Introduction to Geographic Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Information Systems (GIS)

using ArcMap 9.2using ArcMap 9.2

Marcel FortinGIS & Map Librarian, University of Toronto

gis.maps@utoronto.cawww.library.utoronto.ca/maplib

September 27th, 2007

This presentation http://prod.library.utoronto.ca:8090/maplib/temp/RCAT/

ObjectivesObjectives

►Understand the basic premises of GISUnderstand the basic premises of GIS Cartography / Map MakingCartography / Map Making Geographic AnalysisGeographic Analysis

►By Learning the basics ofBy Learning the basics of GIS software and databasesGIS software and databases Different geographic datasetsDifferent geographic datasets Basic map creationBasic map creation

ObjectivesObjectives

►What is GIS?What is GIS?►Examples of GISExamples of GIS► Issues and problems/obstacles to Issues and problems/obstacles to

using GISusing GIS►GIS software and DataGIS software and Data►Hands-onHands-on

What is GIS?What is GIS? A GIS is a computer application with

the capacity to assemble, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced information (geospatial data)

What are What are GeospatialGeospatial data? data?

Data must “fit” with other dataData must “fit” with other data Geospatial data are georeferenced data Geospatial data are georeferenced data (ie. they have a geographic field)(ie. they have a geographic field)

• postal codespostal codes• ProvinceProvince• CityCity• longitude and latitudelongitude and latitude• lot numberslot numbers• concession numbersconcession numbers• census tractcensus tract• wards wards • etc.etc.

ProvincesProvinces

Postal DataPostal Data

Longitude / Latitude Longitude / Latitude

Parcel InformationParcel Information

Air Photos (or other raster Air Photos (or other raster imagery)imagery)

0.50000000.00000000.0000000-0.5000000627995.12502494836671.8749751

1999 Aerial photograph (Triathlon Inc.) Access via http://atlantis.chass.utoronto.ca/maplib/cgi-bin/datainventory.pl?idnum=44&display=full

Road Network FileRoad Network File

DMTI Spatial’s Street Network File for Ontario

http://atlantis.chass.utoronto.ca/maplib/cgi-bin/datainventory.pl?idnum=450&display=full

Combination of “Layers”Combination of “Layers”

1999 Orthorectified Aerial photograph overlayed with the DMTI Spatial’s Street Network file for Ontario

Common Examples of GIS Common Examples of GIS

http://map.toronto.ca/imapit/iMapIt.jsp?app=TOMaps

http://map.toronto.ca/imapit/iMapIt.jsp?app=TOMaps

Historical GISHistorical GIS

1860’s Map of Toronto with the Gardiner Expressway overlayed. Note the highway’s location!

What is not GIS?What is not GIS?

What is not a GIS – Scanned What is not a GIS – Scanned MapsMaps

E-maps are not a GISE-maps are not a GIS

http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/cartotheque/decoupage-administratif-france-2005.shtml

GPS IS NOT GISGPS IS NOT GIS

http://www.skyfly.cz/pristroj/image/mage315.jpg

Future Future GPS / GIS GPS / GIS ConvergenceConvergence

11 GPS.mxd11 GPS.mxd

GIS not CADGIS not CAD

Data Access Data Access http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplibhttp://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib

SoftwareSoftware

ESRI Site License (campus consortium)ESRI Site License (campus consortium)• ArcGIS (desktop)ArcGIS (desktop)

• ArcInfoArcInfo• ArcEditorArcEditor• ArcView (free version now available from map ArcView (free version now available from map

library)library)

• ArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine)ArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine)

Mapinfo Site License (through Mapinfo Site License (through Geography Department)Geography Department)

Autocad Map Site License Autocad Map Site License

Other software optionsOther software options

CommercialCommercial• Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office)Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office)• OracleOracle• FMEFME

Open SourceOpen Source• GRASS (desktop)GRASS (desktop)• MapServer (web)MapServer (web)• ThubanThuban• QGISQGIS

Making Sense of “ArcWording”Making Sense of “ArcWording”

Functions

Umbrella

Flavour

3D Analyst, Spatial Analyst, etc.Extensions

ArcGISArcGIS

ArcInfo ArcInfo

ArcEditorArcEditor

ArcViewArcView

ArcMapArcMap||ArcToolboxArcToolbox||ArcSceneArcScene||ArcCatalogArcCatalog

Questions or Questions or Comments?Comments?