Introduction to Embedded Sys

7/31/2019 Introduction to Embedded Sys

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INTRODUTION TO EMBEDDED SYS N

ROBOTICS

Embedded Hut Technologies

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What we are going to do:-

i) LED blinking.

ii) Seven segment display

iii) Motor driving.

iv) Autonomous Bot.

v) Buzzer

vi) LCD

vii) Sensor

viii) ADC

ix) Obstacle follower

x) Line follower(B/W)xi) Wall follower

xii) Timer ,interrupt and PWM(Introduction)

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LED.

Normal Led Blinking

Led Patterns

Led chaser Seven Segment display

LED Matrix

Led Message Display Board



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LCD Display



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LCD

Normal LCD display (Name and etc)

Timer Display

Menu Display Normal Animations

Sensor and other Reading Display



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Sensor Interface

Sensor Interface (ADC Reading)

Control action using Sensor reading

Sensor + Motor Interface

Different types of sensor

Alarm Systems



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Applications..

Line Follower Robot

Obstacle avoider Robot

Digital Scale

Digital thermometer

Wireless Robots

Mobile Control Robots



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Development Board



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Programmer



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Sensor



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Motors and Wheels



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And finally we have



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A Sample Program

To display a Name on LCD..

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);lcd_putsf(My Name );



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Embedded system ????..

1) An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system

designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions.

2) Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such

as digital watches and MP4 player to large stationary installations

like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling

nuclear power plants.



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Embedded system:- An intro.

An embedded system is a computer system designed for

specific control functions within a larger system .

Embedded systems contain processing cores that are

typically Microcontrollers.

Hardware

System

Software

System

Embedded

System



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Application of Embedded system



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Robot

MechanicalModule

Electrical

Module

ElectronicModule

Software

Module



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Microprocessor

A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer'scentral processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit.

It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital

data as input, processes it according to instructions stored inits memory, and provides results as output.



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A microcontroller (also microcontroller unit, MCU or C) is a small

computer on a single integrate circuit consisting of a relatively

simple CPU.

MICROCONTROLLER ????..



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Difference between Microprocessor and

Microcontroller

Microprocessor:

Memory is not there.

Microprocessor only

process the i/o data. Microprocessor has more

generalized functions.

Brain of any computing

machine.

Microcontroller:

It has owes Memory.

Microcontroller can also

process the data. A Microcontroller is more

specific to its task.

Microcontroller is complete

Computing machine.



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Simple difference between Microprocessor andMicrocontroller:

Microprocessor = CPU

Microcontroller = CPU + Peripherals + Memory

Peripherals = Ports + Clock + Timers + UART + ADC +DAC

+ other stuff

Memory = EEPROM + SRAM + EPROM + Flash



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Types of microcontrollers(arch.)

As of 2011 there are several architectures:

1) 8051

2) AVR

3) PIC4) PSoC

5) 68HC 11

6) eZ8,eZ80

7) Etc



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Atmel AVRThe AVR is a Modified Harvard architecture 8-bitRISC single chip

microcontroller (C) which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The

AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip

flash memory for program storage, as opposed to One-Time

Programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other

microcontrollers at the time.



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AVR



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AVR classification:-

AVRMegaAVR or

ATmega

Atmega 8

Atmega 16

Atmega 32

Atmega 128



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Atmega 8



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Atmega 16



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Pin configuration of Atmega 8

VCC

GND

Port A (PA7..PA0)

Port B (PB7..PB0) Port C (PC7..PC0)

Port D (PD7..PD0)

RESET

XTAL1

XTAL2

AVCC

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LED



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What is 7-segment LED Display?

7-segment LED Display is display device which can display

one digit at a time.

Actually one digit is represented by arrangement of 7 LEDs in

a small cubical box.

For representing 3 digit number we need three 7-segment LED

Displays.



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How it look like?



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Internal structure

There are two types of 7-segment LED

Display

1. Common Cathode

2. Common Anode



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Common Cathode



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How to glow the segments?

We need to provide +5 V to other open ends to turn ON that

particular segments.

We need to provide 0 V to other open ends to turn OFF that




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How to print 2 on LED Display?

To show 2 on LED display then you must illuminate A, B, G,

E and D segments of the display. So you must give voltages on

pins 10, 9, 8, 5, 4, 2, 3 and 7 in Common cathode slide as

High, High, Low, High, High, Low, High and Lowrespectively for drawing 2 on display.



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Common Anode



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How to glow the segments?

We need to provide +5 V to other open ends to turn OFF that


We need to provide 0 V to other open ends to turn ON that




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Inputs and Outputs of BCD to 7

segment decoder



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Pin Out of Common Anode LED

Display



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Multi Digit 7 segments LED

Display (Multiplexing)



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Circuit diagram for multiplexing



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Introduction to Embedded Sys