Introduction to Engineering and Technology Concepts

Unit Two

Chapter Four – Manufacturing

Instructions for Success:

• Each chapter of every unit will begin with a “Mindjog.” This is a warm up question that you should answer in your workbook in the proper chapter.

• Please take notes as you move through the presentations in the notebook that has been provided.

• Sections will come up in each presentation with an assignment notice. Turn to the section detailed on the slide in your workbook and complete the assignment before proceeding.

• Good luck!

Objective

• Students will compare engineering and manufacturing and the how resources are gathered and refined.

Mindjog!

• On your worksheet, please respond to the following question: 

• “In your own words, do you think that there is a difference between engineering and manufacturing? What do you think that difference is?”

Engineering/Manufacturing

• Engineering can be defined as an activity that develops the specifications for products, structures, processes, and services.

• Manufacturing is an activity that makes products, especially within a factory.

• Therefore, engineering is the steps undertaken to develop technology, while manufacturing makes the artifacts to the specifications determined during the engineering process (Wright, 2004).

Engineering/Manufacturing (cont.)

• All of Unit One and most of Unit Two discussed engineering and the steps involved.

• Consider just some of these portions of engineering: design, production, planning, producing, maintaining quality, marketing, industrial relations, and so on…(Wright, 2004)

• Manufacturing has a process that directly involves (at least) designing, development, producing, and servicing.

Manufacturing Activities

• All manufacturing activities contain three stages. They are:

• Obtaining resources

• Producing industrial materials through primary processes

• Creating finished products through secondary processing (Wright, 2004).

Obtaining Resources

• Manufacturing begins when there is a gathering of natural and raw materials from Earth. This can include growing or searching by:

• Harvesting – Gathering genetic material at the proper stage of their life cycle.

• Mining – Obtaining materials through shafts or pits.• Drilling – Obtaining materials by pumping them

through holes (Wright, 2004).

Obtaining Resources (continued)

• All of these raw materials, gathered on or from the Earth, go through a primary process.

• Primary Processing is when the material resources are changed into industrial materials.

• An example of this would be harvesting a tree, cutting it down, and selecting the best wood pieces for further production (Wright, 2004).

Producing Industrial Materials

• Once a primary process has been completed with a resource, it almost always goes through a secondary process.

• Secondary Processing is when resources are changed from industrial material into industry and consumer products (Wright, 2004).

Producing Industrial Materials (continued)

• When producing industrial materials, secondary processes include making changes to primary industrial resources in six basic ways:

• Casting and Molding – introduces a liquid material into a mold cavity to solidify into the proper size and shape.

• Forming - uses force to apply a die or roll for reshaping materials.• Separating – uses tools to shear or machine away unwanted material.

This also produces shapes and sizes, parts and products.• Conditioning – uses heat, chemicals, or mechanical forces to change

the internal structure of the material. The result is a material with new, desirable properties.

• Finishing – coats or modifies the surface of parts or products to protect them, make them more appealing to the consumer.

• Assembling – brings materials and parts together to make a finished product. They are bonded or fastened together to make a functional device (Wright, 2004).

The Basic Manufacturing Process

• Consider that most materials that come to the Consider that most materials that come to the factory to be changed into artifacts are altered in factory to be changed into artifacts are altered in some way or form.some way or form.

• Very few items come from nature ready to be used Very few items come from nature ready to be used or turned into an artifact.or turned into an artifact.

• When natural resources are changed into When natural resources are changed into industrial materialsindustrial materials, through primary processing, , through primary processing, they become inputs to the manufacturing process.they become inputs to the manufacturing process.

• Secondary processing Secondary processing is when industrial is when industrial materials are put into the manufacturing process materials are put into the manufacturing process (Wright, 2004). (Wright, 2004).

Products

• Industrial products are items that are used by companies for conducting their businesses.

• For instance, a specialized microscope is an industrial product that an agricultural company might purchase for research. You, yourself, might not buy one.

• Consumer products are developed for the end user: homeowners, students, athletes, etc.

• Consider a pair of running shoes that could be used by just about anyone; everyone buys shoes.

• Both industrial and consumer products are outputs of secondary processing (Wright, 2004).

Assignment #1

• Please turn to the section in your workbook entitled, “Unit Two, Chapter Four – Manufacturing.”

• Complete the extension questions under the “Assignment #1” header before moving onto the next section of slides.

BEFORE MOVING ON:

• Did you complete the “Assignment #1” Section under the “Unit Two, Chapter Four – Manufacturing” section of your workbook?

• If you have, please proceed to the next slide.

Chapter Four Completed!

• Please close this presentation and launch the file entitled, “Chapter 5 - Materials.”

References

• Wright, R. (2004) “Technology” The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.