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Introduction to Chemical BondingIntroduction to Chemical Bonding
Table of ContentsLecture/Lab/Activity Date Pg#
22. The Periodic Table 9/24/10 4723. Periodic Def & Trends 9/27/10 4924. Electron config practice 10/4/10 5125. Ions and Oxidation Numbers 10/5/10 5326. Lewis Dot Diagram 10/6/10 5427. Intro to Chemical Bonding 10/7/10 57
Objective:The student will record lecture notes on the Introduction to Chemical Bonding to make a comparison of the different types of Chemical bonds & bond polarity.
Agenda:Introduction to Chemical Bonding – Lecture
VocabularyVocabulary
Chemical Bondattractive force between atoms
or ions that binds them together as a unit
bonds form in order to…decrease potential energy (PE)
increase stability
Chemical Bondattractive force between atoms
or ions that binds them together as a unit
bonds form in order to…decrease potential energy (PE)
increase stability
VocabularyVocabulary
CHEMICAL FORMULA
MolecularFormula
FormulaUnit
IONIC COVALENT
COCO22NaClNaCl
VocabularyVocabulary
COMPOUND
TernaryCompound
BinaryCompound
2 elementsmore than 2
elements
NaNONaNO33NaClNaCl
VocabularyVocabulary
ION
PolyatomicIon
MonatomicIon
1 atom 2 or more atoms
NONO33--NaNa++
Types of Chemical BondsTypes of Chemical BondsIONIC COVALENT
Bond Formation
Type of Structure
Solubility in Water
OtherProperties
high
yes (solution or liquid)
yes
low
no
usually not
MeltingPoint
Physical State
solid liquid or gas
odorous
Electrical Conductivity
crystal lattice
e- are transferred from metal to nonmetal
true molecules
e- are shared between two nonmetals
Types of Chemical BondsTypes of Chemical BondsMETALLIC
Bond Formation
Type of Structure
Solubility in Water
Electrical Conductivity
OtherProperties
MeltingPoint
Physical State
e- are delocalized among metal atoms
very high
yes (any form)
no
malleable, ductile, lustrous
solid
“electron sea”
Bond PolarityBond Polarity
Most bonds are a blend of ionic and covalent characteristics.
Difference in electronegativity determines bond type.
Most bonds are a blend of ionic and covalent characteristics.
Difference in electronegativity determines bond type.
Bond PolarityBond PolarityElectronegativity
Attraction an atom has for a shared pair of electrons.
higher e-neg atom -
lower e-neg atom +
ElectronegativityAttraction an atom has for a shared
pair of electrons.higher e-neg atom -
lower e-neg atom +
Bond PolarityBond PolarityElectronegativity Trend
Increases up and to the right.
Electronegativity Trend Increases up and to the right.
Nonpolar Covalent Bonde- are shared equallysymmetrical e- densityusually identical atoms
Nonpolar Covalent Bonde- are shared equallysymmetrical e- densityusually identical atoms
Bond PolarityBond Polarity
+ -
Bond PolarityBond PolarityPolar Covalent Bond
e- are shared unequallyasymmetrical e- densityresults in partial charges (dipole)
Polar Covalent Bonde- are shared unequallyasymmetrical e- densityresults in partial charges (dipole)
Nonpolar
Polar
Ionic
View Bonding Animations.
Bond PolarityBond Polarity
Bond PolarityBond Polarity
Examples:
Cl2
HCl
NaCl
Examples:
Cl2
HCl
NaCl
3.0-3.0=0.0Nonpolar
3.0-2.1=0.9Polar
3.0-0.9=2.1Ionic
Least electronegative element = Cs – 0.7
Most electronegative element = F – 4.0
Ionic = EN > 1.7Polar-covalent = EN 0.3 > 1.7Nonpolar-covalent = EN < 0.3
Least electronegative element = Cs – 0.7
Most electronegative element = F – 4.0
Ionic = EN > 1.7Polar-covalent = EN 0.3 > 1.7Nonpolar-covalent = EN < 0.3
Bond PolarityBond Polarity