboration of supercomputing centers and computer science researchers across the ARPANET.

• In 1989, responsibility and management of the ARPANET was officially passed from military interests to the academically oriented NSF. Research organizations and universities became increasingly heavy users of this ever-growing “Internet”.

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Internet HistoryInternet History

• By the mid-1990s, the Internet included connections to more than 60 countries and more than 2 million host computers with more than 15 million users worldwide. Commercial and business use of the Internet was not permitted until 1992, but businesses have since become its driving force.

• By 2001, there were 109, 574, 429 domain hosts and 407.1 million users of the Internet, representing 6.71 percent of the world’s population.

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Internet HistoryInternet History

• In 2003, there were 171, 638, 297 domain hosts and more than 550 billion online documents. About 7.3 million documents and web pages were being added every day.

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SoftwareSoftware

• Software is the intangible set of instructions that tells the computer what to do. This set of instructions is called a software program.

• Types of software:– System software– Programming software– Application software

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System SoftwareSystem Software

• Helps run the computer hardware and computer system

• Includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools, windowing systems, utilities

• Examples: Windows 7, Windows 8.1, OS X Mountain Lion, OS X Mavericks, printer driver, scanner driver

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Programming SoftwareProgramming Software

• Provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way

• Includes text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers

• Examples: C++ compiler, BASIC interpreter

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Application SoftwareApplication Software

• Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific tasks

• Includes business software, educational software, medical software, databases, computer games, multimedia authoring tools

• Examples: Microsoft Office, flight simulators, Math Blaster

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Multimedia Authoring ToolsMultimedia Authoring Tools

• Provide the framework for organizing media elements

• Provide tools for editing media elements• Are used for designing user interfaces• Some multimedia authoring tools include

scripting languages• Some multimedia authoring tools provide a

visual programming approach to organize media elements so that non-technical authors can also create sophisticated applications

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Multimedia Authoring ToolsMultimedia Authoring Tools

• In some multimedia authoring tools, elements and events are organized along a timeline. Developers can write jump statements to any location in a project, thereby adding navigation and interactive control

• Examples:– ToolBook Instructor– Tribalmedia iShell– Adobe Authorware– Adobe Flash– Adobe Director

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Categories of SoftwareCategories of Software

• Commercial software– Software sold to end consumers, usually under

restricted licenses

• Trial software– Software that is provided to users without payment on

a trial basis– Is usually offered as a trial version with certain

features only available after the license is purchased, or as a full version, but for a trial period

• Freeware– Software that is available for use at no cost– The author usually restricts one or more rights to copy,

distribute, and make derivative works of the software

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Categories of SoftwareCategories of Software

• Proprietary software– Software with restrictions on use or private

modification, or with restrictions judged to be excessive on copying or publishing of modified or unmodified versions

• Public domain software– Software that has been placed in the public domain, in

other words there is absolutely no ownership of the intellectual property that the software represents

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Categories of SoftwareCategories of Software

• Closed source software– Software whose license does not allow for the release

or distribution of the software's source code

• Open source software– Software for which the source code and certain other

rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain

– This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.

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CopyrightCopyright

• Copyright laws are designed to protect intellectual property rights and provide potential monetary rewards for inventiveness and hard work.

• Original material is copyright protected.• Copyright law protects all art forms, including

electronic art forms.• Copyrights do not cover ideas or facts, only the

particular expressions of such.

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CopyrightCopyright

• The owner of copyright has the following exclusive rights:– Reproduce the copyrighted work– Prepare derivative work based on the copyrighted

work– Distribute copies of the work by sale, rental, lease or

lending– Perform the work publicly in case of audiovisual work

like drama, musical, motion pictures, etc. and display them publicly including other works like paintings, sculptures, etc.

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CopyrightCopyright

• Assume that all creative endeavors that are not our original work are copyright protected. This is true even if the copyright symbol is not explicitly included.

• In additional to or in place of the © symbol, some digital images may include an embedded signature or a digital watermark. An embedded signature or digital watermark cannot be seen when the image is displayed or printed, but it does serve as proof of artistic ownership if needed. So, do not try to get away with merely altering an image!

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CopyrightCopyright

• The only time we can alter or manipulate artwork is if:– We receive permission from the original artist,

publisher, or owner of the piece– We create the piece ourselves– The creative work is clearly public domain– The creative work is being used strictly for

instructional purposes or falls within the restrictions of fair use

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Fair UseFair Use

• Factors to determine whether a particular case is a fair use:– The purpose and character of the use, including

whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for non-profit educational purposes

– The nature of the copyrighted work– The amount and substantiality of the portion used in

relation to the copyrighted work as a whole– The effect of the use upon the potential market for or

value of the copyrighted work

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ReferenceReference

• Part of this slide set is prepared or/and extracted from the following book:– Multimedia For The Web Revealed, Calleen Coorough & Jim

Shuman, Thomson Learning, 2006, ISBN:1-4188-3953-1

• This set of slides is for teaching purpose only.• Self-study slide(s) is / are within the scope of the

final examination.

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